考研考博-英语-安徽邮电职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽邮电职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Itwasunusualforthere（）sofewstudentsintheclassroom.

问题1选项

A.tobe

B.be

C.being

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】考查句式。介词for后面跟的存在句采用不定式形式。句意：教室里的学生这么少是不寻常的。因此A选项正确。

2.填空题

A:Ican'tspeakRussian.

B:Ican't（

）.Weobviouslyneedaninterpreter.

【答案】neither

【解析】语义题。Neither表示“两者都不……”。

3.单选题

（）adelay,thetrainwillarriveinShanghaiat6:30a.m.

问题1选项

A.Except

B.Barring

C.Apartfrom

D.Onaccountof

【答案】B

【解析】介词词义解析。except“除了”；barring“倘若”；apartfrom“除……以外”；onaccountof“由于”。题中adelay是一个名词，所以需填入介词。句意：倘若没有延误的话，或者应该会在上午六点半到达上海。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Whenthefarmersvisitedthecityforthefirsttime,theywere______byitscomplicatedtrafficsystem.

问题1选项

A.evoked

B.bewildered

C.diverted

D.undermined

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.evoked引起，唤起（感情、记忆或形象）B.bewildered使迷惑，使糊涂

C.diverted使转向，转移（某人）的注意力D.undermined逐渐削弱（信心、权威等），使逐步减少效力

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意“农民们第一次进城时，他们被城市复杂的交通系统______”可知，他们是对城市复杂的交通系统感到困惑，所以该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】农民们第一次进城时，对城市复杂的交通系统感到迷惑不解。

5.单选题

Takingadvantageofhispopularityintheopinionpolls,thePrimeMinisterhasdecidedtocalla________electionfornextmonth.

问题1选项

A.convincing

B.magnetic

C.snap

D.clean-cut

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“convincing”，意为“令人信服的；有说服力的”；B选项“magnetic”，意为“地磁的；有磁性的；有吸引力的”；C选项“snap”，意为“突然的”，snapelection是个短语，意为“提前选举；临时选举”；D选项“clean-cut”，意为“（尤指男人）外表整洁的，优雅高尚的；轮廓分明的”。句意：首相利用他在民意调查中的声望，决定在下个月__提前__举行选举。本句表示“首相想趁着自己在民意调查中富有声望，于是提前进行选举，来获取优势地位”。因此C选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Elaine,Justin’smom,hadsetdownthehouseruleswithself-confidentassurance.Onlythemostobtusepersonwouldhavefailedtounderstand:notattoos,nobodypiercingsandnoco-edsleepoverswhilelivinginthehouseofElaineTuckerBrown.Still,thedayJustinturned18,heliedtohismotheraboutwherehewasgoingandheadedstraighttothetattooparlor,asifimpervioustohismother’swrath.Hegotalightblueheart,thesizeofanorangepermanentlyetchedonhisarm.Abovethisworkofartwastheword“Blessed”.No,Justinwasnotstupid,buthewasobstinate.Elainesawthisasanactofsheerdefiance.Shewasincensed,herangerexacerbatedbythefactthatJustinhadbreezedintothehouse,foundherinthekitchen,takenoffhisshirtwithasmileandsaid,“Gotit!”“No,Justin.Letmetellwhatyou'vegot,”Elainesaidangrily.“You'vegotfiveminutestogoupstairsandpackabag.IamtakingyoutoPop-Pop's.”TheridetoPop-Pop’shousewaschilly,tosaytheleast.ElaineberatedJustinforeverythingshecouldthinkof,whichwasn’tmuchbecausehewasastraightAseniorwithafullacademicscholarshiptohistopcollegepick.Hehadakindheartandstartedafoundationintheninthgrade,whichdonatedusedsportingequipmenttounderprivilegedkidsinSouthAfrica.Elainepulleduptoherfather’sdoorandorderedJustinout.Not10minuteslater,hercellphonerang.“Elaine,haveyoulostit?Youarekickingaboyasgoodashimoutthehouseforatattoo-thatsays‘Blessed’,noless?”herfatherasked,incredulous.“Youwillmisshimsomuch.Don’tcutoffyournosetospiteface,Elaine.Comepickthisyoungmanup.”Elaine,havinggrownupobeyingmostofherparents’demands,turnedhercararoundandwentbacktopickupherson.Justinwassurprisinglycontrite.“Sorryforbeingsodisrespectful,Mom,”hesaidearnestly.“Iwilltrytofollowhouserulesfromnowon.”

