考研考博-英语-安徽工业大学考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽工业大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Shewasdeliriouslastnight,butsheseemsquite（

）thismorning.

问题1选项

A.insane

B.lucid

C.patient

D.messy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项insane“精神失常的，精神错乱的”；B选项lucid“表达清楚的，头脑清晰的，清醒的”；C选项patient“有耐心的，能忍耐的”；D选项messy“肮脏的，凌乱的”。由but（表示转折关系）可知空格处与前面的delirious（极度亢奋的，精神错乱的）意思相反，因此选B。句意：她昨晚神志不清，但今天早上似乎很清醒。

2.单选题

Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsidered_______ofeachotherinthought,buttheyarcinseparableinfact.

问题1选项

A.indistinctly

B.separately

C.irrelevantly

D.independently

【答案】D

【解析】indistinctly不清楚地,分不清地;separately分别地,分离地;irrelevantly无关地,不相干地;independently独立地。句意：语言、文化和人格在思想上可以相互独立,但实际上是不可分割的。选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Hefoundtherehadbeenlittleresearchontheirlanguage.

B.HewastryingtopreservethelanguagesoftheIndiantribes.

C.Hiscontactwithasocialworkerhadgreatlyarousedhisinterestinthetribe.

D.HismeetingwithGonzalezhadmadehimeagertolearnmoreaboutthetribe.

问题2选项

A.HetaughtCopelandtospeaktheTarahumaraslanguage.

B.HepersuadedtheTarahumarastoacceptCopeland’sgifts.

C.Herecommendedoneofhisbestfriendsasaninterpreter.

D.HeactedasanintermediarybetweenCopelandandthevillagers.

问题3选项

A.Unpredictable.

B.Unjustifiable.

C.Laborious.

D.Tedious.

问题4选项

A.Theirappreciationofhelpfromtheoutsiders.

B.Theirsenseofsharingandcaring.

C.Theirreadinesstoadapttotechnology.

D.Theirbeliefincreatingwealthforthemselves.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】PassageTwo

TheideatostudytheAmericanIndiantribe,Tarahumaras,cametoJamesCopelandin1984,[12]whenhediscoveredthatverylittleresearchhadbeendoneontheirlanguage.HecontactedatribememberthroughasocialworkerwhoworkedwiththetribesmeninMexico.Atfirst,thetribemember,namedGonzalez,wasveryreluctanttocooperate.HetoldCopelandthatnoamountofmoneycouldbuyhislanguage.ButafterCopelandexplainedtohimwhatheintendedtodowithhisresearchandhowitwouldbenefittheTarahumaras,Gonzalezagreedtohelp.[13]HetookCopelandtohisvillageandservedasanintermediary.Copelandsays:“Thankstohim,theTarahumarasunderstoodwhatourmissionwasandstartedtrustingus.”

[14]EnteringtheworldoftheTarahumarashasbeenalaboriousprojectforCopeland.Toreachthen-homelandhemustdrivetwoandahalfdaysfromHouston,Texas.Heloadsuphisvehiclewithgoodsthatthetribesmencan’teasilyget,andgivesgoodstothemasagestureoffriendship.TheTarahumaras,whodon’tbelieveinaccumulatingwealth,takethefoodandshareitamongthemselves.

ForCopeland,theexperiencehasnotonlybeenacademicallysatisfying,butalsohasenrichedhislifeinseveralways.“Iseepeoplerejectingtechnologyandlivingaveryhard,traditionallife,whichoffersmeanothernotionaboutthemeaningofprogressinthewesterntradition,”hesays.“IexperiencethesimplicityoflivinginnaturethatIwouldotherwiseonlybeabletoreadabout.[15]Iseealotofbeautyintheirsenseofsharingandconcernforeachother.

