考研考博-英语-安徽机电职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽机电职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thetigercontinuedto（

）usbywalkingroundandroundourtent.

问题1选项

A.trap

B.transplant

C.menace

D.provoke

【答案】C

【解析】trap诱骗,设陷阱；transplant移植；menace威胁,恐吓；provoke激怒,煽动。句意:老虎围绕着帐篷转来转去,继续威胁着我们。选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

Pleaseholduponasumofmoneytocoverthecostsofhandling.

问题1选项

A.borrow

B.reserve

C.take

D.carry

【答案】B

【解析】holdupon意为持有，储备。只有选项B与之意思相近。

3.单选题

Asyoucantellfromhowanimatedheis.Charlesisnottiredenoughtogotobedyet.Hewouldn’tsleepifhegoestobednow.

问题1选项

A.Asyoucan

B.howanimatedheis

C.tiredenough

D.hegoestobed

E.没有问题

【答案】D

【解析】时态错误。hegoestobed改为weretogotobed,主句和从句部分都是表示与将来事实相反，主句用would/could+动词原形，从句用wereto/should+动词原形。

4.单选题

AlthoughIhadbeeninvitedtotheopeningceremony,Iwasunabletoattend________suchshortnotice.

问题1选项

A.to

B.in

C.with

D.on

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：尽管我被邀请去参加了开幕式，但是我没能够参加。根据关键词suchshortnotice，结合选项可知考查点是固定搭配——onsuchshortnotice“刚约就要见（没有给对方充裕的时间）”，所以答案选D。attendto是“照顾，处理”的意思，代入句子中间不符合逻辑。

5.单选题

HarvardUniversityandMITare______thefourthandfifthlargestemployersinthearea.

问题1选项

A.representatively

B.respectively

C.respectably

D.respectfully

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.representatively典型地B.respectively分别地，各自地

C.respectably相当好地，可敬地D.respectfully尊敬地

【考查点】副词辨析。

【解题思路】由空格后面的thefourthandfifthlargestemployers（第四大和第五大雇主）可知，“分别地”符合句子意思。因此，B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合句子意思。

【句意】哈佛大学和麻省理工学院分别是该地区第四大和第五大雇主。

6.单选题

Theremarkable（）oflifeontheGalopagosIslandsinspiredCharlesDarwintoestablishhistheoryofevolution.

问题1选项

A.classification

B.variety

C.density

D.diversion

【答案】B

【解析】词汇题。variety变种,

多样,

种种；classification分类,

类别,

级别；density

稠密,

密度；diversion转移,

消遣。根据句意，这里应该是生命的多样性。选项B正确。句意：加拉帕戈斯群岛上生命的显著多样性启发了查尔斯·达尔文建立了他的进化论。

7.单选题

China’sresumingexerciseofsovereigntyoverHongKongandMacaois（

）ofChineseprosperity.

问题1选项

A.indulgent

B.indifferent

C.indignant

D.indicative

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项indulgent“放纵的，宽容的”；B选项indifferent“冷淡的，中立的”；C选项indignant“愤愤不平的”；D选项indicative“象征的”。句意：中国恢复对香港和澳门行使主权，象征着中国繁荣昌盛。选项D符合句意。

8.单选题

Livinginpoverty,shesoldfor1000dollarsthe（

）ofherfather’sfirstwork,whichmadehimfamous.

问题1选项

A.manuscript

B.document

C.file

D.duplicate

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项manuscript“手稿，原稿”；B选项document“文件”；C选项file“文件，档案”；D选项duplicate“副本，复制品”。句意：由于生活贫困，她以1000美元的价格卖掉了她父亲第一部作品并且使之成名的手稿。选项A更符合语境。

9.单选题

Hollywoodhasalwaysbeenaninternationalbusiness,butitisbecomingdramaticallymoreso.Inthepastdecadetotalbox-officespendinghasrisenbyaboutone-thirdinNorthAmericawhilemorethandoublingelsewhere.ThankstoHarryPoller,SherlockHolmesand“Inception”,WarnerBrosmade$2.93billionoutsideNorthAmericalastyear,smashingthestudio’spreviousrecordof$2.24billion.FallingDVDsalesinAmerica,byfartheworld’sbiggesthome-entertainmentmarket,meanHollywoodisevenmoredependentonforeignpunters.

