考研考博-英语-南昌影视传播职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南昌影视传播职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Whenyoufillintheapplicationform,pleaseuseyour（

）addresssothatwecancontactyoueasilylater.

问题1选项

A.policy

B.plain

C.permanent

D.principal

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项policy“政策，方针”；B选项plain“平的，简单的”；C选项permanent“永久的，永恒的”；D选项principal“主要的；资本的”。句意为：当您填写申请表时，请使用您的固定地址，以便我们以后容易联系您。C选项permanent“永久的，永恒的”符合语境，正确答案选C。

2.单选题

Nextsemester,Susanmusttakethreecompulsorycourses.

问题1选项

A.formal

B.voluntary

C.practical

D.required

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。compulsory“义务的；必修的；被强制的”；A选项formal“正式的；拘谨的；有条理的”；B选项voluntary“自愿的；故意的”；C选项practical“实际的；实用性的”；D选项required“必需的；必修的”。句意：下学期，苏珊必须修三门必修课。根据句中“courses课程”可知compulsory在这里的意思为“必修的”，因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

Tocompensateforthesubstantialdeclineintheavailabilityoffossilfuelsinfutureyears,wewillhavetoprovideatleast（）alternativeenergysource.

问题1选项

A.ananticipated

B.anofficial

C.anequivalent

D.aredundant

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：为了弥补未来几年中矿物燃料供应量的大幅度下降，我们不得不提供一种至少是（）的替代能源。

anticipated预期的，期望的；official官方的，正式的，公务的；equivalent等价的，相等的；redundant多余的，过剩的。C选项“相等的”符合句意。

4.单选题

Causeandeffectrelationshipsareoftenexpressedwithoutanyovertmarkers.

问题1选项

A.masked

B.evident

C.circular

D.inoperable

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。overt表示“明显的，外显的”；A项masked“戴面具的，潜伏的”，B项evident“明显的，明白的”，C项circular“循环的，圆形的”，D项inoperable“不实用的”。句意：因果关系的表达往往没有任何明显的标记。因此B项正确。

5.单选题

Shouldthiscrisiscontinue,thePalestinianheathsystemwillfurther（deteriorate）andserviceswillbedisrupted.

问题1选项

A.improve

B.recover

C.worsen

D.decrease

【答案】C

【解析】考查同义动词辨析。A选项improve“提高，增进”；B选项recover“修复，弥补”；C选项worsen“恶化，变得更快”；D选项decrease“减少，减小，降低”。句意：如果这一危机继续下去，巴勒斯坦保健系统将进一步恶化，服务将受到破坏。Deteriorate“恶化，变坏”，由此可知C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.

Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theanti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecolds，catarrhs（黏膜炎）andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovementofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy（中风）.The

suddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Butthepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculation,promotedigestion,tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.

Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothingfromthefewmodesexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfort,indeedtheylost;theydid,onthecoaches,haveaseat,butnowtheyhadtostandalltheway,whichgaveopportunitiestothecomic（滑稽的）press.Thiskindofthing:Amanwasseenyesterdaybuyingathird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.Thestateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto.

Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecond-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-baths,fromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.

1.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat______.

2.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailwayitselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept______.

3.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsaretruebut_____.

4.Wemaysafelyconcludethat_____.

5.Whatisthetoneofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogether

B.peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobe

C.alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikely

D.railwayleadstheworldtopeace

问题2选项

A.therailwayenablespeopletotravelfast

B.therailwaybringscomforttopeople

C.therailwaymakestheworldpeaceful

D.therailwayleadstheworldtowaraswell

问题3选项

A.tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealth

B.thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffectpeople’snerves

C.therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople’slungs

D.tothosewithhighblood-pressure,therapidspeedofthetraincausesthemtodie

问题4选项

A.theauthorbelongstotheanti-railwaygroup

B.theauthorbelongstothefor-railwaygroup

C.theauthorspeakshighlyoftherailway

D.theauthormaynevertaketrainbecauseofitspotentialdangers

问题5选项

A.Practical.

B.Satirical.

C.Humorous.

