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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽粮食工程职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Althoughshescrubbedtheoldpotthoroughly,shecouldnotmakeitlookcompletelyclean.

问题1选项

A.disinfected

B.scratched

C.rinsed

D.scoured

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。横线单词scrubbed意为“用力擦洗;使净化”;A选项“disinfected”意为“将……消毒”;B选项“scratched”意为“抓;刮;挖出;乱涂”;C选项“rinsed”意为“(用清水)冲洗,漂净”;D选项“scoured”意为“(用粗糙的物体)擦净,洗涤;冲洗,清除”。句意:虽然她已经彻底地擦洗那只旧壶,但她无法使它看上去完全干净。由题干可知,shecouldnotmakeitlookcompletelyclean(但她无法使它看上去完全干净)说明她正设法把那只旧壶弄干净,可以推测出这里的动作应该是擦净。由此可知,scrubbed在此处最可能是“用力擦洗”的意思,四个选项中scoured具有“擦净”的意思,与此相近。因此D选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Somethingssimplycannotbealteredand()peopleacceptthis,notwastingenergyontryingtodotheimpossible.

问题1选项

A.rough

B.plastic

C.harsh

D.resilient

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项rough“粗糙的”,B项plastic“塑料的”,C项harsh“严厉的、刺耳的”,D项resilient“可迅速恢复的、坚韧的”;句意:有些东西根本无法改变,有韧性的人能接受这一点,不会浪费精力来做不可能的事。因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

Thegovernmentisexpectedtomakenewlegislationsto()foreigninvestmentinrealestate.

问题1选项

A.manipulate

B.regulate

C.dominate

D.prevail

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项manipulate“操纵,操作”,B项regulate“调节,控制”,C项dominate“占优势,支配”,D项prevail表示“盛行,流行”。句意:预计政府将制定新的立法来规范外国在房地产领域的投资。因此B项正确。

4.单选题

Thegeneralpublicdidn'tcareaboutthetrialandsowas(

)abouttheverdict.

问题1选项

A.enraged

B.apathetic

C.suspicious

D.saddened

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。enraged“激怒,暴怒”;apathetic“冷淡的,无兴趣的”;suspicious“可疑的,猜疑的”;sadden“悲哀的,可悲的”;根据句意‘公众不关心审判,也对判决结果(

)。’确定B选项正确。

5.单选题

Asthedirectorcan'tcometothereception,I'mrepresentingthecompany______.

问题1选项

A.onhisaccount

B.onhisbehalf

C.forhispart

D.inhisinterest

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。onone’saccount“为了某人”;onone’sbehalf“代表”;forone’spart“对某人来说”;inone’sinterest无此短语用法。句意:因为主管不能出席招待会,我代表他参加。因此B选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Scarcelyhadtheysettlethemselvesintheirseatsinthetheater(

)thecurtainwentup.

问题1选项

A.than

B.when

C.before

D.as

【答案】B

【解析】考试固定搭配。scarcely...when...意为“一……就……,刚刚……就……”。

句意:他们刚坐在剧院的座位上,幕布就升起了。

7.单选题

Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeepermoreimportantrelationships.

Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.

Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallyforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallengedbutdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentonthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyonthebasisofteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.

Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessors:oneisthetimeneededtokeepupwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“lost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearchbuttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofessanditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorsunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators”orsomethingelse.

Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreat.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystem,butthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.

1.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause(

).

3.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

4.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhofirstandforemostdo(

).

5.Thephrase"theproblem”(Line3,Para.5)refersto(

).

问题1选项

A.Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.

B.Teachingandresearcharecontradictory.

C.Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.

D.Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.

问题2选项

A.researchimprovesthequalityofteaching

B.studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessors

C.professorswithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtough

D.itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectively

问题3选项

A.Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.

B.Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.

C.Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.

D.Therapiddevelopmentofmodernsciencemakesitimpossibletocombineteachingwithresearch.

