《机械工程专业英语》测试题(18-22)含答案

《机械工程专业英语》测验题(18-22)一、将下列词组译成汉语1.thebasecircle（基圆）2.thepitchcurve（啮合曲线）3.thecontactforce（接触力）4.theintermittentmotion（间歇运动）5.thecommonnormal（公法线）6.theconjugateprofiles（共轭齿廓）7.thecycloidalprofiles（摆线齿形）8.theinvoluteprofiles（渐开线齿形）9.thespurgear（直齿轮）10.theherringbonegears（双螺旋齿轮）11.thefacegear（端面齿轮）12.theradialdistance（径向距离）13.theaddendumcircle（齿顶圆）14.Thetooththickness（齿厚）15.thetoothspace（齿间隙）16.thecapscrews（螺钉）17.thesetscrews（固定螺丝钉）18.theengineeringgraphics（工程力学）19.mechanicaldesign（机械设计）20.theinstallationtechniques（安装技术）21.theboltedjoint（螺栓连接）22.thehardenedwashers（强化垫圈）23.thefatigueresistance（抗疲劳强度）24.themodulusofelasticity（弹性模量）25.theantifrictionbearing（减摩轴承）26.therollingbearing（滚动轴承）27.therollingcontact（滚动接触）28.theslidingcontact（滑动触电）29.thecorrosionresistance（抗腐蚀性）30.themachiningtolerances（加工公差）31.thefatigueloading（疲劳载荷）32.theradialloads（径向负荷）33.thethrustloads逆负荷34.theballbearing球轴承35.therollerbearing滚子轴承36.thesingle-rowbearings单沟轴承37.thedouble-rowbearing双沟轴承38.theneedlebearing滚针轴承39.thebearinglife轴承寿命40.Theratinglife额定寿命41.theaxisofrotation旋转轴42.Thehelixangle螺旋角43.aright-handhelix右旋44.aleft-handhelix左旋45.aninvolutehelicoids螺旋面46.aninvolutecurve渐开线47.theshaftcenterlines轴中心线48.wormgear蜗轮49.thehypoidgear准双曲面齿轮50.rightangle直角51.wormgearing蜗杆传动52.theleadangle导角53.shaftangle轴线角度54.bendingload弯曲载荷55.tensionload张力负荷56.compressionload压缩负载57.torsionalload扭转负荷58.thebendingmoment弯矩59.thebendingstress弯曲应力60.theshotpeening喷丸法61.theactuatingforce工作力62.thecoefficientoffriction摩擦系数63.Anelectromagneticcoil电磁线圈64.themagneticcircuit磁路二、将下列短语译成汉语1.diskorplatetranslating(two-dimensionalorplanar)盘形传动凸轮（两维的，即平面的）2.cylindrical(three-dimensionalorspatial)cams圆柱形凸轮（三维的，即空间的）机构3.aradial(in-line)translatingrollerfollower一个对心直动滚子从动件4.aconstantangularvelocityratio旋转角速度的比例5.aconstanttorqueratio一个恒转矩比6.Nonlinearangularvelocityratios非线性角速度比率7.theparallelhelicalgear平行斜齿轮8.thecrossedhelicalgear交叉斜齿轮9.thestraightbevelgear直锥齿轮10.thespiralbevelgear弧齿锥齿轮11.theskewbevelgear大角度斜交锥齿轮12.thehexagonheadscrews六角头螺钉13.thefillisterheadscrews槽头螺钉14.theflatheadscrews平头螺钉15.thehexagonsocketheadscrews内六角沉头螺钉。16.theexternaltensileload外部拉伸载荷17.theexternalshearload外部剪切负荷18.Thesingle-rowdeep-groovebearing单列深沟轴承19.Theangular-contactbearing角接触轴承20.theself-aligningbearings自动调心轴承21.thestraightrollerbearings直滚子轴承22.thespherical-rollerthrustbearing球形辊止推轴承23.thetaperedrollerbearings圆锥滚子轴承24.theconditionofstaticalequilibrium浅析条件下平衡25.thepositive-contactclutches强制接触离合器26.theoverload-releaseclutches超载释放保护离合器27.theoverrunningclutches超越离合器28.themagneticfluidclutches磁流变离合器三、将下列单词译成汉语1.cam凸轮2.camshaft凸轮轴3.accuracy精度4.dependability可靠性5.pulley滑轮6.flywheel飞轮7.crank曲柄8.sprocket链轮9.axle心轴10.spindle主轴11.clutche离合器12.brake制动四．翻译下列句子1．Althoughacamandfollowermaybedesignedformotion,path,orfunctiongeneration,themajorityofapplicationsutilizethecamandfollowerforfunctiongeneration.