Thegrowthoftheinternationalboxofficeispartlyaresultofthedollar'sweakness.Itwasalsohelpedby“Avatar”,andeco-fantasythatmadeastartling$2billionoutsideNorthAmerica.Butthreethingsareparticularlyimportant:acinemaboomintheemergingworld,aconcertedeffortbythemajorstudiostomakefilmsthatmightplaywelloutsideAmericaandaglobalmarketingpushtomakesuretheydo.

Russia,withitsshrinkingteenagepopulation,isanunlikelyspotforabox-officeboom.Yetcinema-buildingisproceedingapace,andsupplyliascreateddemand.Lastyear160mcinematicketsweresoldinRussia—thefirsttimeinrecentyearsthatsaleshaveexceededthecountry’spopulation.Ticketpriceshaverisen,inpartbecausethenewcinemasaresuperior,withdigitalprojectorsthatcanshow3Dfilms.

Growingfearsofpiracyhaveledstudiostoreleasefilmsalmostsimultaneouslyinmanycountries;increasingly,thepremieretakesplaceoutsideAmerica.Thatchangesthemarketinggame,saysMichaelLynton,headofSonyPictures.StudiosusedtorelyonrumorsofAmericansuccessseepingoutofthecountry,primingaudienceselsewheretoseeafilm.Nowtheymustconductcoordinatedglobalcampaigns.Starsaregatheredfortwo-week-longmarketingblitzes（突袭）thatmaytakethemtotencountries--“likeapoliticalcampaign”,saysMr.Lynton.

ThesuccessofafilmoutsideAmericaisnotpurelyamarketingmatter.Asforeignbox-officesaleshavebecomemoreimportant,thepeoplewhomanageinternationaldistributionhavebecomemoreinfluential,weighinginon“green-light”decisionsaboutwhichfilmsaremade.Thestudiosarecarefultoseedfilmswithactors,locationsand,occasionally,languagesthatarewell-knownintargetcountries.

1.TheauthorofthepassageusesHarryPotterinthefirstparagraphto（）.

2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,thefollowingaretheelementscontributingtothesuccessof“Avatar”EXCEPT（）.

3.Thesentence“supplyhascreateddemand”inthethirdparagraphcanbestbeexplainedbythefactthat（）.

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraph?

5.Accordingtothepassage,thesuccessofafilmoutsideAmericacanbedeterminedbyallthefollowingelementsEXCEPT（）.

问题1选项

A.showthatWarnerBiosisthemostsuccessfulstudioinHollywood

B.exemplifyHollywood’srelianceonforeignmarkets

C.indicatethedownturnofAmerica’sdomesticfilmmarket

D.emphasizetheinterdependencebetweenWarnerBrosandotherstudios

问题2选项

A.moreandmorecountriesareintheboomingperiodoffilmmarket

B.thevalueofdollarisdecreasing

C.peoplehavepaidmoreattentiontotheeco-systemoutsideNorthAmerica

D.agoodcollaborationbetweenthemajorstudios

问题3选项

A.theyoungpopulationinRussiaistemptedintogoingtonewcinemasbytheirsuperiority.

B.theteenagepopulationinRussiaisdecreasingwithaspeedfasterthanthatofbuildingnewcinemas.

C.Russiaisbuildingalotofnewcinemaswithdigitalprojectors.

D.ticketpriceshaverisenbecause3Dfilmsareavailableinthenewcinemas.

问题4选项

A.Manycountriesareworriedbythegrowingpiracyofnewlyreleasedfilms.

B.Moviestarsareoftenaskedtoconductglobalmarketingcampaigns.

C.Inordertowinthemarket,rumorsofstarsareoftentakenintofilms.

D.Moviestarsdon’tliketheglobalmarketingcampaigns.

