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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宿州学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Onewayforwriterstosupportapointisthrough(

),thatis,bymeansofseveralexamplestobackupanidea.

问题1选项

A.illustration

B.explanation

C.demonstration

D.interpretation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项illustration“说明”,有举例说明的意思;B选项explanation“解释”;C选项demonstration“游行示威,证明”;D选项interpretation“解释,说明”。根据severalexamples(几个例子)可知选A。句意:作家支持一个观点的一种方法是通过说明,即通过几个例子来支持一个观点。

2.单选题

Thelawyerpromisedtogotogreattodefendhim.

问题1选项

A.lengths

B.measures

C.efforts

D.endeavors

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项lengthsn.长度(指距离,时间);B选项measuresn.方法,对策;C选项effortsn.努力;D选项endeavorn.努力,尽力。gotogreatlengths表示“竭尽全力;不遗余力”,因此,正确答案是A项。句意:律师向他保证会竭尽全力为他辩护。

3.单选题

Distrustingwomen,heremaineda(

)allhislife.

问题1选项

A.marshal

B.bandit

C.bachelor

D.burglar

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。marshal意为“元帅”;bandit意为“土匪,强盗”;bachelor意为“未婚男子,单身汉,学士”;burglar意为“窃贼”。

句意:由于不信任女人,他做了一辈子单身汉。

4.单选题

Afakecanbedefinedasanartworkintendedtodeceive.Themotivesofitscreatoraredecisive,andthemeritoftheobjectitselfisaseparateissue.ThequestionmarkinthetitleofMarkJones’sFake?TheArtofDeceptionrevealsthestudy’sbroaderconcerns.Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal?Andthetextbeginsbynothingavarietyofpossibilitiessomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.Theseincludeworksbyanartist’sfollowersinthestyleofthemaster,deliberatearchaism,copyingforpedagogicalpurposes,andtheproductionofcommercialfacsimiles.

ThegreaterpartofFake?isdevotedtoachronologicalsurveysuggestingthatfakingfeedsonthemanydifferentmotivespeoplehaveforcollectingart,andthat,onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes.InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.InmedievalEurope,becauseartwascelebratedmoreforitsdevotionalusesthanforitsprovenanceortheingenuityofitscreators,thefakingofartwasvirtuallynonexistent.ThemodernageoffakingbeganintheItalianRenaissance,withtwolinkeddevelopments:apassionateidentificationwiththeworldofantiquityandagrowingsenseofindividualartisticidentity.ApatronoftheyoungMichelangeloprevailedupontheartisttomakehisSculptureSleepingCupidlookasthoughithadbeenburiedintheearthsothat“itwillbetakenforantique,andyouwillsellitmuchbetter.”Withinafewyears,however,beginningwithhisfirstmasterpiece,theBacchus,Michelangelohadshownhiscontemporariesthatgreatartcanassimilateandtranscendwhatcamebefore,resultinginawhollyoriginalwork.Soonhisgeniusmadehimtheobjectofimitators.

Fake?Alsoremindsusthatincertainculturesauthenticityisaforeignconcept.ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.Asanillustration,thestudycomparestwoversionsofachiwaramaskmadebytheBambarapeopleofMali.Onehaspegsallowingittobeattachedtoacapforitsintendedceremonialpurpose.Thesecond,otherwiseidentical,lacksthepegsandisareplicamadeforsale.Africancarvingisnotoriouslydifficulttodate,buteveniftheritualmaskisrecent,madeperhapstoreplaceadamagedpredecessor,andthereplicamucholder,onlytheritualmaskshouldbeseenasauthentic,foritistiedtotheform’soriginalfunction.That,atleast,istheconsensusoftheso-calledexperts.OnewonderswhethertheBambaranartistswouldagree.

56.Thepassagecanbestbedescribedasdoingwhichoneofthefollowing?

57.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressestheauthor’smainpoint?

58.TheauthorprovidesatleastoneexampleofeachofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

59.Theauthorimplieswhichoneofthefollowingabouttheartisticmeritsoffakes?

60.Bythestandarddescribedinthelastparagraphofthepassage,whichoneofthefollowingwouldbeconsideredauthentic?

问题1选项

A.Reconcilingvariedpointsofview.

B.Chroniclingtheevolutionofaphenomenon.

