考研考博-英语-南通师范高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南通师范高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen'sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies.

Inanarticleonthenewmanners,Ms.Holmessaysthataperfectlyablewomannolongerhastoacthelplesslyinpublicasifshewereamodel.Forexample,shedoesn’tneedhelpgettinginandoutofcars.”Womengetinandoutofcarstwentytimesadaywithbabiesanddogs.Surelytheycangetoutbythemselvesatnightjustaseasily".

Shealsosaysthereisnoreasonwhyamanshouldwalkontheoutsideofawomanonthesidewalk"Historicallythemanwalkedontheinsidesohecaughtthegarbagethrownoutofawindow.Todayamanissupposedtowalkontheoutside.Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.Soshouldawoman.If,outofloveandrespect,heactuallywantstotaketheblows,heshouldwalkontheinside—becausethat’swhereattackersareallhidingthesedays".

Asfarasmannersareconcerned,IsupposeIhavealwaysbeenasupporterofwomen’sliberation.Overtheyears,outofasenseofrespect,Iimagine,Ihaverefusedtotroublewomenwithoutdatedcourtesies.

Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmaybesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.Forexample,whenamanandwomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark,Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherwayaccordingtomywife.

Itcameuponlytheothernight.Ifollowedthehostesstothetable,andwhenshepulledthechairout,IsatonitquitenaturallysinceithappenedtobethechairIwantedtositin.

"Well,"mywifesaid,whenthehostesshadgone,"youdiditagain?'

"Didwhat?’，Iasked,utterlyconfused

"Tookthechair"

Actually,sincePdwalkedthroughtherestaurantaheadofmywife,itwouldhavebeenawkward.Ishouldthink,nottohavetakenthechair.Ihadgottherefirstafterall.

Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisisacourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.Itwouldbeunsuitabletoputawomaninacarthenshutthedooronher,leavingheratthemercyofsomebadfellowwhomightbehidinginthebackseat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat（

）.

2.Bysaying"youdiditagain”,theauthor'swifemeansthat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhytheauthorgetsintoacarbeforeawoman?

问题1选项

A.it’ssafetobreakrulesofsocialbehaviors

B.inwomen’sliberationmenarealsoliberated

C.womenarebecomingmorecompetentthanbefore

D.menshouldwalkintheoutsideofapavement

问题2选项

A.theauthorshouldhaveshownhispolitenessbypullingoutthechairforher

B.theauthorshouldnothavesatdownbeforeshedid

C.theauthorshouldnothavesatinthechairpulledoutbythewaitress

D.theauthorshouldhavewalkedbehindher

问题3选项

A.Heintendstobepolitetothewoman

B.Hedoesthatbyforceofhabit

C.Hewantstoprotectthewomanfromhiddendanger

D.Hethinkswomennowadaysareascapableasmen

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问‘从这篇文章可以得出,,,’。由第五段中“Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmaybesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.通常，遵守社会行为准则比根据自己的品味行事更容易。当然，我们这些天生优雅的人可以安全地打破规则。”确定A选项“打破社会行为准则是安全的”太绝对；由第一段中“Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies.在妇女解放运动中，男人的好处之一是不再需要向女人支付旧式的礼遇。”确定B选项“在妇女的解放中，男性也被解放了”正确。C选项“女性正变得比以前更有能力”在文中没有提及；由第三段第二句“Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.男性应该在他想走的地方走路”确定D项“男性应该走在人行道的外侧”与原文不符。

2.推理判断题。题干询问‘说“你又做了一次”，作者的妻子意味着…’。根据第五段第三句“Forexample,whenamanandwomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark,Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherwayaccordingtomywife.例如，当一个男人和一个女人在餐馆被领到他们的桌子前，服务员拉出一把椅子，这个女人应该坐在椅子上。根据安•克拉克女士的说法，我总是用另一种方法来做。”，下文就举出作者自己做得相反的例子和倒数第三段中回答“Tookthechair坐了这个椅子”，可以确定C选项“作者不应该坐在被女侍者拉出的椅子上”正确。

