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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-周口职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Inaccordancewiththenewregulations,youareentitledtothreedaysofpaidsickleaveeverymonth.

问题1选项

A.Accordingto

B.Carryingon

C.Lookingthrough

D.Puttingout

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项Accordingto“根据……”;B选项Carryingon“继承,开始实施”;C选项Lookingthrough“浏览,温习”;D选项Puttingout“扑灭,搏出”。句意:根据新规定,你每个月可以享受三天的带薪病假。A选项与划线词的词义最接近,因此A选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Christine’srealproblemisthatshe___confidence.

问题1选项

A.islackof

B.islackin

C.lacksfor

D.lacksof

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。lackof“没有,缺乏;不足,不够”,名词短语;lackin“缺少,在……缺少,缺乏”,动词短语。A选项be动词+名词短语作谓语,正确;B选项be动词+动词短语,错误;C选项lackfor一般不做固定搭配;D选项lackof名词短语不能当谓语。因此A选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Atshortnoticerescuetroopsweresenttohelpthevehicles()thedeepsnow.

问题1选项

A.soakedwith

B.stuckin

C.intendedfor

D.connectedto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项soakedwith“用……浸泡,使浸透”;B选项stuckin“陷入,插入”;C选项intendedfor“用来……”;D选项connectedto“连接”。句意:刚接到通知,救援部队就立马被派去帮助这些深深()在雪里的车辆。根据语境,车辆stuckin“陷入”雪中比较合理。因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Youshouldn'thavewritteninthe(

)sincethebookbelongstothelibrary.

问题1选项

A.interval

B.border

C.margin

D.edge

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。interval间隔,间距;border边境,边界;margin边缘,页边的空白;edge边缘,优势。

句意:你不应该写在页边的空白处,因为这本书是属于图书馆的。选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

Youwillbebusysoon,forweofferyoua(

)traininginallaspectsofthecompany.

问题1选项

A.comprehensible

B.compressed

C.compressible

D.comprehensive

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。comprehensible“可理解的”;compressed“被压缩的”;compressible“可压缩的;可压榨的”;comprehensive“综合的,全面的”。句意:你很快会很忙,因为我们为你提供了关于公司全方面的训练。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Heistotally()tootherpeople’sattitudes.

问题1选项

A.concerned

B.careless

C.indifferent

D.cold

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项concerned“有关的;关心的”;B选项careless“粗心的;无忧无虑的”;C选项indifferent“冷淡的;不关心的”D选项cold“冷淡的,不热情的”。句意:他对别人的态度漠不关心。beindifferentto是固定搭配,表示“对…漠不关心”,因此C项正确。

7.单选题

Youwillneverget______withallyourhomeworktonight.

问题1选项

A.on

B.away

C.through

D.off

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项on“在……上”,getonwith表示“在……获得成功,与……友好相处”;B项away“离开”,getawaywith表示“侥幸成功,侥幸逃脱”;C项through“通过”,getthroughwith表示“完成,结束”;D项off“离开,脱掉”,getoffwith表示“结识”。根据关键词allyourhomework“所有的家庭作业”可知,C项符合语境。句意:你今晚不可能完成所有的家庭作业。因此,该题选择C项正确。

8.单选题

Hewilllive(

)whathisparentsexpectofhim.

问题1选项

A.on

B.off

C.upto

D.to

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配liveupto“不辜负,达到”,liveon“以……为食”;liveoff“依靠……生活”;liveto“活到……岁”,句子要表达的意思是“他将不会辜负父母对他的期望”,因此选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Icanhardlyreadyourhomework;yourhandwritingis______.

问题1选项

A.illogical

B.illiterate

C.illusive

D.illegible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项illogical“不合逻辑的”,B项illiterate“文盲的,不识字的”,C项illusive“错觉的”,D项illegible“难以辨认的,字迹模糊的”。根据句子前半部分的意思“我几乎看不懂你的作业”和关键词handwriting“书写”可知,空格处填D项符合句意。句意:我几乎看不懂你的作业;你的字难以辨认。因此,该题选择D项正确。

10.单选题

Ahiddenalarmunderthecashier’stablecanbe____incaseofemergency.