C.Exploringacomplexquestion.

D.Advocatinganewapproach.

问题2选项

A.Whetheraworkofartisfakeornotislessimportantthanwhetherithasartisticmerit.

B.Itispossibletoshowthataworkofartisfake,buttheauthenticityofaworknotbeprovedconclusively.

C.Avarietyofcircumstancesmakeitdifficulttodeterminewhetheraworkofartcanappropriatelybecalledafake.

D.Thefakingofarthasoccurredthroughouthistoryandinvirtuallyeveryculture.

问题3选项

A.categoriesofartthatareneitherwhollyfakenorwhollyoriginal

B.contemporaryartistswhoseworkshaveinspiredfakes

C.qualitiesthatartcollectorshaveprizedintheiracquisitions

D.culturesinwhichthefakingofartflourished

问题4选项

A.Afakemayormaynothaveartisticmeritinitsownright,regardlessofthecircumstancesofitsproduction.

B.Whetherafakehasartisticmeritdependsonwhetheritscreatorisaccomplishedasanartist.

C.Theartisticmeritoffakedependsonthemeritoftheoriginalworkthatinspiredthefake.

D.Afakecanbesaidtohaveartisticmeritonlyiftheattempteddeceptionissuccessful.

问题5选项

A.AnancientRomancopyofanancientGreeksculpture.

B.Amodernreconstructionofamedievalaltarpiecedesignedtoserveitstraditionalroleinaserviceofworship.

C.Aprintofapaintingsignedbytheartistwhopaintedtheoriginal.

D.ApaintingbegunbyRenaissancemasterandfinishedbyhisassistantsafterhisdeath.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】56.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“这篇文章可以最好的描述为在做下列哪一种事情?”。通读全文可知,都在从各个角度讲述赝品其实是另外一件艺术品这样一个复杂的问题,作者认为虽然创造者的动机是欺骗性的,但是这件艺术品本身的特质是另外一回事;而且在文中作者举了相关的例子加以说明,例如第二段第二句InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.(在罗马帝国时期,人们对收藏早期希腊艺术品有着广泛的兴趣,因此也热衷于伪造艺术品。毫无疑问,现在作为“罗马复制品”展出的许多雕塑最初被冒充为希腊雕塑)提到,罗马的艺术品很多是希腊当时的仿造品,但是现在仍然被视为珍宝。通过分析,C项“探索一个复杂的问题”符合题意。A项“调和不同的观点”,文中没有提到不同的观点;B项“记录某一现象的演变”,文中也没有记录赝品现象的演变;D项“提倡新方法”不符合文章大意。因此该题选C。

57.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干的意思是“下列哪个选项最好地表达了作者的主要观点?”。根据文章的第一段Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal?Andthetextbeginsbynothingavarietyofpossibilitiessomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.Theseincludeworksbyanartist’sfollowersinthestyleofthemaster,deliberatearchaism,copyingforpedagogicalpurposes,andtheproductionofcommercialfacsimiles.(事实上,它可能同样被命名为“原创?”;而且这篇文章一开始就没有任何可能性介于这两个极端之间;其中包括大师风格的追随者的作品、有意的古语、为教学目的的复制以及商业复制品的生产)可知,一件艺术品在各种情况下都没有可能性确定是赝品,所以C项“在各种各样的情况下,很难确定一件艺术品是否可以被恰当地称为赝品”符合题意。A项“一件艺术品是否赝品并不重要,重要的是它是否有艺术价值”,根据最后一段第二句ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.(当收藏家认为一件物品的真伪取决于它的功能时,很多非洲艺术品都是如此)可知,一件艺术品的重要之处还在于它的功能,A项片面,所以不选;B项“有可能证明一件艺术品是赝品,但无法最终证明一件艺术品的真伪”,文中提到没有任何可能证明一件艺术品是赝品,B项错误;D项“艺术造假在历史上和几乎每一种文化中都屡见不鲜”,选项本身没有错误,但是这不是文章主要的内容,文章主要是讨论赝品和艺术品的之间的区别和关系。因此该题选C。

