初升高资料(词汇为主)

初中英语高频词汇表Aawake(awoke,awoken)v.唤醒醒着的abilityn.能力；才能abroadad.到（在）国外Babsencen.不在，缺席backgroundn.背景absenta.缺席，不在balloonn.气球accentn.口音，音调bamboon.竹acceptvt.接受basica.基本的accidentn.事故，意外的事beat（beat,beaten）v.敲打；跳动；打赢achievevt.达到，取得begv.请求，乞求，乞讨addressn.地址behaviourn.行为，举止advantagen.优点；好处believev.相信，认为advertisementn.广告beyondprep.（表示位置）在的那边advicen.忠告，劝告，建议bittera.有苦味的；痛苦的，advisevt.忠告，劝告，建议blinda.瞎的affordvt.负担得起（的费用）；抽得出bloodn.血，血液（时间）；提供boardn.木板；v.上（船、火车、飞机）afraida,害怕的；担心bottomn.底部；底againstprep.对着,反对brainn.脑（子）agreev.同意；应允bravea.勇敢的airlinen.航空公司；航空系统breathn.气息；呼吸airplanen.(美)飞机breathevi,呼吸airportn.航空站，飞机场brighta.明亮的；聪明的alivea.活着的，存在的burn(-ed,-ed或burnt,burnt)v.燃，烧，allowvt.允许，准许business〃.生意，交易；事业althoughconj.虽然，尽管ancienta.古代的，古老的Canywayad.不管怎样cameln.骆驼appearvi.出现cameran.照相机；摄像机arean.面积；地域，地方，区域；cancelvt.取消armyn.军队cancern.癌articlen.文章；东西，物品；冠词candlen.蜡烛Asian.亚洲capitaln.首都，省会；大写；资本Asiana.亚洲的，亚洲人的n.亚洲人captainn.（船长，舰长；队长asleepa.睡着的，熟睡的caren.照料，小心v.介意，在乎；关心Atlantica.大西洋的carefula.小心的，仔细的，谨慎的attentionn.注意，关心carelessa.粗心的，漫不经心的avoidv.避免，躲开，逃避causevt.促使，引起，使发生

celebratev.庆祝crazya.疯狂的centuryn.世纪，百年createvt.创造；造成certaina.确定的，无疑的；定会 cruela.残忍的，残酷的；无情的chairmann.主席，会长；议长culturen.文化chairwomann.女主席，女会长；女议长Dchangev.改变，变化；更换；兑换dailya.每日的；日常的cheatn.&v.骗取，哄骗；作弊dangern.危险checkvt.校对，核对；检查；批改dangerousa.危险的choose(chose,chosen)vt.选择deada.死的；无生命的chopsticksn.筷子deafa.聋的clonen.克隆（无性繁殖出来的有机体群）dealv.对付，应付，处理coachn.教练；马车；长途车deathn.死coal〃.煤；煤块decisionn.决定；决心coastn.海岸；海滨degreen.程度；度数；学位collectvt.收集，搜集dependvi.依靠，依赖，指望；取决于collegen.学院；专科学校describevt.描写，叙述comfortablea.舒服的；安逸的；developv.（使）发展；（使）发达；commona.普通的，一般的；共有的developmentn.发展，发达，发育，开发communicatev.交际；传达（感情，信息等）diaryn.日记；日记簿communicationn.交际；交往；通讯differencen.不同companyn.公司differenta.不同的，有差异的comparevt,比较，对照difficulta.难的；艰难的；不易相处的competevi.比赛，竞赛difficultyn.困难，费力competitionn.比赛，竞赛directa.直接的；直截了当的completea.完成的vt.完成，结束一.指挥;指导；compositionn.作文；作曲directionn.方向；方位concertn.音乐会；演奏会directorn.所长，处长，主任；董事；导演conditionn.条件，状况discovervt.发现connectvt.连接，把 联系起来discoveryn.发现considervt.考虑discussvt.讨论，议论continuevi.继续discussionn.讨论，辩论controlvt.&n.控制diseasen.病，疾病conversationn.谈话，交谈dismissvt.解散；解雇correctv.改正；纠正a.正确的，对的；disturbvt.扰乱；打扰cottonn.棉花a.棉花的dividevt.分，划分couplen.夫妇，一■对doubtn.&匕怀疑，疑惑couragen.勇气；胆略coursen.过程；经过；课程dozenn.十二个；几十，许多

Eforeignern.夕卜国人edgen.边缘forest77.森林educationn.教育，培养forwardad.将来，今后；向前，前进effortn.努力，艰难的尝试elder a.年长的furnituren.（总称）家具electrica.带电的Gencouragevt.鼓励generala.大体的，笼统的，总的endn.末尾；终点；结束v.结束，终止gentlemann.绅士，先生；有教养的人enemyn.敌人；敌军geographyn.地理学energyn.精力，能量gesturen.姿势，手势engineern.工程师；技师governmentn.政府entervt.进入grammarn.语法environmentn,环境graspv.抓住：紧握especiallyad.特别，尤其guardn.防护装置，警戒exacta.精确的；确切的guessvi,猜exam=examinationn.考试，测试；examinevt.检查；诊察guestn.客人，宾客examplen.例子；榜样Hexcellenta.极好的，优秀的handsomea,英俊的exceptprep.除 之夕卜handwritingn.书法exercisen.