D.Exaggerated.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句，“themorewearetogether-themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.”，可知男孩女孩们都知道，大家越是团结在一起，发生战争的机会就越大，选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.”，可知没有人预见到铁路是发生战争机会越来越多的原因。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句，“wouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth”，可知火车对人体健康是最危险的。选项A可排除。根据文章第二段第三句，“Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.”，可知噪音和眩光对人的神经有影响，选项B可排除。根据第二段第四句，“woulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.”，可知对人体肺部也有影响，选项C排除。选项D符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.”，可知人们没有预见铁路是敌军快速移动的一种方式，可推断出作者提出了火车的不好，表明了自己反对铁路的立场，所以他是反铁路组织的一员。选项A符合题意。

5.作者态度题。文章第二段提到了火车会对身体健康等各方面带来危害，最后一段还举到了一位作家对火车描述的例子，可见作者是运用了讽刺的语气来描写的。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Thenewpolicieswill（）ratherthanhelppoorfamilies.

问题1选项

A.hide

B.hinder

C.hint

D.hind

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项动词hide“隐藏”，B项动词hinder“阻碍、打扰”，C项动词hint“暗示、示意”，D项形容词hind“后部的”；句意：新政策将阻碍而不是帮助贫困家庭。因此B选项正确。

8.单选题

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersorgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself,itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenal(刑法的)systemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat____.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey____.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton____.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause____.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey____.

问题1选项

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

问题2选项

A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

问题3选项

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

问题4选项

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

问题5选项

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【选项释义】

Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat____.人们可能无法在没有情感的世界中生存的原因是____。

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjectsA.他们无法分辨物体的纹理

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothemB.他们不知道什么对他们有益，什么对他们有害

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutloveC.没有爱的生活不会幸福

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelingsD.他们会做伤害彼此感情的事

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段“想象一个突然间没有情感的世界——一个人类感觉不到爱或幸福、恐惧或仇恨的世界。试着想象一下这种转变的后果。人们可能无法活下去：既不知喜也不知乐，既不知道焦虑也不知道恐惧，他们可能重复伤害自己的行为，就像重复有益的行为一样。（theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial）”由此可推断，没有感情的世界里，人们可能重复伤害或者有益的行为，因为他们不知道什么对他们有益，什么对他们有害。因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“他们无法分辨物体的纹理”，文章第二段第四句提到“但一个物体的物理方面没有它对我们所做或能做的事——伤害我们、让我们惊讶、激怒我们或让我们快乐——那么重要。”由此可知物体的物理方面对人们影响不大，因此不是人们无法生存的原因，该选项属于反向干扰；

C选项“没有爱的生活不会幸福”，根据定位点可知，不只是没有爱的生活，还有恐惧和仇恨，该选项属于以偏概全；

D选项“他们会做伤害彼此感情的事”，根据定位点可知，人们也会重复有益行为，该选项属于以偏概全。

2.【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey____.根据文章，人们的学习活动是可能的，因为他们____。

A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayaliveA.相信情绪是他们生存的基础

B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanotherB.受益于互相提供帮助和支持

C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthingC.享受因做正确的事情而得到奖励

D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsocietyD.知道什么是对社会进步至关重要的

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段第五行“他们无法学习：他们无法从经验中获益，因为这个没有情感的世界将缺少奖励和惩罚（theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments）。”由此可推断他们学习是因为可以从经验中获益，从世界里获得奖励。因此选C。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“相信情绪是他们生存的基础”，文中虽然提到，但该选项与题目无关，该选项属于出处错位；

B选项“受益于互相提供帮助和支持”，文中第一段提到“社会很快就会消失：人们互相伤害的可能性和提供帮助和支持的可能性一样大。”由此可知该选项与题目无关，该选项属于出处错位；

D选项“知道什么是对社会进步至关重要的”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton____.从文章中可以推断，社会的经济基础依赖于____。

A.theabilitytomakemoneyA.赚钱的能力

B.thewilltoworkforpleasureB.为快乐而工作的意愿

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentivesC.享受激励的能力

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiencesD.我们对情感经验的分类

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段最后“社会的经济基础将被摧毁，因为不会有任何形式的激励。因为正如我们将看到的，激励意味着享受它们的能力。”由此可推断，社会的经济基础依赖于享受激励的能力。因此选C。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“赚钱的能力”，赚钱的能力只是激励能力的一种，该选项属于以偏概全；