问题5选项

A.themarketrules

B.theunwrittenrules

C.peoplewhomanageinternationaldistribution

D.themajorlanguagesusedintargetcountries

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.作者意图题。文章开头指出:Hollywoodhasalwaysbeenaninternationalbusiness,butitisbecomingdramaticallymoreso(好莱坞影片运作一直是国际性产业，但这个趋势似乎愈演愈烈了),后面以HarryPotter为例:ThankstoHarryPotter,SherlockHolmesand“Inception”,WarnerBrosmade$2.93billionoutsideNorthAmericalastyear,smashingthestudio’spreviousrecordof$2.24billion(正是归功于哈利波特、福尔摩斯和‘盗梦空间’，华纳兄弟影业全年在北美以外的市场进账29.3亿美元，打破了22.4亿美元的记录),由此看出作者是为了举例证明好莱坞对国外市场的依赖。故选B。

2.判断推理题。各选项为:A:越来越多的国家处于电影市场的繁荣吋期,B:美元的贬值,C:人们已更加关注北美外的生态系统,D:主要的电影制片厂之间好的合作。第二段指出:Butthreethingsareparticularlyimportant:acinemaboomintheemergingworld,aconcertedeffortbythemajorstudiostomakefilmsthatmightplaywelloutsideAmericaandaglobalmarketingpushtomakesuretheydo(另外，还有三点重要原因：新兴国家电影院发展迅速，美国的大型电影制片方共同努力出品迎合海外市场口味的电影，以及国际营销的力量),由此可知A项和D项在文中有提及。再由第二段中“Thegrowthoftheinternationalboxofficeispartlyaresultofthedollar’sweakness(国际票房增长的部分原因是美元贬値)”可知B项在文中也有提及。因此C项未被提及。故选C。

3.判断推理题。根据题干定位至句子:Yetcinema-buildingisproceedingapace,andsupplyhascreateddemand.Lastyear160mcinematicketsweresoldinRussia—thefirsttimeinrecentyearsthatsaleshaveexceededthecountry’spopulation(但影院建设急速进行,….去年，俄国卖出1.6亿张电影票——打破了近几年来销量未能超过人口数量的规律)。因此,“supplyhascreateddemand”原意为“供应促进了需求”,即A项“俄罗斯的年轻人因新电影院的优势而被吸引去看电影”。

4.判断推理题。题干问:从第四段可以推断出什么?第四段指出:Starsaregatheredfortwo-week-longmarketingblitzesthatmaytakethemtotencountries——“likeapoliticalcampaign”，saysMr.Lynton(明星们要聚在一起巡回10个国家，参与长达两周的闪电式影片营销宣传计划——‘就像总统竞选’，Lynton先生提到)。由此推测B“电影明星经常被要求去进行全球营销活动”正确。

5.判断推理题。题干问:根据这篇文章，一部电影在美国外的成功取决于以下所有因素，除了…。各选项为:A:市场规则,B:潜规则,C:管理国际发行的人,D:目标国家使用的主要语言。最后一段指出:ThesuccessofafilmoutsideAmericaisnotpurelyamarketingmatter(—部电影在美国以外市场的成功不仅仅取决于营销因素),因此A属于因素之一。由“Asforeignbox-officesaleshavebecomemoreimportant,thepeoplewhomanageinternationaldistributionhavebecomemoreinfluential,weighinginon“green-light”decisionsaboutwhichfilmsaremade(随着海外票房的重要性与日俱增，海外电影发行管理人员影响力也膨胀了，他们有权决定给哪部电影开绿灯)”可知C属于。最后一段指出:Thestudiosarecarefultoseedfilmswithactors,locationsand,occasionally,languagesthatarewell-knownintargetcountries(针对目标国家，制片方要很用心地在影片中植入目标市场所熟悉的演员、拍摄地、甚至语言)。D也属于因素之一。因此只有B项未被提及,故选B。

10.翻译题

1.Eversinceitscreationover40yearsago，theInternethasremainedapredominantlyunre-strictedplace.Itisaplacewhereanyonecanpresentthemselvesinanyformtheychoose，butwhathappenswhenyourdigitalidentitybeginstomergewithyourreal-worldidentity?Arethosewhochoosetohidetheirrealnamesindangeroflosinganonymityonline?