锻炼，体操；习题vi.锻炼happenvi.（偶然）发生expectvt.预料；盼望；认为hardlyad几乎不expensivea昂贵的healthya.健康的，健壮的experiencen.经验；经历heavenn,天,天空experimentn.实验heightn.高，高度explainvt.解释，说明hide(hid,hidden)v,把 藏起来，隐藏expressvt,表达；表示；表情hit（hit,hit）n.&vt.打，撞，击中honesta诚实的，正直的Fhonour(美honor)n.荣誉，光荣fantastica.极好的，美妙的，很棒的humorousa.富于幽默的fearn.害怕；恐惧；担忧hundrednum.百feed（fed,fed）匕喂（养）；饲（养）feel（felt,felt）v.&link感觉，觉得；hurryvi.赶快；急忙feelingn.感情；感觉Ifetchvt.（去）取来，（去）带来imaginevt.想像，设想fight(fought,fought)v.打仗(架)immediatelyad.立即forcevt.强迫，迫使importanta.重要的foreigna.外国的impossiblea.不可能的

improvevt.改进，更新machinen.机器includevt.包含，包括magazinen.杂志increasev.&n.增加，繁殖magica.有魔力的industryn.工业，产业manage匕管理；设法对付influencen.&v.影响managern.经理informationn.信息markn.标记vt.标明，作记号于insistvi.坚持说；坚决认为marriagen.结婚，婚姻insteadad.代替，顶替marryV.（使）成婚，结婚instructionn.说明，须知；教导mastervt.精通，掌握intendvt.想要，打算match7vt.使相配，使成对interestn.兴趣，趣味；利息match，n.比赛，竞赛internationala.国际的match'n.火柴interviewn.&vt.采访，会见，面试mean(meant,meant)vt.意思是,意指introducevt.介绍meaningn.意思，含意introductionn.引进，介绍meaningfula.有意义的inventvt.发明，创造medicala.医学的，医疗的inventionn.发明，创造medicinen.药invitevt.邀请，招待memoryn.回忆，记忆invitationn.邀请（函）mendv..修理，修补islandn.岛mentionvt.提到，说起；提名表扬messagen.消息，音信Kmetaln.金属a.金属制成的knockn.&v.敲；打；击methodn.方法，办法knowledgen.知识，学问mistake(mistook,mistaken)/?.错误力.弄错modeln.模型，原形；范例；模范Lmonitorn.（班级内的）班长；监视器labour(美labor)n.劳动murdervt.谋杀languagen.语言museumn.博物馆，博物院last"v.持续lead(led,led)v.领导，带领Nleadern.领袖，领导人nationala.国家的，全国性的，民族的livelya.活泼的；充满生气的naturala.自然的lockn.锁心锁，锁上naturen.自然，性质，lonelya.孤独的，寂寞的necessarya.必需的，必要的lovely a.美好的，可爱的nervousa.紧张不安的luckya.运气好，侥幸normaln.&a.正常的（状态）noticen.布告，通告；注意vt.注意，M

0priden.自豪，骄傲objectn.物，物体；宾语primarya.初等的；初级的officer 〃.公务员，官员；警官printvt.印刷operationn.手术，操作prisonn.监狱overcoatn.大衣prisonern.囚犯owna.自己的v.拥有，所有privatea.私人的ownern.物主，所有人prizen.奖赏，奖品producevt.生产；制造Pprogramme(美program)n.节目；项目package 一包，一袋，一盒progressn.进步，上进vi.进展；进行paint 〃.油漆片油漆，粉刷，绘画promisen.&vi.答应，允诺palacen.宫，宫殿pronouncevt.发音passage〃.一节，一段；通道；走廊pronunciationn.发音passengern,乘客，旅客provevt,证明passportn.护照providevt.提供percentn.百分之 publica.公共的，公众的n.公众perfecta.完美的，极好的punishv.惩罚，处罚periodn.时期，时代pupiln.（小）学生personala.个人的，私人的purpose〃.目的，意图pilotn.飞行员pioneern.先锋，开拓者pursen.钱包plastica.塑料的Qplaten.板；片；牌；盘子；盆子quartern.四分之一，一刻钟pleasanta.令人愉快的，舒适的pleasev.请；使人高兴，使人满意queenn.皇后，女王pleasuren.高兴，愉快Rpocketn.（衣服的）口袋raise匕使升高；饲养poemn.诗rapida.快的，迅速的politea.有礼貌的，有教养的realise(美realize)vt.认识到，实现policy 〃.政策receivev.收到，得到populationn.人口，人数recenta.近来的，最近的positionn.位置recitev.背诵practicen.练习recordn.记录；唱片practice(美practise)v.练习，实践recordv.录制」，t己录praisen.&vt.赞扬，表扬recordern.录音机preparevt.准备，预备；refusevi.拒绝，不愿presidentn.总统；主席regardv,把 看作preventvt.防止，预防regretn.&vt.可惜，遗憾；后悔

