考研考博-英语-哈尔滨学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈尔滨学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thissummittalkisthoughttobeinstrumentalinbringingaboutpeaceinthisregion.

问题1选项

A.helpful

B.useless

C.harmless

D.inappropriate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。instrumental表示“有帮助的，乐器的”；A项helpful“有帮助的”，B项useless“无用的”，C项harmless“无害的，无恶意的”，D项inappropriate“不适当的，不相称的”。句意：人们认为，这次首脑会谈有助于在该地区实现和平。根据句意可知，该题选择A项正确。

2.单选题

Itisusuallyagoodthingwhenadiscussionistakenfirmlybythehandandleddownfromtheheightsofto（

）thelevelgroundofhardfact.

问题1选项

A.ridiculousness

B.fantasy

C.audacity

D.mountaintops

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。ridiculousness“荒谬”；fantasy“幻想；幻觉”；audacity“厚颜无耻”；mountaintop“山顶”。句意：当讨论以务实严谨的方式进行，并且从幻想的高崖下到事实的平地时，这通常是一件好事。空格处所填单词应与hardfact形成对比，故B项正确。

3.单选题

I’mwritingtoyou______mybrotherwhoisillinthehospital.

问题1选项

A.onbehalfof

B.bythenameof

C.inplaceof

D.infavorof

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.onbehalfof代表B.bythenameof以……为名；名叫

C.inplaceof取代D.infavorof有利于，支持

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】按照句意“我______我生病住院的兄弟给你写信”可知，我是代表我的兄弟写信，所以该选择A项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】我代表我生病住院的兄弟给你写信。

4.单选题

Thereisanoldsayingthatyoucannever______unlessyougiveyourconsent.

问题1选项

A.beinsulted

B.insult

C.insulting

D.toinsult

【答案】A

【解析】考查被动语态。该句同位语从句中的主语“you”是动作“insult”的承受者，因此应用被动语态，又谓语动词是情态动词，被动形式应为“情态动词+bedone”。句意：有句老话说，除非你同意，否则你永远不会被侮辱。因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

Architecture,then,isanart,andanyartmustgiveuspleasure,orelseitisbadart,orweareabnormallyblind;weareingeneraltoohardenedand（1）toarchitectureasanart,andtothejoyitmaybringus.It'stheconstantnearness

（2）

architectureduringourentireconsciousexistencethathas

（3）

usinthisway.Weforgetthatitisanartofhereand

（4）

,becauseitiswithuseveryday,and

（5）

wemusthavehousestolivein,weareapttothinkofthem

（6）

asabidingplaces.Thereforewethinkofarchitecture

（7）

somevague,learnedthinghavingtodowithFrenchcathedralsorItalianpalacesorGreektemples,（8）

withNewYorkorChicagostreetsorLosAngelessuburbs.Thisfalsedoctrinehasstrengthenedinusuntiloureyesare

（9）

andourmindsaredeafenedtoallthebeautythatisbeingcreatedaroundustoday,andthenweloseallthefinedeeppleasurethatwemight

（10）experiencefromourordinarysurroundings.

问题1选项

A.uninterested

B.unrelated

C.indifferent

D.insensitive

问题2选项

A.to

B.of

C.in

D.from

问题3选项

A.folded

B.blinded

C.sharpened

D.weakened

问题4选项

A.now

B.then

C.there

D.after

问题5选项

A.thus

B.therefore

C.that

D.because

问题6选项

A.solely

B.really

C.practically

D.invariably

问题7选项

A.of

B.like

C.as

D.for

问题8选项

A.and

B.but

C.together

D.not

问题9选项

A.closed

B.dusted

C.blinded

D.dulled

问题10选项

A.otherwise

B.orelse

C.probably

D.alternately

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:A

第7题:C

第8题:D

第9题:D

第10题:A

【解析】第1题:1.D考查形容词辨析。uninterested不感兴趣的；unrelated无关的；indifferent冷漠的；insensitive麻木的，无感觉的；由hardened冷酷的可知空格处所填单词意思应与其差不多。故D项正确。答案D

第2题:考查介词辨析。architecture后面的部分做constantnearness的后置定语，故用介词of修饰，此处意为人们认为建筑物总是在那里。答案B

第3题:考查动词辨析。由orweareabnormallyblind可知此处B项正确。正是因为人们的这种观点“建筑物总是在那里”使人们对建筑物有了误解。fold折叠；sharpen削尖，磨快；weaken减少，使变弱。答案B