2.Suchisthepowerofanonymityonthewebthatithasmadeitpossibleforpeople—someof

whommightnormallyberestrictedfromcommunicatingwiththeoutsideworld—tospeakoutwithoutfearingtherepercussionsoftheiractions.Actionscouldputthemindangerifcarriedoutusingtheirrealnames.Concealingone’strueidentityonlinehasmadeitpossibleforfreespeechtobreakthroughthephysicalbarriersenforcedbygovernmentsanddictatorshipsacrosstheworld.

3.Beinganonymousonthewebalsomakesitpossibleforpeopletodiscusssensitivesubjects，suchasmedicalconditions,physicalabuseandsexualorientation，withouttheseactionsaffectingtheireverydaylivesinanegativeorpotentiallyharmfulway.

Therearemanypositivewaystouseanonymityontheweb,buttherecansometimesbeveryde-structivesideeffectstoo，suchasbullying,racism,impersonationofanindividualorindividualswhobelievetheyareunidentifiable.84.Whenthiskindofdamagingactivityiscarriedoutonline，howcantheoffendereverbeheldaccountablefortheiractionswhentheyarealmostentirelyuntraceableinavirtualworld?

85.Alotofthetimetheysimplycannotbeidentifiedandthereforecannotbeheldaccountable，theoffendingindividualhidesbehindapseudonym，maskinghisorhertrueidentityandprotectingthemselvesfromtherepercussionsoftheiractions.Thisallsoundsverycomplicatedtoachieve，butinrealityit’sassimpleassettingupanemailaddress，creatinganonlineprofileunderafalsenameandcarryingoutmaliciousactsfromarandom,nondescriptlocation.

【答案】1.互联网从创立以来已有40多年的历史，但它现在仍然是一个相当不受约束的地方。

在互联网上，任何人都可以按他们意愿选择任何方式来展示自己。但是当你的电子身份和现实生活中的身份开始合二为一时，会发生什么事情呢？

2.网络匿名的好处是：它可以使那些可能通常被限制与外界沟通的人畅所欲言，并且不用担心他们的这些行为造成的影响。

3.在网络上匿名还可以让人们讨论一些敏感话题，比如医疗条件、身体虐待、性取向等话题。这些行为并不会对他们的日常生活产生消极的或潜在的不利影响。

4.当网络上出现这种破坏性行为时，违法者在现实世界中几乎完全无迹可寻，在这种情况下，他们该如何对自己的行为负责呢？

5.大多数时候，他们因为身份无法确定而不能被问责。这些违法的个体隐藏在假名后面，以遮掩他或她的真实身份，同时保护他们不受自身行为的影响。

11.单选题

These______attacksdisturbedusandweconsultedaphysician.

问题1选项

A.recurrent

B.sinister

C.affected

D.morbid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项recurrent“复发的，周期性的”，B项sinister“阴险的，凶兆的”，C项affected“受到影响的，做作的”，D项morbid“病态的，由病引起的，恐怖的”。根据关键信息weconsultedaphysician“我们咨询了医生”可知attack表示“疾病发作”；所以空格处填入recurrent符合句意。句意：这些反复发作的症状困扰着我们，我们去看了医生。因此，该题选择A项正确。

12.单选题

Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe（）us.Ithinkit’shightimewe（）strongactionsagainsthim.

问题1选项

A.betrayed…take

B.hadbetrayed…took

C.hasbetrayed…took

D.hasbetrayed…take

【答案】B

【解析】考查时态和虚拟语气。当句子里有序数词first/second/third...、副词only或最高级best/worst/most的时候，后面的定语从句要用完成时态。例如：ItisoneofthemostinterestingbooksI’veeverread．(这是我看过的最有趣的书之一。)，因为thatwasnot句子是过去时，这里应该用过去完成时：hadbetrayed。It’s(high)time（是做……的时候了），后面的句子要用谓语要用过去时或者should+动词原形，表示虚拟语气，所以这里要用took。句意：这已经不是他第一次背叛我们了，是我们采取强有力的行动对抗他的时候了。所以本题的正确答案是B选项。