问题1选项

A.negotiated

B.initiated

C.launched

D.activated

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.negotiated谈判;协商B.initiated开始;发起

C.launched发射D.activated激活

【答案】D

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】句意:收银台下面隐藏的警报器可以在紧急情况下……。根据逻辑,在紧急情况下,可以启动也就是激活警报器。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】收银台下面隐藏的警报器可以在紧急情况下启动。

11.问答题

Manygovernmentsaregrowingincreasinglydeterminedtostampoutthathasbeenreferred

A

B

C

toasthe“corruptioneruption”.

D

【答案】试题答案:C;what

【解析】考查关系代词。that不能充当宾语从句中的主语,分析句子可知从句中缺少主语,因此将that改为what。

12.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

有些人把读书当作疲劳工作中的一种休息,并不是读一本书就预先想定读它要派何种用场,即“不为什么而读”。但日积月累,确实可以长知识、广见闻、有效益。

经过长期积累目前中国己成为全球第二大经济体和全球第一贸易大囯、全球第一外汇储备国,具备了对外输出资本的实力。

【答案】Somepeopleregardreadingasakindofrestduringtiringwork,andtheyhavenoideaofpracticaluseforthebookstheyaretoread,i.e.they“readfornopurpose”atall.Butgraduallyonecanbenefitfromreading,expandingtheirknowledge.

Chinahasbecomethesecondlargesteconomy,thefirsttradingpoweraswellasthe

firstforeignexchangereservesintheworldandhadthestrengthofoutputtingcapitalexternalafteralongterm’saccumulation.

13.不定项选择题

Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectedonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffic.Today,weknowthatalthoughthesearetheareaswiththeworstairpollution,theproblemisliterallyworldwide.Onseveraloccasionsoverthepastdecade,aheavycloudofairpollutionhascoveredtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatesandledtohealthwarningseveninruralareasawayfromanymajorconcentrationofmanufacturingandautomobiletraffic.Infact,theveryclimateoftheentireearthmaybeaffectedbyairpollution.Somescientistsfeelthattheincreasingconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheairresultingfromtheburningoffossilfuels(coalandoil)creatingagreenhouseeffect-holdinginheatreflectedfromtheearthandraisingtheworld’saveragetemperature.Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld’stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegrees,muchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYork,Boston,Miami,andNewOrleanswillbeunderwater.

Anotherview,lesswidelyheld,isthatincreasingparticulatematterintheatmosphereisblockingsunlightandloweringtheearth’stemperature-aresultthatwouldbeequallydisastrous.Adropofjustafewdegreescouldcreatesomethingclosetoanewiceage,andwouldmakeagriculturedifficultorimpossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas.Atpresentwedoriotknowforsurethateitheroftheseconditionswillhappen(thoughonerecentgovernmentreportpreparedbyexpertsinthefieldconcludedthatthegreenhouseeffectisverylikely).Perhaps,ifweverylucky,thetwotendencieswilloffseteachotherandtheworld’stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow.

1.Aspointedoutatthebeginningofthepassage,peopleusedtothinkthatairpollution().

2.Asfarasthegreenhouseeffectisconcerned,theauthor().

3.Theword“offset”(Para.2)couldbeatbereplacedby().

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat().

5.Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwith().