3.细节事实题。题干询问‘以下哪一项不是作者比女士先上车的原因?’。由最后一段第一句“Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisisacourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.而且，我的习惯是先上车，让女士自己上车。这是一种礼貌，我坚持作为更强的性别，出于爱和尊重。”确定A选项“他想对女性有礼貌”和B选项“他这那样做是出于习惯”是作者先于女性上车的原因；也确定D选项“他认为今天的女性如男人一样有能力”不是作者先于女性上车的原因，符合题意，正确；由最后一段中“Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.在这样的时候，可能会有攻击者隐藏起来。”确定C选项“他想保护女性不受隐藏的危险的伤害”也是作者先于女性上车的原因。

2.翻译题

III.(本题3段，每段10分)

TheoriesofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsconstituteasystemofscientifictheoriesincludingDengXiaopingTheory,theimportantthoughtofThreeRepresents,andtheScientificOutlookonDevelopmentandothermajorstrategicthoughts.ThissystemrepresentstheParty’sadherencetoanddevelopmentofMarxism-LeninismandMaoZedongThoughtandembodiesthewisdomandhardworkofseveralgenerationsofChineseCommunistsleadingthepeopleincarryingouttirelessexplorationsandpractices.Itisanopensystemthatkeepsdeveloping.PracticessincethepublicationoftheCommunistManifestonearly160yearsagohaveprovedthatonlywhenMarxismisintegratedwiththeconditionsofaspecificcountry,advancesinstepwiththetimesarid,istiedtothedestinyofthepeoplecanitdemonstrateitsstrongvitality,creativityandappeal.IncontemporaryChina,tostaytruetoMarxismmeanstoadheretothesystemoftheoriesofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.

Educationshouldbewild,exciting,intoxicating.Thesedays,moreandmoretertiaryeducationestablishmentsspecializeincoursesthattooklikeashort-cuttoasexyjob:youcanstudysport,orjournalism,ortelevision,orpopmusic,evenfashion.Theerror¬—theheresy—istothinkthattheentirepurposeofeducationistogetyouabetterjob;thattheentirefunctionofanindividuallifeistomakeasmuchmoneyaspossible.It’saterribleshame,andIfeelhorriblysadforthepeoplewhomustgothroughitall,carryingtheburdenofeconomicexpectationratherthanthespiritofexplorationandadventure.Wewerealltoobusytryingtosussoutthemeaningoflifetobesidetrackedbysuchside-issuesascareers,untilthetimecametomeetrealityheadon.Thepurposeofmoderneducationistomakeyouawealthyperson.

InaspeechthatwillsetChina’sdirectionforthefuture,hespokeoftheneedtoaddresstheproblemsofenvironmentaldegradation,politicalcorruptionandincomeinequalitybetweentherichcitiesontheeasternseaboardandvillagesinthepoorwesterninterior.HetoldChinese:“Growthisnotouronlygoal.Sustainabilityandcuttinginequalityishighonagenda.”But,headmittedthatthepartyhadstruggledtokeeppacewiththerapidchangesinsociety.“Whilerecognizingourachievements,wemustbewellawarethattheystillfallshortoftheexpectationsofthepeople.”hesaid,“Thegovernmentcapabilityofthepartyfallssomewhatshortoftheneedtodealwiththenewsituationandtasks.”

