(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 必修第1册　Unit 4　Natural Disasters (含答案)

教材词汇要记牢Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认1．tornadon．(pl.-oesor-os)龙卷风；旋风2．droughtn．旱灾；久旱3．landsliden．(landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡4．tsunamin．海啸5．magnituden．(地)震级；重大6．evacuatevt.疏散；撤出vi.撤离7．helicoptern．直升机8．crackn．裂纹；裂缝vi.&vt.(使)破裂9．brickn．砖；砖块10．metaln．金属11．revivevt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒12．revivaln．振兴；复苏13．unifyvi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体14．volcanon．(pl.-oesor-os)火山15．typhoonn．台风16．hurricanen．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风17．whistlevi.吹口哨；发出笛声vt.吹口哨n．哨子(声)；呼啸声18．summaryn．总结；概括；概要Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写1．disastern．灾难；灾害2．slidevi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑动3．floodn．洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没4．rescuen．&vt.营救；救援5．damagevt.损害；破坏n．损坏；损失6．destroyvt.摧毁；毁灭7．sheltern．避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)8．ruinn．&vt.破坏；毁坏9．percentn．百分之……adj.&adv.每一百中10．trapvt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n．险境；陷阱11．buryvt.埋葬；安葬12．effortn．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力13．contextn．上下文；语境；背景14．supplyn．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供给15．tapvi.&vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲16．pipen．管子；管道17．calmadj.镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静18．aidn．援助；帮助；救援物资vi.&vt.(formal)帮助；援助19．crashvt.&vi.碰撞；撞击n．撞车；碰撞20．sweepvt.&vi.(swept，swept)打扫；清扫21．waven．海浪；波浪vi.&vt.挥手；招手22．strikevi.&vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打n．罢工；罢课；袭击Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变1．deathn．死；死亡→deadadj.死的→deadlyadj.致命的→diev．死亡2．affectvt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→effectn．效果；影响→effectiveadj.有效的→affectionn．喜欢；喜爱；感情3．shockn．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→shockingadj.令人震惊的→shockedadj.感到震惊的4．electricityn．电；电能→electricadj.电的；用电的→electronicadj.电子的5．breathevi.&vt.呼吸→breathn．呼吸→breathlessadj.气喘吁吁的6．wisdomn．智慧；才智→wiseadj.明智的→unwiseadj.不明智的7．suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→sufferingn．受难；苦楚8．eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruptionn．喷发9．survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→survivaln．幸存；生还→survivorn．幸存者；生还者10．emergencyn．突发事件；紧急情况→emergentadj.紧急的→emergevi.浮现；出现11．delivervt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表→deliveryn．投递；送交12．lengthn．长；长度→longadj.长的→lengthenv．(使)变长Ⅳ.核心短语1．volcaniceruption火山喷发2．asif似乎；好像；仿佛3．inruins严重受损；破败不堪4．inshock震惊；吃惊5．intheopenair露天；在户外6．firstaidkit急救箱7．onhand现有(尤指帮助)8．sweepaway消灭；彻底消除高频词汇来助力1．ambulancen．救护车2．ancientadj.古代的3．anniversaryn．周年纪念日4．annualadj.每年的5．antiquen．古董，古玩6．apartmentn．公寓7．apparentadj.表面上的；明显的经典句式需悟通1．Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。2．Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.地震刚刚过去，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。3．Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsiayesterday，killingmorethan6,500peopleinIndonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，andatleastfourothercountries.过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6,500多人死亡。4．Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。5．However，dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.然而，危险的状况以及受损的道路将会使得运送食物和物资变得困难。Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共5分)1．droughtn．旱灾；久旱2．evacuatevt.疏散；撤出vi.撤离3．