问题1选项

A.causedwidespreaddamageinthecountryside

B.affectedtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStates

C.existedmerelyinurbanandindustrialareas

D.haddamagingeffectsonhealth

问题2选项

A.isuncertainofitsoccurrence

B.sharesthesameviewwiththescientists

C.rejectsitasbeingungrounded

D.thinksthatitwillincreasinglydestroytheworldsoon

问题3选项

A.setup

B.slipinto

C.makeupfor

D.catchupwith

问题4选项

A.raisingtheworld’stemperaturealittlewouldnotdomuchharmtolifeontheearth

B.loweringtheworld’stemperaturealittlewouldleadtoagriculturaldisasters

C.almostnotemperaturevariationshaveoccurredoverthepastdecade

D.theworld’stemperaturewillremainstableforever

问题5选项

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.theburningoffossilfuels

C.thepotentialeffectofairpollution

D.thelikelihoodofanewiceage

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据原文第一段第一句Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectedonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffic(过去人们认为空气污染只影响工厂和/或汽车交通繁忙的大城市周围地区)可知C选项“仅存在于城市和工业地区”正确;A选项“在农村造成了大面积的破坏”,B选项“影响整个美国东部的一半”以及D选项“对健康有破坏性影响”虽然在第一段有出现,但是并不对应题干Aspointedoutatthebeginningofthepassage,peopleusedtothinkthatairpollution...(正如文章开头所指出的那样,人们过去认为空气污染……)所问的内容,因此C选项符合题意。

第2题:推理判断题。由题干关键词greenhouseeffect(温室效应)定位到文章第一段最后一句Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld’stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegrees,muchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYork,Boston,Miami,andNewOrleanswillbeunderwater(如果这种观点是正确的,世界温度只上升几度,那么极地冰盖的大部分将融化,纽约、波士顿、迈阿密和新奥尔良等城市将被淹没在水下)可以判断出A选项“不确定它的发生”正确;B选项“与科学家的观点相同”、C选项“拒绝它,因为它是没有基础的”和D选项“认为它很快会越来越多地毁灭世界”都未在原文中提及;因此A选项符合题意。

第3题:语义推测题。由题干关键词offset定位到文章第二段最后一句Perhaps,ifweverylucky,thetwotendencieswilloffseteachotherandtheworld’stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow(也许,如果我们非常幸运的话,这两种趋势将相互弥补,世界温度将保持在目前的水平);A选项setup“建立;装配;开业;竖立”;B选项slipinto“溜进;使滑入;匆忙穿上;大吃”;C选项makeupfor“补偿,弥补”;D选项catchupwith“赶上,追上;逮捕;处罚”;offset(抵消,弥补),在本句中表示两种趋势互相弥补,因此C选项符合题意。

第4题:推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句Adropofjustafewdegreescouldcreatesomethingclosetoanewiceage,andwouldmakeagriculturedifficultorimpossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas(仅仅几度的下降就可能导致一个接近新冰河期的情况,并将使我们的许多顶级农业区的农业变得困难或不可能)可以判断出B选项“把世界温度降低一点点会导致农业灾难”正确;根据文章第一段最后一句Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld’stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegrees,muchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYork,Boston,Miami,andNewOrleanswillbeunderwater(如果这种观点是正确的,世界温度只上升几度,那么极地冰盖的大部分将融化,纽约、波士顿、迈阿密和新奥尔良等城市将被淹没在水下)可以判断出A选项“把地球的温度升高一点点不会对地球上的生命造成太大的伤害”错误;根据文章第一段Onseveraloccasionsoverthepastdecade,aheavycloudofairpollutionhascoveredtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatesandledtohealthwarningseveninruralareasawayfromanymajorconcentrationofmanufacturingandautomobiletraffic.Infact,theveryclimateoftheentireearthmaybeaffectedbyairpollution(在过去的十年中,严重的空气污染已经数次覆盖了整个美国东部地区,甚至在远离制造业和汽车交通集中地区的农村地区也发出了健康警告。事实上,整个地球的气候都可能受到空气污染的影响)可以判断出C选项“在过去的十年里,几乎没有温度变化发生”和D选项“世界温度将永远保持稳定”错误;因此B选项符合题意。

第5题:主旨大意题。文章围绕空气污染展开,根据第一段Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectedonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffic.Today,weknowthatalthoughthesearetheareaswiththeworstairpollution,theproblemisliterallyworldwide(过去人们认为空气污染只影响工厂和/或汽车交通繁忙的大城市周围地区。今天,我们知道虽然这些是空气污染最严重的地区,但这个问题确实是全球性的)可知C选项“空气污染的潜在影响”符合题意,A选项“温室效应”、B选项“化石燃料的燃烧”和D选项“新冰河时代的可能性”均只讲了“空气污染”的其中一面,因此不足以概括全文。

14.单选题

Letusbeginwithtwovignettes.

