外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习34：选择性必修3 Unit 4　A glimpse of the future(含解析)

课时质量评价(三十四)选择性必修第三册Unit4AglimpseofthefutureA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空A(2021·湘赣十四校联考)Closeto70percentoftheworld'spopulationwillliveincitiesbytheyear2050.Expertswarnthatpopulation1.________(grow)willworsenhousingcrisesinsomeareas.Largecitiesaroundtheworldalreadystrugglewithhousingproblems.Insomeneighbourhoods,risinghousepriceshaveforced2.________verypoorawayfromtheirhomes.Manypoorpeoplenowliveinsheltersoronthestreets.People3.________(move)tolargecitiesnownotjustforhigh­payingjobs.Manyarealsolookingforthechancetoliveandworkwithotherpeople,careeradvancementandaccesstomuch4.________(good)resources.Somecountrieshavebuiltnewcapitalcities5.________(help)ease(缓解)overcrowding.Theseeffortshelp,butdonotsolvetheproblem.Thereportsaysthatby2030,theworldwillhavehad43verylarge6.________(city),eachwithmorethan10millionpeople.TjadaMcKenna,7.________ischiefoperatingofficerforanaidgroup,saysthattheabilitytoownahomeinmanycountriesisoftendifficult,8.________(especial)forwomenandminoritygroups.Everycityisdifferentin9.________(deal)withdevelopmentproblems.Eachonehasitsowneconomicforcesatworkanditsownhistory.Expertssaythatanswers10.________thehousingcrisisandotherproblemsmustbedevelopedcitybycity.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。到21世纪中叶，更多的人可能会居住在城市。专家警告说，这种人口增长将会加剧某些地区的住房危机。1.growth考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子主语，因此应用名词形式，grow的名词为growth。故填growth。2.the考查冠词。此处指“穷人”，可用the＋adj.指代一类人。故填the。3.aremoving考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，此处是句子的谓语动词，根据now判断为现在进行时，主语People是复数。故填aremoving。4.better考查形容词的比较级。句中resources是名词，应用形容词修饰，再根据much判断此处用比较级。故填better。5.tohelp考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，此处用非谓语动词，再联系句意，此处表目的，故用不定式。故填tohelp。6.cities考查名词的单复数。句中city是可数名词，根据空格之前的43可知此处用复数形式。故填cities。7.who考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，故用关系代词，先行词TjadaMcKenna指人，故用关系代词who。故填who。8.especially考查副词。提示词修饰介词短语“forwomenandminoritygroups”，故用副词形式。故填especially。9.dealing考查动名词。句中in为介词，其后接动名词作宾语。故填dealing。10.to考查固定搭配。根据固定搭配answertothequestion/problem(问题的答案)可知，此处用介词to。故填to。BTheBeijingDaxingInternationalAirport(BDIA)was1.________(formal)openedonSept.25,2019.Locatedaround46kmsouthofTian'anmenSquare,itwasdesignedbyfamedarchitectZahaHadid.BDIAwaslisted2.________thefirstofthe“sevenwondersofthemodernworldnearcompletion”byTheGuardianThenewairportcomplex,consistingofamainterminal,asupportingservicebuildingandaparkinglot,3.________(cover)anareaofabout1.4millionsquaremetres.Thestarfishdesignisextremelyspaceefficient,with4.________journeyofjust600metresfromsecuritytothefurthestgate.5.________couldbethemostexpectedinnovationatBDIAisitsartificialintelligence.Theairport6.________(set)upmorethan400self­servicecheck­inmachinesalready,whichcan7.________(short)passengers'waitingtimetoabout10minutes.Travellerscanbescannedoncameras8.________(use)facialrecognition.Counterscanbefullyautomatedtocapture(抓拍)facephotosandrelay9.________(they)duringeachpartofthejourneythroughtheairport,includingsecurityandthedeparturegate.TheDaxingAirport—saidtobetheworld'slargestterminalinasinglebuilding—isexpected10.________(receive)alargeamountof170millionpassengersby2025.Itwillbecomeanewtransporthubforthegreater【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京大兴国际机场的相关信息。1.formally考查副词。根据后面的动词“opened”可知，此处应用副词修饰动词opened。故填formally。2.as考查介词。belistedas是固定短语，意为“被列为，被记录”。故填as。3.covers考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，前面有非谓语动词consisting，该句缺少谓语动词，且主语“Thenewairportcomplex”是单数，所以此处应用covers。故填covers。4.a考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处泛指“一次行程”，且journey以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。5.What考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句中谓语动词is前面的是主语，所以空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，应用what引导。故填What。6.hasset考查动词的时态。