【答案】中国特色社会主义理论体系，是包括邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观等重大战略思想在内的科学理论体系。这是我们党对马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想的坚持和发展，是几代中国共产党人领导人民不懈探索和实践的智慧和汗水的结晶。它是一个不断发展的开放体系。《共产党宣言》发表近160年来的实践证明，马克思主义只有同具体国情相结合、与时俱进、同人民命运紧密相连，才能展现出强大的生命力、创造力和感召力。在当代中国，坚持马克思主义，就是坚持中国特色社会主义理论体系。

教育应该是狂野的、令人兴奋的和令人陶醉的。如今，越来越多的高等教育机构专门开设一些课程，这些课程似乎是获得一份有吸引力的工作的捷径：你可以学习体育，或新闻，或电视，或流行音乐，甚至时尚。错误的一个想法（异端邪说）就是，认为教育的全部目的就是为你找到一份更好的工作，而生活的全部目的就是尽可能多地赚钱。这是一种可怕的耻辱，我为那些必须经历这一切的人感到非常难过，他们背负着经济期望的重担，而不是探索和冒险的精神。我们总是忙于追寻人生的意义，直到现实砸在我们的脑袋上之前，我们都不考虑一些次要的事情，比如职业什么的。现代教育的目的就是让你成为一个富有的人。

在这篇将为中国未来指明方向的演讲中，他谈到了解决环境恶化、政治腐败以及东部沿海富裕城市与西部贫困内陆农村之间收入不平等等问题的必要性。他对中国人说：“增长不是我们唯一的目标。可持续发展和减少不平等是议程上的重点。”但他承认，共产党一直在努力跟上社会的快速变化。他说：“我们在看到成绩的同时，也要清醒地看到，我们的成绩与人民的期待之间有差距；党的管理能力与处理新形势新任务的需要有一定差距。”

3.单选题

Thisisbuta________ofthetotalamountofinformationwhichtheteenagerhasstored.

问题1选项

A.friction

B.fraction

C.faction

D.fracture

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“friction”，意为“摩擦力，摩擦”，B选项“fraction”，意为“分数，部分”；C选项“faction”，意为“派别，小集团”，D选项“fracture”，意为“破裂，断裂”，句意：这只是青少年所储存的全部信息的一小部分。因此，B选项符合句意。

4.单选题

Whenthecrowdsawtheprize-fighterstretchedoutonthecanvas,shoutsandcheers（）fromit.

问题1选项

A.brokeup

B.brokeforth

C.brokethrough

D.brokeupon

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项brokeup“分手；结束，打碎”；B选项breakforth“迸发；喷发；爆发”；C选项breakthrough“突破；突围；冲破；取得突破性成就”；D选项breakupon“显露；突然出现”。句意：当人们看见那位职业拳击手四肢摊开躺在拳台上时，场上爆发出欢呼声和呐喊声。因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Themostimportant（）forassessmentinthiscontestisoriginalityofdesign.

问题1选项

A.threshold

B.partition

C.warrant

D.criterion

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项threshold“入口，门槛”，B项partition“划分，分开”，C项warrant“根据，证明”，D项criterion“标准，准则”。根据关键词assessmentinthiscontest（本次大赛评比）可推测，空格部分表示“评定标准”。句意：本次竞赛最重要的考核标准是设计的原创性。因此，该题选择D项正确。

6.单选题

MerrileeMiller,merchantsassociationmarketingdirector,calledthefestivitiesa(n)_______forthesickeningfeelingsleftbytheshootingsatWestroadsMallonWednesday.

问题1选项

A.antifebrile

B.antidote

C.counteract

D.neutralization

【答案】B

【解析】antifebrile退热剂;antidote解毒剂,矫正方法;counteract抵消,中和;neutralization中和,中立。句意：美国商人协会市场总监MerrileeMiller称,周三发生在西街购物中心的枪击事件给人们留下了一种令人厌恶的情绪,而庆祝活动则是一剂良药。选项B符合句意。

7.单选题

Althoughshewrotealotofshortstoriesandpoemswhenshewasveryyoung,（

）shewastwenty-five.

问题1选项

A.herfirstrealsuccessdidnotcomeuntil

B.herrealfirstsuccesscameuntilnot

C.sinceherfirstrealsuccessdidnotcomeuntil

D.notuntilherfirstrealsuccess

【答案】A

【解析】句意:虽然她很小的时候就写了很多短篇小说和诗歌，但直到25岁她才第一次获得真正的成功。

固定搭配。not...until...表示“直到…才”,故选A。

8.单选题

Inyourteens,peer-groupfriendshipsmay（）fromparentsasthemajorinfluenceonyou.