revivevt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒4．whistlevi.吹口哨n．哨子(声)5．summaryn．总结；概要Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共20分)6．disastern．灾难；灾害7．floodn．洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没8．rescuen．&vt.营救；救援9．destroyvt.摧毁；毁灭10．sheltern．避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)11．effortn．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力12．emergencyn．突发事件；紧急情况13．suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦14．supplyn．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供给15．strikevi.&vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打n．罢工；罢课；袭击Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共14分)16．deathn．死；死亡→deadadj.死的→deadlyadj.致命的→dievi.死亡17．affectvt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→effectn．效果；影响→effectiveadj.有效的→affectionn．喜欢；喜爱；感情18．breathevi.&vt.呼吸→breathn．呼吸→breathlessadj.气喘吁吁的19．eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruptionn．喷发20．survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→survivaln．幸存；生还→survivorn．幸存者；生还者21．delivervt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表→deliveryn．投递；送交22．lengthn．长；长度→longadj.长的→lengthenv．(使)变长Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)23．antiquen．古董，古玩24．ambulancen．救护车25．ancientadj.古代的26．anniversaryn．周年纪念日27．apparentadj.表面上的；明显的Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共16分)28．volcaniceruption火山喷发29．asif似乎；好像；仿佛30．inruins严重受损；破败不堪31．inshock震惊；吃惊32．intheopenair露天；在户外33．firstaidkit急救箱34．onhand现有(尤指帮助)35．sweepaway消灭；彻底消除Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)1．Thebravefirefighterrescuedthreechildrenfromtheburninghouseyesterday.2．Theoldfarmerwasveryupsetbecausethestonescausedgreatdamagetohiswheat.3．Someparentsarejustsoprotectivethattheywanttosheltertheirkidsfromeverykindofdangerrealorimagined.4．Shehasbeensufferingfromthelossofmemorysinceshehadthatcaraccident.5．Hisskillindealingwithemergency(突发事件)hasearnedhimareputation.6．Weshouldrecognizeourchildren’sefforts(努力)topushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal.7．Thefrequentnaturaldisasters(灾难)havebroughtpeopleintheareamorethan$4millionworthofdamage.8．Thesupplies(供应品)whichareprovidedtothedisasterareawillbecollectedfromaroundthecountry.Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)9．Peoplewereshockedtoseethatthelittlegirlwasoftenbeatenbyherstepmother.Theshockingnewsshockedallthepeoplearound.(shock)10．Buried(bury)inhergraduationpaper，Maryhasnotimetodoapart-timejob.11．Wemeasuredthelengthofthelivingroomandfounditwas6.3meterslong.(long)12．Withthegovernment’said，thoseaffected(affect)bytheearthquakehavemovedtonewshelters.13．Masteringsomebasicskillswouldgreatlyincreaseyourchancesofsurvival.Thankstotheswimmingskills，heandhisfriendsucceededinsurvivingtheterriblefloodandtheyweretheonlytwosurvivors.(survive)14．Bothofthewaysareeffective(effect)andwhichonetochooseisreallyamatterofpersonalpreference.15．Thedeadlydiseasehasaffectedmanypeopleandhascausedatleast30deathsuptonow.(dead)Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)16．我太焦虑，每天直到很晚才能睡着。EverydayIwastooanxioustofallasleepuntillateintothenight.17．要求想参加此次采摘活动的人明天早晨7点到学校门口集合。amtomorrow.18．大火持续了三天，给当地的居民造成了巨大的损失。Thefirelastedfor3days，causinggreatdamagetothelocals.19．他正在河边散步正在此时他听见了有人喊救命。Hewaswalkingalongtheriverwhenheheardsomeonecryingfor“Help！”．20．但是天开始黑了，这使得我们更难找到回家的路。However，itwasgettingdark，makingitmoredifficulttofindourwayhome.Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元ReadingandThinking部分On28July,1976，onemillionpeopleignoredthestrangethingsthathadbeenhappeninginTangshanandwenttobed1.asusual.At3：42am，astrongearthquake2.whichcouldbefeltinBeijingshookTangshan,3.causing(cause)greatdamagetothecity.Thewholecitylayinruins.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedtherewereinjured，andthenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledor4.badly(bad)injured5.was(be)morethan400,000.Notonlyfactoriesandhomesweredestroyed，butalsoalmostallhospitalswheretheycouldbetreated6.weregone(go)．Peoplewereshocked.7.Tomake(make)mattersworse，anotherearthquakewhichwasas8.strong(strength)asthefirstonestruckTangshanagainlaterthatafternoon.Itseemedasiftheworldwereat9.anend.150,000soldierscametoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomes10.hadbeendestroyed(destroy)．Withjointefforts，thecitybegantobreatheagain.Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元ReadingforWriting部分eq\x(affect，sweepaway，strike，aid，flood，death，deliver，crash)Thetsunamiwhichwascausedbyoneofthemostpowerfulearthquakes1.crashedintocoastlinesacrossAsiaon27December,2004,2.sweepingawaypeoplewithhugewavesandkillingmorethan6,500peopleinsomeAsiancountries.Thequakewhich3.struckaround7：00amkilledatleast1,870peopleinSumatraIslandalone.InSriLanka，thenumberofpeoplewhodiedstoodat2,498with1millionmore4.affected.1,900inIndia,254inThailandand54inthreeothercountrieswerereportedtohavebeenkilled.Manypeoplewerehavingbreakfastwhenwater5.floodedin.Stillthousandsofpeopleweremissingandthenumberof6.deathswasexpectedtogrow.Foreign7.aidwasorganisedbutthe8.deliveryofsupplieswasdifficult.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇affectv.影响；感动；疾病侵袭；使感染先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Thefloodaffected(affect)theareagreatly，destroyinghousesandcausingmanydeaths.(2)MillionsofpeopleintheworldhavebeenaffectedwithCOVID-19.(3)WewereconstantlyaffectedbythestoriesofthosewhodevotedtheirlivestofightingagainstCOVID-19.(4)Moredetailsaboutthemurderhaveabadeffect(affect)onthewholesociety.•beaffectedby受……的影响；被……感动beaffectedwith感染……疾病•effectn．作用；影响haveaneffect/influenceon/upon对……产生影响•affectionn．喜爱再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵(5)Weweredeeplyaffectedbythefilmandcouldn’tholdbacktears.Deeplyaffectedbythefilm，wecouldn’tholdbacktears.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)shockvt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动n．休克；打击；震惊先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Lookingatthehousewhichlayinruinsinshock，hecalled911immediatelytorescuetheinjuredpeoplewhoweretrapped.(2)Allofuswereshockedattheshockingnewsthatmanydeathshadbeencausedbythemountainfire.(shock)(3)Iwasshockedtohear(hear)thenewsthathehadbeenfiredbythecompany.•beashockto...对……而言是一件震惊的事inshock吃惊地，震惊地•shockedadj.感到震惊的beshockedatsth./that...对……感到震惊beshockedtodosth.因做某事而感到震惊•shockingadj.令人震惊的再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵(4)(普通表达)Somanypeoplewereinjuredordiedintheearthquake.Allofuswereshocked.①(高级表达)Whatshockedallofuswasthatsomanypeoplewereinjuredordiedintheearthquake.(用what引导的主语从句改写)②(高级表达)Somanypeoplewereinjuredordiedintheearthquake，whichshockedallofus.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写)buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Afterthevolcaniceruption，manyhouseswereburied(bury)byashes.(2)Thegirlwassittingthere，burying(bury)herfaceinherhands.(3)Sincehiswifeleft，hehasburied(bury)himselfinhisworkinordertoforgetallthingsabouther.burysth.in...