B选项“为快乐而工作的意愿”，工作的意愿只是享受激励能力的一种表现，该选项属于以偏概全；

D选项“我们对情感经验的分类”，文中提到“在我们的家庭、社区和整个社会中，我们也会根据情绪进行分类。”但与经济基础无关，该选项属于出处错位。

4.【选项释义】

Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause____.情绪对人类的生存和适应是重要的，因为____。

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjectsA.它们提供了人们观察物体大小和形状的方法

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintainedB.它们是维系社会的社会认同感的基础

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievementsC.它们鼓励人们去完成危险的成就

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeopleD.它们在人们之间产生的爱多于恨

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“在这样一个世界里，人类生存的机会几乎为零，因为情感是我们生存和适应的基本工具。情感以重要的方式为我们构建世界。”以及“我们与对象和事件的情感体验产生一种社会认同感，某些事情的感觉和行动是‘好’和其他的是‘坏’，我们这些类别适用于我们社会的方方面面——推而广之，从我们所吃的食物和我们所穿的衣物到我们如何保持承诺，我们这个群体会接受什么样的人。”由此可推断，我们的情感涉及社会认同感，会对某些事物达成好或者坏的情感认同，并且情感是我们构建世界的基础。因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“它们提供了人们观察物体大小和形状的方法”，人类对事物的形状大小的认知并不来源于情感，该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰；

C选项“它们鼓励人们去完成危险的成就”，文章最后一段提到“事实上，社会利用我们的情绪反应和态度，如忠诚、道德、骄傲、羞耻、内疚、恐惧和贪婪，为了保持本身，它高度奖励执行重要任务的个人，如手术，使得个人因为不寻常的或危险的成就，如在战争中驾驶战斗机成为英雄，并使用法律和刑法系统让人们不敢从事反社会行为。”可知是社会利用情感去完成危险的成就而不是情感本身，该选项属于偷换概念；

D选项“它们在人们之间产生的爱多于恨”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey____.一个物体的情感方面比它的物理方面更重要，因为它们____。

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofitA.有助于社会剥削其成员以获取利益

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasksB.鼓励我们执行重要的任务

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystemC.有助于完善法律和刑罚制度

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingusD.帮助我们调整我们的行为以适应我们周围的世界

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段第一句“在这样一个世界里，人类生存的机会几乎为零，因为情感是我们生存和适应的基本工具。”以及“我们与时间和对象的情感体验涉及社会认同感，某些事情的感觉和行动是‘好’和其他的是‘坏’，我们这些类别适用于我们社会的方方面面——推而广之，从我们所吃的食物和我们所穿的衣物到我们如何保持承诺，我们这个群体会接受什么样的人。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“有助于社会剥削其成员以获取利益”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

B选项“鼓励我们执行重要的任务”，文中提到“它高度奖励执行重要任务的个人”是社会利用人们的情绪反应和态度使人们调节行为的具体方式之一，该选项属于以偏概全；

C选项“有助于完善法律和刑罚制度”，文中提到“并使用法律和刑法系统让人们不敢从事反社会行为”是社会利用人们的情绪反应和态度使人们调节行为的具体方式之一，该选项属于以偏概全。

9.单选题

Asahistorianwho'salwayssearchingforthetextortheimagethatmakesusre-evaluatethepast,I'vebecomepreoccupiedwithlookingforphotographsthatshowourVictorianancestorssmiling(whatbetterwaytoshattertheimageof19th-centuryprudery?).I’vefoundquiteafew,and–sinceIstartedpostingthemonTwitter–theyhavebeencausingquiteastir.PeoplehavebeensurprisedtoseeevidencethatVictorianshadfunandcould,anddid,laugh.TheyarenotingthattheVictorianssuddenlyseemtobecomemorehumanasthehundred-or-soyearsthatseparateusfadeawaythroughourcommonexperienceoflaughter.