第4题:考查固定搭配。hereandnow此时此刻；hereandthere各处；到处。由“becauseitiswithuseveryday建筑物每天都与我们在一起”可推知“所以我们习惯认为建筑物到处都是，而忘记了建筑物是此时此刻的艺术”故hereandnow符合题意。

第5题:考查连词辨析。由and可知空格处所填单词与前面的because并列，也是表示原因，故D项正确。再由空格后面的“weareaptto…”也可推断此空表示一种原因，引出后面的结果。答案D

第6题:A考查副词辨析。really实际上；practically实际地；invariably总是，不变地。由上文提到的“我们忘记了将建筑物看作是此时此刻的艺术”可知此处意为我们仅仅将房子认为是不变的地方，A项符合题意。

第7题:考查固定搭配。thinkofsth.assth.“将…看作…”知C项正确，答案C

第8题:考查连词辨析。由Thisfalsedoctrine及上文“我们将建筑认为是与法国大教堂或意大利宫殿或希腊神庙有关而与纽约或芝加哥街道或洛杉矶郊外无关”。havesomethingtodowith与…有关。答案D

第9题:考查动词辨析。由空格后“ourmindsaredeafenedtoallthebeautythatisbeingcreatedaroundustoday我们的头脑对我们周围正在创造的一切美好事物充耳不闻”以及and表示并列关系可推知我们的眼睛也对周围的美好事物比较迟钝，感觉不到这些事物的美。dulled“迟钝的，无趣的”；closed“关着的”；dusted“拂去灰尘的”；blinded“瞎的，不知情的”。故D项正确。

第10题:考查连词辨析。前面提到我们的眼睛和心灵都屏蔽了建筑物的美。由此可知如果我们改变态度多体会的话，我们可能从普通环境中体会到这些深度的美景。A项最符合语义。orelse要不然，否则，其后一般跟完整的句子；probably“大概”；alternately“交替地”。答案Afenedtoallthebeautythatisbeingcreatedaroundustoday中的deafened听不见的可推知空格处意为看不见的，故答案为A。eyesareclosed看不见的，闭着眼的。

6.单选题

AlltheslavesinUSAwere（）afterthecivilwar.

问题1选项

A.arrested

B.abandoned

C.manumitted

D.magnified

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项arrest“逮捕；（司法机关）扣留（船只）”；B选项abandon“遗弃；离开”；C选项manumit“解放；释放”；D选项magnify“放大；赞美”。句意：美国内战结束后，所有奴隶都被释放。因此C符合题意。

7.单选题

OneauthoritymadeacensusofthespidersinagrassfieldinthesouthofEngland,andhe（

）thatthereweremorethan2,250,000spidersinoneacre.

问题1选项

A.assessed

B.estimated

C.appraised

D.evaluated

【答案】B

【解析】句意:一位权威人士对英国南部一块草坪上的蜘蛛进行了数量调查，他估计在那个地方每公顷有超过225万只蜘蛛。

考查近义词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。Assess评定,估价;estimate估计,估量;appraise估量,估价,(对某人的工作)做出评价;evaluate评价,估价。由关键信息morethan2,250,000spidersinoneacre(每公顷有225万只蜘蛛)可知B符合句意。

8.翻译题

Throughouthistorynewtechnologieshaverevolutionizedwarfare,sometimesabruptly,sometimesonlygradually:thinkofgunpowder,aircraft,radarandnuclearfission.Soithasbeenwithinforma-tiontechnology.ComputersandtheinternethavetransformedeconomiesandgivenWesternarmiesgreatadvantages,suchastheabilitytosendremotelypilotedaircraftacrosstheworldtogatherintelli-genceandattacktargets.(1).Butthespreadofdigitaltechnologycomesatacost:itexposesarmiesandsocietiestodigitalattack.Somescenarios(电影)imaginethealmostinstantaneousfailureofthesystemsthatkeepthe

modern

worldturning.Ascomputernetworkscollapse,factoriesandchemicalplantsexplode,satellitesspinoutofcontrolandthefinancialandpowergridsfail.Cyberspacehasbecomethefifthdomainofwarfare,afterland,sea,airandspace.