12.WhydidJamesCopelandwanttostudytheAmericanIndiantribeTarahumaras?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问的是JamesCopeland研究美洲印第安部落塔拉乌马拉人（Tarahumaras）的原因。录音开头提到，他发现对塔拉乌马拉人的语言进行的研究很少，于是产生了研究该部落的念头，A选项“他发现对他们语言的研究几乎没有”与录音原文表述相符，因此正确。B选项“他正努力保护印第安人部落的语言”在录音中并未提及；C选项“他与一名社会工作者的接触极大地激发了他对该部落的兴趣”，利用录音中出现的asocialworker设置干扰，录音说的是他通过一名社会工作者与部落的成员取得了联系，是研究该部落的一种渠道而不是研究该部落的原因，因此可排除；D选项“与Gonzalez的会面使他渴望更多地了解这个部落”，录音中提及Copeland与Gonzalez的会面是发生在他产生了研究兴趣之后，因此也可排除。

13.HowdidGonzalezhelpJamesCopeland?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问Gonzalez是如何帮助Copeland的？录音中提到，Gonzalez带Copeland去了他所在的村落，并充当了中间人，D选项“他在Copeland和村民之间扮演着中间人的角色”符合录音原文的表述，因此正确。A选项“他教Copeland说塔拉乌马拉人的语言”和C项“他推荐他的一位好朋友当翻译”在录音中均没有信息提及；B选项“他劝服塔拉乌马拉人接受Copeland的礼物”，录音只说了塔拉乌马拉人接受了礼物，并与大家一起分享，并没有提及他们是否在Gonzalez的劝说下才接受礼物，因此B选项也可排除。

14.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutJamesCopeland’striptotheTarahumarasvillage?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问说话者对JamesCopeland的塔拉乌马拉人村落之旅的看法。录音提到，对Copeland而言，进入塔拉乌马拉人的世界是一项艰苦的任务（alaboriousproject），因此C选项“艰苦的，费劲的”正确。A选项“不可预知的”；B选项“不合理的”和D选项“乏味的”在录音中均没有信息提及。

15.WhatimpressesJamesCopelandabouttheTarahumarastribe?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问塔拉乌马拉部落给Copeland留下深刻印象的是什么？录音结尾提到，Copeland从他们互相分享和关心中看到了很多美好，因此B选项“他们的分享和关心”正确。A选项“他们对外来者的帮助表示感激”，录音中没有提及；C选项“他们乐于适应科技”，录音中提到的是（塔拉乌马拉部落的）人们拒绝科技（rejectingtechnology），因此C选项不正确；D选项“他们为自己创造财富的信仰”，录音中提及塔拉乌马拉人不崇尚积累财富（whodon’tbelieveinaccumulatingwealth），因此D选项也不正确。

4.单选题

IhadeatenChinesefoodoften,butIcouldnothaveimaginedhow（

）andextravagantarealChinesebanquetcouldbe.

问题1选项

A.fabulous

B.gracious

C.handsome

D.prominent

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。fabulous“难以置信的；极好的”；gracious“亲切的；高尚的”；handsome“（男子）英俊的”；prominent“突出的，显著的”。句意：我经常吃中餐，但是我无法想象真正的中式宴会会有多么好，多么奢侈。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Guthrie’scontiguityprincipleofferspracticalsuggestionsforhowtobreakhabits.

Oneapplicationofthethresholdmethodinvolvesthetimeyoungchildrenspendonacademicactivities.Youngchildrenhaveshortattentionspans,sothelengthoftimetheycansustainworkononeactivityislimited.Mostactivitiesarescheduledtolastnolongerthan30to40minutes.However,atthestartoftheschoolyear,attentionspansquicklywaneandbehaviorproblemsoftenresult.ToapplyGuthrie’stheory,ateachermight,atthestartoftheyear,limitactivitiesto15to20minutes.Overthenextfewweekstheteachercouldgraduallyincreasethetimestudentsspendworkingonasingleactivity.

Thethresholdmethodalsocanbeappliedtoteachingprintingandhandwriting.Whenchildrenfirstlearntoformletters,theirmovementsareawkwardandtheylackfinemotorcoordination.Thedistancesbetweenlinesonapagearepurposelywidesochildrencanfitthelettersintothespace.Ifpaperwithnarrowlinesisinitiallyintroduced,students’letterswouldspilloverthebordersandstudentsmightbecomefrustrated.Oncestudentscanformletterswithinthelargerborders,theycanusepaperwithsmallerborderstohelpthemrefinetheirskills.