13.单选题

Tofacilitateentryintofineartthinkingandavoidbeingmisledinfundamentalways,archaeologistsmustunderstandtheprinciplesthatdefineandgoverneachartcategory,whetherutilitarian,fineordecorative.Thetraditionalintentofacraftlikeceramicsistoserveautilitarianfunctionanditsabilitytoactinthiscapacityisessentiallydependentupontheskillofproperlyshapingavesseltocorrespondtoitstask,soneitheritsexactmannerofconstruction(byhandorwheel,coilorslab)northesignificanceofimageryglazedonitssurfacechangesitsprimaryrole“tocontain”,thoughitmayaddtoitsvalue.Whileceramicistsmustthinkandconstructartaccordingtocertainpatternsofutilitarianform,followingaprototypalmodelthatrelatestotheartwork’spurpose,finearthasnosuchrequirement.

Fineartistsoftenworkinmixedornewmedia,evidencedbytheexampleofvasescreatedduringtheGreekArchaicperiod,whichwereananomalytotheparadigmofearliervasesbecausethelateronesnotonlyserved“tocontain”,butalsotocommunicateideas.AnexaminationofthisapparentinconsistencyrevealsboththeGreek’shighregardforaestheticsandtheexplanationthatfineartistsusuallycreatedthepaintingsonthevasesmadebypotters.ThoughGreekvasepaintingdiffersgreatlyfromtheworkofmodernartistPabloPicasso,hetoopaintedonceramicobjectsmadebyothers.Contrastingancientfineartformssuchaspaintingsandstoneormetalsculptureswithcontemporaryfineartformssuchascomputerart,videoimagery,andholograms,itispossibletoseethatastheculture’stechnologytransforms,itschangesarevisibleinthestructuralformsoffineart.

Atthesametime,changesinfineartindicateitsmandatetobothreflectandcreatenewperceptionsoftheculture,butformaloneisinsufficienttoclassifyobjectsintoartcategories.Frequently,artthatservesadecorativefunctionisconfusedwithbothutilitarianandfineartbecauseofitssimilarappearance,butthefunctionofdecorativeartistheformitself,itisnotcompelledtofulfilleitherautilitariantaskoraddressconceptsthatexemplifyitshistoricperiod.Communicationwouldappearredundantiffineartists,likeutilitariananddecorativeartists,weretoproduceunlimitednumbersofthesameobject.Onceanideaisassimilatedintotheculturethereisnolongeraneedtodiscussitunlessartistsaremoreclearlydefiningorredefiningit.Therefore,archaeologistsshouldbeawarethatanartifactproducedinanywaybyformulaisnotfineart.Thefineartist’sprocessiscontinuousfromthemomentofconceptionuntilapieceiscomplete,andthuseverythingisthoughtofintermsofcontext,sothat,asageneralguide,archaeologistsshouldconsidernomarkwithinaworkunimportantandonlydefineitsmeaninginrelationtothewholepiece.

36.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

37.Accordingtothepassage,the"earliervases"mentionedinthesecondparagraphconstitutewhichofthefollowing?

38.Accordingtothepassage,theformwhichfinearttakesatanygivenhistoricalmomentisoftendictatedby（）.

39.Whichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthor'sviewoftheargumentthatfineartmaybedistinguishedasacategorybyitsphysicalform?

40.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfineartsproductionisbestsupportedbytheinformationpresentedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.distinguishingmutuallyexclusivecategories

B.clarifyinganapparentcontradiction

C.supportingnewideas

D.analyzingaproblem

问题2选项

A.Theproductofmixedmediaart,involvinghybridforms.

B.Acaseofprimarilyutilitarianartbeingputtodecorativepurposes.

C.Utilitarianartwhosemakersweresolelyconcernedwithfunctionality.

D.Fineart,whoseprimarypurposeistoconveyaestheticmeaning.