ThecyberattacksonEstoniain2007andonGeorgiain2008(thelatterstrangelyhappenedtocoincidewiththeadvanceofRussiantroopsacrosstheCaucasus)arewidelyassumedtohavebeendi-rectedbytheKremlin(克里姆林宫),buttheycouldbetracedonlytoRussiancyber-criminals.ManyofthecomputersusedintheattackbelongedtoinnocentAmericanswhosePCshadbeenhi-jacked.CompaniessuspectChinaoforganizingmini-raidstoransackWesternknow-how:butitcouldjusthaveeasilybeenWesterncriminals,computer-hackersshowingoffordisillusionedformeremploy-ees.(2).OnereasonwhyWesterngovernmentshaveuntilrecentlybeenreticentaboutcyber-espio-nage（间谍）issurelybecausetheyaredabhandsatit,too.

Cyber-weaponsarebeingdevelopedsecretly,withoutdiscussionofhowandwhentheymightbeused.（3）.Ifcyberarms-controlistoAmerica’sadvantage，itwouldbewisetoshadesuchaccords（协议）whileitstillhastheupperhandincyberspace.Inthemeantime，however,countriesshouldagreeonmodestaccords,orevenjustinformal“rulesoftheroad”thatwouldraisethepoliticalcostofcy-ber-attacks.Perhapstherecouldbeadealtopreventthecrude“denial-of-service”assaultsthatbroughtdownEstonianandGeorgianwebsiteswithamassofbogus（伪造的）requestsforinforma-tion；NATOandtheEuropeanUnioncouldmakeitclearthatattacksincyberspace,asintherealworld,willprovokearesponse:theUNorsignatoriesoftheGenevaConventionscoulddeclarethatcyber-attacksoncivilianfacilitiesare,likephysicalattackswithbombandbullet,outofboundsinwar；richcountriescouldexerteconomicpressureonstatesthatdonotadoptmeasurestofightonlinecriminals.Countriesshouldbeencouragedtospellouttheirmilitarypoliciesincyberspace,asAmeri-cadoesfornuclearweapons,missiledefenseandspace.（4）.Andtherecouldbeaninternationalcen-tretomonitorcyber-attacks,oraninternationaldutytoassistcountriesundercyber-attacks,regard-lessofthenationalityormotiveoftheattacker—akintothedutyofshipstohelpmariners（水手）indistress.

Theinternetisnota“commons”,butanetworkofnetworksthataremostlyprivatelyowned.Alotcouldalsobeachievedbygreaterco-operationbetweengovernmentsandtheprivatesector.（5）Butintheendmoreoftheburdenforensuringthatordinarypeople’scomputersystemsarenotco-optedbycriminalsorcyber-warriorswillendupwiththelatter—especiallytheinternet-serviceprovidersthatrunthenetwork.Theycouldtakemoreresponsibilityforidentifyinginfectedcomputersandspottingattacksastheyhappen.

【答案】1.但是数字技术的传播是有代价的：它使军队和社会面临数字攻击。一些电影想象出了维持现代社会运转的各个系统几乎瞬时崩溃的场景。

2.西方政府直到最近都对网络间谍活动保持沉默，原因之一是他们自己也是内行。

3.如果网络军备控制对美国有利，那么在它在网络空间仍占上风时指定这样的协议是明智的。

4.还应建立国际中心以监控网络攻击，或者承担救援遭遇网络袭击的国家的国际责任，不管攻击者的国籍或动机如何，就像船舶有援助遇险的水手的责任一样。

5.

但最终，确保普通人的电脑系统不被犯罪分子和网络战士占为己有的重任将更多地落到后者身上——尤其是运营网络服务的提供商。

9.单选题

Takingphotographsisstrictly（

）here,asitmaydamagethepreciouscavepaintings.

问题1选项

A.forbidden

B.rejected

C.exclude

D.denied

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。forbidden“严禁的”；rejected“拒绝的”；exclude“排除”；denied“否定”。由后半句内容“拍照会损害珍贵的洞穴壁画”可推知“拍照是被严格禁止的”符合题意。故A项最符合题意。句意：这里严禁拍照，因为这可能会损坏珍贵的洞穴壁画。

10.单选题

Maskedgunmen（）intheofficesofaFrenchsatiricalnewspaperonWednesday,thepolicesaid,withinitialreportssayingthatasmanyas11peoplehadbeenkilledand10wounded.

