考研考博-英语-安徽长江职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽长江职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Factsthatmayseemlittleconsequenceatthetimemaylaterassume（）significanceatthetimewhenETSstaffmembersdecidewhetherturneractionisjustified.

问题1选项

A.considerable

B.valuable

C.important

D.extensive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:considerable“相当大的”；B:valuable“有价值的”；C:important“重要的”；D:extensive“广阔的；广大的”。句意：当ETS的工作人员决定特纳的行动是否合理的时候，当时似乎没有什么后果的事实可能之后会产生很大的意义。本处表示“xxx的意义”，修饰名词significance意义。因此A符合题意。

2.单选题

Whentheclasswasover,theywentbacktotheir（

）dormitories.

问题1选项

A.complacent

B.respectable

C.respective

D.respectful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。complacent意为“自满的，自鸣得意的”；respectable意为“得体的，值得尊敬的”；respective意为“各自的，分别的”；respectful意为“有礼貌的”。

句意：下课后，他们回到各自的宿舍去了。

3.单选题

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Inthenineteenthcentury,photography’sassociationwiththerealworldplaceditinanambivalentrelationtoart;lateinthetwentiethcentury,anambivalentrelationexistsbecauseoftheModernistheritageinart.Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensiousofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatisse—presupposehighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes‘theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinPara.2?

3.TheauthorintroducesAbstractExpressionistpainters(Para.3)inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthereactionofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstothequestionofwhetherphotographyisanart?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthormostprobablyconsidersseriouscontemporaryphotographytobea（

）.

问题1选项

A.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineartafterthecontroversiesofthenineteenthcentury

B.identifyingthewaysthatrecentmovementsinpaintingandsculpturehaveinfluencedthetechniquesemployedbyseriousphotographers

C.explainingtheattitudesofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

问题2选项

A.Mechanical

B.Paradoxical

C.Superficial

D.Dramatic

问题3选项

A.provideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodemart

B.callattentiontoartistswhoseworksoftenbearaphysicalresemblancetotheworksofseriouscontemporaryphotographers

C.setforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters

D.provideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,isnotandshouldnotpretendtobeanart

问题4选项

A.Thephotographers*beliefthattheirrelianceonanimpersonalmachinetoproducetheirartrequiresthesurrenderoftheauthorityoftheirpersonalvision

B.Thephotographers'fearthatseriousphotographymaynotbeacceptedasanartbythecontemporaryartpublic

C.TheinfluenceofAbstractExpressionistpaintingandPopArtonthesubjectmatterofthemodemphotograph

D.Thephotographers'beliefthatthebestartissubversiveofartasithaspreviouslybeendefined

问题5选项

A.contemporaryartthatisstrugglingtobeacceptedasfineart

B.craftrequiringsensitivitybutbynomeansanart

C.modemartthatdisplaystheModernisttendencytotrytosubverttheprevailingaimsofart

D.modemartthatdisplaysthetendencyofallModernistarttobecomeincreasinglyformalandabstract

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.题目问作者的文章主要是关注什么。根据文章第一段首句Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.最早的关于摄影与艺术的关系的争论主要集中在摄影对于外表的保真度和对机器的依赖是否能够允许它成为一门艺术，有别于仅仅实用的美术。后文主要通过讨论摄影是否是一门艺术这个问题，然后分析了论点双方对于这个问题的态度。综合分析后可知主要是分析了摄影师对待艺术的态度，C选项“揭示了严肃的当代摄影师对于摄影作为艺术以及在历史背景下的艺术态度”符合题意。A项意为“解释了在十九世纪的争议之后摄影是怎样成作为美术出现的”；B项意为“鉴别在近期影响了被严肃的摄影师所采纳的技术的绘画和雕塑艺术中所用到的方式”；D项意为“定义严肃的当代摄影师对他们的艺术所采取的各种方法和评估这些方法的价值”不符合，排除。

2.theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism意为“被现代主义的胜利所强加的艺术的概念”。A项意为“呆板的，机械的”；B项意为“矛盾的”；C项意为“表面的，肤浅的”；D项意为“引人注目的”。本句所在句子意为“重要的摄影家们不再愿意辩论摄影是或者不是一种艺术，除了声称他们自己的作品不再涉及艺术，表明了在多大程度上他们简单地认为“被现代主义的胜利所强加的艺术的概念是理所当然的”：艺术越好，越颠覆艺术的传统目的。根据句意可知作者所表达的内容是‘矛盾的‘，B选项符合题意。