问题3选项

A.thelevelofcontinuityintheartist’sthinkingprocess

B.theconceptswhichexemplifythehistoricalperiodofitscreation

C.thetechnologyavailabletotheartistatthetimetheartpieceiscreated

D.thelevelofskillwhichtheartistbringstotheartwork

问题4选项

A.Outrightapproval.

B.Skepticism.

C.Neutrality.

D.Indignation.

问题5选项

A.Thebestfineartisinsomecasesproducedbyformula,resultinginmassquantitiesofasingleobject.

B.Onceanartistcreatesawork,thereisusuallylittlebenefitinhisduplicatingit,asithasalreadyconveyeditsmeaning.

C.Inaestheticterms,fineartisoftenconsideredsuperiortodecorativeart,whosebeautyislimitedbyfunctionality.

D.Atthepresenthistoricalmoment,hightechnologylikeelectronicsseldomplaysaroleinartsotherthanfinearts.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】36.主旨大意。原文第一段第一句提到Tofacilitateentryintofineartthinkingandavoidbeingmisledinfundamentalways,archaeologistsmustunderstandtheprinciplesthatdefineandgoverneachartcategory,whetherutilitarian,fineordecorative.（为了便于进入美术思维，避免在基本方面被误导，考古学家必须理解定义和管理每一个艺术类别的原则，无论是实用主义的、精细的还是装饰性的。），说明作者在分析一个问题。从而得出本题答案。

37.细节推断。根据题干“earliervases”定位到原文第二段第一句Fineartistsoftenworkinmixedornewmedia,evidencedbytheexampleofvasescreatedduringtheGreekArchaicperiod,whichwereananomalytotheparadigmofearliervasesbecausethelateronesnotonlyserved“tocontain”,butalsotocommunicateideas.（优秀的艺术家经常使用混合或新媒介的作品，以希腊古时期的花瓶为例，这是早期花瓶范式的一种反常，因为后期的花瓶不仅具有“容纳”的作用，而且还具有传达思想的作用。）分析第一句可知earliervases指代前文的“mixedornewmedia”,从而得出本题答案。

38.细节推理题。根据题干关键词“fineart”定位到原文第二段最后一句Contrastingancientfineartformssuchaspaintingsandstoneormetalsculptureswithcontemporaryfineartformssuchascomputerart,videoimagery,andholograms,itispossibletoseethatastheculture’stechnologytransforms，itschangesarevisibleinthestructuralformsoffineart.（对比古代美术形式，如绘画、石雕或金属雕塑，与当代美术形式，如计算机艺术、视频图像和全息图，可以看到，随着文化的技术转变，其变化可见于美术的结构形式。）根据信息点“technology”,“visible”“thestructuralforms”即可得出本题答案。

39.

观点态度题。通读全文，根据原文作者论述的语调和原文最后一段第一句Atthesametime,changesinfineartindicateitsmandatetobothreflectandcreatenewperceptionsoftheculture,butformaloneisinsufficienttoclassifyobjectsintoartcategories.（同时，艺术的变化表明其职责反映和创造新的文化的认知，但形式本身是不足以对象为艺术类别进行分类。）中“insufficient”可知作者的态度是skepticism，从而得出本题答案。

40.细节归纳题。根据原文最后一段第四句Onceanideaisassimilatedintotheculturethereisnolongeraneedtodiscussitunlessartistsaremoreclearlydefiningorredefiningit.（一旦一个想法被文化所吸收，就没有必要再去讨论它，除非艺术家们能更清晰地定义或重新定义它。）中的信息点“anideaisassimilated,nolongeraneed”“clearlydefiningorredefiningit”，即可得出本题答案。

14.单选题

AccordingtoarecentpublicationoftheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,atthepresentrateofprogress,itwilltakeforty-threeyearstoendjobdiscrimination—hardlyareasonabletimetable.

Ifourgoaliseducationalandeconomicequityandparity,itisthenweneedaffirmativeactiontocatchup.Wearebehindasaresultofdiscriminationanddenialofopportunity.Thereisonewhiteattorneyforevery680whites,butonlyoneblackattorneyforevery4,000blacks;onewhitephysicianforevery659whites,butonlyoneblackphysicianforevery5,000blacks;andonewhitedentistforevery1,900whites,butonlyoneblackdentistforevery8,400blacks.Lessthan1percentofallengineersorofallpracticingchemistsisblack.Cruelanduncompassionateinjusticecreatedgapslikethese.Weneedcreativejusticeandcompassiontohelpusclosethem.