1.Whattitlewouldbestfitthispassage?

2.WhatwasJustin’sattitudewhenheshowedhismotherthetattoo?

3.WhichofthefollowingdetailsdoesnotmakethereadersympathetictoJustin?

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebestinterpretationoftheunderlinedidiomintheparagraph?

问题1选项

A.“HouseRules”

B.“VisitingPop-Pop”

C.“StraightA’s”

D.“BodyPiercings”

问题2选项

A.cautiouslyjubilant

B.willfullydefiant

C.convincinglycontrite

D.noticeablymelodramatic

问题3选项

A.Heisdescribedasobstinate.

B.Heisportrayedaskind-hearted.

C.HeisdescribedasastraightAstudent.

D.Heisdescribedasreceivingafullscholarshiptocollege.

问题4选项

A.Callingsomethingbadthatisnot.

B.Tryingtoteachsomethingtoodifficult.

C.Lovingapersonlessforwhathehasdone.

D.Pursuingrevengeandhurtingyourselfintheprocess.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Whattitlewouldbestfitthispassage?1.什么标题最适合这篇文章？

A.“HouseRules”A.“家规”

B.“VisitingPop-Pop”B.“拜访爷爷”

C.“StraightA’s”C.“优等生”

D.“BodyPiercings”D.“身体穿刺”

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】根据文章首尾两句“贾斯汀的妈妈伊莱恩自信满满地定下了家里的规矩”，以及“从现在开始，我会尽量遵守家里的规矩”，可以知道，首尾两句都提到了houserules（家规）这个词语，可见本文主要是围绕家规展开的。故该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B项“‘拜访爷爷’”、C项“‘优等生’”和D项“‘身体穿刺’”都是文中的细节，不是主旨，属于以偏概全。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.WhatwasJustin’sattitudewhenheshowedhismotherthetattoo?2.当贾斯汀给他妈妈看纹身时，他是什么态度？

A.cautiouslyjubilantA.谨慎地高兴

B.willfullydefiantB.故意挑衅

C.convincinglycontriteC.令人信服地忏悔

D.noticeablymelodramaticD.引人注目地夸张

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至文章第六、七、八句“不，贾斯汀不笨，但他很固执（obstinate）。伊莱恩认为这是公然的挑衅（anactofsheerdefiance）。她被激怒了，贾斯汀轻快地走进房子（Justinhadbreezedintothehouse），发现她在厨房里，他脱下了衬衫，微笑着（withasmile）说，‘知道了！’”，由Justinhadbreezedintothehouse（贾斯汀轻快地走进房子）和withasmile（带着微笑）可以看出，贾斯汀的态度是任性固执又带有挑衅的，B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“谨慎地高兴”和D项“引人注目地夸张”根据解题思路可知，该两项不符合原文，属于曲解原文；

C项“令人信服地忏悔”，是贾斯汀去了爷爷家之后的态度，不复合题干，属于张冠李戴。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.WhichofthefollowingdetailsdoesnotmakethereadersympathetictoJustin?3.以下哪一个细节不能让读者同情贾斯汀？

A.Heisdescribedasobstinate.A.他被描述为固执。

B.Heisportrayedaskind-hearted.B.他被描绘成一个善良的人。

C.HeisdescribedasastraightAstudent.C.他被描述成一个优等生。

D.Heisdescribedasreceivingafullscholarshiptocollege.D.他获得了大学全额奖学金。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据原文可知，贾斯汀是一个心地善良的人，每门学科都拿A，获得了全额奖学金，这些都是他的优点，能够引起读者的同情，但他固执这一点，无法引起读者的同情，所以本题选A项“他被描述为固执”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】B项“他被描绘成一个善良的人”、C项“他被描述成一个优等生”和D项“他获得了大学全额奖学金”，根据解题思路可知，这三项都是让读者同情的地方，属于反向干扰。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebestinterpretationoftheunderlinedidiomintheparagraph?4.下面哪一项是对段落中划线习语的最佳诠释？