问题1选项

A.openedfire

B.wereopeningfire

C.openedfires

D.wasopeningafire

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。根据thepolicesaid可判断，这个句子的时态为一般过去时态，所以动词要用过去式，再有固定搭配“openfire”，意为“开火”。句意：警方称，蒙面枪手周三在一家法国讽刺新闻的办公室里开火了，最初报道称多达11人被杀，10人受伤。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Thiskindofsongbirdsleepsmuchlessduringitsannual（）,butthatdoesn’tseemtoaffectitsflying.

问题1选项

A.migration

B.emigration

C.conveyance

D.transference

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项migration“迁移；移民”；B选项emigration“移民；移民出境”；C选项conveyance“运输；运输工具”；D选项transference“转移；转让”。句意：这种太阳鸟在一年一度的迁徙期间睡眠极度减少，但是这并不影响其飞行。由空格前的关键词“annual年度的，每年的”可知“迁移”符合句意，因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Morethanone-thirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia（

）inSanFrancisco.

问题1选项

A.previously

B.predominantly

C.practically

D.permanently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。previously“以前，预先”；predominantly“主要地”；practically“实际地”；permanently“永久地，长期不变地”。句意：超过三分之一的住在美国的中国人主要住在旧金山。选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

Beforehestartedthework,Iaskedthebuildertogivemean______ofthecostofrepairingtheroof.

问题1选项

A.assessment

B.estimate

C.announcement

D.evaluation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项assessment“估计、评定”；B项estimate“估价、判断”；C项announcement“公告、宣告”；D项evaluation“评价”；句意：在他开始工作之前，我请建筑工人给我估计一下修理屋顶的费用。因此该题B项正确。

14.单选题

（）shouldanymoneybegiventoasmallchild.

问题1选项

A.Onnoaccount

B.Fromallaccount

C.Ofnoaccount

D.Byallaccount

【答案】A

【解析】句意:绝不能给小孩钱。

语法题。考查倒装。onnoaccount绝不；fromallaccount综上所述;ofnoaccount不重要的，无价值的（形容词）;byallaccount据说。题干中用到了部分倒装，因此A项符合句意跟语法搭配。

15.单选题

SpecialistMusicSchoolsHowtocopewithachildwhoshowsoutstandingmusicalability?It'snotalwaysclearhowbesttodevelopandencouragetheirgift.Manyparentsmayevenfailtorecognizeandrespondtotheirchild'sneeduntilfrustrationexplodesintodifficultoruncooperativebehavior.Andwhilemostschoolsareequippedtodealwithchildrenwhoareespeciallyableinacademicsubjects,themusicallygiftedrequirespecialunderstandingwhichmaynotalwaysbeavailableinanordinaryschoolespeciallyonewheremusicisregardedasasecondaryactivity.Suchchildren—aswellasthosewhoseabilityisactivelyencouragedbyparentsorteachers—maywellbenefitfromtheeducationofferedbyaspecialistmusicschool.

ThefivemusicschoolsinBritainarearelativelyrecentintroduction.Theyaimtoprovideasympatheticenvironmentinwhichgiftedchildrenagedbetweensevenandeighteencandeveloptheirskillstothefullundertheguidanceofprofessionalmusicians.

Childrenatspecialistmusicschoolsspendbetweenonethirdandonehalfofanaveragedayonmusicalactivities,forexample,individuallessons(uptothreehoursaweekonfirstandsecondinstruments),orchestras,chambergroups,voicetraining,conductingandtheory.Theyalsospendseveralhoursadaypracticinginproperlyequippedprivaterooms,sometimeswithateacher.Therestoftheirtimeistakenupwitharestrictedacademicprogram,whichtendstoconcentrateontheessentialsubjects—English,math,basicsciencesandlanguages—¬althoughprovisioncanbemadeforstudentswhowishtostudyawiderrangeofsubjects.AllfiveBritishspecialistschoolsareindependent,classesaresmallbynormalschoolstandards,withahighteacher/pupilratio.Mostchildrenattendingspecialistschoolstendtobeboarders,leavinghometolive,eatandsleepfull-timeatschool.Thismeanstheyspendtheirformativeyearsinthecompanyofotherswithsimilaraimsandinterests.