Thefatiguemethodcanbeappliedwhendiscipliningdisruptivestudentswhobuildpaperairplanesandsailthemacrosstheroom.Theteachercanremovethestudentsfromtheclassroom,givethemalargestackofpaper,andtellthemtostartmakingpaperairplanes.Afterthestudentshavemadeseveralairplanes,theactivityshouldloseitsattractionandpaperwillbecomeacuefornotbuildingairplanes.

Somestudentscontinuallyracearoundthegymwhentheyfirstentertheirphysicaleducationclass.Toemploythefatiguemethod,theteachermightdecidetohavethesestudentscontinuetorunafewmorelapsaftertheclasshasbegun.

Theincompatibleresponsemethodcanbeusedwithstudentswhotalkandmisbehaveinthemediacenter.Readingisincompatiblewithtalking.Themediacenterteachermightaskthestudentstofindinterestingbooksandreadthemwhileinthecenter.Assumingthatthestudentsfindthebooksenjoyable,themediacenterwill,overtime,becomeacueforselectingandreadingbooksratherthanfortalkingwithotherstudents.

Inasocialstudiesclasssomestudentsregularlyfallasleep.Theteacherrealizedthatusingtheboardandoverheadprojectorwhilelecturingwasveryboring.Soontheteacherbegantoincorporateotherelementsintoeachlesson,suchasexperiments,videotapes,anddebates,inanattempttoinvolvestudentsandraisetheirinterestinthecourse.

1.Thepurposeofthispassageisto（）.

2.Guthrieidentifiedthreemethodsfor（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisnottheexampleofapplyingthethresholdmethod?

4.Tostopsnackingwhilewatchingtelevision,peopleshouldkeeptheirhandsbusybysewing,painting,workingcrosswordpuzzles,andsoforth.Overtime,watchingTVbecomesacueforengaginginanactivityotherthansnacking.Whatmethodisusedinthisexample?

5.Wecandrawtheconclusionfromthepassagethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.inform

B.persuade

C.debate

D.narrate

问题2选项

A.educatingstudents

B.alteringbadhabits

C.avoidingundesiredaction

D.forminggoodhobbies

问题3选项

A.Parentsintroducespinachinsmallbitesormixedwithafoodthatthechildenjoysovertimesothatthechildwillnotrefusetoeatit.

B.Teachersintroduceacademiccontentinshortblocksoftimeforyoungchildrenandgraduallyincreasesessionlengthbutnottowherestudentsbecomefrustratedorbored.

C.Paperwithwiderlinesisfirstusedandthenpaperwithnarrowlinesisintroducedstepbysteptohelpchildrenlearnprintingandhandwriting.

D.Achildmightbemadetothrowtoysuntilitisnolongerfunbyhisparentsinordertochangehisbehaviorofrepeatedlythrowingtoys.

问题4选项

A.Thethresholdmethod.

B.Thefatiguemethod.

C.Theincompatibleresponsemethod.

D.Thepunishmentmethod

问题5选项

A.theincompatibleresponsemethodistoforcechildtomakeunwantedresponserepeatedlyinpresenceofstimulusuntilheorshebecomesexhausted

B.thethresholdmethodreferstointroducingundesiredbehaviorwitharesponseincompatiblewiththeundesiredresponsesotheycannotbeperformedsimultaneously

C.thefatiguemethodmeansthatengaginginthebehavioristransformedintoavoidingitbyintroducingthestimulusatfullstrengthsoitbecomesacuefornotperformingit

D.thefatiguemethodisthatinpresenceofstimulusteachershavechildrenmakeresponseincompatiblewithunwantedresponse

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。首先，原文第一句话说到：Guthrie的接触原则为如何打破习惯提供了实用的建议。在接下来的内容中主要是阐述是如何应用这个原则，并且提到了几种方法，由此我们可以推断，文章的目的主要是向我们阐述这些方法，所以本题选项D正确。