问题4选项

A.scientificresearch

B.teaching

C.fieldwork

D.investigation

问题5选项

A.raisingthestatusofteaching

B.theseparationofteachingfromresearch

C.thecombinationofteachingwithresearch

D.improvingthestatusofresearch

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读第一段“Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeepermoreimportantrelationships.最近在报纸和杂志上的报道表明,教学和研究是相互矛盾的,研究在学术推广中扮演的角色过于突出,而对教学的重视严重不足。这些说法有一定的真实性,但它们也忽略了更深层次更重要的关系。”可知作者认为教学与研究的更深层次的关系被忽略了。故A项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第三段“Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallyforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.大多数研究型大学奖励杰出的教学,但通常对研究成果给予最大认可。部分原因是很难对教学进行评判。”可知大学重视研究的部分原因是很难客观评判教学。故D项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第四段“Althoughscientistsareusually‘made’intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe‘lost’bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.尽管科学家通常是在小学‘培养’出来的,但科学家也可能因为大学和研究生阶段糟糕的教学而‘流失’。”可知B项“为了培养新的科学家,改善小学的教学是最重要的”错误。A项“研究型大学的杰出教授应该只专注于研究”only表达过于绝对,故A项错误。D项“现代科学的迅速发展使教学与研究不能结合起来。”错误。故C项“教学与科研分离会降低未来科学家的素质”符合文章内容。

4.细节事实题。由第四段“Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofessanditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorsunwillingtoteachcanbecalled‘distinguishedresearchinvestigators’orsomethingelse.教授的头衔应该只授予那些从事教授工作的人,也许大学是时候把它保留给那些愿意成为学者群体中重要一部分的人了。不愿意教书的教授可以被称为‘杰出的研究人员’或别的什么。”可知教授的头衔应该留给愿意教学的人。故B项正确。

5.词义题。由最后一句“Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystem,butthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.那些说我们可以把教学和科研分开的人根本不了解这个制度,但那些说这个问题会消失的人没有尽到自己的责任。”可知“这个问题”指教学和科研分开,故B项正确。

8.单选题

Businesstravelersusedtobethecashcowsofthehotelbusiness.Armedwithcorporatecreditcardsandexpenseaccounts,they'dhappilylaydownhundredsofdollarspernightfortheprivilegeofaGodivachocolateontheirpillowandasunkenwhirlpooltubintheirbathroom.Butjustasprolongedcorporatebelttighteninghasforcedroadwarriorstousebudgetairlines,moreandmoreofthemarenoweschewingfive-starlodginginfavorofcheaperaccommodations.Indeed,earlierthisyeartheU.S.-basedNationalBusinessTravelAssociationreleasedfiguresshowingthat61percentofcorporatetravelmanagersplannedtobooktheirpeopleintolower-pricedhotelsinthecomingyear.

Here'sthegoodnews:penny-pinchingistranslatingintobetterdealsatcheapandup-markethotelsalike.Servicesatmiddle-markethotelsarerisingtoaccommodateanewwaveofmoredemandingcorporatecustomers.Andluxuryhotelsareworkinghardertokeepbusinesstravelerscoming,offeringlowerrates,specialpackagesandextraservices.Eventhoughbusiness-travelvolumeissettorisebymorethan4percentin2004afterthreedismalyears,hotelswillcontinuetobeunderpressureinlargepartbecauseaweakdollarisforcingAmericanbusinesstravelerstosearchforvalue.

Someofthebestdealsarecomingfromthebigchains.InJanuary,StarwoodHotelsannounceditwouldupgradeitglobalmiddle-marketbrand.FourPoints,byrollingoutfreehigh-speedwirelessInternetaccessinallguestrooms.Ontheflipside,upscalebrandslikeInterContinentalandRitzCarltonaresellingemptyroomsatdiscountratesviaonlineservices.Thathastheeffectofdepressingluxury-roomprices,becausecorporatetravelmanagerscannowdemandthathotelsmatchtheirowndiscountpricesallthetime.InterContinentalhotelsinFranceandGermanyhavebeenhitsohardthattheyareactuallyrepricingtheirroomstoreflectratesbeforethedollarbeganfalling.UpscalehotelslikeWaldorf-Astoria,Sofitelarealsotryingtoofferextraservices.