58.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干的意思是“除了哪一项之外,作者至少为下列每一项提供了一个例子?”。A项“既非完全赝品也非完全原创的艺术类别”,根据文章第一段ThequestionmarkinthetitleofMarkJones’sFake?TheActofDeceptionrevealsthestudy’sbroaderconcerns.Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal?(马克•琼斯的《赝品:欺骗的艺术》一书,标题中的问号揭示了该研究更广泛的担忧。事实上,它可能同样被命名为“原创?”)可知,A项有所提及;B项“当代艺术家的作品激发了赝品的创作灵感”,文中没有相关提及的例子;根据第二段第一句fakingfeedsonthemanydifferentmotivespeoplehaveforcollectingart,andthat,onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes.(造假会助长人们收藏艺术品的多种不同动机,而且,总体而言,艺术收藏繁荣的时候,造假也就繁荣起来)可知,C项“这些品质是艺术收藏家在他们的藏品中所珍视的”和D项“伪造艺术盛行的文化”都有提及,只有B选项没有提到。因此该题选B。

59.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“作者暗示了下列哪一项是关于赝品的艺术价值?”。根据第二段第一句onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes(总体而言,艺术收藏繁荣的时候,造假也就繁荣起来)可知,赝品有没有艺术价值,取决于艺术收藏是否盛行,所以A项“一件赝品本身可能有也可能没有艺术价值,与它的生产环境无关”符合题意。B项“一个赝品是否有艺术价值,取决于它的创作者是否作为一个艺术家完成”,根据第二段InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.(在罗马帝国时期,人们对收藏早期希腊艺术品有着广泛的兴趣,因此也热衷于伪造艺术品;毫无疑问,现在作为“罗马复制品”展出的许多雕塑最初被冒充为希腊雕塑)可知,一个赝品是否有价值和它的创作者是不是艺术家无关,B项错误;C项“赝品的艺术价值取决于激发赝品灵感的原作的价值”,最后一段第二句提到ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.(当收藏家认为一件物品的真伪取决于它的功能时,很多非洲艺术品都是如此),由此可知赝品的艺术价值也可以取决于它的功能;D项“一件赝品只有在欺骗成功的情况下才可以说是有艺术价值的”,内容与文章不符。因此该题选A。

60.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干的意思是“根据文章最后一段所描述的标准,下列哪项会被认为是可信的?”。文章中最后一段第二句指出ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.(当收藏家认为一件物品的真伪取决于它的功能时,很多非洲艺术品都是如此),由此可知只有当收藏家是基于它的功能而把它视为艺术的时候,它才是真的;所以B项“现代重建的中世纪祭坛作品,为在礼拜仪式中发挥其传统作用而设计的”符合题意。A项“古希腊雕塑的古罗马复制品”不是最后一段的内容;C项“由原画作者签名的一幅画的复制品”和D项“一幅由文艺复兴时期的大师开始,在他死后由他的助手完成的画”在文中没有相关的出处。因此该题选B。

5.翻译题

Thenumberskeeprising,thesuperlativeskeepglowing.Eachyear,selectivecollegespromotetheirapplicationtotals,alongwiththevirtuesoftheirapplicants.

Forthisfairsfreshmanclass,thestatisticsreachedremarkablelevels.Stanfordreceivedarecord32,022applicationsfromstudentsitcalled’’simplyamazing”andaccepted7percentofthem.Brownsawanunprecedented30,135applicants,wholefttheadmissionsstaff"deeplyimpressedandattimesawed."Ninepercentwereadmitted.

ThebiggestboastcamefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles.Inanewsrelease,UCLAsaiditsacceptedstudentshad"demonstratedexcellenceinallaspectsoftheirlives."Citingitsrecord57,670applications,theuniversityproclaimeditself"themostpopularcampusinthenation.”

Suchannouncementstellastoryinwhichcollegesgetbetter——andstudentsgetmoreamazing-everyyear.Inreality,thenarrativeisfarmorecomplex,andtheimplicationsfarlesssunnyforstudentsaswellascollegescaughtupinthecruelcycleofselectivity

ToSomedegree,theincreasesareinevitable:thecollege-boundpopulationgrown,andso,too,hasthenumberofapplicationsstudentsfile,thanksinparttoonlinetechnology.

Butwhereveritisrainingapplications,collegeshavehelpedseedthecloudsbyrecruitingwidelyandaggressivelyforevermoreapplicants.