2.细节判断题。根据第一段的内容：Guthrie的接触原则为如何打破习惯提供了实用的建议。所以这三种方法是为了打破习惯，也就是改变坏的习惯，选项B符合原文。

3.细节判断题。根据原文内容可知，选项D属于“thefatiguemethod”而不是“thethresholdmethod”。所以本题选D。

4.细节判断题。根据倒数第二段的第一句“Theincompatibleresponsemethodcanbeusedwithstudentswhotalkandmisbehaveinthemediacenter.”不契合反应法适用于在面对传播媒体时讲话和行为不端的学生。看电视属于面对媒体的行为，所以选项C正确。

5.细节推理题。选项A描述的是“疲劳法”而不是“不契合反应法”，所以不正确；选项B指的是“不契合反应法”而不是“阈值法”，也不正确；选项D描述的是“不契合反应法”而不是“疲劳法”，不正确。所以，只有选项C表述正确。

6.问答题

Notallofthepeoplelikethismovie.(popular)

【答案】Thismovieisnotpopularinallofthepeople.

7.不定项选择题

Thebrainisorganizedintodifferentregions,eachresponsiblefordifferentfunctions,andinhumansthisorganizationisverymarked.Thelargestpartsofthebrainarethecerebralhemispheres,whichoccupymostoftheinterioroftheskull.Theyarelayeredstructures,themostcomplexbeingtheouterlayer,knownasthecerebralcortex（大脑皮层）,wherethenervecellsareextremelydenselypackedtoallowgreatinterconnectivity.Itsfunctionisnotfullyunderstood,butwecangetsomeindicationofitspurposefromstudiesofanimalsthathavehaditremoved.Adog,forexample,canstillmoveinacoordinatedmanner,willeatandsleep,andevenbarkifitisdisturbed.However,italsobecomesblindandlosesitssenseofsmell—moresignificantly,perhaps,itlosesallinterestinitsenvironment,notrespondingtopeopleortoitsname,nortootherdogs,evenoftheoppositesex.Italsolosesallabilitytolearn.Ineffect,itlosesthecharacteristicsthatwegenerallyrefertoasindicatingintelligenceawareness,interestandinteractionwithanenvironment,andanabilitytoadaptandlearn.Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.Thecerebralcortexhasbeenthesubjectofinvestigationbyresearchersformanyyears,andisslowlyrevealingitssecrets.Itdemonstratesalocalizationoffunctions,inthatdifferentareasofthecortexfulfilldifferentfunctions,suchasmotioncontrol,hearingandvision.Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinteresting.Inthevisualcortex,electricalstimulationofthecellscanproducethesensationoflight,anddetailedanalysishasshownthatspecificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli,sothatonelayerrespondsmaximallytohorizontallines,whileanotherrespondstoverticalones.Althoughmuchofthisstructureisgeneticallypredetermined,theorientation-specificlayoutofthecellsappearstobelearntatanearlystage.Animalsboughtupinanenvironmentofpurelyhorizontallinesdonotdevelopneuronstructuresthatrespondtoverticalorientations,showingthatthesestructuresaredevelopedduetoenvironmentalinputandnotpurelyfromgeneticpredetermination.Thisiscalledself-organizationofthevisualcortexsincethereisexternalteachertoguidethedevelopmentofthesestructures.

1.Theorganizationofbrainischaracterizedby（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,adogcanstillmoveinacoordinatedmanner,willeatandsleep,andevenbarkwhen（

）is(are)removed.

3.Theword“seat”inline12ofthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

4.Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinterestingbecause（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingheadingsisthebesttitleforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.theinterioroftheskull

B.differentregionsresponsiblefordifferentfunctions

C.theouterlayer—thecerebralcortex

D.thenervecellsdenselypacked

问题2选项

A.nervecells

B.theskull

C.thehemispheres

D.thecerebralcortex

问题3选项

A.achair

B.partofthebody

C.placewheresomethingisorwheresomethingiscarriedon

D.cortex

问题4选项

A.specificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli

B.muchofthestructureisgeneticallypredetermined

C.horizontallinesarestimulated

D.verticallinesarestimulated

问题5选项

A.TheCerebralCortex

B.ThespecificLayersofNeurons

C.TheOrganizationoftheBrain

D.TheCerebralHemispheres

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干：大脑组织的特点是……。A选项“头骨的内部”；B选项“不同的区域负责不同的功能”；C选项“theouterlayer—thecerebralcortex”；D选项“神经细胞密集排列”。第一段第一句话Thebrainisorganizedintodifferentregions,eachresponsiblefordifferentfunctions,andinhumansthisorganizationisverymarked.（大脑被组织成不同的区域，每个区域负责不同的功能，在人类中这个组织非常明显），因此答案选B。