Butbewareofnew,hiddenfees.Inanefforttomakeupsomeoftheirlostrevenue,hotelsarestartingtochargecorporatetravelersforthingsthatusedtobefree——includingbreakfast,banquetormeetingrooms.

Asidefromsavingcompaniesmoney,thetrendinfrugalbusinesstravelmaygiverisetoawholenewmarketsegment:thebuy-to-lethotelroom.LastweekinLondon,BritishpropertydeveloperJohnnySandelsonlaunchedGuestlnvest,ahotelinNottingHillwhereuserscanpurchasearoomfor£235,000,useitforamaximumof52nightsayearthemselves,thenrentitouttherestofthetimetomakeextramoney.Itseemsanideawhosetimehascome:Guestlnvestsaysithasalreadyfieldedhundredsofcallsfrombusinesspeopleinterestedinmakingacheaperhoteltheirsecondhome.

1.Accordingtothepassage,businesstravelersusedto().

2.Howdohotelsreacttothepenny-pinchingpolicy?

3.Travelerscannowdemandhotelstomatchtheirownpricesbecause().

4.Comparedwithtraditionalhotels,thebuy-tolethotel().

问题1选项

A.becustomersofluxurioushotels

B.booklower-pricedhotels

C.enjoyprivilegesinhotels

D.takebudgetairlines

问题2选项

A.Theyhavetoraisetheirrates

B.Theyofferbetterdealsfortravelers

C.Theychargemoreonextraservices

D.Theyaresufferingsuccessivedismal

问题3选项

A.travelersonlyhavelimitedbudget

B.travelersdemandforextraservices

C.hotelsaretryingtodepresstheirprices

D.hotelsaretryinghardtokeepgoodbusiness

问题4选项

A.costlessandcanbeprofitable

B.attractsmoreattentionsfromtravelers

C.providesbetterroomandservice

D.makestravelersfeelmoreathome

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知,商务旅行者过去怎么样?”文章第一段第二句提到在企业紧缩预算的影响下,商务旅行者现在避开五星级酒店而选择便宜的住宿地方(Butjustasprolongedcorporatebelttighteninghasforcedroadwarriorstousebudgetairlines,moreandmoreofthemarenoweschewingfive-starlodginginfavorofcheaperaccommodations),由此可以推测过去他们常常选择五星级酒店住宿,选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“酒店如何应对这种精打细算的政策?”文章第二段第一句话提到随之而来的是便宜而且高档的酒店的更加优惠的政策(Here’sthegoodnews:penny-pinchingistranslatingintobetterdealsatcheapandup-markethotelsalike),说明为了招揽顾客,酒店提供给商务旅行者优惠政策,选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“旅行者现在要求酒店的价格与自己期望的价格一致的原因是什么?”文章第二段第三句话提到“豪华酒店在努力吸引商务旅行者,给他们提供更低的价格、特殊的套餐和额外的服务”(Andluxuryhotelsareworkinghardertokeepbusinesstravelerscoming,offeringlowerrates,specialpackagesandextraservices);第三段提到商务旅行经理现在可以要求酒店一致保持与自己的折扣价格一致(Thathastheeffectofdepressingluxury-roomprices,becausecorporatetravelmanagerscannowdemandthathotelsmatchtheirowndiscountpricesallthetime),这一系列的措施都是为了吸引顾客,因此选项D符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“与传统酒店相比,‘先买后租’酒店怎么样?”文章最后一段提到除了为公司省钱之外,还应运而生了一种新的市场:“先买后租”,即购买酒店房间,然后用来出租(Asidefromsavingcompaniesmoney,thetrendinfrugalbusinesstravelmaygiverisetoawholenewmarketsegment:thebuy-to-lethotelroom),这说明这种模式是为了省钱,后面又提到了能把买下的房间租给他人,说明还能赚钱,因此选项A“花费减少,并且还能盈利”符合题意。

9.单选题

We’reinanerawhencomputerhackersarestealingcredit-cardnumbersandothertechnologicallyadeptcriminalsare()nationalborders.