Admissionsofficersarechasingnotsomuchamoreperfectstudentasamoreperfectclass.Inagivenyear,thiselusiveidealmightrequiremoreviolinists,goalies,aspiringengineersorstudentswhocanpaythefullcostofattendanceCollegeseverywherewantmoreminoritystudents,moreout-of-statestudentsandmorestudentsfromoverseas.

Thepursuitrevealsthedualityofthemodemcollege:it’saplacethatservesthepublicinterestandabusinesswithabottomline.

Althoughthetensionbetweenmissionandmarketinghaslongdefinedadmissions,manybelievethebalancehastiltedtoofartowardthelatter.ManycollegeshavemadeapplyingassimpleasupdatingaFacebookpage.Somedeansandguidancecounselorscomplainthatit’stooeasy.Theyquestiontheethicsofintenserecruitmentbycollegesthatrejecttheoverwhelmingmajorityofapplicants.

"It’slikeneedinganewstereoandbuyingthewholeRadioShack,saysMarkSpeer,directorofcollegecounselingattheColumbiaGrammarandPreparatorySchoolinNewYork."Withthesebiggerpools,collegesaregettingalotofstudentswhohavenochance."

FredHargadon,formerdeanofadmissionsatPrincetonandStanford,doubtsthatmoreandmoreapplicantsmakeforastrongerclass,

“Icouldn’tpickabetterclassoutof30000applicantsthanoutof15.000hesays,"I’djustenduprejectingmultiplesofthesamekid.”

【答案】斯坦福大学收到了创纪录的32,022份来自学生的申请,斯坦福称这些申请“简直太棒了”,并接受了其中7%的申请。

在现实中,故事要复杂得多,对于陷入残酷的选择性循环的学生和大学来说,其含义也远没有那么光明

但是,只要有大量的申请,大学就会通过广泛而积极地招收更多的申请者,为申请埋下伏笔。

这种追求揭示了现代大学的两面性:它是一个为公众利益服务的地方也是一个有底线的企业。

“在3万名申请者中,我找不到比15.000名更好的了,”他说道,我只是最终拒绝同样的孩子。

6.单选题

Inresponsetothesignals,therobotarmsmakescribblesonwhitecanvaswiththreecoloredmarkersattachedtotheendofthearms.

问题1选项

A.images

B.scripts

C.scratches

D.characters

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项images“图像;影像;肖像”;B选项scripts“原稿”;C选项scratches“刮伤;刮花”;D选项characters“特性;人物角色”。句意:作为对信号的回应,机器人手臂会在白色画布上涂鸦,手臂末端有三个彩色标记。结合此处关键词markers“记号”,得知B选项正确。

7.填空题

EveryweekhundredsofCVs(简历)landonourdesks.We’veseenitall:CVsprintedonpinkpaper,CVsthatare10(1)pageslongandCVswithsillymistakesinfirstparagraph.A(2)goodCVisyourpassporttoailinterviewand,ultimate,tothejobyouwant.

Initialimpressionsarevital,andabadlypresentedCV(3)couldmeanacceptance,regardlessofwhat’sinit.(4)Hereareafewwaystoavoidendupontherejectpile.PrintyourCVongood-qualitywhitepaper.CVswithflowerybackgroundsorpinkpaperwill(5)standoutuponallthewrongreasons.

Getsomeonetocheckforspellingandgrammatical(6)errors,becauseaspell-checkerwillpickupeverymistake.CVswitherrorswillberejected—itshowsthatyoudon’tpayattentiontodetail.

Restrictyourselftooneortwopages,and(7)listinganypublicationsorrefereesonaseparatesheet.IfyouaresendingyourCVelectronically,checkthe(8)formattingbysendingittoyourselffirst.Keepuptheformatsimple.

Donotsendaphotounlessspecificallyrequested.If(9)youhavetosendone,makesureitisonetakinginaprofessionalsetting,ratherthanaholidaysnap.

Gettingthepresentationrightisjustthefirststep.Whataboutthecontent?TheRulehereistokeepitfactualand(10)truthful—exaggerationsusuallygetfindout.AndremembertotailoryourCVtoeachdifferentjob.