第2题:事实细节题。题干：根据这篇文章，狗被除去（）仍然可以移动，吃饭和睡觉，甚至吠喊。A选项“神经细胞”；B选项“头骨”；C选项“半脑”；D选项“大脑皮层”。根据题干定位到第八九句话Ineffect,itlosesthecharacteristicsthatwegenerallyrefertoasindicatingintelligenceawareness,interestandinteractionwithanenvironment,andanabilitytoadaptandlearn.Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.（实际上，它失去了我们通常所说的智力的特征——意识、兴趣、与环境的互动，以及适应和学习的能力。因此，大脑皮层似乎是大脑高级功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。）从这里可以看出答案选D。

第3题:词义推测题。A选项“椅子”；B选项“身体的一部分”，C选项“某物所在的地方或某物被进行的地方”；D选项“皮质”。Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.（因此，大脑皮层似乎是大脑高级功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。）这里seat在文中的不是本意“椅子”，而是引申义“智力所在之地”，所以答案选C。

第4题:事实细节题。题干：皮质层的视觉部分尤其有趣因为……。A选项“特定的神经元层对特定的输入刺激方向敏感”；B选项“大部分结构是由基因决定的”；C选项“水平线受到刺激”；D选项“垂直线受到刺激”。根据题干定位到倒数第十行Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinteresting.Inthevisualcortex,electricalstimulationofthecellscanproducethesensationoflight,anddetailedanalysishasshownthatspecificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli,sothatonelayerrespondsmaximallytohorizontallines,whileanotherrespondstoverticalones（大脑皮层的视觉部分尤其有趣。在视觉皮层中，对细胞的电刺激可以产生光的感觉，详细分析表明，特定的神经元层对特定的输入刺激方向敏感，因此，一层对水平线反应最大，而另一层对垂直线反应最大）所以排除C、D选项，答案选A，选项B没有提及。

第5题:主旨大意题。A选项“大脑皮层”；B选项“神经元的特殊层”；C选项“大脑的结构”；D选项“大脑半球”。原文最开始引出了大脑皮层这一话题，通过举了狗和视觉皮层中的例子来表明大脑皮层的作用，提出“大脑皮层似乎是大脑高阶功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。大脑皮层多年来一直是研究人员研究的主题”这一概念，因此A选项正确。B，C，D选项都是文章中的片面的内容，文章没有花费大量笔墨描写“神经元的特殊层”；“大脑的结构”；D“大脑半球”，属于以偏概全。

8.单选题

JustastheUnitedStatesmustchange,sotoomustthoseeconomiesthathavepreviouslyreliedonexports（）weaknessesintheirowndemand.

问题1选项

A.tooffset

B.byoffsetting

C.inoffsetting

D.offsetting

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配relyonsth.todo“依靠……做某事”，句意：正如美国必须做出的改变一样，那些经济体以前也依赖出口来找消除内需不足的弱点。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Firstbornchildreninafamilyseemtohaveastrongerdesiretosucceed（）.

问题1选项

A.thandolater-bornchildren

B.butlater-born-childrendo

C.aschildrenbornlater

D.iflater-bornchildrendo

【答案】A

【解析】考查句型结构辨析。dolater-born从句等于later-bornchildrenseemtohaveastrongdesiretosucceed。简化使句子简洁流畅，因为从句主语长，故do在前。句意：一个家庭中第一个孩子似乎有更强烈的成功愿望……。结合句意可知，A选项符合题意。因此答案为A选项。

10.单选题

Horse-drawncoacheswereneitheracompetitivenoracomfortablealternativegiventhedeplorablestateofthenation’shighwaysandthoughbicycleswerepopularinbothtownandcountry,they,too,werehamperedbypoorroadsurfaces.