问题1选项

A.takecontrol

B.takeplace

C.takeup

D.takeover

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词组固定搭配。takeoverfrom“取而代之”。选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

IncommunitiesnorthofDenver,residentsarepitchingintohelpteachersandadministratorsastheVrainSchoolDistricttriestosolvea$13.8millionbudgetshortageblamedonmismanagement.“We’reworriedaboutourteachersandprincipals,andwereallydon’twanttolosethembecauseofthis,”oneparentsaid.“Ifwecanhelpeasetheirfinancialburden,wewill.''

Teachersaregrateful,butknowitmaybeyearsbeforethedistrictissolvent（有偿付能力的）Theyfeelreallygoodabouttheparentsupport,buttheyrealizeit’simpossibleforthemtosolvethisproblem.

The22.000-studcntdistrictdiscoveredtheshortagelastmonth,“It’sextraordinary.Nobodywouldhaveimaginedsomethinghappeninglikethisatthislevel,”saidStateTreasurerMikeCoffman.

Coffmananddistrictofficialslastweekagreedonastateemergencyplanfreeingupa$9.8millionloanthatenabledthepayroll（工资单）tobemetfor2,700teachersandstaffintimefortheholidays.

Districtofficialsalsotook$1.7millionfromstudent-activityaccountsinits38schools.

AtCoffman’srequest,theDistrictAttorneyhasbeguninvestigatingthedistrict’sfinances.CoffmansayshewantstoknowwhetherdistrictofficialshidthebudgetshortageuntilaftertheNovemberelection,whenvotersapproveda$212millionbondissueforschools.

InFrederick,students’parentsarebuyingclassroomsuppliesandofferingtopayforgroceriesandutilitiestokeepfirst-yearteachersandprincipalsintheirjobs.

Some$36,000hasbeenraisedindonationsfromSafeway.AChevroletdealershipdonated$10,000andforgavethedistrict’s$10,750billforrentingthedrivereducatingcars.IBMcontributed4,500packsofpaper.

“Weemploythousandsofpeopleinthiscommunity,”saidMitchCarson,ahospitalchiefexecutive,whohelpedraisefunds.“Wehavechildrenintheschool,andweseehowtheycouldbeaffected.”

AtCreekHighSchool,threestudentsstartedawebsitethatdisplaysnewspaperarticles,districtinformationandanemailforum（论坛）.“Rumorsaboutwhat’shappeningtothedistrictaremovingatlightingspeed.”saidastudent.“Wewantedtoknowthetruth,andspreadthataroundinstead.”

1.WhathashappenedtotheVrainSchoolDistrict?

2.HowdidtheresidentsintheVrainSchoolDistrictrespondtothebudgetshortage?

3.IntheviewofStateTreasurerMikeCoffman,theeducationalbudgetshortageis（

）.

4.WhydidCoffmanrequestaninvestigation?

5.ThreehighSchoolstudentsstartedawebsiteinorderto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Ahugefinancialproblemhasarisen.

B.Manyschoolstherearemismanaged.

C.Lotsofteachersinthedistrictareplanningtoquit.

D.Manyadministrativepersonnelhavebeenlaidoff

问题2选项

A.Theyfeltsomewhathelplessaboutit.

B.Theyaccusedthoseresponsibleforit.

C.Theypooledtheireffortstohelpsolveit.

D.Theydemandedathoroughinvestigation.

问题3选项

A.unavoidable

B.unthinkable

C.insolvable

D.irreversible

问题4选项

A.Toseeiftherewasadeliberatecover-upoftheproblem.

B.Tofindouttheextentoftheconsequencesofthecase.

C.Tomakesurethattheschoolprincipalswereinnocent.

D.Tostopthevotersapprovingthe$212millionbondissue.