问题1选项

A.transplanting

B.transgressing

C.transforming

D.transmitting

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。transplanting“移植”;transgressing“违反,违法,越界”;transforming“转化,转变”;transmitting“传递,传送”。句意:我们处在电脑黑客盗取信用卡密码,其他技术犯罪不断侵犯国界的一个时代。选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity,Mr.Browniscertainlyonthe____ofabrilliantcareer.

问题1选项

A.porch

B.edge

C.course

D.threshold

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.porch门廊;门厅B.edge边;边缘

C.course方针;行动方向D.threshold门槛;门口

【答案】D

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】固定搭配onthethresholdof意为“在……的开端;即将开始”。句意:作为这所大学最年轻的教授之一,布朗先生的辉煌事业……。根据句意,因为布朗先生是这所大学最年轻的教授,所以他的辉煌事业即将开始。D选项固定搭配符合句意,因此选D。

【干扰项排除】

A选项porch“门廊;门厅”,不符合固定搭配;

B选项edge“边;边缘”,ontheedgeof表示“濒于;在……边缘”,与布朗先生辉煌的事业不搭,不符合语境;

C选项course“方针;行动方向”,该选项不符合语境。

【句意】作为这所大学最年轻的教授之一,布朗先生即将开创辉煌的事业。

11.单选题

Thereareover6,000differentcomputerandonlinegamesintheworldnow.Asegmentofthemareconsideredtobebotheducationalandharmlesslyentertaining.Onesuchgameteachesgeography,andanothertrainspilots.Otherstraintheplayerinlogicalthinkingandproblemsolving.Somegamesmayalsohelppeopletobecomemorecomputerliterate,whichismoreimportantinthistechnology-drivenera.

Butthedarksideofthecomputergameshasbecomesmoreandmoreobvious.“Asegmentofgamesfeaturesanti-socialthemesofviolence,sexandcrudelanguage,”saysDavidWalsh,presidentoftheNationalInstituteonMediaandFamily.“Unfortunately,it'sasegmentthatseemsparticularlypopularwithkidsagedeighttofifteen.”

Onestudyshowedthatalmost80percentofthecomputerandonlinegamesyoungpeoplepreferredcontainedviolence.Theinvestigatorssaid“Thesearenotjustgamesanymore.Thesearelearningmachines.We’reteachingkidsinthemostincrediblemannerwhatit'sliketopullthetrigger.Whattheyarenotlearningarethereal-lifeconsequences.”

Theyalsosaid“Thenewandmoresophisticatedgamesareevenworse,becausetheyhavebettergraphicsandallowtheplayerstoparticipateinevenmorerealisticviolentacts.”InthegameCarmageddon,forexample,theplayerwillhavedrivenoverandkilledupto33,000peoplebythetimealllevelsarecompleteD.Adescriptionoftheoutcomeofthegamesays:“Yourvictimsnotonlysquishunderyourtiresandsplatterbloodonthewindshield;theyalsogetontheirkneesandbegformercy,orcommitsuicide.Ifyoulike,youcanalsodismemberthem.”

Isallthisstimulatedviolenceharmful?Approximately3,000differentstudieshaveconductedonthissubject.Manyhavesuggestedthatthereisaconnectionbetweenviolenceingamesandincreasedaggressivenessintheplayers.