Ofcourse,Ineedtoconcedethatmycollectionof"SmilingVictorians"makesuponlyatinypercentageofthevastcatalogueofphotographicportraiturecreatedbetween1840and1900,themajorityofwhichshowsittersposingmiserablyandstifflyinfrontofpaintedbackdrops,orstaringabsentlyintothemiddledistance.Howdoweexplainthistrend?

Duringthe1840sand1850s,intheearlydaysofphotography,exposuretimeswerenotoriouslylong:thedaguerreotypephotographicmethod(producinganimageonasilveredcopperplate)couldtakeseveralminutestocomplete,resultinginblurredimagesassittersshiftedpositionoradjustedtheirlimbs.Thethoughtofholdingafixedgrinasthecameraperformeditsmagicaldutieswastoomuchtocontemplate,andsoanon-committalblankstarebecamethenorm.

Butexposuretimesweremuchquickerbythe1880s,andtheintroductionoftheBoxBrownieandotherportablecamerasmeantthat,thoughslowbytoday'sdigitalstandards,theexposurewasalmostinstantaneous.Spontaneoussmileswererelativelyeasytocapturebythe1890s,sowemustlookelsewhereforanexplanationofwhyVictoriansstillhesitatedtosmile.

Oneexplanationmightbethelossofdignitydisplayedthroughacheesygrin.“Naturegaveuslipstoconcealourteeth,”ranonepopularVictoriansaying,alludingtothefactthatbeforethebirthofproperdentistry,mouthswereofteninashockingstateofhygiene.Aflashingsetofhealthyandclean,regular"pearlywhites"wasararesightinVictoriansociety,thepreserveofthesuper-rich(andeventhen,dentalhygienewasnotguaranteed).

Atoothygrin(especiallywhenthereweregapsorblackenedteeth)lackedclass:drunks,tramps,andmusichallperformersmightgurnandgrinwithasmileaswideasLewisCarroll'sgum-exposingCheshireCat,butitwasnotabecominglookforproperlybredpersons.EvenMarkTwain,amanwhoenjoyedaheartylaugh,saidthatwhenitcametophotographicportraitstherecouldbe“nothingmoredamningthanasilly,foolishsmilefixedforever”.

1.Accordingtoparagraph1,theauthor'spostsonTwitter（

）.

2.WhatdoesauthorsayabouttheVictorianportraitshehascollected?

3.WhatmighthavekepttheVictoriansfromsmilingforpicturesinthe1890s?

4.MarkTwainisquotedtoshowthatthedisapprovalofsmilesinpictureswas（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthetextanswer?

问题1选项

A.changedpeople'simpressionoftheVictorians

B.highlightedsocialmedia'sroleinVictorianstudies

C.re-evaluatedtheVictoriansnotionofpublicimage

D.illustratedthedevelopmentofVictorianphotography

问题2选项

A.Theyareinpopularuseamonghistorians.

B.Theyarerareamongphotographsofthatage.

C.Theymirror19th-centurysocialconventions.

D.Theyshoweffectsofdifferentexposuretimes.

问题3选项

A.Theirinherentsocialsensitiveness.

B.Theirtensionbeforethecamera.

C.Theirdistrustofnewinventions.

D.Theirunhealthydentalcondition.

问题4选项

A.adeep-rootbelief

B.amisguidedattitude

C.acontroversialview

D.athought-provokingidea

问题5选项

A.WhydidmostVictorianslooksterninphotographs.

B.WhydidtheVictoriansstarttoviewphotographs.

C.WhatmadephotographydevelopslowlyintheVictorianperiod.

D.Howdidsmilinginphotographsbecomeapost-Victoriannorm.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

10.单选题

Ifyouwanttobuythishouse,thepaymentmaybemadeinfive（）.