问题5选项

A.attractgreaterpublicattentiontotheirneeds

B.appealtothepublicforcontributionsanddonations

C.exposeofficialswhoneglectedtheirduties

D.keeppeopleproperlyinformedofthecrisis

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“Vrain学区发生的事情是……”。文章第一段提到“Vrain学区试图去解决因管理不当导致的1380万美金的预算短缺”（IncommunitiesnorthofDenver,residentsarepitchingintohelpteachersandadministratorsastheVrainSchoolDistricttriestosolvea$13.8millionbudgetshortageblamedonmismanagement），因此选项A“一个巨大的财政问题”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“Vrain校区的居民应对预算短缺的方式是……”。文章第一段提到当地居民正在帮助老师和管理人员（residentsarepitchingintohelpteachersandadministrators），选项C“帮助一起解决问题”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“在财政部长迈克•卡夫麦看来，教育预算短缺是……”。文章第三段中“这太不寻常了。没有人想到会发生这样的事情”(It’sextraordinary.Nobodywouldhaveimaginedsomethinghappeninglikethisatthislevel)，因此选项B“不能想象的”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么卡夫麦要求进行调查”。文章第六段提到“他想知道是否地方官员将预算短缺隐瞒”（hewantstoknowwhetherdistrictofficialshidthebudgetshortage），因此选项A“想弄清是否对财政问题进行了掩盖”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“三名高中生建立了一个网站来……”。文章最后一段提到“谣言以光速扩散”“我们想知道真相，并把它公之于众”（“Rumorsaboutwhat’shappeningtothedistrictaremovingatlightingspeed.”saidastudent.“Wewantedtoknowthetruth,andspreadthataroundinstead.”），选项D“让人们知道危机”符合题意。

10.单选题

Childrenare（）tohavesomeaccidentsastheygrowup.

问题1选项

A.obvious

B.bound

C.indispensable

D.doubtless

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项obvious“明显的；显著的；平淡无奇的”；B选项bound“受约束的；被……限制的”；C选项indispensable“不可缺少的；绝对必要的”；D选项doubtless“无疑的”。句意：孩子们在成长过程中……会发生一些意外。本题还需要注意的是搭配，beboundto表示“必然”符合本句句意。

11.单选题

Thespontaneousmovementofwateracrossamembrane,（

）gradientofwaterconcentrationiscalledosmosis.

问题1选项

A.drivesa

B.drivenbya

C.hasdriven

D.drove

【答案】B

【解析】语法（分词短语做后置定语）题。首先固定搭配‘agradientof’，所以排除C和D选项，其次，Thespontaneousmovement与空格后的gradientofwaterconcentration是被动关系，所以B选项的过去分词短语做主语的后置定语正确。整句话的句意是‘在水的浓度梯度驱使下，水分子通过半透膜的自主运动叫做渗透作用’。

12.翻译题

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese

ThereisonelastquestionImustdealwithinthischapter.Whyshouldhumanbeingsbemoral?Anotherwayofputtingtheproblemisasfollows:Isthereanyclearfoundationorbasisformorality—cananyreasonsbefoundforhumanbeingstobegoodanddorightactsratherthanbebadanddowrongacts?

Alloftheargumentsputfortharecompellingandvalidtosomeextent,providedthatfreequestioningofthemoralprescriptionsthattheyhaveestablishedorthattheysupportisallowedandencouraged.Ihavealreadypointedoutsomeofthedifficultiesassociatedwithestablishingareligiousbasisformorality,butproblemsexistwiththeothertwoargumentsaswell.（1）

Theself-interestargumentcanbeaproblemwhenotherinterestsconflictwithit:oftenitisdifficulttoconvincesomeonewhoseesobviousbenefitsinactingimmorallyinaparticularsituationthatitisinhisorherself-interesttodootherwise.Moralityestablishedbytraditionandlawisproblematicbecauseitisdifficultbothtochangeandtoquestionsuccessfully.Thislackofquestioningsometimesencouragesblindobediencetheimmoralpractices.Itencouragesthebeliefthatbecausesomethinghasbeendoneacertainwayforhundredsofyears,itmustberight.