Somespecialistsdownplaytheinfluenceofthegames,sayingthatotherfactorsmustbetakenintoconsideration,suchasthepossibilitythatkidswhoalreadyhaveviolenttendenciesarechoosingsuchgames.Butcoulditbethatviolentgamesstillplayacontributionrole?Itseemsunrealistictoinsistthatpeoplearenotinfluencedbywhattheysee.Ifthatweretrue,whywouldthecommercialworldspendbillionsofdollarsannuallyfortelevisionadvertising?

1.Accordingtoonestudy,mostcomputerandonlinegames______.

2.Whatdoestheword“dismember”inParagraph4mean?

3.Manystudieshavesuggestedthat______.

4.Theauthoruses“televisionadvertising”asanexampletoillustratethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforpassageis______.

问题1选项

A.allowtheplayerstotakepartinkillingacts

B.thatyoungpeoplelikeinvolveviolence

C.teachtheplayerstobeantisocial

D.maketheplayersforgettherealliferesults

问题2选项

A.Tocutsomebodyintopieces

B.Tokicksomebodyout

C.Todismisssomebody

D.Tostabaknifeintosomebody

问题3选项

A.moreandmoreyoungpeopleappreciatecruelcomputergames

B.therearenowfarmoreincidentsofviolenceduetocomputergames

C.violenceincomputergamesmakestheirplayermoreaggressive

D.simulatedviolenceincomputergamesisdifferentfromreallife

问题4选项

A.otherfactorsmustbeconsideredaspossiblecausesofviolenceinreallife

B.thereisacloselinkbetweencomputergamesandincreasinglygrowingviolenceinreallife

C.computerandonlinegamesarenottheonlycauseofincreasedviolenceinreality

D.thecommercialworldiscontributingtotheincreasedviolenceinreality

问题5选项

A.TheDevelopmentofViolentComputerGames

B.AstudyontheInfluenceofComputerandOnlineGames

C.TheDarkSideofComputerandOnlineGames

D.ComputerandOnlineGames—AdvantagesandDisadvantages

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段“Asegmentofgamesfeaturesanti-socialthemesofviolence,sexandcrudelanguage.”saysDavidWalsh,presidentoftheNationalInstituteonMediaandFamily.中文翻译为:国家媒体与家庭研究所所长大卫•沃尔什说,部分游戏以暴力、性和粗俗语言为反社会主题。A选项“允许玩家参与杀戮行为”可排除。B选项“年轻人喜欢使用暴力”可排除。D选项“让玩家忘记现实生活的结果”可排除。C选项“教导玩家要反社会”最符合题意。因此C选项正确。

2.词义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段中最后一句“youcanalsodismemberthem.”中文翻译为:你也可以肢解它们。B选项“把某人赶出去”排除。C选项“解雇某人”不符合题意。D选项“用刀刺某人”也可排除。由此可知A选项“把某人切成碎片”正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段“Approximately3,000differentstudieshaveconductedonthissubject.Manyhavesuggestedthatthereisaconnectionbetweenviolenceingamesandincreasedaggressivenessintheplayers.”中文翻译为:大约有3000个不同的研究在这个问题上进行。许多人认为游戏中的暴力行为和玩家攻击性的增强之间存在联系A选项“越来越多的年轻人喜欢残酷的电脑游戏”不符合题意,故排除。B选项“现在有更多的暴力事件是由于电脑游戏”不符合题意,故排除。C选项“电脑游戏中的暴力使玩家更具攻击性”符合题意。因此C选项正确。D选项“电脑游戏中的模拟暴力不同于现实生活”不符合题意,故排除。

4.作者意图题。根据题干关键词“televisionadvertising”定位到原文第六段“Ifthatweretrue,whywouldthecommercialworldspendbillionsofdollarsannuallyfortelevisionadvertising?”,中文翻译为:如果这是真的,为什么商业世界每年要花费数十亿美元在电视广告上。联系上下文,D选项“现实中,商业世界正在助长暴力的增加”最符合题意,因此选项D正确。A选项“其他因素也必须被认为是现实生活中暴力的可能原因”不符合题意,故排除。B选项“电脑游戏和现实生活中日益增长的暴力之间有着密切的联系”不符合题意,故排除。C选项“电脑和网络游戏并不是现实中暴力增加的唯一原因”不符合题意,故排除。