把某物埋在……buryoneselfin＝beburiedin埋头于，专心于再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵(4)由于埋头于功课，他对外面的事情一无所知。①Buryinghimselfinhislessons，heknewnothingabouttheoutsideworld.(现在分词短语作状语)②Buriedinhislessons，heknewnothingabouttheoutsideworld.(过去分词短语作状语)survivevi.&vt.幸免；幸存；活下来；生还；比……活得长先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Thelocalgovernmentsmadegreateffortstobuildsheltersforpeoplewhosurvived(survive)thehurricane.(2)BaptisteDubanchetisbikingacrossEurope，survivingentirelyondiscarded(丢弃的)food.(2019·浙江)(3)AsfarasIknow，theoldladysurvivedherhusbandby5years.(4)Ifhecouldn’tfindhiswayoutoftheforest，therewouldbelittlechanceofsurvival(survive)．(5)Theplanecrashedinanareaofdensejungle.Therewerenosurvivors(survive)．•survivesth.幸免于；从……中活过来surviveon靠……存活下来AsurviveB(by＋时间)A比B活得长(……)•survivorn．幸存者•survivaln．幸存；生还再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(6)生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(续写升华)Lifeisn’tabouthowtosurvivethestorm；it’saboutlearningtodanceintherain.suffervt.&vi.受苦；遭受；经历先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Peopleofthedisasterareasufferedalotfromthetyphoon，andwatersuppliesandelectricitywerehardtoget.(2)DroughtcontinuestoannoymanypartsofChina，withtensofthousandssuffering(suffer)watershortagesandmillionsofothersaffected.•sufferfrom遭受……折磨；患……病•sufferingn.受苦，遭难；苦楚，苦难•sufferern.受害者；患者再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(3)生活中总有一些起起伏伏，但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。(强调句)(续写升华)Therearealwayssomeupsanddownsinourlife，butitisthesufferingsthatmakeusstronger.strikevt.&vi.击打；罢工；时钟等敲响；擦火柴；撞击；侵袭；给某人以……印象；突然想起先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Thewavesstruck(strike)thebeachconstantlyandsweptawaytheirfootprints.(2)Struck(strike)bythebeautyoftheWestLake，westoppedtoadmireit.(3)Theworkersarecomingoutonstrikeforhigherwages.(4)ItsuddenlystruckmethatIwouldhaveanimportantmeetinginShanghaithenextday.•bestruckwith/by被……所袭击(感动)Itstrikessb.that...某人觉得……；某人突然想起……sth.strikesb.(＝sb.strikeonsth.)某人想到……•beonstrike在罢工goonstrike举行罢工•表示“突然想到”的单词还有hit，occur。再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵(5)John突然想起，他们可以帮助Bernard为他的爆米花做广告。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)①ItstruckJohnthattheycouldhelpBernardadvertisehispopcorn.(strike)②IthitJohnthattheycouldhelpBernardadvertisehispopcorn.(hit)③ItoccurredtoJohnthattheycouldhelpBernardadvertisehispopcorn.(occur)inruins严重受损；破败不堪先练基础——单句语法填空(1)90percentofhouseslayinruinsafterthelandslideandhelicopterswereusedtoevacuatepeoplelivingthere.(2)WevisitedtheruinsoftheSummerPalacelastwinter.Itwasruinedbyforeigninvaders.(ruin)ruinn.废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产be/lieinruins成为废墟；毁灭fall/comeintoruin成为废墟；毁灭ruinone’shope/health毁掉某人的希望/健康再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵(3)Theheavyrainlastedtwoweeks，whichcompletelyruinedourholiday.Theheavyrainlastedtwoweeks，completelyruiningourholiday.(用非谓语动词作状语改写)asif/asthough仿佛；好像先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Listen，thewhistleofanambulance!Itseemsasifthereis(be)anemergency.(2)Whenapencilispartlyputintowater，itlooksasifitwere(be)broken.(3)Theteacherjuststaredatmeasifhehadknown(know)everythingabouttheincident.•asif相当于asthough，意为“似乎，好像”，用在seem，look等系动词之后引导表语从句。•asif/though还可引导方式状语从句。若asif从句描述非现实情况，则用虚拟语气。①当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)；②当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去完成时(had＋过去分词)；注意：若从句描述的情况发生的可能性很大，则不用虚拟语气。再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(4)树林里很黑，似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶猛的野兽。