Whatarethedisadvantages?Anobviousproblemisthecost,thefeesarehigh(£12,000〜£17,000ayearforboarders).However,eachschoolwillmakeeveryeffortwithscholarshipsandotherformsoffinancialassistance,tohelpparentsofoutstandinglygiftedchildrentofindthenecessaryfees.Secondly,notallparentswanttosendtheirchildrentoboardingschool,speciallyataveryearlyage.Almostallthedirectorsofthespecialistschoolsexpressdoubtsaboutthewisdomofadmittingchildrenasyoungassevenintosuchanintenseanddisciplinedenvironment.Theystress,however,thattheirmainaimistoturnout‘roundedandwell-balancedindividuals’.

1.Ifachild'smusicalabilityisnotrecognized___.

2.Whatproblemmaymusicallygiftedchildrenfaceinordinaryschools?

3.Whatmakesspecialistmusicschoolsdifferentfromotherschools?

4.Whatdomostschooldirectorsseeasapossibledisadvantageforpupils?

5.Theunderlinedword‘sympathetic’inparagraphtwomeans___.

问题1选项

A.theabilitymayfadeaway

B.thechildmaymisbehave

C.theparentsmaybecomeanxious

D.thechildmayloseinterest

问题2选项

A.Musicisnotseenasanimportantsubject

B.Theiracademicworkmaysuffer

C.Schoolslackmusicalequipment

D.Parentsandteachersdonotworktogether

问题3选项

A.Thechildrenhavemostlyone-to-onelessons

B.Theirworkingdayislonger

C.Morethanhalfthedayisspentonmusic

D.Arangeofmusicaltrainingisoffered

问题4选项

A.Theymaynotbematureenoughonarrival

B.Poorchildrenmaybeexcluded

C.Theremaybeadisciplineproblem

D.Theymaylosetheirindividuality

问题5选项

A.pity-showing

B.appreciating

C.understandable

D.beneficial

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“Manyparentsmayevenfailtorecognizeandrespondtotheirchild'sneeduntilfrustrationexplodesintodifficultoruncooperativebehavior.”中文翻译为：许多父母甚至没有意识到并回应孩子的需求，直到挫折感爆发成困难或不合作的行为。可以得知B选项“孩子可能会行为不端”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由题干关键词“inordinaryschools”可以定位到原文第一段“Andwhilemostschoolsareequippedtodealwithchildrenwhoareespeciallyableinacademicsubjects,themusicallygiftedrequirespecialunderstandingwhichmaynotalwaysbeavailableinanordinaryschoolespeciallyonewheremusicisregardedasasecondaryactivity.”中文翻译为：虽然大多数学校都有能力培养在学科方面特别有能力的孩子，但是音乐天才需要特殊的理解力，这在普通学校是不可能做到的，尤其是在音乐被视为次要活动的学校里。因此可知A选项“音乐不被视为一门重要的学科”为正确答案。

3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段“Childrenatspecialistmusicschoolsspendbetweenonethirdandonehalfofanaveragedayonmusicalactivities,forexample,individuallessons(uptothreehoursaweekonfirstandsecondinstruments),orchestras,chambergroups,voicetraining,conductingandtheory.”中文翻译为：个人课程（每周最多三个小时学习第一和第二乐器）、管弦乐、室内乐团、声音训练、指挥和理论。可知C选项“半天以上的时间都花在了音乐上。”错误，以及D选项“提供一系列的音乐培训”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“schooldirectors”可以定位到文章最后一段“Almostallthedirectorsofthespecialistschoolsexpressdoubtsaboutthewisdomofadmittingchildrenasyoungassevenintosuchanintenseanddisciplinedenvironment.”中文翻译为：几乎所有专业学校的负责人都对让7岁大的孩子进入如此紧张、纪律严明的环境的做法表示怀疑。故选A“他们可能在到达（学校）时还不够成熟。”

5.词汇题。根据题干关键词“sympathetic”可以定位到根据文章第二段“Theyaimtoprovideasympatheticenvironmentinwhichgiftedchildrenagedbetweensevenandeighteencandeveloptheirskillstothefullundertheguidanceofprofessionalmusicians.”中文翻译为：他们的目标是提供一个富有同情心的环境，让7-18岁的超常儿童在专业音乐家的指导下充分发展他们的技能。sympathetic意为“富有同情心的”，判断出答案为A项。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

16.单选题

Bloodvesselsrunningallthroughthelungscarrybloodtoeachairsac,oralveolus,andthenbackagaintotheheart.Onlythethinwalloftheairsacandthethinwallofacapillaryarebetweentheairandtheblood.Sooxygeneasilydiffusesfromtheairsacsthroughthewallsintotheblood,whilecarbondioxideeasilydiffusesfromthebloodthroughthewallsintotheairsacs.