5.判断推理题。A选项“TheDevelopmentofViolentComputerGames”暴力电脑游戏的发展,文章不仅仅讲暴力游戏的发展,故A选项排除。B选项“计算机和网络游戏的影响研究”,文章对于计算机并未提及,故B选项排除。C选项“电脑和网络游戏的黑暗面”,在文章第一段也讲述了网络游戏的益处,故C选项排除。D选项“电脑和网络游戏的优点和缺点”最符合题意,故选D。

12.不定项选择题

Overthelast25years,Britishsocietyhaschangedagreatdeal—oratleastmanypartsofithave.Insomeways,however,verylittlehaschanged,particularlywhereattitudesareconcerned.Ideasaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis“working-class”or“middle-class”—areoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow.

Inthepast,theworking-classtendedtobepaidlessthanmiddle-classpeople,suchasteachersanddoctors.Asaresultofthisandalsoofthefactthatworkers’jobsweregenerallymuchlesssecure,distinctdifferencesinlife-stylesandattitudescameintoexistence.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved,havinggivenhiswifeher“housekeeping”,wouldgooutandsquandertherestonbeerandbetting.

Thestereotypeofwhatamiddle-classmandidwithhismoneywasperhapsnearerthetruth.Hewas—andstillis—inclinedtotakealonger-termview.Notonlydidheregardbuyingahousebutalsotheseprovidedhimandhisfamilywithsecurity.Onlyinveryfewcasesdidworkershavetheopportunity(ortheeducationandtraining)tomakesuchlong-termplans.

Nowadays,agreatdealhaschanged.Inalargenumberofcasesfactoryworkersearnasmuch,ifnotmore,thantheirmiddle-classsupervisors.Socialsecurityandlawstoimprovecentury,havemadeitlessnecessarythanbeforetoworryabouttomorrow.Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast.Infacttherehasbeenagrowingtendencyinthepastfewyearsforthemiddle-classestofeelslightlyashamedoftheirposition.

Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople.Theygenerallytendtoshareverysimilartastesinmusicandclothes,theyspendtheirmoneyinhavingagoodtime,andsaveforholidaysorlonger-termplanswhennecessary.Thereseemstobemuchlessdifferencethaninpreviousgenerations.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave)andthelow-paid.Aslongasthisgapexists,therewillalwaysbeapossibilitythatnewconflictsandjealousieswillemerge,orratherthattheoldconflictswillre-appear,butbetweendifferentgroups.

1.Whichofthefollowingisseenasthecauseofclassdifferencesinthepast?

2.Thewriterseemstosuggestthatthedescriptionof______isclosertotruth.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNotatypicalfeatureofthemiddle-class?

4.Workingclasspeople’ssenseofsecurityincreasedasaresultofallthefollowingfactorEXCEPT______.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementisincorrect?

问题1选项

A.Lifestyleandoccupation.

B.Attitudeandincome.

C.Incomeandjobsecurity.

D.Jobsecurityandhobbies.

问题2选项

A.middle-classwaysofspendingmoney

B.working-classwaysofspendingtheweekend

C.working-classdrinkinghabits

D.middle-classattitudes

问题3选项

A.Desiringforsecurity.

B.Makinglongtermplans.

C.Havingprioritiesinlife.

D.Savingmoney.

问题4选项

A.bettersocialsecurity

B.morejobopportunities

C.higherlivingstandard

D.betterlegalprotection

问题5选项

A.ChangesareslowlytakingplaceinallsectorsoftheBritishsociety.

B.Thegapbetweenworking-classandmiddle-classyoungpeopleisnarrowing.

C.Differenceinincomewillremainbutthoseinoccupationwilldisappear.