already是现在完成时的标志性词，表明某件事情已经完成，所以此处应用现在完成时。故填hasset。7.shorten考查动词。助动词can后接动词原形，所以此处应用动词形式shorten。故填shorten。8.using考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词，动词use与其逻辑主语travellers之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填using。9.them考查代词。动词relay后接代词的宾格形式，所以此处用them。故填them。10.toreceive考查动词不定式。expecttodosth.是固定搭配，意为“期望做某事”。故填toreceive。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.尽管她是个女孩子，却喜欢和男孩子一起玩。(though引导的让步状语从句)Girlthoughsheis,shelikestoplaywithboys.2.越来越多的孩子让手机控制了他们的生活，这令人担忧。(get＋宾语＋宾补)Moreandmorechildrengettheirlifecontrolledbyphones,whichisworrying.3.尽管他很不情愿，但他别无选择只能走回家。(while引导的让步状语从句)Whilehewasunwilling,hehadnochoicebuttowalkhome.4.多亏了人工智能，我可以有更多的时间陪孩子。(thanksto...)Thankstoartificialintelligence,Icanhavemoretimetoaccompanymychild.5.说的和做的要一致。(consistent)Actionsmustbeconsistentwithwords.B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解Wehaveheardsomeinterestingwaysthat5Gwirelesstechnologymightchangeourlivesinthefuture.5G,shortforthe5thgenerationmobilecommunicationtechnology,promisesInternetspeedsbetween50and100timesfasterthancurrent4Gsystems.While5GissettobeusedinsomelimitedareasofAmericathisyear,muchoftheworldisnotexpectedtoreceivewidelyavailableserviceuntil2023.OneprojectinBritain,however,isalreadytestingthissuperfasttechnologyonanunlikelygroupofInternetusers－cows.TheprojectwasdevelopedbyAmericantechnologycompanyCiscoSystems.ItalsoreceivesmoneyfromtheBritishgovernment.Ciscosaystheprogrammeseekstoexplorethefutureof5Gconnectivityinruralareasaroundtheworld.TestingareasweresetupatfarmsinthreeruralareasofEngland.Thecowsareequippedwith5G­connecteddevices(装置)thatlinkuptoaroboticmilkingsystem,whichusessensorsandmachinelearningtofullyautomatetheprocess.Systemdesignerssaytechnologytakesoverafteracowfeelsreadytobemilkedandwalkstowardsanautomaticgate.Thedeviceisdesignedtorecogniseeachindividualcow.Itthenpositionsequipmenttotherightbodypositionformilking.Duringtheprocess,Other5Gtechnologytoolsincludeautomatedbrushesthatturnonwhenthecowrubsupagainstthem.Sensorsalsocontroltheamountoflighttothecows'livingareasdependingontheweather.And,anautomaticfeedingsystemmakessuretheanimalsalwaysgetenoughtoeat.DuncanForbes,headoftheproject,toldReutersthattheprojectshowsthefarm'scowoperationscanbegreatlyimprovedwith5Gtechnologyandthattheexperimentprovidesstrongevidencethat5Gtechnologycanbewidelyusedinthefuture,notjustonfarmsinBritain,butinruralcommunitiesacrosstheworld.1.WhatisthepurposeofCiscoSystems'programme?A.TowinfinancialsupportfromtheBritishgovernment.B.Totesttheeffectsof5Gtechnologyonanimals.C.TopromoteitstechnologicaldevelopmentinBritain.D.Toexpandthefutureuseof5Ginruralcommunities.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph3referto?A.Theproject.B.Thecompany.C.Thetechnology.D.Thegroup.3.Whatcanwelearnabout5Gaccordingtothetext?A.Itisnoworsethan4Gintermsofspeed.B.Itisalreadywidelyavailableintheworld.C.Itenablescowstocontroltheirownmilking.D.Itisbasedonsensorsandmachinelearning.4.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Entertainment.B.Lifestyle.C.Education.D.Technology.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。美国思科公司在一个项目中将5G技术应用于奶牛身上来实现挤奶的自动化。1.D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Ciscosaystheprogrammeseekstoexplorethefutureof5Gconnectivityinruralareasaroundtheworld.”可知，该项目旨在探索全球农村地区5G连接的未来。也就是该项目是为了扩大未来5G在农村地区的使用。故选D。2.A代词指代题。根据第三段中的“TheprojectwasdevelopedbyAmericantechnologycompanyCiscoSystems.ItalsoreceivesmoneyfromtheBritishgovernment.”可知，这里的“it”指的就是上文中的“Theproject”，故选A。3.C推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Thecowsareequippedwith5G­connecteddevices(装置)thatlinkuptoaroboticmilkingsystem...therightbodypositionformilking.Duringtheprocess,machinesreleasefoodforthecowasareward.”可判断出5G可以通过连接装置让奶牛自己控制挤奶。故选C。4.D文章出处题。本文主要讲的是将5G技术应用于奶牛身上，实现挤奶的自动化，由此推断这篇文章属于科学技术板块。故选D。Ⅱ.