她越这样想就越害怕。Itwasdarkinthewoods.Itseemedasiftherewasafiercebeastbehindeverybush.Themoreshethoughtofthis，themorefrightenedshewas.现在分词短语作结果状语Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsiayesterday，killingmorethan6，500peopleinIndonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，andatleastfourothercountries.过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6，500多人死亡。先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Whathashappenedishardtoexplain，leaving(leave)uspuzzled.(2)Inseverecases，yourbodyisn’tabletosweat，causing(cause)yourbodytemperaturetoskyrocket.(3)Somepeopletrytoknockmedown—onlytomake(make)memorefierce，moreprotectiveandmoredeterminedtodobetter.•本句中killingmorethan6,500people...为现在分词短语作结果状语。•现在分词(短语)作结果状语常表示意料、情理之中的结果，而不定式(短语)作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。•结果状语表示的动作一定发生在谓语动词之后，所以一定不能使用havingdone，因为havingdone一定发生在谓语动词之前。再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(4)我的英语非常流畅，这使得我和外国人自由地交谈。IamfluentinEnglish，makingmecommunicatewithforeignersfreely.(5)更糟糕的是，天开始黑了，让她不可能找到回去的路。What’sworse，itwasgettingdark，makingitimpossibleforhertofindthewayback.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍1．strikeeq\x(A.打B.使突然想起C.罢工D.灾难、疾病等袭击E.划火柴F.钟敲)(1)WhenIenteredtheroom，theclockhadjuststruck10.F(2)Asanoldsayinggoes，“Striketheironwhileit’shot.”You’dbettergooverwhatyouhavelearnedassoonaspossible.A(3)Thegirlstruckamatchandthewarmlightfilledtheroomimmediately.E(4)Theyhavebeenonstrikeforseveraldaystogetahigherpay.C(5)Abigearthquakestruckthearealastweek，whichthencausedaterribletsunami.D(6)Itstrikesmethatthereisnooneintheoffice.B2．delivereq\x(A.递送B.生小孩儿；接生C.发表演说等)(1)Theprincesshasbeendeliveredofahealthybabyboy.B(2)I’mhavingsomeflowersdeliveredforherbirthday.A(3)Sheisduetodeliveralectureongeneticengineering.CⅡ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Hewastryingtosavethegirltrapped(trap)intheburninghouse.2.Workingoutregularlywillaffect(effect)yourfitnesspositively.3．Thenewsthattheathletefailedinthemarathonduetoaseriousinjurymadeusshocked(shock)．4．Buried(bury)inreadingthelegendofamasterinbasketball，hedidn’tmakeittoschoolontime.5．Howcanyousurviveonsuchapoordiet？Keepingslimdoesn’tmakesenseifyou’renothealthy.6.Comparedwiththosewhoareengagedinmanuallabor，teachersaresuffering(suffer)greatermentalstressnowadays.7．Itstruck(strike)methatIwouldcheatcheatmyselfbypretendingtounderstandwhatIdidn’t.8．Thestadiumandthegymlayinruinsafterthebigfirecausedbycarelesssmoking.9．Theschoolboyscompetedfiercelyinthesoccermatchasiftheywerecompetinginanationalchampionship.10．Towinanhonourforhiscountry，hedidn’tgiveupevenifhegotinjuredintherace，settingsetagoodexampleforothers.Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力(2016·10月浙江，读后续写)1．在黑暗中，她太累太饿而睡不着觉。(too...to...)Inthedark，shewastootiredandhungrytofallasleep.2．她多么希望那些寻找她的人立刻出现啊！(who引导定语从句)Howshewishedthosewhowerelookingforhershowedupimmediately!3．起风了，把她冻得发抖。(现在分词短语作结果状语)Thewindwasblowing，causinghertotremblewithcold.4．第二天早上，她正在找东西吃，此时她听见有人喊她的名字。(bedoing...when...)Thenextmorning，shewaslookingforsomethingtoeatwhensheheardsomeonecallingherbyname.5．极度的激动让她说不出话，她只是站在那里，喜悦的泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。(it作形式宾语)Extremeexcitementmadeithardforhertospeak.Shejuststoodthere，tearsofjoystreamingdownhercheeks.请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：定语从句)eq\x(death，suffer，breathe，deliver，damage，strike，bury，shock)Disasterssuchastornadoes，floods，landslides，volcaniceruptions，ty