A.Callingsomethingbadthatisnot.A.说一些并不坏的事情。

B.Tryingtoteachsomethingtoodifficult.B.试图教一些太难的东西。

C.Lovingapersonlessforwhathehasdone.C.爱一个人不是因为他所做的事。

D.Pursuingrevengeandhurtingyourselfintheprocess.D.在报复的过程中伤害了自己。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位到划线句子所在处，即文章倒数第五句“不要割下自己的鼻子来和脸过不去（Don’tcutoffyournosetospiteface）”，结合上下文语境：贾斯汀因为纹身惹恼了妈妈，妈妈生气地把车开到爷爷家，将贾斯汀赶下车自己走了。爷爷打来电话告诉贾斯汀的妈妈：这么优秀的孩子，你会十分想念他的。由此可以推断，划线句意为不要为了报复反而伤害了自己。选项D符合原文。

【干扰项排除】A项“说一些并不坏的事情”、B项“试图教一些太难的东西”和C项“爱一个人不是因为他所做的事”根据解题思路可知，属于曲解原文。

7.单选题

Theclothesapersonwearsmayexpresshis（

）orsocialposition.

问题1选项

A.curiosity

B.status

C.determination

D.significance

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析题。A选项curiosity“好奇心，求知欲”;B选项status“地位，身份”;C选项determination“决心，果断，坚定”；D选项significance“（尤指对将来有影响的）重要性，意义”。根据表示并列的连词or和后面的名词“socialposition社会地位”确定B选项正确。

8.单选题

Inaperfectlyfreeandopenmarketeconomy,thetypeofemployer—governmentorprivate—shouldhavelittleornoimpactontheearningsdifferentialsbetweenwomenandmen.However,ifthereisdiscriminationagainstonesex,itisunlikelythatthedegreeofdiscriminationbygovernmentandprivateemployerswillbethesame.Differencesinthedegreeofdiscriminationwouldresultinearningsdifferentialsassociatedwiththetypeofemployer.Giventhenatureofgovernmentandprivateemployers,itseemsmostlikelythatdiscriminationbyprivateemployerswouldbegreater.Thus,onewouldexpectthat,ifwomenarebeingdiscriminatedagainst,governmentemploymentwouldhaveapositiveeffectonwomen’searningsascomparedwiththeirearningsfromprivateemployment.TheresultsofastudybyFuchssupportthisassumption.Fuchs’resultssuggestthattheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedentirelyofgovernmentemployeeswouldbe14.6percentgreaterthantheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedexclusivelyofprivateemployees,otherthingsbeingequal.

Inaddition,bothFuchsandSanbornhavesuggestedthattheeffectofdiscriminationbyconsumersontheearningsofself-employedwomenmaybegreaterthantheeffectofeithergovernmentorprivateemployerdiscriminationontheearningsofwomenemployees.Totestthishypothesis,Brownselectedalargesampleofwhitemaleandfemaleworkersfromthe1970censusanddividedthemintothreecategories:privateemployees,governmentemployees,andself-employed.(Blackworkerswereexcludedfromthesampletoavoidpickingupearningsdifferentialsthatweretheresultofracialdisparities.)Brown’sresearchdesignwascontrolledforeducation,labor-forceparticipation,mobility,motivation,andageinordertoeliminatethesefactorsasexplanationofthestudy’sresults.Brown’sresultssuggestthatmenandwomenarenottreatedthesamebyemployersandconsumers.Formen,self-employmentisthehighestearningscategory,withprivateemploymentnext,andgovernmentlowest.Forwomen,thisorderisreversed.

OnecaninferfromBrown’sresultsthatconsumersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen.Inaddition,self-employedwomenmayhavemoredifficultythanmeningettinggoodemployeesandmayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions.