D.Middle-classpeoplemaysometimesfeelinferiortoworkingclasspeople.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Whichofthefollowingisseenasthecauseofclassdifferencesinthepast?1.下列哪一项被认为是过去阶级差异的原因?

A.Lifestyleandoccupation.A.生活方式和职业。

B.Attitudeandincome.B.态度和收入。

C.Incomeandjobsecurity.C.收入和工作保障。

D.Jobsecurityandhobbies.D.工作保障和爱好。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第二段前两句“过去,工人阶级的收入往往比教师和医生等中产阶级的收入低。由于这一点,也由于工人的工作普遍不那么有保障,生活方式和态度出现了明显的差异。”可知,收入的不同和工作普遍没有那么有保障是造成过去阶级差异的原因,所以该题选择C项“收入和工作保障”。

【干扰项排除】

A项“生活方式和职业”和B项“态度和收入”中的生活方式和态度是阶级差异的结果,并不是其原因,这两项曲解原文;

D项“工作保障和爱好”,原文第二段提到“工人领完工资交给妻子后就去挥霍在喝酒和赌博上”可知,工人喝酒和赌博的爱好是阶级差异造成的结果,不是原因,该项也曲解原文。

2.【选项释义】

2.Thewriterseemstosuggestthatthedescriptionof______isclosertotruth.2.作者似乎在暗示______的描述更接近事实。

A.middle-classwaysofspendingmoneyA.中产阶级花钱方式

B.working-classwaysofspendingtheweekendB.工人阶级过周末的方式

C.working-classdrinkinghabitsC.工人阶级的饮酒习惯

D.middle-classattitudesD.中产阶级的态度

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先根据题干定位至第三段第一句“中产阶级男人如何理财的陈词滥调也许更接近事实(Thestereotypeofwhatamiddle-classmandidwithhismoneywasperhapsnearerthetruth)”可知,这里讲到中产阶级男人如何理财的陈词滥调更接近事实,然后下文提到“他不仅考虑买一套房子,而且这也为他和他的家人提供了安全感”,综合理解可推断,作者在这其实是暗示中产阶级花钱的方式更接近事实,所以A项“中产阶级花钱方式”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“工人阶级过周末的方式”和C项“工人阶级的饮酒习惯”根据第二段最后一句“人们普遍认为(itwaswidelybelieved),典型的工人会在周五晚上领取工资,然后在给妻子料理家务后,就出去把剩下的钱挥霍在啤酒和赌博上”可知,这两项是人们普遍认为的观点,并不是作者暗示的内容,属于张冠李戴;

D项“中产阶级的态度”根据解题思路可知,该项曲解原文。

3.【选项释义】

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNotatypicalfeatureofthemiddle-class?3.根据文章,下列哪项不是中产阶级的典型特征?

A.Desiringforsecurity.A.渴望安全。

B.Makinglongtermplans.B.制定长期计划。

C.Havingprioritiesinlife.C.在生活中有优先权。

D.Savingmoney.D.存钱。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第三段二三四句“他(中产阶级男人)过去倾向于更长期的观点,现在依然如此。他不仅考虑买一套房子,而且这也为他和他的家人提供了安全感。只有在极少数情况下,工人们才有机会(或接受教育和培训)制定这样的长期计划。”可知,中产阶级的典型特征就是寻求安全感,制定长期计划,以及有接受教育和培训的机会,即比工人们更有优先权享受到这些机会,只有D项“存钱”没有提到,所以该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A项“渴望安全”、B项“制定长期计划”和C项“在生活中有优先权”根据解题思路可知,这三项符合原文,属于反向干扰。

4.【选项释义】

4.Workingclasspeople’ssenseofsecurityincreasedasaresultofallthefollowingfactorEXCEPT______.4.工人阶级的安全感增加,除了______以外,其他因素都有影响。