问题1选项

A.slogans

B.maxims

C.caveats

D.sketches

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.slogans口号B.maxims格言;箴言

C.caveats警告;告诫D.sketches幽默短剧,小品;素描

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】vignette是表示“人物特征、局势等的简介;(表演)小品”,四个选项中只有D项词义与之相近,故该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】让我们从两个小品开始。

15.单选题

(),thelionisamemberofthecatfamily.

问题1选项

A.Likethetiger

B.Aliketothetiger

C.Likingthetiger

D.Itislikethetiger

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。分析题干和选项可知,空格后面已经是完整的句子,因此空格处应为形容词短语做状语,故选B。句意:和老虎一样,狮子也是猫科动物中的一员。

16.单选题

SamuelSlaterwasborninBelper,England,in1768.OncompletionofhissevenyearapprenticeshipinanEnglishspinningmill,hewasapparentlysoworriedaboutthegrowth,andhencesaturation,oftheindustryintheUnitedKingdomthat,in1789,withouttheknowledgeofhisfamily,SlatertraveledtoAmericaattheageof21.Thiswasdoneinsecret;itwasillegalatthetimetoexportanythingtotheU.S.relatingtomachinery,includingengineers.Also,theU.S.wasofferingrewardsfortextileinformation.

ArrivinginNewYork,itwasnotlongbeforehelearnedoftheexperimentalworkofMosesBrownandWilliamAlmy,inPawtucket,withmoreadvancedmachinesthantheSpinningJennysusedinNewYork.Initiallywithoutanycontract,andworkingalongsidetheengineersalreadyemployedattheAlmyandBrownmill,SlatersuccessfullyreworkedaspinningframealongthelinesofArkwright’sWaterFrame.ThisthreemonthsofworkresultedinapartnershipwithAlmyandBrown.Heunderstoodthewholespinningprocessandknewwhichmachineswerevitaltooverallsuccessofamill.

However,thatmanagementtrainingandknowledgereallycameintoitsownoverthenexttwoyearsasSlaterlaboredtoeducatetheembryonictextileindustryandbusinessmeninthetechniquesthathadprovedsosuccessfulinBelper.Withoutthese,Slaterbelievedtheindustrywouldnotflourish.Inparticular,hisaimwastomaximizetheoutputfromthemachineryanddevelopthemarketplaceinordertosellalltheyarnthatcouldbeproduced.Priortothis,thephilosophyofAlmyandBrownwastoproduceonlytoorder.By1792,Slaterhadproved,throughtheuseofhisBelper-learnedmanagementtechniques,thathecouldmakespinningaprofitablebusiness.ThisledtobuildingtheOldSlaterMill—thefirstsuccessfulU.S.cottonspinningmill.Slater’sviewwastoconcentrateonaspecificaspectandspecialize.Theotherpartnersbelievedincoveringthewholetextileprocessthroughtofinishedgoods,includingknitting.Asaresult,in1797,Slaterbrokeawayandbuilthisownlargermill—theWhiteMill.FollowingthesuccessofSlater’sbusiness,thecottonindustryreallytookoffandoverthenexttenorsoyears,overeightymillsdeveloped.Slaterhasbeencalledboththe“FatherofAmericanIndustry”,andthe“FounderoftheAmericanIndustrialRevolution”.

1.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,SlaterwasattractedtotheAlmyandBrownmillbecause_______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasNOToneofSlater’saimsinhisapproachtorunningamill?

4.WhathadSlaterprovedby1792?

5.SlaterleftAlmyandBrowntoestablish______.