Actually,intheU.S.context,“reversediscrimination”isillogicalandacontradictioninterms.Neverinthehistoryofmankindhasamajority,withpower,engagedinprogramsandwrittenlawsthatdiscriminateagainstitself.Theonlythingwhitesaregivingupbecauseofaffirmativeactionisunfairadvantagesomethingthatwasunnecessaryinthefirstplace.

Blacksarenotmakingprogressattheexpenseofwhites,asnewsaccountsmakeitseem.Thereare49percentmorewhitesinmedicalschooltodayand64percentmorewhitesinlawschoolthantherewerewhenaffirmativeactionprogramsbegansomeeightyearsago.

Inarecentcolumn,WilliamRaspberryraisedaninterestingquestion.CommentingontheBakkecase,heasked,“Whatif,insteadofsettingaside16of100slots,weadded16slotstothe100?”That,hesuggested,wouldnotinterferewithwhatwhitesalreadyhave.Hethenwentontopointoutthatthis,infact,isexactlywhathashappenedinlawandmedicalschools.In1968,theyearbeforeaffirmativeactionprogramsbegantogetunderway,9,571whitesand282membersofminoritygroupsenteredU.S.medicalschools.In1976,thefigureswere14,213and1,400respectively.Thus,underaffirmativeaction,thenumberof“whiteplaces”actuallyroseby49percent;whiteaccesstomedicaltrainingwasnotdiminished,butsubstantiallyincreased.Thetrendwasevenmoremarkedinlawschools.In1969,thefirstyearforwhichreliablefiguresareavailable,2,933minority-groupmemberswereenrolled;in1976,thenumberwasupto8,484.Butduringthesameperiod,lawschoolenrollmentforwhitesrosefrom65,453to107,064anincreaseof64percent.Inshort,itisamyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense.

AllanBakkedidnotreallychallengepreferentialtreatmentingeneral,forhemadenochallengetothepreferentialtreatmentaccordedtothechildrenoftherich,thealumniandthefacultyortoathletesortheverytalentedonlytominorities.

1.Theauthorisforaffirmativeaction（）.

2.Itrequires（）toclosethegapsbetweenthewhitesandtheblacksintheU.S.

3.Blacksarenotmakingprogressattheexpenseofwhites,accordingtotheauthor,because（）.

4.WilliamRaspberry,whilecommentingontheBakkecase,suggests（）.

5.WhatAllanBakkechallengedwas（）.

问题1选项

A.becausethereisdiscriminationanddenialofopportunityintheU.S.

B.ifweaimateducationalandeconomicequityandparity

C.becauseitwilltake43yearstoendjobdiscrimination

D.whenthereisnoreasonabletimetableintheU.S.

问题2选项

A.oneblackattorneyforever4,000blacks

B.alotmoreblackengineersandchemists

C.educationandeconomicdevelopment

D.creativejusticeandcompassion

问题3选项

A.whatwhitegiveupisonlyunfairadvantage

B.thereare49percentmorewhiteinmedicalschooltodayalready

C.whites,themajorityintheU.S.,willneverdiscriminateagainstthemselves

D.thereare64percentmorewhitesinlawschoolstoday

问题4选项

A.tooffer100slotstowhitesand16toblacks

B.tooffer84slotstowhitesand16toblacks

C.tofollowwhathashappenedinlawandmedicalschools

D.tointerferewithwhatwhitesalreadyhave

问题5选项

A.themyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense

B.unfairtreatmentaccordedtoblacks

C.preferentialtreatmentingeneral

D.preferentialtreatmenttominority-groupmembers

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第二段第一句“Ifourgoaliseducationalandeconomicequityandparity,itisthenweneedaffirmativeactiontocatchup.”如果我们的目标是教育和经济公平与平等，那么我们就需要积极地开展平权行动。选项B符合原文。