Whenbloodissenttothelungsbytheheart,ithascomebackfromthecellsintherestofthebody.Sothebloodthatgoesintothewallofanairsaccontainsmuchdissolvedcarbondioxidebutverylittleoxygen.Atthesametime,theairthatgoesintotheairsaccontainsmuchoxygenbutverylittlecarbondioxide.Youhavelearnedthatdissolvedmaterialsalwaysdiffusefromwherethereismoreofthemtowherethereisless.Oxygenfromtheairdissolvesinthemoistureontheliningoftheairsacanddiffusesthroughtheliningintotheblood.Meanwhile,carbondioxidediffusesfromthebloodintotheairsac.Thebloodthenflowsfromthelungsbacktotheheart,whichsendsitouttoallotherpartsofthebody.

Soonafterairgoesintoanairsac,itgivesupsomeofitsoxygenandtakesinsomecarbondioxidefromtheblood.Tokeepdiffusiongoingasitshould,thiscarbondioxidemustbegottenridof.Breathing,whichiscausedbymovementsofthechest,forcestheusedairoutoftheairsacsinyourlungsandbringsinfreshair.Thebreathingmusclesarecontrolledautomaticallysothatyoubreatheattheproperratetokeepyourairsacssuppliedwithfreshair.Ordinarily,youbreatheabouttwenty-twotimesaminute.Ofcourse,youbreathefasterwhenyouareexercisingandslowerwhenyouareresting.Freshairisbroughtintoyourlungswhenyoubreathein,orinhale,whileusedairisforcedoutofyourlungswhenyoubreatheout,orexhale.

Somepeoplethinkthatalltheoxygenistakenoutoftheairinthelungsandthatwhatwebreatheoutispurecarbondioxide.Buttheseideasarenotcorrect.Airisamixtureofgasesthatismostlynitrogen.Thisgasisnotusedinthebody.Sotheamountofnitrogendoesnotchangeasairisbreathedinandout.Butwhileairisinthelungs,itischangedinthreeways:(1)aboutone-fifthoftheoxygenintheairgoesintotheblood;(2)analmostequalamountofcarbondioxidecomesoutofthebloodintotheairand(3)moisturefromtheliningsoftheairpassagesandairsacsevaporatesuntiltheairisalmostsaturated.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatoxygenandcarbondioxide

（

）.

2.Whenbloodtravelsbacktothelungsbytheheart,（

）.

3.Themovementofbreathingcaneffectively

（

）.

4.Whenwebreatheout,theamountofnitrogen

（

）.

5.Theairinthelungschangesthrough（

）.

问题1选项

A.produceenergyforbreathing

B.diffuseimmediatelyintheblood

C.penetrateslowlyintotheairsacs

D.travelinoppositewaysinthelungs

问题2选项

A.moreoxygenwascontainedinblood

B.morecarbondioxidewascontainedintheblood

C.lesscarbondioxidewascontainedinanairsac

D.lessoxygenwascontainedinanairsac

问题3选项

A.helptheexchangeofoxygenandcarbondioxideinthelungs

B.preventtheinhalingofexcessivecarbondioxide

C.keeptheregularcirculationofblood

D.strengthenthefunctionofbreathingmuscles

问题4选项

A.increasesabitbecauseoftheexchangeofair

B.reducesabitbecauseoftheexchangeofair

C.remainsthesameaswebreatheitin

D.keepsthesameasthatneededinlungs

问题5选项

A.inhalingsomeamountofoxygen

B.theevaporationofmoisture

C.exhalingsomeamountofcarbondioxide

D.generatingapassageforevaporation

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。第一段指出:Sooxygeneasilydiffusesfromtheairsacsthroughthewallsintotheblood,whilecarbondioxideeasilydiffusesfromthebloodthroughthewallsintotheairsacs(所以氧气很容易穿过薄壁，从肺泡扩散到血液，而二氧化碳则很容易穿过薄壁，从血液扩散到肺泡),故选D。