问题1选项

A.Slater’sarrivalinAmerica

B.NewYorkandtheAlmyandBrownmill

C.Thefirstthreemonthsandachievementofapartnership

D.Slater’sunderstandingofthespinningprocess

问题2选项

A.theywereinPawtucket

B.theywereinnovativeandhadadvancedmachines

C.hedidnothavetohaveacontract

D.theyemployedprofessionalengineers

问题3选项

A.maximizingoutput

B.salesdevelopment

C.Belpermanagementtechniques

D.coveringthefullprocessthroughtoknittedgoods

问题4选项

A.Thathisimportedmanagementtechniquesworked.

B.ThatthephilosophyofAlmyandBrownwaswrong.

C.Thathecouldbuildhisownsuccessfulmill.

D.Thathecouldsellalltheyarnhecouldproduce.

问题5选项

A.theOldSlaterMill

B.theWhiteMill

C.overeightymills

D.tenorsomills

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据第二段倒数第二句“ThisthreemonthsofworkresultedinapartnershipwithAlmyandBrown.(经过三个月的努力,斯莱特与阿尔米和布朗建立了伙伴关系。)”可知第二段主要讲的是斯莱特与另外两个工厂的合作以及取得的成就,所以C选项“合伙的头三个月和成就”符合题意。A选项“斯莱特到达美国”;B选项“纽约、阿尔米和布朗磨坊”;D选项“斯莱特对纺纱过程的理解”均不符合题意,因此C选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段“ArrivinginNewYork,itwasnotlongbeforehelearnedoftheexperimentalworkofMosesBrownandWilliamAlmy,inPawtucket,withmoreadvancedmachinesthantheSpinningJennysusedinNewYork.(到达纽约后不久,他就知道了摩西•布朗和威廉•阿尔米在波塔基特的实验工作,他们用的机器比纽约使用的詹妮丝纺车还要先进。)”,由此可知是布朗和阿米尔他们的先进机器吸引了斯莱特,所以B选项“他们是创新的且有先进的机器”符合题意。A选项“他们在波塔基特”;C选项“他不需要签合同”;D选项“他们雇佣专业工程师”。因此B选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Inparticular,hisaimwastomaximizetheoutputfromthemachineryanddevelopthemarketplaceinordertosellalltheyarnthatcouldbeproduced.(特别是,他的目标是最大限度地提高机器的产量和发展市场,以销售所有能生产的纱线。)”,由此可知A选项“输出最大化”和B选项“发展销售”正确,可排除;第三段开头提到“...asSlaterlaboredtoeducatetheembryonictextileindustryandbusinessmeninthetechniquesthathadprovedsosuccessfulinBelper.(因为斯莱特努力向处于萌芽阶段的纺织业和商人传授在贝尔珀非常成功的技术。)”,由此可知C选项“贝尔珀管理技术”正确,也可排除;根据第三段“Slater’sviewwastoconcentrateonaspecificaspectandspecialize.Theotherpartnersbelievedincoveringthewholetextileprocessthroughtofinishedgoods,includingknitting.(斯莱特的观点是专注于一个特定的方面并专门化。其他合作伙伴认为应该涵盖整个纺织过程到成品,包括针织。)”,由此可知D选项“涵盖针织产品的整个生产过程”并不是斯莱特的目的,因此该题应选D选项。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“By1792,Slaterhadproved,throughtheuseofhisBelper-learnedmanagementtechniques,thathecouldmakespinningaprofitablebusiness.(到1792年,斯莱特已经证明,通过使用他在贝尔珀学会的管理技巧,他可以使纺纱生意有利可图。)”,由此可知斯莱特证明了他引进的技术能让纺纱生意有利可图,所以A选项“他引进的管理技术有效”符合题意。B选项“阿尔米和布朗的观点是错误的”;C选项“他可以建立自己成功的工厂”;D选项“他能卖掉他能生产的所有纱线”都不符合题意,因此A选项正确。

5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Asaresult,in1797,Slaterbrokeawayandbuilthisownlargermill—theWhiteMill.(结果,在1797年,斯莱特单飞并建立了他自己的更大的磨坊——白磨坊。)”,由此可知B选项“白磨坊”正确。A选项“老斯莱特磨坊”;C选项“年过八十的磨坊”以及D选项“大约10个磨坊”均说法错误,因此B选项正确。

17.单选题

Scientistshavefoundthatscents(

)efficiencyandreducestressamongofficeworkers.