虽然可以把凸轮和它的从动件设计为用于运动变换，路径变换或者函数变换，但大多数用途是利用凸轮和它的从动件做函数变换。2.Inthecaseofadiskcamwitharadial(in-line)translatingrollerfollowerthesmallestcirclethatcanbedrawntangenttothecamsurfaceandconcentricwiththecamshaftisthebasecircle.对于一个对心直动滚子从动件盘形凸轮，可画出的与凸轮表面相切且与轮轴同心的最小圆是基圆译文P40[1]3.Numerousapplicationsinautomaticmachineryrequireintermittentmotion.Atypicalexamplewillcallforarise-dwell-returnandperhapsanotherdwellperiodofaspecifiednumberofdegreeseach,togetherwitharequiredfollowerdisplacementmeasuredincentimetersordegrees.在自动化机械中的许多应用需要间歇运动。一个典型的例子将要求一个含有上升一停歇一返回和可能另一个停歇的周期，每阶段经过一个指定的角度，伴随着一个所要求的从动件的位移，这个位移以厘米或度来度量。译文P40[2]4．Anytwomatingtoothprofilesthatsatisfythefundamentallawofgearingarecalledconjugateprofiles.任何满足齿轮传动基本定律的一对相互啮合齿廓称之为共轭齿廓。5.Althoughtherearemanytoothshapespossibleinwhichamatingtoothcouldbedesignedtosatisfythefundamentallaw,onlytwoareingeneraluse:thecycloidalandinvoluteprofiles.虽然可以设计出有很多齿廓来满足传动装置的基本定律，但通常所使用的只有两种：即摆线齿廓和渐开线齿廓。6.Typicalmethodsoffasteningandjoiningpartsincludetheuseofsuchitemsasbolts,nuts,capscrews,setscrews,rivets,lockingdevicesandkeys.紧固和联结零部件的典型方法包含使用这些零件：螺栓，螺母，有头螺钉、定位螺钉，铆钉，锁紧装置和键。7.Methodsofjoiningpartsareextremelyimportantintheengineeringofaqualitydesign,anditisnecessarytohaveathoroughunderstandingoftheperformanceoffastenersandjointsunderallconditionsofuseanddesign.在质量设计工程中，联结零部件的方法非常重要，因此，彻底了解紧固零件和联结零件在所有使用和设计条件下的性能是非常必要的。8.Whenaconnectionisdesiredwhichcanbedisassembledwithoutdestructingthepartsassembledandwhichisstrongenoughtoresistbothexternaltensileloadandshearload,oracombinationofthese,thenthesimpleboltedjointusinghardenedwashersisagoodsolution.当想要一个可以被拆开又不破坏被联接零件的联接时，而且这个联接又要有足够的强度以承受外拉力和剪力或这两种力的结合，使用淬火垫圈的简单螺栓联结是一个很好的方法。译文P43[2]9.Theproblemofthespecialistinmechanicaldesignisnothowtodesignarollingbearingbut,rather,howtoselectone.在机械设计中，专家所面临的问题，不是如何设计轴承，而是如何挑选轴承。10.Thetermantifrictionbearingisusedtodescribethatclassofbearinginwhichthemainloadistransferredthroughelementsinrollingcontactratherthaninslidingcontact.减摩轴承这个词被用于描述这样一类轴承，其主要载荷是通过滚动接触而不是滑动接触的元件传递的．11.Itisthisgradualengagementoftheteethandthesmoothtransferofloadfromonetoothtoanother,whichgivehelicalgearstheabilitytotransmitheavyloadsathighspeeds．正是螺旋齿轮，从一个齿到另一个齿的逐渐啮合和载荷的平稳传递，给了螺旋齿轮在高速下传递重载荷的能力．12.Ashaftisarotatingorstationarymember,usuallyofcircularcrosssection,havingmounteduponitsuchelementsasgears,pulleys,flywheels,cranks,sprockets,andotherpower-transmissionelements.轴是一个固定或转动的零件，通常是圆截面的，在它上面安装了如齿轮，带轮，飞轮，曲柄，链轮等零件和其他动力传递零件．13.Roughing,forwhichthemetalremovalrate,andconsequentlythecuttingforce,ishigh,buttherequireddimensionalaccuracyrelativelylow.粗加工，通常金属切削率和切削力高，但所要求的尺寸精度相对低。14.Machinesusingbasicallythesingle-pointcuttingtoolsinclude:(1)enginelathes,(2)turretlathes,(3)tracingandduplicatinglathes,(4)single-spindleautomaticlathes,(5)multi-spindleautomaticlathes,(6)shapersandplaners,(7)boringmachines.