【答案】1.infirstparagraph改为inthefirstparagraph

2.ultimate改为ultimately

3.could改为couldnot

4.end改为ending

5.upon改为among

6.up改为out

7.listing改为list

8.keepup改为keep

9.taking改为took

10.find改为found

【解析】1.语法错误。根据文意,可知这里特指第一段,所以需添加定冠词the。句意:10页长的简历和第一段有愚蠢错误的简历。

2.语法错误。根据句子结构可知,这里需要用副词ultimately修饰整个句子。句意:一份好的简历是你面试的通行证,也是你最终得到你想要的工作的通行证。

3.上下文语义理解错误。根据文章意思,可知一份看上去糟糕的简历不会被接受,应该为否定意义,所以需在could后添加not。句意:最初的印象是至关重要的,一个糟糕的简历可能意味着不被接受,不管内容怎么样。

4.搭配错误。根据搭配avoiddoingsth.“避免做某事”,可知应该用end的-ing形式。句意:这里有一些方法可以避免堆积。

5.语法错误。Upon“在……之上”,根据文意,可知文意为在……之间,所以选用解析among。句意:背景绚丽或粉红色纸的简历会在简历之间脱颖而出。

6.搭配错误。根据文意,可知表达的意思为“挑出每一个错误”。Pickup“捡起,获得”;pickout“挑出”。句意:找个人检查一下拼写和语法错误,拼写检查者会发现每一个错误。

7.语法错误。根据句子结构可知这里是由and连接的两个并列祈使句,restrict和list为并列成分,所以都应该用动词原形。句意:只着重浏览一两页,在另一单独页列出任何出版物或推荐者。

8.语法错误。固定搭配keepupdoingsth.“保持/继续做某事”。根据句意,可知表达的意思为“保持简单”,up需省略。Keep可以单独做系动词,后接形容词。

9.语法错误。根据句子结构,可知taking作one的后置定语,one指代photo,take和photo之间存在被动关系,所以应该用过去分词作后置定语,改为took。句意:如果你必须发送一张照片,确保它是在专业情况下拍摄的,而不是假日快照。

10.搭配错误。根据固定搭配getsth.done“使……被……”,可知动词原形find应该改为found过去分词表被动,表示“被找出,被发现”。句意:规则是保持真实——过分夸张通常会被发现。

8.单选题

Mrs.Jenkins,uponhearingthatherarmwasbroken,looked______atthedoctor.

问题1选项

A.jovially

B.plaintively

C.fortuitously

D.opportunely

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.jovially高兴地;愉快地B.plaintively哀怨地,伤心地

C.fortuitously偶然地,意外地D.opportunely及时地;恰好地

【答案】B

【考查点】副词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息herarmwasbroken(她的胳膊断了)可知,空格处填入“伤心地”符合句意。因此,该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】詹金斯太太听到她的胳膊断了,悲伤地看着医生。

9.单选题

Awordprocessorismuchbetterthanatypewriterinthatitenablesyoutoenterand(

)yourtextmoreeasily.

问题1选项

A.register

B.edit

C.propose

D.discharge

【答案】B

【解析】句意:文字信息处理机比打字机好得多,因为它能使你更容易地输入和编辑文本。

动词辨析。Register登记,注册;edit编辑,校对;propose建议,打算;discharge排放,解雇。因此B符合句意。

10.单选题

Mygrandpagavemeawatch,whichismadeofgold,()Ikeeptothisday.

问题1选项

A.andthus

B.and

C.so

D.andwhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法。题目中有两个非限制性定语从句,第一个由which引导,先行词在定语从句中做主语,第二个也需用关系代词which,先行词在定语从句中做宾语,所以也不能省略,选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

Alltheflights(

)becauseofthesnowstorm,wehadtotakethetraininstead.

问题1选项

A.werecanceled

B.hadbeencanceled

C.havingcanceled

D.havingbeencanceled

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语是“alltheflights”,句子主语是“we”,一个句子中不能有两个谓语动词,因此选项A、B可以排除;flights与cancel是被动关系,所以选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

Theoldking(

).Theyaremakinganewking.

问题1选项

A.wasbelievedtobekilled

B.isbelievedbeingkilled

C.isbelievedhavingbeenkilled

D.isbelievedtohavebeenkilled

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法。由第二句“他们正在选举一位新国王”可知,之前的国王被认为已经杀害了,故用现在完成时的被动,再结合bebelievedto“被认为……”可知D项正确。句意:他们认为之前的国王已经被杀害了,他们正在选举一位新国王。

13.单选题

Wehad()wonderfultime()theparty()otherday.