问题1选项

A.enhance

B.amplify

C.foster

D.magnify

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。enhance意为“提高,增加”;amplify意为“放大,扩大”;foster意为“培养”;magnify意为“放大”。

句意:科学家们发现,气味能提高办公室职员的效率,减轻他们的压力。

18.单选题

Theengineersinthislabspentseveralweeks()theirplansforthenewbicycle.

问题1选项

A.counting

B.stripping

C.elaborating

D.casting

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项count“计数,计算”。B选项strip“剥夺,剥去”。C选项elaborate“精心制作,详细阐述”。D选项cast“投,抛”。句意:这个实验室的工程师们花了几个星期的时间来详细制定他们的新自行车计划。根据句意可知,C项正确。

19.单选题

()isoneofthemostusefulandfascinatingdivisionsofhumanknowledgeiswidelyaccepted.

问题1选项

A.Thatmathematics

B.Whatmathematics

C.Wheremathematics

D.Mathematics

【答案】A

【解析】考查主语从句。_______isoneofthemostusefulandfascinatingdivisionsofhumanknowledge充当主句的主语,选项中的mathematics是主语从句的主语。所以前面的主语从句完整不缺成分,只有that引导主语从句,在主语从句中不做成分,且不能省略。句意:数学是人类知识中最有用、最迷人的部分之一,这一点已被广泛接受。所以本题的正确答案是A选项。

20.单选题

Animportantnewindustry,oilrefining,grewaftertheCivilWar.Crudeoil,orpetroleum——adark,thickooze(渗出物)fromtheearthhadbeenknownforhundredsofyears.Butlittleusehadeverbeenmadeofit.Inthe1850'sSamuelM.Kier,amanufactureinwesternPennsylvania,begancollectingtheoilfromlocalseepageandrefiningitintokerosene.Refining,likesmelting,isaprocessofremovingimpuritiesfromarawmaterial.

Kerosenewasusedtolightlamps.Itwasacheapsubstituteforwhaleoil,whichwasbecominghardertoget.Soontherewasalargedemandforkerosene.Peoplebegantosearchfornewsuppliesofpetroleum.

ThefirstoilwellwasdrilledbyE.L.Drake,aretiredrailroadconductor.In1859hebegandrillinginTitusville,Pennsylvania,Thewholeventureseemedsoimpracticalandfoolishthatonlookerscalledit’’Drake’sFolly”.Butwhenhehaddrilleddownabout70feet(21meters)Drakestruckoil.Hiswellbegantoyield20barrelsofcrudeoiladay.

NewsofDrake'ssuccessbroughtoilprospectorstothescene.Bytheearly1860'sthesewildcattersweredrillingfor"blackgold”alloverwesternPennsylvania.TheboomrivaledtheCaliforniagoldrushof1848initsexcitementandWildWestatmosphere.Anditbroughtfarmorewealthtotheprospectorsthananygoldrush.

Crudeoilcouldberefinedintomanyproducts.Forsomeyearskerosenecontinuedtobetheprincipalone.Itwassoldingrocerystoresanddoor-to-door.Inthe1880'sand189(Tsrefinerslearnedhowtomakeotherproductssuchaswaxesandlubricatingoils.Petroleumwasnotthenusedtomakegasolineorheatingoil.

1.Accordingtothepassage,manypeopleinitiallythoughtthatE.L.Drakehadmadeamistake(

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatis"blackgold"?

3.WhydoestheauthormentiontheCaliforniagoldrush?

4.TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingaspossibleproductsofcrudeoilEXCEPT(

).

5.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.movingtoPennsylvania

B.retiringfromhisjob

C.searchingforoil

D.goingonawhalingexpedition

问题2选项

A.goldore

B.stolenmoney

C.whaleoil

D.crudeoil

问题3选项

A.ToindicatetheextentofUnitedStatesmineralwealth.