Brown’sresultsareclearlyconsistentwithFuchs’argumentthatdiscriminationbyconsumershasagreaterimpactontheearningsofwomenthandoesdiscriminationbyeithergovernmentorprivateemployers.Also,thefactthatwomendobetterworkforgovernmentthanforprivateemployersimpliesthatprivateemployersarediscriminatingagainstwomen.Theresultsdonotprovethatgovernmentdoesnotdiscriminateagainstwomen.Theydo,however,demonstratethatifgovernmentisdiscriminatingagainstwomen,itsdiscriminatingisnothavingasmucheffectonwomen’searningsasisdiscriminationintheprivatesector.

1.Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomenmayencounterexcept（）

2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagreewithaboutdiscriminationagainstwomenbyprivateemployersandbygovernmentemployers?

3.Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscriminationagainstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradict（）.

4.AccordingtoBrown'sstudy,women’searningcategoriesoccurinorders,fromthehighestearningstothelowestearnings.

问题1选项

A.discriminationfromconsumersandsuppliers

B.discriminationfromfinancialinstitutions

C.problemsinobtaininggoodemployees

D.problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistance

问题2选项

A.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminatewithequaleffectsonwomen’searnings.

B.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbyprivateemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.

C.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbygovernmentemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.

D.Privateemployersdiscriminate:itispossiblethatgovernmentemployersdiscriminate.

问题3选项

A.sometentativeresultsofFuchs’study

B.someexplicitresultsofBrown’sstudy

C.asuggestionmadebytheauthor

D.Fuchshypothesis

问题4选项

A.governmentemployment,self-employment,privateemployment

B.governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employment

C.privateemployment,self-employment,governmentemployment

D.privateemployment,governmentemployment,self-employment

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomenmayencounterexcept______.1.文中列举了除了______以外的女性个体经营者可能遇到的困难。

A.discriminationfromconsumersandsuppliersA.来自消费者和供应商的歧视

B.discriminationfromfinancialinstitutionsB.来自金融机构的歧视

C.problemsinobtaininggoodemployeesC.获得优秀员工的问题

D.problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistanceD.在获得政府援助方面的问题

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第三段的内容“……消费者歧视个体经营的女性。此外，自主创业的女性可能比男性更难找到好员工，并可能遭遇供应商和金融机构的歧视。”，从中可知，女性个体经营者会碰到困难包括消费者、供应商和金融机构的歧视，以及更难找到好员工，只有D项“在获得政府援助方面的问题”没有提到。因此，该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“来自消费者和供应商的歧视”、B项“来自金融机构的歧视”和C项“获得优秀员工的问题”根据解题思路可知，这三项符合原文，属于反向干扰。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagreewithaboutdiscriminationagainstwomenbyprivateemployersandbygovernmentemployers?2.关于私人雇主和政府雇主对女性的歧视，下列哪个结论作者最可能同意？

A.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminatewithequaleffectsonwomen’searnings.A.私营雇主和政府雇主对女性的歧视都对妇女的收入产生了相同的影响。

B.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbyprivateemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.B.私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧视，但私人雇主的歧视对女性的收入影响更大。

C.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbygovernmentemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.C.私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧视，但政府雇主的歧视对女性的收入影响更大。

D.Privateemployersdiscriminate;itispossiblethatgovernmentemployersdiscriminate.D.私人雇主歧视；政府雇主也有可能歧视。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第一段的第三和第四句“歧视程度的不同会导致与雇主类型有关的收入差异。根据政府和私人雇主的性质来看，私人雇主更有可能采取歧视。”可知，政府和私人雇主都有歧视，但是私人雇主的歧视对女性的收入影响更大，所以作者更有可能同意B项“私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧视，但私人雇主的歧视对女性的收入影响更大”的结论。

【干扰项排除】

A项“私营雇主和政府雇主对女性的歧视都对女性的收入产生了相同的影响”根据第一段第五句“如果女性受到歧视，与女性在私营企业就业所得相比，政府就业将对女性的收入产生积极的影响”可知，政府雇主和私营雇主对女性的收入有不同的影响，该项不符合原文，属于反向干扰；