（2）Arethereanyotherreasonswecangiveastowhyhumanbeingsshouldbemoral?Ifweexaminehumannatureasempiricallyandrationallyaswecan,wediscoverthatallhumanbeingshavemanyneeds,desires,goals,andobjectivesincommon.Forexample,peoplegenerallyseemtoneedfriendship,love,happiness,freedom,peace,creativity,andstabilityintheirlives,notonlyforthemselvesbutforothers,too.（3）

Itdoesn’ttakemuchfurtherexaminationtodiscoverthatinordertosatisfytheseneeds,peoplemustestablishandfollowmoralprinciplesthatencouragethemtocooperatewithoneanotherandthatfreethemfromfearthattheywilllosetheirlives,bemutilated,orbestolenfrom,liedto,cheated,severelyrestricted,orimprisoned.

Itismycontention,then,thatmoralityhascomeaboutbecauseofhumanneedsandthrougharecognitionoftheimportanceoflivingtogetherinaco-operativeandsignificantway.Iamnottryingtosuggestthatallhumanbeingscanbeconvincedthattheyshouldbemoral,oreventhatitwillalwaysbeineachindividual’sself-interesttobemoral.Idobelieve,however,thatthequestion“Whyshouldhumanbeingsbemoral”generallycanbestbeansweredbythestatementthatadheringtomoralprinciplesenableshumanbeingstolivetheirlivesaspeacefully,happily,creatively,andmeaningfullyasispossible.

Also,asImentionedwhendiscussinglawandmorality,therehasbeenamarkedincreaseintheteachingofethicsinlawschools.Thesametypesofcourseshavebeenestablishedatmedicalschools,andtherehasbeenanincreaseinbioethicsandotherethicscommitteesinhospitalsandvariousbusinesses.Forexample,JamesO’Toolehasbeenconductingvalues-basedleadershipseminarsforCEOsandothermanagersinbusiness.Onemightask.“Doesthismeanthatwearebecomingmoreethical,orthatwewillbe,astheseethicsbegintofilterdowntothegeneralpopulace?”Certainlyitisadmirablethatsomanyevenpoliticians—areinterestedinvaluesandinimprovingtheethicallevelinAmerica.Mymajorconcerniswithhowsuperficialallofthisis,especiallyasitcomesfrompoliticianstryingtogetelected.Idon’tdoubtthatsomeofthesepoliticiansaresincere,butsome-timesIwonderwhosevaluestheywishtoimpose,andalsoIwonderhowmuchtraininganyofthesepeoplehavehadinethics.

（4）Yetregardlessofhowpopular,superficiallyornot,ethicsmaybecome,itcertainlyshouldbethemostimportantaspectofyourlife.Afterall,whatcouldbemoreimportantthanlearninghowtolivemoreethicallyandimprovingthequalityofyourlifeandthelivesofothersaroundyou?AsAlbertEinsteinsaid,“Themostimportanthumanendeavoristhestrivingformoralityinouractions.Ourinnerbalanceandevenourveryexistencedependonit.Onlymoralityinouractionscangivebeautyanddignitytolife.”

（5）Moralitydealsbasicallywithhumansandhowtheyrelatetootherbeings,bothhumanandnonhuman.Itdealswithhowhumanstreatotherbeingssoastopromotemutualwelfare,growth,creativity,andmeaningandtostriveforwhatisgoodoverwhatisbadandwhatisrightoverwhatiswrong.