3.题目问作者介绍抽象表现主义画家的目的。根据第三段第二句‘Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.例如，那些假设的摄影师，通过拍照，他们越来越远离以绘画艺术的自命不凡提醒我们的抽象表现主义画家想象他们摆脱古典现代主义绘画的知识紧缩专注于绘画的物理行为。‘可知作者主要是想举出这样的例子，A选项“是为了举出像严肃的现代摄影师那样的艺术家，否认传统上公认的现代艺术的目的”符合题意。

4.题目问哪一项最好地解释了严肃的当代摄影师对于摄影是否是一门艺术的反应。根据文章最后一句Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.许多专业摄影人员私下里己经开始担心，摄影作为艺术活动促进颠覆传统的自命不凡已经走得太远，引起公众忘记摄影是一种独特的高活动总之，是一种艺术。确定D选项“摄影师认为最好的艺术是对艺术的颠覆，就像之前定义的那样”正确。

5.题目问作者很可能认为严肃的当代摄影是一种……。A项意为“一种正努力要被认可为美术的当代艺术”；B项意为“一种要求敏感性的工艺，但绝不是艺术”；C项意为“显示了现代主义的倾向，试图颠覆主流的艺术目标的现代艺术”；D项意为“显示所有的现代主义艺术的趋势变得越来越正式和抽象的现代艺术”。根据文章内容以及最后一段的阐述’thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythat...ofarthasgonesofar艺术越好，对传统艺术目标的颠覆性就越大。许多专业人士私下里开始担心……艺术已经走了这么远’确定C选项“显示了现代主义的倾向，试图颠覆主流的艺术目标的现代艺术”正确。

4.单选题

AmericanandChineseculturesare（1）insomeways.AnAmericanhostess,（2）forherculinary(烹调)skill,islikelytosay,“Oh,I’msogladyoulikedit.Icookeditespeciallyforyou.”NotsoaChinesehostess,whowillinstead（3）forgivingyounothingevenslightly（4）andfornotshowingyouenoughhonor（5）providingproperdishes.

Thesamerulesholdtrue（6）children.Americanparentsspeakproudlyoftheirchildren’sachievements,tellinghowJohnnymadetheschoolteamorJanemadethehonorroll.NotsoChineseparents,whosechildren,evenifatthetopoftheirschool,arealwaysso“naughty”,neverstudying,neverlisteningtotheirelders,andsoforth.

TheChinesetakepridein“modesty”;Americans（7）“straightforwardness”.ThismodestyhasleftmanyaChinesehungryatanAmericantable,forChinesepoliteness（8）threerefusalsbeforeoneacceptsanoffer,andAmericanhoststakea“no”tomean“non”,whetherit’sthefirst,second,orthirdtime.

Recently,amemberofadelegationsenttoChinabyalargeAmericancorporation,complainedtomeabouthowtheChinesehadaskedthemthreetimesiftheywouldbewillingtochangesomeproposal,andeachtimetheAmericanshadsaid“no”clearlyand（9）.MyfriendwasangrythattheChinesehadnottakenhiswordthefirsttime.Irecognizedtheproblemimmediatelyand（10）whytheAmericanshadnotstudieduponculturaldifferencebeforecomingtoChina.Itwouldhavesavedeveryonealotofperplexityandneedlessfrustrationintheirnegotiations.

问题1选项

A.similar

B.familiar

C.opposite

D.adverse

问题2选项

A.complimented

B.compiled

C.complemented

D.commented

问题3选项

A.praise

B.apologize

C.bedisappointed

D.besatisfied

问题4选项

A.eligible

B.illegible

C.suitable

D.edible

问题5选项

A.for

B.on

C.by

D.in

问题6选项

A.regardfor

B.regardas

C.regardlessof

D.withregardto

问题7选项

A.in

B.of

C.for

D.on

问题8选项

A.callson

B.callsfor

C.callsup

D.callsin

问题9选项

A.ambiguously

B.roughly

C.definitely

D.arbitrarily

问题10选项

A.believed

B.knew

C.cautioned

D.wondered

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:B

第9题:C

第10题:D

【解析】1.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项similar“相似的”；B选项familiar“熟悉的”；C选项opposite“相反的”；D选项adverse“不利的”。由后文可知此处的意思是美国和中国的文化在某些方面是不同的。因此C选项符合题意。