B.Toarguethatgoldwasmorevaluablethanoil

C.Todescribethemoodwhenoilwasfirstdiscovered

D.Toexplaintheneedforanincreasedsupplyofgold

问题4选项

A.gasoline

B.kerosene

C.wax

D.plastic

问题5选项

A.OilRefining:AHistoricalPerspective.

B.KeroseneLamps:AlightintheTunnel.

C.TheCaliforniaGoldRush:GetRichQuickly.

D.PrivateProperty:TrespasserswillBeProsecuted.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据文章第三段In1859hebegandrillinginTitusville,Pennsylvania,Thewholeventureseemedsoimpracticalandfoolishthatonlookerscalledit”Drake’sFolly'1859年,他开始在宾西法尼亚州的提特斯维尔钻探石油,整个计划看起来既不切实际又愚蠢,旁观者称之为“德雷克的愚蠢”。说明了人们对找油田的时表示怀疑和嘲讽。C选项符合题意。

2.文章第三段第二行很明显指出黑金指的就是石油,D选项正确。

3.根据文章倒数第二段最后一行TheboomrivaledtheCaliforniagoldrushof1848initsexcitementandWildWestatmosphere.Anditbroughtfarmorewealthtotheprospectorsthananygoldrush.这场繁荣在其兴奋和狂野的西部氛围上堪比1848年的加利福尼亚淘金热。它给勘探者带来的财富远远超过淘金热。确定C选项‘描述石油首次被发现时的心情’正确。

4.A,B,C选项文章都有描述,D选项‘塑料’在文中没有涉及,所以答案为D。

5.全文主要论述了石油冶炼的相关事情,包括在加利福尼亚西部钻油等历史。所以A选项符合题意。

21.单选题

Inarecentstudy,neuroscientistsfoundthatplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldhelpimprovedyslexicchildren’sreadingspeed,andtheimprovementsdidnotfadewithtime.

Researcherstestedthereadingabilityoftwogroupsof10-year-olddyslexicchildrenafteronegrouphadplayedactionvideogamesandtheotherplayednon-actionvideogames.Eachgroupwascomposedof10childrenwhoplayed80minutesofvideogamesadayforninedays,equaling12hoursofplayperchild.Theirreadingskillsweremeasuredonanumberoffactors,includinghowfasttheyreadwordsandhowaccuratelytheyreadthem.Resultsshowedthatimprovementsinreadingspeedachievedfromplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldevenexceedimprovementsgainedfromayear’sintense,traditionaltherapies.

Scientistsaimedtoprovethatthere’sacorrelationbetweenadyslexicchild’svisualattentionspanandtheirabilitytoread.Actionvideogamesaredistinguishedfromnon-actionvideogamesbysuchcharacteristicsasgamespeed,ahighsensory-motorload,andpresentationofmultiple,peripheralstimuli.Actionvideogameplayersconstantlyreceivebothexternalandinternalfeedbackontheirperformance,producinglearning.

Itturnedoutthattheassumptionsofresearcherswerecorrect.Actionvideogameplayersdefeatedtheirnon-actionpeersinimprovements.Onlyactiongamekidsshowedgeneralreadingimprovements,upto40percent,whilenon-actionreadersshowednoimprovement.Theactiongamersalsoimprovedtheirbasictextreadingbyasmuchas60percent,whilenon-actiongamersshowedamoremodest5percent-10percentgain.

Thoughmoreresearchisneededtonaildownthespecificrolethatactiongamesplayintheimprovements,theresearchersclaimedtheirdataisthestart.Theybelievetheirfindingsshowthatattentioncanbestudiedandefficientlytrainedduringinfancy.Thiscanpavethewayforlow-resource-demandingearlypreventionprogramsthatcoulddrasticallyreducetheincidentofreadingdisorders.

1.Whatdoestherecentstudydiscussedinthepassageshow?