C项“私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧视，但政府雇主的歧视对女性的收入影响更大”根据解题思路可知，该项不符合原文，属于反向干扰；

D项“私人雇主歧视；政府雇主也有可能歧视”，原文中提到私人雇主和政府雇主都会歧视，该项中的possible与原文不符合，属于曲解原文。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscriminationagainstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradict______.3.一项对金融机构实践的研究表明，对女性自营者没有歧视，这往往与______相矛盾。

A.sometentativeresultsofFuchs’studyA.福克斯的一些初步研究结果

B.someexplicitresultsofBrown’sstudyB.布朗研究的一些明确结果

C.asuggestionmadebytheauthorC.作者提出的建议

D.Fuchs’hypothesisD.福克斯的假设

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第三段的内容“从布朗的研究结果可以推断出……自主创业的女性可能比男性更难找到好员工，并可能遭遇供应商和金融机构的歧视”可知，布朗的研究结果表明金融机构会歧视女性自营者，这与金融机构关于对女性自营者没有歧视的实践的研究相矛盾。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“福克斯的一些初步研究结果”和D项“福克斯的假设”没有提到金融机构对女性的歧视，属于张冠李戴；

C项“作者提出的建议”文中没有提及，属于无中生有。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.AccordingtoBrown’sstudy,women’searningcategoriesoccurinorders,fromthehighestearningstothelowestearnings,are______.4.根据布朗的研究，女性的收入按收入最高到最低的顺序排列，分别是______。

A.governmentemployment,self-employment,privateemploymentA.政府雇佣，个体经营，私营雇佣

B.governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employmentB.政府雇佣，私营雇佣，个体经营

C.privateemployment,self-employment,governmentemploymentC.私营雇佣，个体经营，政府雇佣

D.privateemployment,governmentemployment,self-employmentD.私营雇佣，政府雇佣，个体经营

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第二段最后两句“对于男性来说，个体经营是收入最高的行业，其次是私营雇佣，政府雇佣最低。对于女性来说，这个顺序是相反的。”，从中可知，女性的收入按最高到最低的顺序与男性正好相反，那么女性的收入排列是：政府雇佣，私人雇佣，个体经营。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“政府雇佣，个体经营，私营雇佣”、C项“私营雇佣，个体经营，政府雇佣”和D项“私营雇佣，政府雇佣，个体经营”，根据解题思路可知，都不正确，属于曲解原文。

9.翻译题

PutthefollowingintoChinese.

Tobereallyhappyandreallysafe,oneoughttohaveatleasttwoorthreehobbies,andtheymustallbereal.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay:“Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.”Suchanattemptonlyaggravatesthestrainofmentaleffort.Amanmayacquiregreatknowledgeoftopicsunconnectedwithhisdailywork,andyethardlygetanybenefitorrelief.Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.Broadlyspeaking,humanbeingsmaybedividedintothreeclasses:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andthosewhoareboredtodeath.Itisnouseofferingthemanuallaborer,tiredoutwithahardweek’ssweatandeffort,thechanceofplayingagameoffootballorbaseballonSaturdayafternoon.Itisnouseinvitingthepoliticianortheprofessionalorbusinessman,whohasbeenworkingorworryingaboutseriousthingsforsixdays,toworkorworryabouttriflingthingsattheweekend.

【答案】要想获得真正的快乐与安宁,一个人至少应该有两到三种业余爱好,而且必须是真正的爱好。到了晚年才说“我要培养这个或那个兴趣”是无用的,这种尝试只会増加精神上的负担。一个人可以在自己工作之外的领域获得渊博的知识,不过他可能几乎得不到什么收益或是放松。做你喜欢的事是没用的,你必须喜欢你所做的事。总的来说,人可以分为三种：劳累而死的人、忧虑而死的人、和烦恼而死的人。对于那些体力劳动者来说,经历了一周辛苦劳作已经使他们精疲力尽,周六下午让他们去踢足球或是打棒球是没有意义的。而对那些政治家、专业人士或者商人来说,他们已经为棘手的事情操劳或烦恼六天了,周末再让他们为琐事劳神同样毫无意义。

10.单选题

WhileherfriendswerebusytryingtolandonajobinWallStreet,shedecidedtostayinherhumblelittletownand（）ingrowingorganiccorn.