2.考查动词词义辨析。A选项complimented“称赞”；B选项compiled“汇编”；C选项complemented“补足”；D选项commented“评论”。此处的意思是美国的女主人被称赞厨艺不错时。因此A选项符合题意。

3.考查动词词义辨析。A选项praise“表扬”；B选项apologize“道歉”；C选项bedisappointed“失望”；D选项besatisfied“满意”。此处的意思是中国的主人会向你道歉。因此B选项符合题意。

4.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项eligible“合格的”；B选项illegible“难辨认的”；C选项suitable“适当的”；D选项edible“可食用的”。此处的意思是没什么好吃的饭菜。因此D选项符合题意。

5.考查介词辨析。A选项for“为了”；B选项on“在……上面”；C选项by“通过”；D选项in“在……里面”。此处的意思是没有提供适当的菜肴来表示对你的尊敬。因此C选项符合题意。

6.考查词组辨析。A选项regardfor“对……的注意”；B选项regardas“把……认作”；C选项regardlessof“不顾”；D选项withregardto“关于”。此处的意思是这样的规则在关于对待孩子的方面也有体现。因此D选项符合题意。

7.考查介词辨析。takepridein“以……为傲”。此处对应了前文的takepridein，表示美国人提倡坦率。因此A选项符合题意。

8.考查词组辨析。A选项callson“访问”；B选项callsfor“要求”；C选项callsup“召集”；D选项callsin“召来”。此处的意思是中国人的礼貌要求他们在接受什么东西之前，一定要推脱两三回。因此B选项符合题意。

9.考查副词词义辨析。A选项ambiguously“含糊不清地”；B选项roughly“粗糙地”；C选项definitely“肯定地”；D选项arbitrarily“武断地”。此处的意思是美国人清楚而绝对地说“不”。因此C选项符合题意。

10.考查动词词义辨析。A选项believed“相信”；B选项knew“知道”；C选项cautioned“警告”；D选项wondered“想知道”。此处的意思是想知道为什么这些美国人来中国前没有提前了解一下中国不同的文化。因此D选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Thebasiccausesareunknown,althoughcertainconditionsthatmayleadtocancerhavebeen（）.

问题1选项

A.identified

B.guaranteed

C.notified

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】句意:尽管某些可能导致癌症的情况已经被证实，但是根本原因还不知道。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。identify识别；辨认；认出；guarantee保证；担保；notify通知；convey传达；运送。因此A项符合句意。

6.单选题

Inthislaw,______,“state”meansaterritoryorgroupofterritorieshavingitsownlawofnationality.

问题1选项

A.otherwisethecontextrequires

B.unlessthecontextrequires

C.thecontextotherwise

D.unlessthecontextotherwiserequires

【答案】D

【解析】考查连词和固定搭配。在法律英语中，unlessthecontextotherwiserequires“除上下文另有所指”经常使用，Otherwise在这里是作为形容词“另外的”使用；A选项缺少连词，B选项“除非上下文要求”语义矛盾，C选项语义不完整；这句话句意是：在本条法令中，除上下文另有所指，“国家”指拥有自己的国籍法的一个领土或一组领土。根据句子结构和句意，只有D项是通顺且符合语法的。

7.单选题

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsthescientistcontinuestoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable,hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes,forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveryofonebitofinformationopensthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago,howeveroneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries,theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

1.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit（

）.

2.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope,

（

）.

3.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（

）.