A.bettersocialsecurityA.社会保障的改善

B.morejobopportunitiesB.更多就业机会

C.higherlivingstandardC.更高的生活水平

D.betterlegalprotectionD.更好的法律保护

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第四段二三句“在很多情况下,工厂工人的收入与他们的中产阶级主管一样多,甚至更多。社会保障和法律的改善,已经使它比以前更没有必要担心明天。”可知,工人阶级收入的提高、社会保障和法律的改善是使他们更有安全感的因素,只有B项“更多就业机会”是没有提到,所以该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】

A项“社会保障的改善”符合原文,属于反向干扰;

D项“更好的法律保护”符合原文,属于反向干扰;

C项“更高的生活水平”,工人收入比中产阶级收入一样多甚至更高,从而生活水平也会相应上升,所以该项也属于反向干扰。

5.【选项释义】

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementisincorrect?5.下面哪个陈述是错误的?

A.ChangesareslowlytakingplaceinallsectorsoftheBritishsociety.A.英国社会的各个方面都在慢慢地发生着变化。

B.Thegapbetweenworking-classandmiddle-classyoungpeopleisnarrowing.B.工人阶级和中产阶级年轻人之间的差距正在缩小。

C.Differenceinincomewillremainbutthoseinoccupationwilldisappear.C.收入差距将继续存在,但职业差距将消失。

D.Middle-classpeoplemaysometimesfeelinferiortoworkingclasspeople.D.中产阶级有时会觉得自己不如工人阶级。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第一段首句“在过去的25年里,英国社会发生了巨大的变化——至少在很多方面是这样的”可知,英国社会在很多方面都发生了巨大的变化,也就是说变化快速,所以A项“英国社会的各个方面都在慢慢地发生着变化”与原文不符,该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】

B项“工人阶级和中产阶级年轻人之间的差距正在缩小”根据最后一段第一句“生活方式和态度的变化可能在年轻人中最容易看到”以及第三句“与前几代人相比,现在的差异似乎要小得多”可知,工人阶级和中产阶级年轻人之间的差异正在缩小,该项属于反向干扰;

C项“收入差距将继续存在,但职业差距将消失”根据最后一段第四句“然而,在高薪人群(无论他们从事何种工作)和低收入人群之间仍然存在着巨大的差距”可知,该项符合原文,属于反向干扰;

D项“中产阶级有时会觉得自己不如工人阶级”根据第四段最后一句“事实上,在过去几年里,中产阶级对自己的地位感到有点羞愧的趋势越来越明显”可知,该项也符合原文,属于反向干扰。

13.单选题

____inthedark,hisheadhitagainstthewall.

问题1选项

A.Whenhewaswalking

B.Walking

C.Hiswalking

D.Whilewalking

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.WhenhewaswalkingB.Walking

C.HiswalkingD.Whilewalking

【答案】A

【考查点】非谓语动词

【解题思路】根据选项推断原句语义为“在黑暗中行走,他的头撞墙了”。非谓语动词应与句子的主语存在逻辑上的语义关系,该句的主语hishead“他的头”与“走”这个动作不存在任何语义关系,存在语义关系的是“他”,因此,这里不能使用walk的非谓语形式。A选项Whenhewaswalking“他(在黑暗中)行走时”,when引导时间状语从句,符合英语语法,主句和从句可以使用不同的主语。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合语法规范。

【句意】他在黑暗中行走时,头撞到了墙上。

14.单选题

Accordingtoanthropologists,peopleinpre-industrialsocietiesspent3to4hoursperdayorabout20hoursperweekdoingtheworknecessaryforlife.Moderncomparisonsoftheamountofworkperformedperweek,however,beginwiththeIndustrialRevolution(1760-1840)when10-to-12-hourworkdayswithsixworkdaysperweekwerethenorm.Even,withextensivetimedevotedtowork,however,bothincomesandstandardsoflivingwerelow.AsincomesroseneartheendoftheIndustrialRevolution,itbecameincreasinglycommontotreatSaturdayafternoonsasahalf-dayholiday.Theha

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