问题1选项

A.restrained

B.supported

C.favored

D.damaged

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。题干hampered“妨碍，阻止”。A项“阻止；约束”，B项“支持”，C项“喜爱，偏爱”，D项“损害；伤害”。因此选A。句意：考虑到国家公路状况糟糕，骑马教练既不是竞争者，也不是舒适的替代者，尽管自行车在城镇和乡村都广受欢迎，但它们也受到不良路面的阻碍。

11.单选题

Eachworkday,theworkersfollowedthesameschedulesandrarely（）fromthisroutine.

问题1选项

A.deviated

B.disconnected

C.detached

D.distorted

【答案】A

【解析】句意：每个工作日，工人们遵循着同样的日程表，很少常规。A选项deviated脱离，偏离；B选项disconnected切断；拆开；C选项detached分离，拆开；D选项distorted歪曲，扭曲，deviatefrom意为“背离，偏离”，应选A。

12.单选题

Overtheyears,JimmyConnors()phenomenaldisplaysoftennisandtemperamentattheUSOpenlastweek,heexhibitedbothagain.

问题1选项

A.hastreatedspectatorswith

B.hastreatedspectatorsfor

C.hastreatedspectators

D.hastreatedspectatorsto

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。treat…with…“用……招待……”。句意：过去几年，JimmyConnors曾向观众展现了他的网球球技及个性特点，在上周的美国公开赛上，他再次展现了这两点。因此A选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror—theglassofaroofinagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert’sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3warmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetersandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth’schieffood-growingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthinkericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand“cold”spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror“colder”facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth’satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolar-weatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.

41.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould______.

42.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain______.

43.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis______.

44.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsareoftheopinionthat______.

45.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,______.

问题1选项

A.preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface

B.meanawarmingupintheArctic

C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere

D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface

问题2选项

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.thesolareffectsontheearth

C.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

D.thecauseaffectingweather

问题3选项

A.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising

B.possiblybecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting

C.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate

D.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy

问题4选项

A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

B.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect

C.theman-madewarmingeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects

D.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect

问题5选项

A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels

B.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere

C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly

D.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】41.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“可以得出结论的是，大气中二氧化碳的浓度将会……”。根据文章第一段carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror—theglassofaroofinagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.（二氧化碳的作用就像一面单向镜子——温室屋顶的玻璃，它允许阳光进入，但阻止热量逸出。）可知A项“阻止太阳光线到达地球表面”，内容与文章内容相反；B项“意味着北极的气候变暖”，第三段最后两句提到ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.（但是，气象专家现在把更多的注意力放在了南极西部，那里可能只会受到几度的变暖的影响：换句话说，由于燃料的燃烧，在未来的50年里可能会出现这样的变暖），由此可知，现在南极气温更容易受气候变暖的影响，所以B项内容不准确；C项“导致了北半球气候的巨大变化”，内容与原文所说正相反，第五段第一句提到However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.（然而，大部分燃料是在北半球燃烧的，那里的气温似乎正在下降），由此可知二氧化碳会使大气温度上升，但事实上气温却在降低，所以是无法用二氧化碳来解释北半球气温变化的，C项错误；根据第四段最后两句话Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.（现有的证据表明气候已经变暖。这符合二氧化碳使地球变暖的理论。）可知D项“提高地球表面的温度”符合题意。因此该题选D。

42.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“文章是用来解释……”。从全文来看，作者主要探讨了两种对大气温度变化产生影响的原因——人为因素和自然因素。若以人为原因为主，现在的大气温度应比以前更高，但事实上相反，大气温度似乎在下降；若以自然原因为主，现在应该进入一个新的冰河时代，但是又没有，说明二氧化碳与太阳在相互影响着大气的温度，只有D项“影响天气的原因”全面表达了文章的内容，即解释影响天气的原因。A项“温室效应”和B项“太阳对地球的影响”都只是其中一个原因，不够全面。C项“太阳-天气相互作用的模型”太片面，也不选。因此该题选D。