2.细节事实题。题干为:当血液由心脏返回到肺部时…。第二段指出:Sothebloodthatgoesintothewallofanairsaccontainsmuchdissolvedcarbondioxidebutverylittleoxygen(所以进入肺泡的血液含有很多溶解的二氧化碳和很少的氧气),故选B(血液里含有更多二氧化碳)。

3.判断推理题。第三段指出:Breathing,whichiscausedbymovementsofthechest,forcestheusedairoutoftheairsacsinyourlungsandbringsinfreshair(由胸腔运动导致的呼吸将使用过的空气排出肺泡，然后吸入新鲜空气)。故选A(帮助氧气和二氧化碳在肺部交换)。

4.判断推理题。第四段指出:Sotheamountofnitrogendoesnotchangeasairisbreathedinandout(当呼气和吸气时，氮气保持不变)。故选C(吸气时保持不变)。

5.判断推理题。文章最后一句指出:moisturefromtheliningsoftheairpassagesandairsacsevaporatesuntiltheairisalmostsaturated(气道和气泡内壁水分会蒸发，直到空气饱和状态)。故选B(水分蒸发)。

17.翻译题

WhatisitthatwemeanbyLiterature?Popularly,andamongstthethoughtless,itisheldtoincludeeverythingthatisprintedinabook.Littlelogicisrequiredtodisturbthatdefinition.Themostthoughtlesspersoniseasilymadeawarethatintheideaofliteratureoneessentialelementissomerelationtoageneralandcommoninterestofman—sothatwhatappliesonlytoalocal,orprofessional,ormerelypersonalinterest,eventhoughpresentingitselfintheshapeofabook,willnotbelongtoLiterature.

Sofarthedefinitioniseasilynarrowed;anditisalsoeasilyexpanded.FornotonlyismuchthattakesastationinbooksnotLiterature;butinversely,muchthatreallyisLiteratureneverreachesastationinbooks.TheweeklysermonsofChristendom,thatvastpulpitliteraturewhichactssoextensivelyuponthepopularmind—towarn,touphold,torenew,tocomfort,toalarm—doesnotattainthesanctuaryoflibrariesintheten-thousandthpartofitsextent.TheDramaagain—as,forinstance,thefinestofShakespeare’splaysinEngland,andmanyleadingAthenianplays—operatedasaliteratureonthepublicmind,andwere(accordingtothestrictestletterofthatterm)publishedthroughtheaudiencesthatwitnessedtheirrepresentationsometimebeforetheywerepublishedasthingstoberead;andtheywerepublishedinthismodeofpublicationwithmuchmoreeffectthantheycouldhavehadasbooksduringagesofcostlycopyingorofcostlyprinting.

【答案】【参考译文】我们所说的文学到底是什么呢？一般来说，人们会不假思索地认为一切书中所印之物都是文学。这种说法经不起深究，再粗心的人也很容易意识到文学是联系着人们普遍兴趣的一个重要因素——仅仅是一个地方，一个行业或者是一个人的兴趣，即使以书本的形式出现也不算是文学。

文学的定义很容易受到限制，同样也很容易被扩大。大多数的书本都不能称之为文学，而相反的是，很多真正的文学却从未踏入过书本的行列。基督教堂里每个礼拜的布道词，数量巨大的文学讲坛，它们通过告诫、鼓励、振奋、安抚或警示对人们的心理产生了巨大而广泛的作用，但它们在图书馆里还占不到千分之一的席位。戏剧也是如此，举个例子来说，英国莎士比亚最优秀的戏剧，以及代表所有希腊灿烂文化的剧作早已在它们成为出版物被人传阅之前就已经在大众面前发表过了（根据“发表”一词最准确的意义来讲），并且在那个传抄和打印价格都很昂贵的年代里，它们以戏剧的形式发表而产生的影响远胜于书本所造成的影响。

18.单选题

“Myauntwillbedownpresently,Mr.Nuttel,”saidaveryself-possessedyoungladyoffifteen;“inthemeantimeyoumusttryandputupwithme.”