relationn.关系；亲属smootha.光滑的；平坦的remainvt.余下，留下vi.保持，仍是soapn.肥皂requirevt.需求；要求sociala.社会的；社交的researchn.研究，调查societyn.社会reviewvt.复习soldiern.士兵，战土riddlen.谜语solida.结实的，固体的n.固体sparea.空闲的，多余的，剩余的Sspeciala.特别的，专门的safea.安全的n.保险柜speedn.速度v.（使）加速safetyn.安全，保险spiritn.精神sailn.航行v.航行，开航spreadv.延伸；展开satisfy〃.满足，使满意standardn.&a.标准(的)sciencen.科学，自然科学staten.状态；情形；（美国的）州scientistn.科学家steal(stole,stolen)vt.偷，窃取scoren.&v.得分，分数strangern.陌生人，外人searchn.&v.搜寻，搜查streamn.小河；溪流secretaryn.秘书；书记stricta.严格的，严密的seldomad.很少，不常succeedvi.成功sensen.感觉，意识successn.成功sentencen.句子successfula.成功的，有成就的separatev.使分开，使分离suggestvt.建议，提议a.单独的，分开的suggestionn.建议seriousa.严肃的，严重的；认真的supplyvt.&n.供给，供应servantn.仆人，佣人supposevt.猜想，假定，料想servevt.招待（顾客等），服务surfacen.表面servicen.服务severalpron.几个，数个a,若干surprisevt.使惊奇，n.惊奇，shamen.遗憾的事；羞愧Tsharevt.分享，taskn.任务，工作shine(shone,shone)v.发光；照耀；tasten.品尝，尝味；味道vt.品尝，尝味shouldern.肩膀；（道路的）路肩temperaturen.温度sightn.视觉，视力；情景，风景thoughtn.思考，思想；念头silencen.安静，沉默tonguen.舌，舌头silenta.无声的，无对话的toothachen.牙痛silkn.（蚕）丝，丝织品toothbrushn.牙刷silvern.车艮toothpasten.牙膏similara.相似的，像touristn.旅行者，观光者simplea.简单的，简易的toward(s)prep.向，朝，对于trade〃贸易vt.用 进行交换traditionala.传统的traffic77.交通，来往车辆translatevt.翻译treasuren.金银财宝；财富treatmentn.治疗，疗法trustvt,相信，信任，信赖truthn.真理，事实，真相，实际情况Uumbrellan.雨伞undergrounda,地下的n,地铁universityn.大学Vvaluen.价值，益处victoryn.胜利villagen.村庄，乡村Wwarn.战争warnvt.警告，预先通知wasten.&vt.浪费weaka.差的，弱的，淡的wealthn.财产，财富weighvt.称 的重量，重（若干）weightn.重，重量wheat/?.小麦wheeln.轮，机轮wind（wound,wound） vt.蜿蜒，弯曲wisea.聪明的，英明的，有见识的wonder匕对 疑惑，感到惊奇，想知道wortha有 的价值，值得 的XX一ray n,X射线；X光♦高频词组abit（of）有一点儿afew一些，少量akindof一种，一类alittle一点，少许alotof许多，大量anumberof许多apairof一双，一副apieceof一块，一张，一根，一片aboveall首先，首要accordingto根据，按照addupto合计达 afterall毕竟，终究afterclass课后againandagain反复地，再三地agreetodosth.同意做某事agreewithsb.同意某人的看法aheadof在 之前allinall总的来说，总计allkindsof各种各样的allover到处，遍及，结束allright行了，好吧，（病）好了arriveat（in）到达某地asamatteroffact事实上，其实asaresult（作为）结果as...as像，如同assoonas■ 就 asfaras（表示程度，范围）就 ；尽asif好像，仿佛aslongas只要asthough好像,仿佛asusual通常，平常地aswell也，还有aswellas除 之外（也）belongto属于beproudof骄傲，自豪bestrictwithsb.对 严格要求bestrictinsth.对 严格要求befriendly/kindto对…友好；befedupwith对…厌烦;bedifferentfrom与…不同；beafraidof害怕;bepopularwith受…欢迎；befondof喜欢，爱好；beinterestedin对…感兴趣;besurprisedat对・・・惊讶；besatisfied/pleasedwith对…满意;beproudof对…感到自豪；begoodto对…友好；begoodfor对…有好处；begoodat擅长于…;besureof/about对…有把握；beangrywith对某人生气；bebusywith忙于；belatefor…迟到；befamiliarwith对…熟悉；befamous/knownfor因・・・著名；befamous/knownas作为有名；bemadeupof由…构成;bemadeof由…组成（看得出原材料）；bemadefrom由…组成（看不出原材料）;bemadeinto被制成…befullof/filledwith装满了；becoveredwith覆盖着；both...and两个都,既 又 breakdown损坏；（把化合物等）分解，（汽车）抛锚breakin闯入，插嘴，打断breakoff中止；折断breakout（战争、火灾等）突然发生，爆发bringin引来，引进，吸收bringup教育，培养byaccident偶然byair（bus,train,ship）乘飞机（公共汽车，火车，轮船）bytheway顺便说callonsb.拜访，访问callatsp.