【答案】1.当与他人利益发生冲突时，利己主义的观点就会成为一个问题：在某特定情形下，若不按道德行事，某人会明显受益，因此，往往很难说服此人遵守道德规范对他或她有益。

2.至于人类为何需要遵守道德规范，我们还能给出其他的理由吗？如果我们能够尽可能地凭借经验或理性审视人性，我们会发现所有人类都有很多相似的需求、欲望、目标和目的。

3.不需要进一步调查就能发现，人类为了满足这些需求，必须树立和遵循道德规范。这会鼓励他们与他人进行合作，帮助他们摆脱可能会丧命、致残，或者遭他人偷窃、撒谎、欺骗、严重地受限制或囚禁等带来的恐惧。

4.然而无论伦理是否受欢迎或者肤浅，它可能成为，也一定应是你的生活中最重要的一面。毕竟，学习如何更符合伦理道德地生活，以及改善你的以及身边人的生活质量，难道还有比这更重要的事吗？

5.道德主要是关于人，以及他们与其他人或人类以外其他事物之间的关系。它涉及人类如何对待其他人或物，从而促进共同的福利、发展、创造力和意义，以及为了好战胜坏和正义战胜邪恶而努力。

13.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.当前，世情、国情、党情继续发生着深刻变化，我们面临的发展机遇和风险挑战前所未有。全党一定要牢记人民的信任和重托，更加奋发有为、兢兢业业地工作，继续推动科学发展、促进社会和谐，继续改善人民生活、增进人民福祉，完成时代赋予的光荣而艰巨的任务。

2.学生活动是美国大学的一个显著特点，每周都有数不清的由学生组织的各种各样的活动。这些活动涵盖了体育、文艺、文化、政治和社会等各个方面，其主要目的是为了娱乐。新的学生活动组织不断涌现，而中国学生的参与使这一局面变得更加热烈，他们甚至在耶鲁大学上演了曹禺的话剧《雷雨》。

3.中国是一个有五千年历史的文明古国，有着与外来文化取长补短、兼容并蓄的传统。我们的祖先历来强调“以和为贵”。由此，中国人民选择和平发展的道路是基于中国的文化传统、是基于惨痛的历史与严酷的现实所做出的明智选择。

【答案】1.Atpresent,astheglobal,nationalandourParty’sconditionscontinuetoundergoprofoundchanges,wearefacedwithunprecedentedopportunitiesfordevelopmentaswellasrisksandchallenges.ThewholePartymustbearinmindthetrustthepeoplehaveplacedinusandthegreatexpectationtheyhaveofus.Wemustaimhigherandworkharderandcontinuetoboostthescientificdevelopment,promotesocialharmony,andimprovepeople’slivessoastocompletethegloriousandarduoustasksbestowedonusbythetimes.

2.StudentactivitiesareanotherremarkablefeatureofAmericancollegelife.Eachweektherearecountlessactivitiesofallsortsorganizedbystudents—athletic,artistic,cultural,politicalorsocial,allofwhicharejustforfun.Newstudentorganizationsareconstantlybeingcreated,andChinesestudentscontributetothisferment.TheyevenstageCaoYu’splayRainstorminYale.

3.Chinaisanancientcivilizationwitha5,000-year-longhistory,havingthetraditionofseekingmutualcomplementarities,accommodationandintegrationwithforeigncultures.Ourancestorshavealwaysemphasizedthe“cherishingofharmony”.Accordingly,thechoicebytheChinesepeopletofollowapeacefulpathtodevelopmentisawisedecisionbasedonChina’straditionalculture,painfulhistoryandseriousreality.

14.单选题

Wehadagoodtimethere,andthefoodwasplentifuland（）.

问题1选项

A.conducive

B.wholesome

C.helpful

D.appreciative

【答案】B

【解析】句意:在那，我们度过愉快的时光，而且食物很丰盛又有益于健康。

考查形容词辨析。conducive使容易（或有可能）发生的.；wholesome有益于健康的；helpful有帮助的；appreciative感激的；欣赏的。因此B符合句意。

15.单选题

Itshouldbe

thatasindividualsgiftedstudentsareendowedwithcertainattributeswhichrepresenttheirpotentialsuccessinlife.