问题1选项

A.installments

B.pieces

C.shares

D.parts

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项installments“分期付款”；B选项pieces“块，文章”；C选项shares“股份”；D选项parts“部分”。句意：如果你想买这栋房子，可以_____。这句话表示是“可以分五期付款”，因此A选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Butiflanguagehabitsdonotrepresentclasses,asocialstratificationintosomethingasbygoneas“aristocracy”and“commons”,theydostillofcourseservetoidentifysocialgroups.Thisissomethingthatseemsfundamentalintheuseoflanguage.Asweseeinrelationtopoliticalandnationalmovements,languageisusedasabadgeorabarrierdependingonwhichwaywelookatit.Thenewboyatschoolfeelsoutofitatfirstbecausehedoesnotknowtherightwordsforthings,andawe-inspiringpunditsofsixorsevenlookdownonhimfornotbeingawarethatracksymeans“dilapidated”，orhairy“outfirstball”.Theminertakesacertainprideinbeing“oneup”onthevisitorornovicewhocallsthecagea“lift”orwhothinksthatmenworkinginawarmseamareintheir“underpants”whenanyoneoughttoknowthatthegarmentsarecalledhoggers.The“insider”isseldomdispleasedthathislanguagedistinguisheshimfromthe“outsider”.

Quiteapartfromspecializedtermsofthiskindingroups,tradesandprofessions,thereareallkindsofstandardsofcorrectnessatwhichmostofusfeelmoreorlessobligedtoaim,becauseweknowthatcertainkindsofEnglishinviteirritationordownrightcondemnation.Ontheotherhand,weknowthatotherkindsconveysomekindofprestigeandbearawelcomecachet.

Inrelationtothesocialaspectsoflanguages,itmaywellbesuggestedthatEnglishspeakersfallintothreecategories,theassured,theanxiousandtheindifferent.Atoneendofthisscale,wehavethepeoplewhohave“position”and“status”,andwhothereforedonotfeeltheyneedworrymuchabouttheiruseofEnglish.TheireducationandoccupationmakethemconfidentofspeakinganunimpeachableformofEnglish:nofearofbeingcriticizedorcorrectedislikelytocrosstheirminds,andthisgivestheirspeechthatcharacteristicallyunselfconsciousandeasyflowwhichisoftenenvied.

Attheotherendofthescale,wehaveanequallyimperturbableband,speakingwithasimilardegreeofcarelessease,becauseeveniftheyareawarethattheirEnglishiscondemnedbyothers,theyaresupremelyindifferenttothefact.TheMrs.Mopsofthisworldhaveactiveandefficienttonguesintheirheads,andifwehappenednottoliketheirwaysofsayingthings,well,we“canlumpit”.Thatistheirattitude.Curiouslyenough,writersareinclinedtorepresentthespeechofboththeseextremepartieswith-inforing.Intheonehand,“we’regoin‘huntin’’，mydearsir”；ontheother,“we’regoin‘racin’,mate”

Inbetween,accordingtothisview,wehaveafarlessfortunategroup,theanxious.TheseactivelytrytosuppresswhattheybelievetobebadEnglishandassiduouslycultivatewhattheyhopetobegoodEnglish.Theylivetheirlivesinsomedegreeofnervousnessovertheirgrammar,theirpronunciation,andtheirchoiceofwords:sensitive,andfearfulofbetrayingthemselves.KeepingupwiththeJonesesismeasurednotonlyinhouses,furniture,refrigerators,cars,andclothes,butalsoinspeech.

Andthemisfortuneofthe“anxious”doesnotendwiththeirinneranxiety.Theirlotisalsotheopenorveiledcontemptofthe“assured”onthesideofthemandofthe“indifferent”ontheother.

Itisalltooeasytoraiseanunworthylaughattheanxious.Thepeoplethusuncomfortablystiltedonlinguistichighheelssooftenformpartofwhatis,inmanyways,themostadmirablesectionofanysociety:theambitious,tense,inner-drivenpeople,whoarebenton“goingplacesanddoingthings”.Thegreaterthepity,then,ifadisproportionateamountoftheirenergygoesintowhatMr.Sharplesscalled“thisshabbyobsession”withvariantformsofEnglish—especiallyifthenetresultis(assooften)merelytosoundaffectedandridiculous.”Here,accordingtoBacon,“isthefirstdistemperoflearning,whenmenstudywordsandnotmatterItseemstomethatPygmalion’sfrenzyisagoodemblem...ofthisvanity:forwordsarebuttheimagesofmatter;andexcepttheyhavelifeofreasonandinvention,tofallinlovewiththemistofallinlovewithapicture.”