问题1选项

A.a,on,the

B./,at,on

C.a,at,the

D./,on,/

【答案】C

【解析】句意:前几天,我在聚会上玩得很开心。

考查固定搭配。haveawonderfultime玩得开心。atparty在聚会上。theotherday前几天。

14.单选题

TomandRachelLeihbachei’sfriendshavealwaysbeeninstrumentalintheirlives.

问题1选项

A.approachable

B.thoughtful

C.functional

D.helpful

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。instrumental表示“乐器的,有帮助的,仪器的”;A项approachable“亲切友善的,易理解的,可接近的”,B项thoughtful“深思的,体贴的,关切的”,C项functional“功能的”,D项helpful“有帮助的,有益的”。句意:汤姆和雷切尔雷巴赫的朋友在他们的生活中一直很有帮助。根据句意可知,instrumental在句中表示“有帮助的”,D项的意思符合句子。因此,该题选择D项正确。

15.单选题

Thebranchesofthesmalltreecouldhardly(

)theweightofthefruit.

问题1选项

A.retain

B.maintain

C.remain

D.sustain

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。retain“保持,记住”;maintain“保持”;remain“保持,留下”;sustain“维持,支持,支撑”。句意;小树的枝丫很难承受果实的重量。D项符合题意。

16.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetII.

Thehypothesisofnaturalselectionmaynotbeacompleteexplanation,butitledtoagreaterthingthanitself—anacceptanceofthetheoryoforganicevolution,whichtheyearshavebutconfined.Yetatfirstsomenaturalistsjoinedtheopposition.Tothemany,whowereunabletojudgethebiologicalevidence,theeffectofthetheoryofevolutionseemedincredibleaswellasdevastating,toruncountertocommonsenseandtooverwhelmallphilosophicandreligiouslandmarks.Eveneducatedman,choosingbetweentheBookofGenesisandtheOriginofSpecies,proclaimedwithDisraelithathewas“onthesideoftheAngels”.

【答案】自然选择的假说可能不是一个完整的解释,但它引出了一个比它本身更伟大的东西——对有机进化理论的接受,这一理论多年来一直受到限制。然而,起初有些博物学家加入了反对阵营。对许多无法判断生物学证据的人来说,进化论的影响似乎难以置信,而且是毁灭性的,它与常识背道而驰,压倒了所有哲学和宗教的里程碑。即使是受过教育的人,在《创世纪》和《物种起源》中做出选择时,也会和迪斯雷利一起宣称自己“站在天使一边”。

17.单选题

Flood,()andfaminearenaturaldisastersoftenfacingthepeopleinthepeninsula.

问题1选项

A.war

B.sanction

C.overpopulation

D.drought

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项war“战争,斗争,军事,竞争”;B选项sanction“制裁,处罚,认可,支持”;C选项overpopulation“人口过剩”;D选项drought“干旱,久旱”。句意:洪水、()和饥荒是半岛人民经常面临的自然灾害。题干中主要谈论naturaldisasters自然灾害,空格前后也都是自然因素。因此D选项正确。

18.单选题

()isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

问题1选项

A.What

B.That

C.It

D.As

【答案】D

【解析】考查as的用法。as可作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句,意为“如……一样,像……一样”等;as引导的从句一般用逗号与主句隔开,可以位于主句的前面、中间或后面。句意:人们普遍认为,经济的增长取决于生产的顺利发展。因此D选项正确。

19.单选题

Thepeasants,distributedbytheshiftfromamedievaltoamoderneconomy,hadlongbeeninferment.