问题1选项

A.specialize

B.expertise

C.commercialize

D.privatize

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项specialize“专门研究；专攻”；B选项expertise“专门知识；专门技能”；C选项commercialize“使商业化；使商品化”；D选项privatize“使私有化；使归私有”。句意：尽管她的朋友都忙于在华尔街找份工作，她却决定待在她的小镇上……种植有机玉米。根据句意可以知道她和她的朋友不一样，决定了就在小镇上专门从事有机玉米的种植。因此A选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Therulewillnolongerpermitustouseasevidencestatementsthathavebeenobtainedusingcruel,inhuman,ordegradinginterrogationmethods.

问题1选项

A.punching

B.disturbing

C.questioning

D.rejecting

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.punching拳打，以拳痛击B.disturbing打扰，干扰

C.questioning正式提问，质询D.rejecting拒绝接受，不予考虑

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】interrogation的意思为“审问”，这里指不能用残忍、不人道或有辱人格的审讯方法，questioning与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】该规则不再允许我们使用通过残忍、不人道或有辱人格的审讯方法获得的证词作为证据。

12.单选题

Asahistorianwho'salwayssearchingforthetextortheimagethatmakesusre-evaluatethepast,I'vebecomepreoccupiedwithlookingforphotographsthatshowourVictorianancestorssmiling(whatbetterwaytoshattertheimageof19th-centuryprudery?).I’vefoundquiteafew,and–sinceIstartedpostingthemonTwitter–theyhavebeencausingquiteastir.PeoplehavebeensurprisedtoseeevidencethatVictorianshadfunandcould,anddid,laugh.TheyarenotingthattheVictorianssuddenlyseemtobecomemorehumanasthehundred-or-soyearsthatseparateusfadeawaythroughourcommonexperienceoflaughter.

Ofcourse,Ineedtoconcedethatmycollectionof"SmilingVictorians"makesuponlyatinypercentageofthevastcatalogueofphotographicportraiturecreatedbetween1840and1900,themajorityofwhichshowsittersposingmiserablyandstifflyinfrontofpaintedbackdrops,orstaringabsentlyintothemiddledistance.Howdoweexplainthistrend?

Duringthe1840sand1850s,intheearlydaysofphotography,exposuretimeswerenotoriouslylong:thedaguerreotypephotographicmethod(producinganimageonasilveredcopperplate)couldtakeseveralminutestocomplete,resultinginblurredimagesassittersshiftedpositionoradjustedtheirlimbs.Thethoughtofholdingafixedgrinasthecameraperformeditsmagicaldutieswastoomuchtocontemplate,andsoanon-committalblankstarebecamethenorm.

Butexposuretimesweremuchquickerbythe1880s,andtheintroductionoftheBoxBrownieandotherportablecamerasmeantthat,thoughslowbytoday'sdigitalstandards,theexposurewasalmostinstantaneous.Spontaneoussmileswererelativelyeasytocapturebythe1890s,sowemustlookelsewhereforanexplanationofwhyVictoriansstillhesitatedtosmile.

Oneexplanationmightbethelossofdignitydisplayedthroughacheesygrin.“Naturegaveuslipstoconcealourteeth,”ranonepopularVictoriansaying,alludingtothefactthatbeforethebirthofproperdentistry,mouthswereofteninashockingstateofhygiene.Aflashingsetofhealthyandclean,regular"pearlywhites"wasararesightinVictoriansociety,thepreserveofthesuper-rich(andeventhen,dentalhygienewasnotguaranteed).

Atoothygrin(especiallywhenthereweregapsorblackenedteeth)lackedclass:drunks,tramps,andmusichallperformersmightgurnandgrinwithasmileaswideasLewisCarroll'sgum-exposingCheshireCat,butitwasnotabecominglookforproperlybredpersons.EvenMarkTwain,amanwhoenjoyedaheartylaugh,saidthatwhenitcametophotographicportraitstherecouldbe“nothingmoredamningthanasilly,foolishsmilefixedforever”.