1.Theattitudeheldbytheassuredtowardslanguageis.（

）.

2.Theanxiousareconsideredalessfortunategroupbecause（

）.

3.TheauthorthinksthattheeffortsmadebytheanxioustocultivatewhattheybelieveisgoodEnglishare（

）.

问题1选项

A.critical

B.anxious

C.self-conscious

D.nonchalant

问题2选项

A.theyfeeltheyaresociallylookeddownupon

B.theysufferfrominternalanxietyandexternalattack.

C.theyareinherentlynervousandanxiouspeople.

D.theyareunabletomeetstandardsofcorrectness

问题3选项

A.worthwhile

B.meaningless

C.praiseworthy

D.irrational

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

【解析】1.文章第三段对theassured进行了描述，这类人对自己的英语很自信，不需要为自己说英语而担心（donotfeeltheyneedworrymuchabouttheiruseofEnglish）。所以他们对语言应该是非常淡定的，选项D符合题意。

2.文章倒数第二段提到他们由焦虑带来的不幸不仅仅只是忍受内在的焦虑，而且还要遭受来自自信派和冷漠派的谴责。由此可知，他们遭受了内外煎熬。选项B符合题意。

3.文章最后一段对焦虑派的描述是：他们把过多的精力放到对变形了的英语，由disproportionateamountoftheirenergy,variantformsofEnglish,和thisshabbyobsession等可以看出作者认为焦虑派所做的努力是不明智的，选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

Theterm"folkcustom"isverybroad,butithasbeenusedbyfolkloriststorefertothosesharedpatternsofbehaviorsinaparticularfolkgroup.Thosepatternsofbehaviorsareregardedasthetraditionalandestablishedwaysofmembersoftheparticularfolkgroup.FolkcustomistransmittedbyWordofmouth,demonstrationorimitation.ThefolkloreandfolkcustomsofEnglandarerichandvaried.Manycustomsareancient,andpasseddowngenerationaftergenerationfromourGermanicandCelticancestors.Othersaremoremodemcreations.

Oneofthegreatestproblemsinassessingmostaccountsoffolkcustomsisthattheytendtogiveonlytheantiquary'spointofview.Afterall,tomostobservers,thepeopletheywerelookingatweresimpleandilliterate,unmindfulofthetruesignificanceofthecustomstheyhadpreserved.Whyquestionthematlengthiftheydidn'tunderstandtheessentialnatureofwhattheyweredoing?Soafolkloristislikelytoemphasizeaspectsofatraditionwhichreflecthisorherowninterestsorwhichfitinwithpreconceivedideas,whilepossiblyignoringorgivingonlypassingmentiontoaspectswhichmay,infact,beofequalimportance.

Oneaspectwhichgenerallygetsleftoutofaccountsistheviewpointoftheparticipantsthemselves:forinstance,whytheyindulgeinaparticularactivityataparticulartimeofyearoroftheirlivesandwhatfeelingstheyexperiencewhiledoingso.Andnow,ideasderivingfromfolklorestudiesateso-widespreadthattheymayeasilyhavebecomeanintegralpartoftheattitudeoftheparticipantsinacustom.Sothefolkloristisratherlikeamanstaringatasceneinamirrorwhomustbeaware,tofullyunderstandthatscene,thathisownreflectionisamajorpartofwhatheislookingat.

Itis,however,alsotruetosaythatmanycontemporarystudentsoffolklorearcfullyawareoftheproblemswhichbesettheirenquiries.Liketruescientiststheydrawtheirconclusionsbylookingatavailableevidence,rather-thanselectingevidencewhichfitsinwithexistingtheories.Somehavealsolookedawayfromthe"obviously"ancientandturnedtheirattentiontofolklorewhereitthrives,inthesociallifeofmoderncities,inindustryandsport,etc.Theymay,forexample,enduplookingattheloreofthemotorcar,orofpopularmusic,andatcustomswhich,thoughtheyhavenohintsofpaganism,neverthelessh