问题1选项

A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects

B.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena

C.thestudyofunrelatedfields

D.classifiedknowledge

问题2选项

A.Mayleadtoantiscientific,“impure”results

B.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell

C.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

D.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

问题3选项

A.appliedscience

B.agriculturalscience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

问题4选项

A.Scientistsengagedintheoreticalresearchshouldnotbeblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

问题5选项

A.TheNatureofScienceandScientists

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).（为了使解释尽可能简单，假设科学被定义为分类知识）可知选D。

2.推理判断题。由文章第二段可知，根据不同的目的，科学分为纯科学与应用科学。纯科学是为了满足好奇心，应用科学是将知识用于特殊目的。根据文章最后一段中的howeveroneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell（然而，人们应该记住，显微镜的构造必须先于细胞的发现）及两种科学的定义，可知显微镜属于纯科学，细胞的发现属于应用科学，即纯科学先于应用科学，因此B选项“必然先于应用科学，导致细胞的发现”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，根据不同的目的，科学分为纯科学与应用科学。纯科学是为了满足好奇心，应用科学是将知识用于特殊目的。由题干中的“interestedin”可知属于为了满足好奇心，因此选C。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries（许多致力于纯科学的科学家并不为忽视他们发现的实际方面而被指责）可知A选项“从事理论研究的科学家不应被指责忽略其发现的实际方面”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科学的目的与定义，以及两种不同科学家研究科学的目的，因此A选项“科学与科学家的本质”符合题意。

8.单选题

Hewashere（）thestroke.

问题1选项

A.in

B.on

C.with

D.to

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。onthestroke“准时地”。句意：他准时到了这里。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Itistruethatasasocialorganizationmovesfromthesimpletothecomplex,sodoestheorganizationthroughwhichiteducatesitschildren.Growthandchangearevitalifeducationistomeetnewneedsanddemands.Inaverysimplesocialorder,itmaysufficetohavetheparentscarryontheeducationoftheirchildren.However,aswillbeshownlaterinmoredetail,suchamethodmaybecomeentirelyuntenable（难维持的）,andspecialindividualsareentrustedwiththetask.Thesemaybehiredprivatelyfirst,butsoonthesocialgroup,thechurch,village,andthelikewillberesponsibleforeducation.Eventually,specialtrainingisrequiredforthosewhodotheteaching,andanagencytocontrolthistrainingisneeded.Thustheinfluenceofthelocalgovernmentunit,suchasthetown,township,andlaterthestateortheprovince,becomesnecessary.Itwasgenerallyconsideredsimplertouseasaunitthealreadyexistinglocalunit.

1.Theclosestrestatementofthefirstsentenceis（）

2.Thewriterwouldprobablyarguefor（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhythelocalgovernmentunitbecomesinfluentialisthat（）

4.Theauthorpromisestoexplain（）

5.Wemayinferfromthecontextthatthephrase“thetask”inLine6refersto（）

问题1选项

A.themorecomplexasocialorganizationbecomes,themorecomplextheeducationalsystembecomes

B.thecomplexityofasocialorganizationdependsonthecomplexityoftheeducationalsystem

C.socialorganizationsaretrulyascomplexastheyneedtobeforeducationalpurposes

D.oursocietymustbecomplexifwewantoureducationsystemtoserveourchildren’seducationalrequirements

问题2选项

A.moreparentalinfluenceineducation

B.aneducationalsystemwhichtakessocialcomplexityintoaccount

C.strictstatecontrolofeducation

D.morespecialtrainingforteachers

问题3选项

A.teachersbecometoopowerful

B.enrollmentincreases

C.aneedarisestocontroltheeducationofteachers

D.thechurchorvillagelackstheabilitytooverseeeducation

问题4选项

A.thenecessityofthelocalgovernmentalunit

B.whyitissimplertousethegovernmenttocontroleducation

C.theresponsibilityofthesocialgroup

D.whyparentsshouldnotteachtheirchildren

问题5选项

A.theeducationofchildren

B.thetrainingofteachers

C.thecontrolofeducation

D.theinfluenceofthelocalgovernmentunit

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。原文第一句话的意思是：当一个社会组织从简单走向复杂时,它教育孩子的组织也会从简单走向复杂。也就是说社会组织越复杂,教育系统就越复杂。选项A更符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据本文的第一句话可知,作者强调的是社会复杂性对教育的影响,所以教育系统应该考虑到社会复杂性,选项B符合原文。选项A表述错误,选项C和D不是作者主要讨论的话题。