问题1选项

A.poverty

B.turmoil

C.prosperity

D.stability

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项poverty“贫困”;B选项turmoil“骚动”;C选项prosperity“繁荣”;D选项stability“稳定”。句意:由于中世纪经济向现代经济的转变,农民们早已处于骚动之中。划线部分ferment是骚动的意思。因此B选项正确。

20.单选题

Thenewmiracleofthemedicalworldisthestemcell,amarvelofhumannatureinthatitcanbecomeanyofnearly220celltypesthatconstitutethehumanbody.Itisoftencalledablankcellthatcanbeprogrammedtobecomeothercells.Researcherspredictthat,byusingstemcells,theycancreateorgansthatcanbetransplantedintopeoplewhodesperatelyneedthemtosavetheirlives.Themostcommonsourceofstemcellsisthehumanembryo,theinitialstageofhumanlifeafterafemaleeggisimpregnatedbyamalesperm.InthisveryfactliesanethicalconundrumthathasrockedboththemedicalandpoliticallandscapeoftheUnitedStatesandothercountries.Coupledwiththisisnewresearchincloning,whichhasseensomesuccessindevelopinganimalspecieswithouttheuseofnormalbirthingprocedures.Alloftheseareasofresearcharemakingquiteafewpeoplenervousaboutboththesourcesofstemcellsandwheretheresearchistakingmankind.

Moststemcell-containingembryoscomefromfourdifferentsources:fertilityclinicswhichoftenstoremorehumanembryosthanareneeded;fetusesfromunwantedpregnanciesthatareaborted;therapeuticcloning,whichiswhenahumaneggisstimulatedintoanembryo-likestate;andcustom-fertilizationinwhichahumaneggisdeliberatelyfertilizedwithspermtocreateanembryoinordertoharvestitsstemcells.Morallymanypeopleareoutragedbythesesources,claimingthathumanlifeisnotsomethingthatshouldbetamperedwithandcreatedjustforscientificandmedicalpurposes.Atthecoreofthisdebateistheissueofwhatreallyconstitutesahumanbeing,withonesideclaimingahumandoesnotexistuntilbornfromitsmotherwhiletheothersideclaimsthatonceeggandspermmeet,lifehasbegun.

TheUnitedStatesgovernmenthastakenanactiveroleinthedebateandisconsciouslylookingatthevotingboothwhilemakingdecisionsregardingstemcellresearch.Thegovernmentgavethego-aheadforfederalspendingonstemcellresearchbutlimitedactivitytospecimensthatalreadyexisted,meaningnonewembryoscouldbecreatedsolelyforstemcellresearch.Similarlawsregardingcloningresearchhavebeenproposed,includingtherapeuticcloning.Manyuniversitiesandresearchcentersworrythattheselawsmaycausetheirbestandbrightestscientiststoseekappointmentsoverseas,wherestemcellresearchisnotsocontroversial.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,astemcellisunlikeothercellsbecause().

2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,allofthefollowingaresourcesofsteincellsEXCEPT().

3.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,themaindebateconcerningstemcellsourcesrevolvesaround(

).

4.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?

5.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,Americanuniversitiesandresearchinstitutesareworriedabout(

).

问题1选项

A.ithasatleast220differentparts

B.itcandevelopintoanyothercell

C.ithasbeenusedtocureillness

D.itisatthecenterofacontroversy

问题2选项

A.artificiallyimpregnatedwomen

B.humaneggsthatactliketheyarefertilized

C.embryosmadeforpeoplewhocannotconceive

D.theremainsofunwantedbabies1.().

问题3选项

A.howtheyareextractedfromthesource

B.whatthestemcellareusedfor

C.themethodsusedtoproducethem

D.whensomeonebelieveslifebegins

问题4选项

A.TheUnitedStatesgovernmentisinvolvedinthedebateonstemcellsonlybecauseitisworriedaboutthevoters.

B.ThevotersaremakingtheUnitedStatesgovernmentworriedaboutitspositiononstemcellresearch.

C.TheissueofstemcellresearchisonethatUnitedStatesvotersareconcernedabout

D.TheUnitedStatesgovernment’sdecisionsonstemcellresearchreflectwhatitsvotingpublicwants.2.().