拜访，访问callup号召，打电话carefor喜欢；照顾（病人）careabout介意，关心carryon继续下去；继续开展carryout开展，执行catchupwith赶上（或超过）o转换成，把 变成checkin报到，登记checkout查明；结账clearup整理，收拾，（天气）放晴comeabout发生，产生comeacross（偶然）遇见（或发现）comeback回来，想起来comedown落，下来comefrom出生（于），来自comein进入，进来comeon来吧，赶快comeout出来，（书等）出版，发行cometrue变为现实，成为事实comeupwith追上，赶上；想出（主意）；找出（答案）compareto/with与 相比congratulate...on祝贺 connectwith与 相连cutdown砍倒cutoff切断cutup切碎dayandnight日日夜夜doonesbest尽最大的努力dealwith处理，对付dependon（upon）依靠，相信，信赖dieout消失，灭亡differentfrom与 不同o...把 分成 dosomecleaning（shopping）做扫除（买东西）eachother相互either...or或者 或者 enjoyoneself过得愉快evenif即使，尽管eventhough即使，尽管eversince自那时起直到现在facetoface面对面fallasleep入睡fallinto落入；陷入fallbehind落后于falloff从…落下fallinlovewith爱上faraway遥远的farfrom远离feellikedoing想要 感觉要 fill...with用 填充fillin填充findout查明，发现，了解firstofall首先forexample例如fromnowon从今以后，今后fromthenon从那时起from...to从 至 （去）钓鱼（去）钓鱼fromtimetotime不时，偶尔getalong/onwith与 相处getawayfrom…逃逃；离getbackto返回；回来；回家getoff脱下（衣服等）；下车geton上车；getthrough通过，拨通（电话）gettogether聚会，联欢getup起床getinto进入，陷入；getout（of）（从…）出去；getover克服;giveaway捐赠；分发giveback归还；送回givein屈服，让步giveout分发giveup放弃goahead走在前面，领先；干吧，干下去goaway走开，离去goby走过；经过；过去gofishing（shopping,skat-ing）（买东西，滑冰）goforawalk散步goon继续goout出去，熄灭goover仔细检查，复习gothrough浏览；翻阅，通过growup长大成人，成长growinto长成hadbetter（do）最好（做）handin上交；交纳handout分发haveacold患感冒haveagoodtime玩得高兴，过得愉快haveclasses上课haveto不得不；必须hearof/about听说，知道hearfrom收到 的来信helponeselfto请随便吃点helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事help...out帮助某人解决困难holdon等一等（别挂电话）holdone'sbreath不出气,屏住呼吸hundredsof几百，成百上千hurryup赶快，快点inall总之incommon共同，共有indebt欠债indanger处在危险状态infact事实上，实际上inpeace安静，宁静inpublic当众；公开insurprise吃惊，惊讶intime及时，来得及inorder按顺序infrontof在 前面inneedof需要，缺少inorderthat从句为了inordertodo为了inotherwords换句话说inahurry匆忙，很快地inaword简言之，总之intheend最后，终于insteadof代替，而不是joinin参加，加入justnow现在,刚才keepdoingsth.继续做某事keepone,sword守信keepawayfromsth.远离…；keepupwith跟上，赶上；keepsb./sth.out不让 入内；keepintouchwith与 保持联系knockat/on敲knockintosb.撞上laughat嘲笑leadto导致，导向letin让 进来，放进liveon以……为主食，靠……为生lookafter照顾lookaround环顾lookupto尊敬lookdownupon看不起，轻视lookfor寻找lookforwardto盼望lookinto向 里面看去；调查lookout留神，当心lookover仔细检查lookthrough看穿，浏览lookup查找;查阅lotsof许多，大量makeaface做鬼脸，做苦脸makefriendswith与……交朋友makeup和解，化装；组建makeupof由 组成，构成makeupone'smind下决心millionsof成百万上千万，数以百万计moreorless或多或少neither...nor既不 也不 nextto紧接着，相邻，次于nolonger不再not…anymore不再not...atall一点也不，绝非notonly...butalso不仅 而且 notso...as不像，不如nottill/until直到 才nowandthen不时，偶尔nowthat既然ofcourse当然onduty值日，值班onfoot走路，步行onshow展出，在上演（放映）ontime准时onceagain再一次oncemore再一次onceuponatime从前，很久以前oneafteranother一个接一个outofbreath上气不接下气outoforder运转不正常，出毛病outofwork失业overandoveragain反复，多次重复passby经过payattentionto注意payback偿还（借款等）payfor付款payoff偿清（欠款等）pickout选出pickup拾起，捡起，接收；开车去接 pointout指出pointto指向prevent/stop...from妨碍，防止，预防putaway把…收起来（放好）putdown记下putoff推迟；拖延puton穿，戴上，上演putout扑灭，关熄putup挂起，举起，贴（广告等）putupwith忍受ratherthan而不是referto提到，涉及，有关regard...as把 看作ringback回电话ringup打电话给rightaway立即，马上rightnow立即，马上runaway逃跑，失控runoutof用完runout用完saveone，slife挽救某人生命see...off为某人送行sellout卖完，出卖sendout发出，派遣sendup发出，射出separate...from...