3.判断推理题。根据本文的倒数二三句的内容“specialtrainingisrequired...becomesnecessary.”那些从事教学的人需要特殊的培训,需要一个机构来控制这种培训。因此,地方政府单位的影响是必要的。也就是说地方政府单位具有影响力的原因是需要对教师的教育进行控制。选项C符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据原文的最后一句“Itwasgenerallyconsideredsimplertouseasaunitthealreadyexistinglocalunit.”可以推断作者接下来应该会解释：为什么借用当地（政府）的力量会更简单。选项B正确。

5.判断推理题。根据原文的内容,（仅仅由父母来教育孩子）这一方法可能会难以维持下去,专业人员将会处理这一任务。由此推断,这个任务即上文提到的对孩子的教育,选项A正确。

10.单选题

Theyearwas1959.Location:thecentralAfricancityofLeopoldville,nowcalledKinshasa,shortlybeforethewavesofviolentrebellionthatfollowedtheliberationoftheBelgianCongo.Aseeminglyhealthymanwalkedintoahospitalclinictogivebloodforawestern-backedstudyofblooddiseases.Hewalkedawayandwasneverheardfromagain.Doctorsanalyzedhissample,frozeitinatesttubeandforgotaboutit.Aquartercenturylater,inthemid-1980s,researchersstudyingthegrowingAIDSepidemictookasecondlookatthebloodanddiscoveredthatitcontainedH.I.V,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.

AndnotjustanyHIV.TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolatedandmaynowhelpsolvethemysteryofhowandwhenthevirusmadetheleapfromanimals(monkeysorchimpanzees)tohumans,accordingtoareportpublishedlastweekinNature.Dr.DavidHo,directoroftheAaronDiamondAIDSResearchCenterinNewYorkCityandoneofthestudy’sauthors,saysacarefulgeneticanalysisofthesample’sDNApushestheputativeoriginoftheAIDSepidemicbackatleastadecadetotheearly50seventhe40s.

1.Whatisthepassageabout?

2.ThatAIDSspreadtootherplacesbesidesAfrica.TheoriginoftheAIDSepidemicwasthoughttobegininthe（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

4.Accordingtothepassage,themanwhocarriedHIVgavebloodbecausehewantedto（

）.

问题1选项

A.ThefactthatHTVandtheAIDSviruswerefirstdiscoveredinAfrica.

B.TherolethatLeopoldville'ssampleplays.

C.ThatLeopoldville'ssamplecontributestosolvingthepuzzleontheoriginofAIDS.

D.ThatAIDSspreadtootherplacesbesidesAfrica

问题2选项

A.1940s

B.1950s

C.1960s

D.mid-1980s

问题3选项

A.TheAIDSviruscomesfrommonkeysorchimpanzees.

B.TheAIDSviruswasearliestdiscoveredinKinshasa,1959.

C.BeforeLeopoldvillewaschangedintoKinshasainname,itwasacolony.

D.NootherAIDSvirusdiscoveredanywhereelsecanbeolderthantheonediscoveredinLeopoldville.

问题4选项

A.infectotherstotakerevengeonthewholesociety

B.earnmoneytosupporthisfamily

C.makeanameforhimself

D.noneoftheabove

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段描述了Leopoldville—位看似健康的男性到医院抽血,而后指出长达四分之一个世纪后，艾滋病研究者从中发现了艾滋病病毒。而在第二段进一步强调“并不只是发现了艾滋病病毒这么简单”,之后详细介绍了该部分血液中发现的艾滋病毒的重要意义。因此B项“Leopoldville的样本所起的作用”比较能概括文章大意。

2.判断推理题。文章最后一句指出:...saysacarefulgeneticanalysisofthesample'sDNApushestheputativeoriginoftheAIDSepidemicbackatleastadecadetotheearly50seventhe40s(对该样本的DNA分析将假定的艾滋病起源时间往前推了至少十年，至20世纪50年代，甚至是40年代),由此推断过去假定的艾滋病起源时间应该是20世纪60年代。