2.根据第二段最后两句“Cruelanduncompassionateinjusticecreatedgapslikethese.Weneedcreativejusticeandcompassiontohelpusclosethem.”残酷无情的不公正造成了这样的差距。我们需要创造性的公正和同情来消除差距。选项D符合原文。

3.根据第三段最后一句“Theonlythingwhitesaregivingupbecauseofaffirmativeactionisunfairadvantagesomethingthatwasunnecessaryinthefirstplace.”白人因为平权法案而放弃的唯一一件事是不公平的优势，这在一开始是不必要的。选项A符合原文。

4.根据关键词“WilliamRaspberry”定位到倒数第二段，根据“Whatif,insteadofsettingaside16of100slots,weadded16slotstothe100?”“如果我们不是在100个位置中留出16个位置，而是在100个位置中增加16个位置，那会怎么样?”他表示，这不会影响白人已经拥有的东西。所以选项A正确。

5.根据原文内容可知，AllanBakke挑战的是“itisamyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense.”选项A正确。

15.单选题

Ihearmanyparentscomplainingthattheirteenagechildrenarerebelling.Iwishitwereso.Atyourageyououghttobegrowingawayfromyourparents.Youshouldbelearningtostandonyourowntwofeet.Buttakeagoodlookatthepresentrebellion.Itseemsthatteenagersarealltakingthesamewayofshowingthattheydisagreewiththeirparents.Insteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirown,mostofthemareclutchingatoneanother’shandsforreassurance.

Theyclaimtheywanttodressastheyplease.Buttheyallwearthesameclothes.Theysetoffinnewdirectionsinmusic.Butsomehowtheyallenduphuddledroundlisteningtothesamerecord.Theirreasonforthinkingoractinginthus-and-suchawayisthatthecrowdisdoingit.Theyhavecomeoutoftheircocoon(蚕茧)—intoalargercocoon.

Ithasbecomeharderandharderforateenagertostandupagainstthepopularitywaveandtogohisorherownway.Industryhasfirmlycarvedoutateenagemarket.Thesedayseveryteenagercanlearnfromtheadvertisementswhatateenagershouldhaveandbe.Andmanyoftoday’sparentshavecometoawardhighmarksforthepopularityoftheirchildren.Allthisaddsuptoagreatbarrierfortheteenagerwhowantstofindhisorherownpath.

Butthebarrierisworthclimbingover.Thepathisworthfollowing.Youmaywanttolistentoclassicalmusicinsteadofgoingtoparty.Youmaywanttocollectrockswheneveryoneelseiscollectingrecords.Youmayhavesomethoughtsthatyoudon’tcaretoshareatoncewithyourclassmates.Well,gotoit.Findyourself.Beyourself.Popularitywillcome—withthepeoplewhorespectyouforwhoyouare.That’stheonlykindofpopularitythatreallycounts.

1.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageistotell______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,manyteenagersthinktheyarebraveenoughtoactontheirown,but,infact,mostofthem______.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthorthinksofadvertisementsas______.

5.Duringtheteenageyears,oneshouldlearnto______.

问题1选项

A.readershowtobepopularwithpeoplearound

B.teenagershowtolearntodecidethingsforthemselves

C.parentshowtocontrolandguidetheirchildren

D.peoplehowtounderstandandrespecteachother

问题2选项

A.havemuchdifficultyunderstandingeachother

B.lackconfidence

C.darenotcopewithproblemssingle-handed

D.areverymuchafraidofgettinglost

问题3选项

A.Thereisnopopularitythatreallycounts.

B.Whatmanyparentsaredoingisinfacthinderingtheirchildrenfromfindingtheirownpaths.

C.Itisnotnecessarilybadforateenagertodisagreewithhisorherclassmates.

D.Mostteenagersclaimthattheywanttodowhattheyliketo,buttheyareactuallydoingthesame.

问题4选项

A.convincing

B.influential

C.instructive

D.authoritative

问题5选项

A.differfromothersinasmanywaysaspossible

B.getintotherig