FramtonNuttelendeavoredtosaythecorrectsomethingwhichshoulddulyflatterthenieceofthemomentwithoutundulydiscountingtheauntthatwastocome.Privatelyhedoubtedmorethaneverwhethertheseformalvisitsonasuccessionoftotalstrangerswoulddomuchtowardshelpingthenervecurewhichhehassupposedtobeundergoing.

“Iknowhowitwillbe,”hissisterhadsaidwhenhewaspreparingtomigratetothisruralretreat;“youwillburyyourselfdownthereandnotspeaktoalivingsoul,andyournerveswillbeworsethaneverfrommoping.IshalljustgiveyoulettersofintroductiontoallthepeopleIknowthere.Someofthem,asfarasIcanremember,werequitenice.

FramtonwonderedwhetherMrs.Sappleton,theladytowhomhewaspresentingoneofthelettersofintroduction,cameintothenicedivision.

“Doyouknowmanyofthepeopleroundhere?”askedtheniece,whenshejudgedthattheyhadhadsufficientsilentcommunion.

“Hardlyasoul,”saidFramton.“Mysisterwasstayinghere,attherectory,youknow,somefouryears3go,andshegavemelettersofintroductiontosomeofthepeoplehere.”

Hemadethelaststatementinatoneofdistinctregret.

“Thenyouknowpracticallynothingaboutmyaunt?”pursuedtheself-possessedyounglady.

“Onlyhernameandaddress,”admittedthecaller.HewaswonderingwhetherMrs.Sappletonwasinthemarriedorwidowedstate.Anundefinablesomethingabouttheroomseemedtosuggestmasculinehabitation.

“Hergreattragedyhappenedjustthreeyearsago,”saidthechild;“thatwouldbesinceyoursister’stime,’

“Hertragedy?”askedFramton;somehowinthisrestfulcountryspottragediesseemedoutofplace.

“YoumaywonderwhywekeepthatwindowwideopenonanOctoberafternoon,saidtheniece，indicatingalargeFrenchwindowthatopenedontoalawn，

“Itisquitewarmforthetimeoftheyear，”saidFramton;“buthasthatwindowgotanythingtodowiththetragedy?”

“Outthroughthatwindow,threeyearsagotoaday,herhusbandandhertwoyoungbrotherswentofffortheirday'sshooting.Theynevercameback.Incrossingthemoortotheirfavoritesnipe-shootinggroundtheywereallthreeengulfedinatreacherouspieceofbog.Ithadbeenthatdreadfulwetsummer,youknow,andplacesthatweresafeinotheryearsgavewaysuddenlywithoutwarning.Thebodieswereneverrecovered.Thatwasthedreadfulpartofit.”Herethechild'svoicelostitsself-possessednoteandbecamefalteringlyhuman.“Poorauntalwaysthinksthattheywillcomebacksomeday,theyandthelittlebrownspanielthatwaslostwiththem,andwalkinatthatwindowjustastheyusedtodo.Thatiswhythewindowiskeptopeneveryeveningtillitisquitedusk.Poordearaunt,shehasoftentoldmehowtheywentout,herhusbandwithhiswhitewaterproofcoatoverhisarm,andRonnie,heryoungerbrother,singing,'Bertie,whydoyoubound?"ashealwaysdidtoteaseher,becauseshesaiditgotonhernerves.Doyouknow,sometimesonstill,quieteveninglikethis,Ialmostgetacreepyfeelingthattheywillallwalkinthroughthatwindow—”

Shebrokeoffwithalittleshudder.ItwasarelieftoFramtonwhentheauntbustledintotheroomwithawhirlofapologiesforbeinglateinmakingherappearance.

“IhopeVerahasbeenamusingyou?"shesaid.

“Shehasbeenveryinteresting,”saidFramton.

“Ihopeyoudon’tmindtheopenwindow,”saidMrs.Sappletonbriskly;“myhusbandandbrotherswillbehomedirectlyfromshooting,andtheyalwayscomeinthisway.They’vebeenoutforsnipeinthemarshestoday,sothey’llmakeafinemessovermypoorcarpets.Solikeyoumen-folk,isn’tit?”

Sherattledoncheerfullyabouttheshootingandthescarcityofbirds,andtheprospectsforduckinthewinter.ToFramtonitwasallpurelyhorrible.Hemadeadesperatebutonlypartiallysuccessfulefforttoturnthetalkonto