1.Accordingtoparagraph1,theauthor'spostsonTwitter（

）.

2.WhatdoesauthorsayabouttheVictorianportraitshehascollected?

3.WhatmighthavekepttheVictoriansfromsmilingforpicturesinthe1890s?

4.MarkTwainisquotedtoshowthatthedisapprovalofsmilesinpictureswas（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthetextanswer?

问题1选项

A.changedpeople'simpressionoftheVictorians

B.highlightedsocialmedia'sroleinVictorianstudies

C.re-evaluatedtheVictoriansnotionofpublicimage

D.illustratedthedevelopmentofVictorianphotography

问题2选项

A.Theyareinpopularuseamonghistorians.

B.Theyarerareamongphotographsofthatage.

C.Theymirror19th-centurysocialconventions.

D.Theyshoweffectsofdifferentexposuretimes.

问题3选项

A.Theirinherentsocialsensitiveness.

B.Theirtensionbeforethecamera.

C.Theirdistrustofnewinventions.

D.Theirunhealthydentalcondition.

问题4选项

A.adeep-rootbelief

B.amisguidedattitude

C.acontroversialview

D.athought-provokingidea

问题5选项

A.WhydidmostVictorianslooksterninphotographs.

B.WhydidtheVictoriansstarttoviewphotographs.

C.WhatmadephotographydevelopslowlyintheVictorianperiod.

D.Howdidsmilinginphotographsbecomeapost-Victoriannorm.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

13.单选题

Pleaseputyouremptycigarettepacketsandpaperbagsinthe______binsprovided.

问题1选项

A.junk

B.litter

C.scrap

D.deposit

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。junk“废物”；litter“垃圾”；scrap“残余物”；deposit“沉淀物”。Litterbin指“垃圾箱”，因此B选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Hisparentsgavehimmanyexpensivetoysassomeformof（

）forhislamenessandinabilitytoplayactivegames.

问题1选项

A.remedy

B.compensation

C.treatment

D.comfort

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项remedy“补救”；B选项compensation“补偿，报酬”；C选项treatment“治疗，处理”；D选项comfort“安慰，舒适”。句意：他的父母给了他许多昂贵的玩具，作为他跛脚而不能玩活动类游戏的某种补偿。选项B符合句意。

15.单选题

HistorianshavelongknownthatthereweretwosidestothePopulistmovementofthe1890s:aprogressiveside,embodyingtheprotestsofformersagainstbigbusiness,andadarkerside,markedbyadistrustofEasterners,immigrants,andintellectuals.Inthe1950s,oneschoolofU.S.socialthinkersconstructedaparallelbetweenthisdarksideofPopulismandthecontemporaryanti-CommunistcrusadespearheadedbyWisconsinSenatorJosephMcCarthy,whichattackedliberalism,Easternintellectuals,andcivillibertiesingeneral.ToSeymourMartinLipset,McCarthyismrepresented“thesourdregsofPopulism”;toEdwardShils,McCarthyism,likePopulism,exemplified“theambiguousAmericanimpulsetoward4directdemocracy.

NothingthatMcCarthyismandPopulismhadbothfoundtheirstrongestsupportintheagrarianMidwest,

LipsetarguedthatvoterswhobackedagrarianprotestmovementsduringearliereconomiccriseshadsupportedMcCarthyinthepost-WorldIIperiodofprosperity.IntheeyesofwriterslikeLipset,theappealofMcCarthyismextendedbeyondtheagrarianbaseofPopulismtoincludeurbangroupssuchasindustrialworkers.Lipsetclaimedthat“thelowerclasses,especiallytheworkers”hadbackedMcCarthy.Inamoresweepingfashion,LewisFeuerclaimedthat“itwastheAmericanlowerclass...whogavetheiroverwhelmingsupporttotheattacksinrecentyearsincivilliberties.”