分开setdown放下setfree释放，解放setoff动身，起程；使爆发setout出发；开始setup建立，创立showoff炫耀sofar到目前为止so...that太 以至于 soonerorlater迟早，早晚spend...on在 花钱standfor代表，象征stickto坚持suchas例如takeaway拿走takeiteasy别着急，别紧张takeoff脱下，起飞takeonestime不着急,慢慢来takeout取出takeplace发生taketheplaceof取代,代替takeup占据（时间、地位等），开始从事takecareof照顾；takecare小心，当心；takepartin参与,参加;talkabout谈论，议论talkto/with与…谈论thedayaftertomorrow后天thedaybeforeyesterday前天theotherday前几天，某日thinkabout考虑（是否去做）thinkof想起，考虑；认为，看法waitfor等候，等待wakeupwaitfor等候，等待wakeup醒来workout算出，解决worryabout担心，烦恼writedown写下，记下writeto写信给 thinkup想出；thinkhighlyof看重，高度赞扬；thousandsof成千上万，几千throwaway扔掉too...to太 以至于不 tryon试穿，试试看tryone'sbesttodosth.尽力做某事turndown关小，调低turnup调高（声音，温度）turnoff关掉（水、电、电视、收音机等）turnon打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等）turnover翻动，犁翻（土地）turn…into…把…变成…upanddown上下，来回usedtodosth.过去常常必修一UnitlAnne'sBestFriendUnitlDoyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto,likeyourdeepestfeelingsandthoughts?Orareyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughatyou,orwouldnotunderstandwhatyouaregoingthrough?AnneFrankwantedthefirstkind,soshemadeherdiaryherbestfriend.AnnelivedinAmsterdamintheNetherlandsduringWorldWarII.HerfamilywasJewishsonearlytwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.Duringthattimetheonlytruefriendwasherdiary.Shesaid,MIdon'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo,butIwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend,andIshallcallmyfriendKitty.MNowreadhowshefeltafterbeinginthehidingplacesinceJuly1942.Thursday15thJune,1944DearKitty,Iwonderifit'sbecauseIhaven,tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI'vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.That'schangedsinceIwashere....Forexample,oneeveningwhenitwassowarm,Istayedawakeonpurposeuntilhalfpasteleveninordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonbymyself.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn'tdareopenawindow.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.Ididn'tgodownstairsuntilthewindowbadtobeshut.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower;itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI'dseenthenightfacetoface.Sadly,Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshangingbeforeverydustywindows.It'snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.Yours,Anne单词：短语:句型:Unit2theRoadtoModernEnglishAttheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworld,andbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.Lookatthisexample:BritishBetty:Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?AmericanAmy:Yes.I'dliketocomeuptoyouapartment.SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime?Actuallyalllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.AtfisttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.ItwasbasemoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD500and1150,EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary.Sobythe1600*8Shakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliato.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspellinghappened:firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishlanguage.ThelattergaveaseparateidentitytoAmericanEnglishspelling.EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample,IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.EnglishisalsospokeninSingaporeandMalaysiaandcountriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.Infact,ChinamayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity?Onlytimewilltell.单词：短语:句型:

Unit3JourneyDowntheMekongUnit3JourneyDowntheMekongMynameisWangKun.Eversincemiddleschool,mysisterWangWeiandIhavedreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip.Twoyearsagosheboughtanexpensivemountainbikeandthenshepersuadedmetobuyone.Lastyear,shevisitedourcousins,DaoWeiandYuHangattheircollegeifKunming.TheyareDaiandgrewupinwesternYunnanProvinceneartheLancangRiver,theChinesepartoftheriverthatiscalledtheMekongRiverinothercountries.WangWeisoongottimeinterestedincyclingtoo.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,wefinallygotthechancetotakeabiketrip.Iaskedmysister,MWherearewegoing?MItwasmysisterwhofirsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentireMekongRiverfromwhereitbeginstowhereitends.Nowsheisplanningourscheduleforthetrip.Iamfondofmysisterbutshehasoneseriousshortcoming.Shecanbereallystubborn.Althoughshedidn'tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,sheinsistedthatsheorganizethetripproperly.NowIknowthattheproperwayisalwaysherway.Ikeptaskingher,MWhenareweleavingandwhenarewecomingback?”Iaskedherwhethershehadlookedatamapyet.Ofcourseshehadn't;mysisterdoesn*tcareaboutdetails.SoItoldherthatthesourceoftheMekongisinQinghaiProvince.Shegavemeadeterminedlook-thekindthatsaidshewouldnotchangehermind.WhenItoldherthatourjourneywouldbeginatanaltitudeofmorethan5,000meters,sheseemedtobeexcitedaboutit.WhenItoldhertheairwouldbehardtobreatheanditwouldbeverycold,shesaiditwouldbeaninterestingexperience.Iknowmysisterwell.Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.Finally,Ihadtogivein.Severalmonthsbeforeourtrip,WangWeiandIwenttothelibrary.Wefoundalargeatlaswithgoodmapsthatshoweddetailsofworldgeography.FromtheatlaswecouldseethattheMekongRiverbeginsinaglaciertomovequickly.Itbecomesrapidsasitpassesthroughdeepvalleys,travelingacrosswesternYunnanProvince.Sometimestheriverbecomesawaterfallandenterswidevalleys.WewerebothsurprisedtolearnthathalfoftheriverisinChina.AfteritleavesChinaandhighaltitude,theMekongbecomeswide,brownandwarm.AsitentersSoutheastAsia,itspaceslows.Itmakeswidebendsormeandersthroughlowvalleystotheplainswherericegrows.Atlast,theriverdeltaenterstheSouthChinaSea.