问题5选项

A.notgettingenoughfundsforstemcellresearch

B.losingpeopleforbetteropportunitieselsewhere

C.havingthegovernmentshutdowntheiroperations

D.havingtofindnewsourcesofstemcells

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:Thenewmiracleofthemedicalworldisthestemcell,amarvelofhumannatureinthatitcanbecomeanyofnearly220celltypesthatconstitutethehumanbody(医学界的新奇迹是干细胞。令人惊叹的是,它可以成为构成人体的近220种细胞中的任何一种),故选B“它能发展成任何其它的细胞”。

2.细节事实题。题干问:根据第二段,以下哪项不是干细胞的来源。A:人工怀孕的女性,B:类似于已受精状的人类卵子,C:为不孕的人所做的胚胎,D:意外怀孕产出的婴儿的遗体。根据题干定位至第二段:Moststemcell-containingembryoscomefromfour

differentsources:fertilityclinicswhichoftenstoremorehumanembryosthanareneeded;fetusesfromunwantedpregnanciesthatareaborted;therapeuticcloning,whichiswhenahumaneggisstimulatedintoanembryo-likestate;andcustom-fertilizationinwhichahumaneggisdeliberatelyfertilizedwithspermtocreateanembryoinordertoharvestitsstemcells(大多数包含干细胞的胚胎来自四个不同的来源:经常储存有多余人类胚胎的产科;因意外怀孕而被流产的胎儿;治疗性克隆(即人类卵子被刺激成胚胎状)和特定的受精(即人类卵子被故意地与精子受精来创造一个胚胎,以便获取其干细胞)),因此只有A未被提及。故选A。

3.细节事实题。第二段指出:Atthecoreofthisdebateistheissueofwhatreallyconstitutesahumanbeing,withonesideclaimingahumandoesnotexistuntilbornfromitsmotherwhiletheothersideclaimsthatonceeggandspermmeet,lifehasbegun(这场争论的中心是什么真正地构成了人类,一方的人宣称直到从母亲身体生出来之后,人才真正存在,然而另一方的人却宣称一旦卵子和精子结合生命就开始了)。故选D“人们认为生命是从何吋开始”。

4.判断推理题。最后一段划线句句意为:美国政府己积极参与这场争论,在做有关干细胞研究的决定吋正有意识地看着投票站。由此可知D项“美国政府有关干细胞研究的决定反映出其投票的公众的需求”正确。

5.细节事实题。最后一段指出:Manyuniversitiesandresearchcentersworrythattheselawsmaycausetheirbestandbrightestscientiststoseekappointmentsoverseas,wherestemcellresearchisnotsocontroversial(很多大学和研究中心担心,这些法律可能导致它们优秀和最杰出的科学家们前往干细胞研究没有如此有争议的海外寻求职位)。由此可知B“因海外更好的机会而流失人才”正确。

21.单选题

Ithasalwaysbeendifficultforthephilosopherorscientisttofittimeintohisviewoftheuniverse.PriortoEinsteinianphysics,therewasnotrulyadequateformulationoftherelationshipoftimetootherforcesintheuniverse,eventhoughsomeempiricalequationsincludedtimequantities.However,eventheEinsteinianformulationisnotperhapstotallyadequatetothejoboffittingtimeintotheproperrelationshipwiththeotherdimensions,astheyarecalled,ofspace.Theprimaryproblemarisesinrelationtothingswhichmightbegoingfasterthanthespeedoflight,orhaveotherstrangeproperties.

ExaminationoftheLorentz-Fitzgeraldformulasyieldstheinterestingspeculationthatifsomethingdidactuallyexceedthespeedoflightitwouldhaveitsmassexpressedasanimaginarynumberandwouldseemtobegoingbackwardsintime.Thebarriertoexceedingthespeedoflightisanapparentneedtohaveaninfinitequantityofmassmovedatexactlythespeedoflight.Ifthissituationcouldbeleapedoverinalargequantumjump-whichseemshighlyunlikelyformassesthatarelargeinnormalcircumstances-thentheothersidemaybeachievable.

Theideaofgoingbackwardsintimeisderivedfromtheexistenceofatimevectorthatisnegative,althoughjustwhatthismightmeantooursensesintheunlikelycircumstanceofourexperiencingthisstatecannotbeconjectured.Therehavebeen,infact,someobservationsofparticlechamberswhichhaveleadsomescientiststospeculatethataparticlecalledthetachyonmayexistwiththetans-lightpropertieswehavejustdiscussed.

Thedifficultiesofimaginingandcopingwiththesepotentialimplicationsofourmathematicalmodelspointsouttheimportanceofstudyingalternativemethodsofnotationforadvancedphysics.ProfessorZuckerkandl,inhisbookSoundandSymbol,hypothesizesthatitmightbebettertoexpresstherelationshipsfoundinquantummechanicsthroughtheuseofanotationde

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