使用单刃切削刀具的机床主要包括：(1)普通车床，(2)六角车床，(3)仿形车床，(4)单轴自动车床，(5)多轴自动车床，(6)牛头刨床和龙门刨床,(7)镗床。15.Uprightdrillingmachinesordrillpressesareavailableinavarietyofsizesandtypes,andareequippedwithasufficientrangeofspindlespeedsandautomaticfeedstofittheneedsofmostindustries.立式钻床或钻孔压力机，具有各种各样的尺寸和类型，为了适合大多数工业的需求，这些机床都装配有充足的轴速范围和自动进给量。16.Chemicalmillingiscontrolledetchingprocessusingstrongalkalineoracidetchants.Aluminum,titanium,magnesium,andsteelaretheprincipalmetalsprocessedbythismethod.化学蚀刻，通过使用强碱或强酸蚀刻剂来控制蚀刻过程，铝，钛，镁和钢是用这种方法处理的主要金属。17.Antifrictionbearingsareusedinagreatvarietyofproducts,toys,householdproducts,refrigerators,rollerstakes,garagedoors,trucks,industrialmachinery,dentalequipmentsandguidedmissiles,forexample.减摩轴承使用在各种各样的产品中，例如：玩具，家用产品，电冰箱，轧辊座，汽车门，卡车，工业机械，牙医设备和导弹等等。18.Theimportantdifferencebetweenthetwoisthatareacontactexistsbetweentheteethofdouble-envelopinggearswhileonlylinecontactbetweenthoseofsingle-envelopinggears.这两者之间的重要区别是：在双包围蜗轮组的轮齿间有面接触，而在单包围蜗轮组的轮齿间只有线接触。19.Althoughpositiveclutchesarenotusedtotheextentofthefrictional-contacttype,theydohaveimportantapplications[3]wheresynchronousoperationisrequired.虽然强制接触离合器不像摩擦离合器用得那么广泛，但在需要同步操作时，它们确实有着非常重要的应用。20.Finishing,forwhichthemetalremovalrate,andconsequentlythecuttingforce,islow,buttherequireddimensionalaccuracyandsurfacefinishrelativelyhigh.精加工，通常金属切削率和切削力低，但所要求的尺寸精度和表面光洁度相对高。21.Machinesusingmultipointcuttingtoolsinclude:(1)drillingmachines,(2)millingmachines,(3)broachingmachines,(4)sawingmachines,(5)gear-cuttingmachines.使用多刃切削刀具的机床包括：(1)钻床，(2)铣床，(3)拉床，(4)锯床，(5)齿轮切削机床。22.Tracermillingischaracterizedbycoordinatedorsynchronizedmovementsofeitherthepathsofthecutterandtracingelements,orthepathsoftheworkpieceandmodel.仿形铣床的特点是刀具和跟踪元件的轨迹运动的协调或同步，或者是工件和模型的轨迹运动的协调或同步。23.Theproblemofthespecialistinmechanicaldesignisnothowtodesignarollingbearingbut,rather,howtoselectone.在机械设计中，专家所面临的问题，不是如何设计轴承，而是如何挑选轴承。24.Theultrasonicmachiningprocessisappliedtobothconductingandnon-conductingmaterial,andreliesentirelyuponabrasiveactionformetalremoval.超声波加工工艺既应用于导体材料，也用于非导体材料，并且完全依赖于磨损作用进行金属切削。五．翻译下列短文1.Numerousapplicationsinautomaticmachineryrequireintermittentmotion.Atypicalexamplewillcallforarise-dwell-returnandperhapsanotherdwellperiodofaspecifiednumberofdegreeseach,togetherwitharequiredfollowerdisplacementmeasuredincentimetersordegrees.[2]Thedesigner'sjobistolayoutthecamaccordingly.Thefirstdecisiontobemadeistochoosethecamfollowertype.Thespecifiedapplicationmaydictatethecombinationofthecamandfollower.Somefactorsthatshouldenterintothedecisionare:geometricconsiderations,dynamicconsiderations,environmentalconsiderationsandeconomicmatters.Onceatypeofcamandfollowerpairhasbeenselected,thefollowermotionmustbechosen.Therefore,thevelocity,acceleration,andinsomecasesfurtherderivativ