单词：短语:句型:Unit4ANighttheEarthdidn'tSleepStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastHebei.Forthreedaysthewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.Farmersnoticedthatthewellwallshaddeepcracksinthem.Asmellygascameoutofthecracks.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide.Fishjumpedoutoftheirbowlsandponds.Atabout3:00amonJuly28,1976,somepeoplesawbrightlightsinthesky.ThesoundofplanescouldbeheardoutsidethecityofTangshanevenwhennoplaneswereinthesky.Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthenight.At3:42ameverythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!Elevenkilometersdirectlybelowthecitythegreatestearthquakeofthe20thcenturyhadbegun.ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichismorethantwohundredkilometersaway.One-thirdofthenationfeltit.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.Steamburstfromholesintheground.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.Thesufferingofthepeoplewasextreme.Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledofinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.Buthowcouldthesurvivorsbelieveitwasnatural?Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.Allofthecity'shospitals,75%ofitsfactoriesandbuildingsand90%ofitshomesweregone.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves.Nowind,however,couldblowthemaway.Twodamsfellandmostofthebridgesalsofellorwerenotsafefortraveling.Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesofsteel.Tensofthousandsofcowswouldnevergivemilkagain.Halfamillionpigsandmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereshocked.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Allhopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldiersofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Tothenorthofthecity,mostofthe10,000minerswererescuedfromthecoalminesthere.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybytrain,truckandplane.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.单词：短语:句型:Unit5Elias'StoryMynameisElias.IamapoorblackworkerinSouthAfrica.ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.Iwastwelveyearsold.Itwasin1952andMandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.Heofferedguidancetopoorblackpeopleontheirlegalproblems.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.IneededhishelpbecauseIhadverylittleeducation.Ibeganschoolatsix.TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.Ihadtoleavebecausemyfamilycouldnotcontinuetopaytheschoolfeesandthebusfare.Icouldnotreadorwritewell.Aftertryinghard,Igotajobinagoldmine.However,thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.SadlyIdidnothaveitbecauseIwasnotbornthere,andIworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutofwork.ThedaywhenNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.HetoldmehowtogetthecorrectpaperssoIcouldstayinJohannesburg.Ibecamemorehopefulaboutmyfuture.IneverforgothowkindMandelawas.WhenheorganizedtheANCYouthLeague,IjoineditassoonasIcould.Hesaid:“Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingoutrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.MItwasthetruth.Blackpeoplecouldnotvoteorchoosetheirleaders.Theycouldnotgetthejobstheywanted.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.TheplacesoutsidethetownswheretheyweresenttolivewerethepoorestpartsofSouthAfrica.Noonecouldgrowfoodthere.InfactasNelsonMandelasaid:M...wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportantorfightthegovernment.Wechosetoattackthelaws.Wefirstbrokethelawinawaywhichwaspeaceful;whenthiswasnotallowed...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.MAsamatteroffact,Idonotlikeviolence...butin1963Ihelpedhimblowupsomegovernmentbuildings.ItwasverydangerousbecauseifIwascaughtIcouldbeputinprison.ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.单词：短语:句型:必修二UnitlINSEARCHOFTHEAMBERROOMFrederickWilliamI,theKingofPrussia,couldneverhaveimaginedthathisgreatestgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.ThisgiftwastheAmberRoom,whichwasgiventhisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwereusedtomakeit.Theamberwhichwasselectedhadabeautifulyellow-browncolourlikehoney.Thedesignoftheroomwasinthefancystylepopularinthosedays.Itwasalsoatreasuredecoratedwithgoldandjewels,whichtookthecountry，sbestartistsabouttenyearstomake.Infact,theroomwasnotmadetobeagift.ItwasdesignedforthepalaceofFrederickI.However,thenextKingofPrussia,FrederickWilliamI,towhomtheamberroombelonged,decidednottokeepit.In1716hegaveittoPetertheGreat.Inreturn,theCzarsenthimatroopofhisbestsoldiers.SotheAmberRoombecamepartoftheCzar，swinterpalaceinStPetersburg.Aboutfourmetreslong,theroomservedasasmallreceptionhallforimportantvisitors.Later,CatherineIIhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalaceoutsideStPetersburgwhereshespenthersummers.Shetoldherartiststoaddmoredetailstoit.In1770theroomwascompletedthewayshewanted.Almostsixhundredcandleslittheroom,anditsmirrorsandpicturesshonelikegold.Sadly,althoughtheAmberRoomwasconsideredoneofthewondersoftheworld,itisnowmissing.InSeptember1941,theNaziarmywasnearStPetersburg.Thiswasatimewhenthetwocountrieswereatwar.BeforetheNaziscouldgettothesummerpalace,theRussianswereabletoremovesomefurnitureandsmallartobjectsfromtheAmberRoom.However,someoftheNazissecretlystoletheroomitself.Inlessthantwodays100,000pieceswereputinsidetwenty-sevenwoodenboxes.ThereisnodoubtthattheboxeswerethenputonatrainforKonigsberg,whichwasatthattimeaGermancityontheBalticSea.Afterthat,whathappenedtotheAmberRoomremainsamystery.Recently,theRussiansand