3.判断推理题。A:艾滋病毒来源于猴子或者黑猩猩,根据第二段的“TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolatedandmaynowhelpsolvethemysteryofhowandwhenthevirusmadetheleapfromanimals(monkeysorchimpanzees)tohumans...(Leopoldville的样本是最早的艾滋病毒单独样本，有助于解开艾滋病毒从动物（猴子或者黑猩猩）传播到人类的时间和方式之谜……)”可知A项正确。B:艾滋病毒最早是于1959年在Kinshasa被发现,由第一段中的“Aquartercenturylater,inthemid-1980s,researchersstudyingthegrowingAIDSepidemictookasecondlookatthebloodanddiscoveredthatitcontainedH.I.V.,thevirusthatcausesAIDS(四分之一个世纪后，也就是20世纪80年代中期，艾滋病研究者再次对该部分血液进行研究，从中发现了体免疫缺乏症病毒，这是一种导致艾滋病的病毒)”可知B项错误。C:在Leopoldville更名为Kinshasa之前，Leopoldville仍是殖民地,由第一段的“Location:thecentralAfricancityofLeopoldville,nowcalledKinshasa,shortlybeforethewavesofviolentrebellionthatfollowedtheliberationoftheBelgianCongo(地点：在LeopoldvHle的中心城市。就在导致比属刚果独立的暴力反抗浪潮前不久，Leopoldville更名为Kinshasa)”可知C项正确。D:在其他地方没有发现比Leopoldville的样本更早的艾滋病毒,由第二段的“TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolated(Leopoldville的样本是最早的艾滋病毒单独样本)”可知D项正确。故本题选B。

4.细节事实题。第一段指出:Aseeminglyhealthymanwalkedintoahospitalclinictogivebloodforawestern-backedstudyofblooddiseases.Hewalkedawayandwasneverheardfromagain(应一项由西方国家支持的血液疾病研究的需要，一位看似健康的男性到医院抽血。然后就离开了，从此再也没有听说过他)。A:为了通过感染他人来报复社会,B:挣钱养家,C:让自己成名，均不能通过文章推断出来。故选D。

11.单选题

Theceremonywill（）assoonastheministerarrives.

问题1选项

A.complete

B.descend

C.disperse

D.commence

【答案】D

【解析】complete完成；descend下降；disperse分散；commence开始。句意：只要部长一到,典礼就开始。

12.单选题

Dieting,accordingtoanoldjoke,maynotactuallymakeyoulivelonger,butitsurefeelsthatway.Nevertheless,evidencehasbeenaccumulatingsincethe1930sthatcalorierestriction—reducingananimal’senergyintakebelowitsenergyexpenditure—extendslifespananddelaysthestartofage—relateddiseasesinrats,dogs,fishandmonkeys.Suchresultshaveinspiredthousandsofpeopletoputupwithconstanthungerinthehopeoflivinglonger,healthierlives.Theyhavealsoledtoasearchfordrugsthatmimictheeffectsofcalorierestrictionwithoutthepainofgoingonanactualdiet.

Amidthetrend,itiseasytoforgetthatnoonehasuntilnowshownthatcalorierestrictionworksinhumans.Thatomission,however,changedthismonth,withthepublicationoftheinitialresultsofthefirstsystematicinvestigationintothematter.Thisstudytook48menandwomenandassignedthemrandomlytoeitheracontrolgrouporacalorie—restrictionregime.Thoseinthesecondgroupwererequiredtocuttheircalorieintakeforsixmonthsto75%ofthatneededtomaintaintheirweight.

Thestudyisalandmarkinthehistoryofthefield,becauseitssubjectswereeitherofnormalweightoronlyslightlyoverweight.Previousprojectshaveusedindividualswhowereclinicallyfat,thusconfusingtheunquestionablebenefitstohealthofreducingfatnesswiththepossibleadvantagesofcalorierestrictiontotheotherwisehealthy.

Atamolecularlevel,itsuggeststheseadvantagesarereal.Thoseonrestricteddietsshoweddropsinbodytemperatureandblood—insulinlevels—bothphenomenathathavebeenseeninlong—lived,calorie—restrictedanimals.TheyalsosufferedlessdamagetotheirDNA.

EricRavussin,ofLouisianaStateUniversity,saysthatsuchresultsprovidesupportforthetheorythatcalorierestrictionproducesametabolicadaptationoverandabovethatwhichwouldbeexpectedfromweightlossalone.Nevertheless,suchmetabolicadaptationcouldbethereasonwhycalorierestrictionisassociatedwithlongerlifespaninotheranimals—andthatiscertainlythehopeofthosewho,forthepast15years,havebeensearchingforwaysoftriggeringthatmetabolicadaptationbymeansotherthansemi-starvation