Writingafewyearslater,politicalscientistMichaelPaulRoginchallengedthesesuperficiallyplausiblenotions,contendingthattheymerelyembodiedthewriters,ownassumptionsaboutthesupposedintoleranceoflowerclassgroups,ratherthanavalidinterpretationofMcCarthyism.Rogincriticallyexaminedtheirassertionsbythesimplemethodoftestingthemagainsttheevidence.HetestedLipset’sclaimsaboutthecontinuityofMcCarthyismandearlieragrarianprotestmovementsbybreakingdownstatewidevotingstatisticsonacounty-by-countybasis.HefoundthatWisconsincountiesthathadvotedstronglyforProgressivesbeforeWorldWarIIdidnotsupportMcCarthy;McCarthy’ssupportwasconcentratedinhishomeregionandinethnicGermanareasthathadbeentraditionallyconservative.TheoldProgressivevotehadinfactgonetoMcCarthy’sopponents,theDemocrats.

TotestLipset’sgeneralizationsaboutMcCarthy’ssupportamongclassgroups,Roginattemptedtodeterminewhetherindustrialworkershad,infact,backedMcCarthy.Correlatingincomeandemploymentstatisticswithvotingrecords,RoginfoundthatthegreatertheemploymentinindustryinagivenWisconsincounty,thelowerwasMcCarthy’sshareofthevote.Roginconcludedthatthethesisof“McCarthyismasPopulism”shouldbejudged“notastheproductofsciencebutasa...ventureintoconservativepoliticaltheory.’’

1.TheauthorwouldprobablyassertthePopulismandMcCarthyism（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredthatRogin’smostseriouscriticismofLipset,Feuer,andShils’smethodologywouldprobablybethatthey（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,RoginconcludedthatthewritingsofLipset,ShilsandFeuer（）.

4.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

问题1选项

A.werecompletelyoppositeincharacter

B.wereresponsesto,respectively,agrarianandindustrialconditions

C.wereessentiallydissimilarmovementsthatsharedsomecommonfeatures

D.eachhadbothaprogressiveandadarkerside

问题2选项

A.reachedincorrectconclusionsaboutMcCarthy

B.failedtoexaminetheevidencethatcouldsupportorweakentheirconclusions

C.equatedsupportforMcCarthyismwithanti-intellectualism

D.placedtoomuchemphasisonthedualcharacterofPopulism

问题3选项

A.intentionallydistortedhistoricalevidence

B.wereflawedbypoliticalpresuppositions

C.lentsupporttoattackoncivilliberties

D.weremarkedbyanti-intellectualbias

问题4选项

A.discoveriesdescribinganinstanceofflawedhistoricalanalysis

B.advocatingtheuseofstatisticalmethodsinhistoricalresearch

C.examiningthesimilaritiesbetweentwopoliticalmovements

D.explainingwhyhistoricalconclusionsshouldberevisedaccordingtolaterrevelations

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段的内容，二十世纪五十年代，美国社会思想家将民粹主义的阴暗面和反共产主义运动进行相提并论和比较，说明是有共同之处的，选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，罗金对李普塞特、福伊尔和希尔斯的方法论进行了验证，最严厉的批评是，二者都没有对自己的观点给出证据。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，罗金的总结是，麦卡锡主义不应该被判定为科学的产物，而是一种保守政治理论。选项B符合题意。

4.主旨题。作者首先提出了麦卡锡主义和民粹主义理论，接着提出罗金对他们方法论做出了验证，最后表明将麦卡锡主义比作民粹主义的理论不应被判定为科学的产物，而是一种政治领域的探索。选项D符合题意。

16.单选题

I’veheardthesaying,“Thebestgiftparentscanevergivetotheirchildrenistoloveeachother.”

I’vehadthepleasureofwitnessingthetruthofthisstatementforover40years.FromasfarbackasIcanremembermyMomandDadwereateam,agreatpartnership.Theyweremorethanjustapartnership.Itwasasiftheywereoneperson.

Sure,theyargued,buttherewasneveranydoubtinourmindsthatanydisagreementswouldbeworkedthroughandresolved.MomandDadbegantheirmarriedlifepoor,buttheyworkedhardand,overtheyears,builtaverysuccessfulbusiness.Theyeachhadtheirstrengthsandweaknesses,butthewaytheyworkedtogether,yo