阅读七选五WhyIsSortingImportantWhenRecycling?Weallagreethatweshouldrecyclemoreathome,intheofficeorwhenoutandabout.1Consequently,theycanbecollectedandtakentotherightplaceforrecycling.Thisiswhattheprocessofsortingallowsustodo.2Andtheeffectivesortingneedstohappenfirst,inourownhomeandsecond,insortingplantstowhichwasteiscollected.Whenyouputaplasticbottleintherightrecyclingbagorbin,youarehelpingsortrecyclablessothattherightmaterialcanbefedintotherightrecyclingprocess.Ifsortingdoesnothappen,alotofrecyclablematerialscanendupinlandfills.Itwillleadtovaluableresourceslostfromoureconomy.3Forinstance,inBrussels,consumersputplasticpackaging,cansandbeveragecartonsinbluebagsdesignedforrecyclablepackaging;paperinyellowbagsforrecycling;andglassneedstobetakentospecificcollectionbins.Somewhatdifferently,inVienna(Austria),citizenscanexpecttheirpaper,metal,glassandplastictobeseparatelycollectedindifferentweeksoftheyear.4．Oncerecyclablematerialsarecollectedfromyourhome,theyarefurthersortedinspecialisedfacilitieswhichensurethequalityoftherecyclingprocess.5Traditionally,sortinghasbeendoneeithermanuallywithworkerssortingwhatcanberecycledandpickingoutthematerialstobediscardedormechanically.Today,however,newsortingtechnologiesarebeingdevelopedinordertospeeduptheprocessofsortingbutalsotocausebetterresults.Excitingtechnologiesusingmagnetsoropticalsystemsarebeingusedtoeffectivelysortmaterialssomoreofitcanberecycled.A.Foreffectiverecyclingweneedeffectivesorting.B.Packagingatworkisthefirststeptowardsrecycling.C.Thisiswheredifferentsortingtechniquescomeintoplay.D.Socitizensneedtobeawareoftheirlocalcollectionsystem.E.Collectionsystemscanbeverydifferentfromcountrytocountry.F.Therestwaslandfilledorburnedeventhoughtheycouldhavebeenrecycledorreused.G.Butformaterialstoberecycled,theyfirstneedtofindtheirwaytotherightwastestream.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在环保方面垃圾回收分类的重要性及如何具体分类。1.G根据上文“Weallagreethatweshouldrecyclemoreathome,intheofficeorwhenoutandabout.”及下文“Consequently,theycanbecollectedandtakentotherightplaceforrecycling.”可知，我们都赞同多回收垃圾，但是要回收材料，首先需要找到正确的废物来源。故选G。2.A根据下文“Andtheeffectivesortingneedstohappenfirst,inourownhomeandsecond,insortingplantstowhichwasteiscollected.”可知，本段在讲述垃圾如何分类。故选A。3.E根据下文“Forinstance,inBrussels,consumersputplasticpackaging,cansandbeveragecartonsinbluebagsdesignedforrecyclablepackaging;paperinyellowbagsforrecycling;andglassneedstobetakentospecificcollectionbins.”可知，此处列举了布鲁塞尔、维也纳等地的不同收集方法，也就是说不同国家的收集系统可能非常不同。故选E。4.D根据上文“Somewhatdifferently,inVienna(Austria),citizenscanexpecttheirpaper,metal,glassandplastictobeseparatelycollectedindifferentweeksoftheyear.”可知，不同国家的收集系统可能非常不同，因此人们需要了解自己当地的收集系统。故选D。5.C根据上文“Oncerecyclablematerialsarecollectedfromyourhome,theyarefurthersortedinspecialisedfacilitieswhichensurethequalityoftherecyclingprocess.”及下文“Traditionally,sortinghasbeendoneeithermanuallywithworkerssortingwhatcanberecycledandpickingoutthematerialstobediscardedormechanically.”可知，在专门的设施里，不同分类技术发挥各自的作用。故选C。Ⅲ.完形填空Thevictimswerecarriedinonebyone,theirpawsandfurburned,sufferingfromdehydration(脱水)andfear.Theircaretakers1theirwounds,and2theminbasketswiththeonlythingthatwas3—theleavesofeucalyptus(桉树)tree.Asmiserablefireshave4morethan2millionacresinAustralia,onlydozensofkoalashavebeen5fromthesmokytreesand6ground.Koalas,unlikekangaroos,birdsorsnakes,donot7fromfiresbutinsteadclimbtreestothetop,wheretheycancurlthemselvesintoaballfor8andwaitforthedangerto9．Butduringbigfiressuchasthosethathaveburnedinrecentweeks,theanimalsarefarlesslikelyto10.Evenifthefireitselfdoesnotreachthetree11，theanimalsmayoverheatandfalltotheground,wheretheycanbeburnedtodeath.Thetoughsituationofthekoalahasraised12amongscientistsandconservationists(环保主义者).Whilekoalashavedevelopedtoexistalongsidethewildfires,theyarefacingnew13，notjustfromclimatechangebutalsofromhumandevelopment,whichhasdislocated(扰乱)koalas'populations,14theirabilitytosurvivefires.Wehavethese15animalsnotfoundanywhereelseonthisplanet,andwearekillingthem.Thisisabigwake­upcall.1.A.touched B.treated C.ignored D.discovered2.A.threw