问题1选项

A.reminded

B.perceived

C.marked

D.noted

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。remind“提醒，使想起”；perceive“理解，认知”；mark“标志”；note“注意；记录”。句意：要认识到一点：作为个体，有天赋的学生被赋予了某些特性，这些特性代表着他们生命中潜在的成功。选项B符合题意。

16.写作题

Directions:Writeanessayinnolessthan250words.

1.盗版现象日益严重

2.盗版造成的后果

3.我对抵制盗版问题的看法

【答案】【参考范文】

TheProblemofPiracy17.单选题

Ourshasbecomeasocietyofemployees.AhundredyearsorsoagoonlyoneofeveryfiveAmericansatworkwasemployed,i.e.,workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimself.Andwhenfiftyyearsago“beingemployed”meantworkingasafactorylaborerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.Indeed,twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears;middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthefastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation—growingsofastthattheindustrialworker,theoldestchildoftheIndustrialRevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.

Yetyouwillfindlittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.Youcanfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.Youcanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfield,whetheritbethemechanist’stradeorbookkeeping.Everyoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskills,setsdifferentstandards,andrequiresadifferentpreparation.Yettheyallhaveemployeeshipincommon.Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employeeshipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.Certainly,morepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeethanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtrade;thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,andthegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.

1.Itisimpliedthatfiftyyearsago________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,withthedevelopmentofmodemmodernindustry________.

3.Theword“dubious”(underlinedinPara2.)mostprobablymeans________.

4.Accordingtothewriter,professionalknowledgeorskillis________.

5.Fromthepassageitcanbeseenthatemployeeshiphelpsone________.

问题1选项

A.eightypercentofAmericanworkingpeoplewereemployedinfactories

B.twentypercentofAmericanintellectualswereemployees

C.thepercentageofintellectualsinthetotalworkforcewasalmostthesameasthatofindustrialworkers

D.thepercentageofintellectualsworkingasemployeeswasnotsolargeasthatofindustrialworkers

问题2选项

A.factorylaborerswillovertakeintellectualemployeesinnumber

B.theproportionoffactorylaborersinthetotalemployeepopulationhasdecreased

C.employershaveattachedgreatimportancetofactorylaborers

D.thereareasmanymiddle-classemployeesasfactorylaborers

问题3选项

A.valuable

B.useful

C.doubtful

D.helpful

问题4选项

A.asimportantastheabilitytodealwithpublicrelations

B.lessimportantthanawarenessofbeingagoodemployee

C.moreimportantthanemployeremployeerelations

D.asimportantastheabilitytoco-operatewithothersintheorganization

问题5选项

A.tobemoresuccessfulinhiscareer

B.tobemorespecializedinhisfield

C.tosolvetechnicalproblems

D.todevelophisprofessionalskill

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段Andwhenfiftyyearsago“beingemployed”meantworkingasafactorylaborerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.（50年前，“被雇佣”的意思是作为工厂工人或农场工人工作，而今天的雇员越来越多地是中产阶级，接受过大量的正规教育，从事需要智力和技术技能的专业或管理工作。），由此可知50年前，当人们提到被雇佣时想到的是工厂或农场工人，而现在想到的是中产阶级，由此可推断出50年前，知识分子作为雇员工作的占比没有产业工人的大，所以D选项“知识分子作为雇员工作的百分比没有产业工人的百分比大”正确。A选项“百分之八十的美国工人受雇于工厂”和B选项“百分之二十的美国知识分子是雇员”对应文章第二句“大约一百年前，每五个在工作的美国人中只有一个被雇佣，即为别人工作。”，此处说的是一百年前，并不是五十年，且此处要表达的意思是一百年前百分之二十的美国工人受雇于工厂，所以A选项和B选项说法都不正确，属于反向干扰；C选项“知识分子在全体劳动力中的比例几乎与产业工人的比例相同”说法错误，文章第一段说到50年前，知识分子作为雇员工作的占比没有产业工人的大，所以C选项属于反向干扰。因此D选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段Inde