43.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“虽然北半球的燃料消耗较大，但那里的气温似乎在下降。这是……”。根据题干定位到文章的第五段第二句Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.（因此，科学家得出结论，到目前为止，自然对天气的影响已经超过了人类造成的影响），接着作者在第六段提到Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesunitsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.（一种可能是太阳的变化……它的热量输出呈周期性上升和下降，最新的趋势是下降），由此可知，影响北半球气温下降的原因有一部分是自然的影响，因此D项“部分原因是太阳能输出的变化”符合题意。A项“主要是因为二氧化碳的含量在上升”，第七段提到Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.（如果这是正确的，那么二氧化碳的变暖效应可能会起到有效的平衡太阳热量递减的作用），由此可知，大气中不断上升的二氧化碳浓度能平衡气温中不断消失的太阳热量，所以A项内容不正确；B项“可能是因为两极的冰盖正在融化”，与题干无关；C项“这完全是由于地球气候惯性的影响”，内容太绝对。因此该题选D。

44.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“根据他们的模型，科学家们认为……”。根据文章的第七段的第二句话…thatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAge（这些模型预测世界将进入一个新的冰河时代，但事实并非如此），由此可知科学家认为气候应该变得更冷，因此A项“世界的气候应该会变得更冷”符合题意。B项“地球气候的惯性将需要数千年才能起作用”，最后一段倒数第二句Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.（解决这一理论难题的一种方法是假设有数千年的延迟，而太阳效应克服了地球气候的惯性），根据这个句子可知文章提到太阳效应克服地球气候的惯性是用来对科学家们认为的模型预测世界将进入一个新的冰河时代的一种假设，不符合题意；C项“人为的变暖效应有助于增加太阳效应”，文章最后一句提到thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.（二氧化碳的变暖效应可能会起到有效的平衡太阳热量递减的作用），因此C项错误。D项“新的冰川期将被温室效应推迟”，文章中科学家做出的假设是太阳效应克服了地球气候的这种惯性，所以D项错误。因此该题选A。

45.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“如果新冰河世纪延迟的假设是正确的，那么……”。文章最后两句话提到Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.（解决这一理论难题的一种方法是假设有数千年的延迟，而太阳效应克服了地球气候的惯性。如果这是正确的，那么二氧化碳的变暖效应可能会起到有效的平衡太阳热量递减的作用），可知如果新冰河世纪延迟的假设是正确的，温室效应可以平衡太阳热量递减的作用，因此对地球是有利的，这与D项“温室效应可能对地球有利”符合；A项“克服这种冷却效应的最好方法是燃烧更多的燃料”原文未提及；B项“冰很快就会覆盖北半球”，第五段首句提到mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere（大部分燃料是在北半球燃烧的），所以B项内容不正确；C项“大气中二氧化碳含量的增加会使地球更快地变暖”，不是变暖，而是平衡太阳热量的递减，C项也不正确。因此该题选D。

14.单选题

ClassicsisasubjectthatexistsinthatgapbetweenusandtheworldoftheGreeksandRomans.ThequestionsraisedbyClassicsarethequestionsraisedbyourdistancefrom‘their’worldandatthesametimebyourclosenesstoit,andbyitsfamiliaritytousinourmuseums,inourliterature,languages,culture,andwaysofthinking.TheaimofClassicsisnotonlytodiscoveroruncovertheancientworld(thoughthatispartofit,astherediscoveryofBassae).Itsaimisalsotodefineanddebateourrelationshiptothatworld.Thisbookwillexplorethatrelationship,anditshistory,startingfromaspectaclethatisfamiliar,but,atthesametime,canbecomepuzzlingandstrange:dismemberedfragmentsofanancientGreektempleputonshowintheBritishMuseum.InLatintheword'museum'onceindicated;atempleoftheMuses’；inwhatrespectsisthemodemmuseumtherightplacetopreservetreasuresfromaclassicaltemple?Doesitonlylookthepart?

TheissuesraisedbyBassaeprovideamodelforunderstandingClassicsinitswidestsense.Ofcourse,Classicsisaboutmorethanthephysicalremains,thearchitecture,sculptureandpainting,ofancientGreeceandRome.Itisalsoaboutthepoetry,philosophy,scienceandhistorywrittenintheancientworldandstillreadand