2.Researchersofthestudyconductedtheirtestby().

3.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadifferencebetweenactionvideogamesandnon-actionones?

4.Resultsofthestudyconfirmedscientistsassumptionthat().

问题1选项

A.Traditionaltherapiesdobetterthanvideogamesinhelpingchildrenread.

B.Childrenpreferactionvideogamestonon-actiononesintheirreadingclass.

C.Playingactionvideogamescaneffectivelyimprovechildren'sreadingability.

D.Thebenefitsofplayingactionvideogamesgraduallygetweakerovertime.

问题2选项

A.measuringtheeffectsofplayingdifferenttypesofvideogamesonreading

B.comparingtheeffectsofdifferentreadingmethodsonreadingspeed

C.trainingchildrenwithreadingdifficultiestoreadwordsfastandaccurately

D.teachingchildrentoplayvariousvideogamesforseveralhourseachday

问题3选项

A.Actionvideogamesgiveplayersmoreinternalfeedback.

B.Actionvideogamespresentarichervarietyofstimulitoplayers.

C.Actionvideogamesrequirepayersreadmoreduringplaying.

D.Actionvideogameshaveasomewhatlowersensory-motorload.

问题4选项

A.Readingdifficultiesarecausedbybothexternalandinternalfactors

B.Actionvideogameshavehighergameseesthannor-actionvideogames

C.Readingdifficultiesarerelatedtoexcessiveplayingofvideogames

D.Actionvideogamesprovideplayerswithfeedbackthatfacilitatelearning

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据recentstudy定位到文章的首句,“Inarecentstudy,neuroscientistsfoundthatplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldhelpimprovedyslexicchildren’sreadingspeed,andtheimprovementsdidnotfadewithtime.”在最近的一项研究中,神经科学家发现,玩快节奏的电子游戏有助于提高诵读困难儿童的阅读速度,而且这种提高不会随着时间的推移而消失。即对应C选项。A选项“传统疗法在帮助孩子阅读方面比电子游戏做得更好”。根据传统疗法,定位到文章的第二段的尾句“Resultsshowedthatimprovementsinreadingspeedachievedfromplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldevenexceedimprovementsgainedfromayear'sintense,traditionaltherapies”.可得知,玩快节奏游戏比传统疗法更有助于提高孩子的阅读速度,B选项“在阅读课上,孩子们更喜欢动作类电子游戏而不是非动作类电子游戏”,为无关选项,文章没有提到readingclass,D选项“玩动作类电子游戏的好处会随着时间的推移逐渐减弱”,与文章表达的意思相反。因此,C选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据researchersofthestudy定位到文章的第二段,“Researcherstestedthereadingabilityoftwogroupsof10-year-olddyslexicchildrenafteronegrouphadplayedactionvideogamesandtheotherplayednon-actionvideogames.”研究人员测试了两组10岁的诵读困难儿童的阅读能力,一组玩动作类电子游戏,另一组玩非动作类电子游戏。A选项“通过玩不同类型的游戏来衡量电子游戏对阅读的影响”,B选项“通过比较不同的阅读策略在阅读速度方面的影响”,C选项“训练有阅读困难的儿童快速准确地阅读单词”,D选项“每天教授孩子玩几个小时不同的游戏”。因此,A选项符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文“Actionvideogamesaredistinguishedfromnon-actionvideogamesbysuchcharacteristicsasgamespeed,ahighsensory-motorload,andpresentationofmultiple,peripheralstimuli.”动作电子游戏与非动作电子游戏的区别在于游戏速度、高感觉运动负荷和多重外围刺激。A选项“动作电子游戏会给玩家更多内部反馈”,B选项“动作电子游戏为玩家提供了更丰富的刺激”,C选项“动作类电子游戏要求付费玩家在游戏过程中阅读更多内容”,D选项“动作类电子游戏的感觉运动负荷相对较低”。因此,B选项符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文“Actionvideogameplayersconstantlyreceivebothexternalandinternalfeedbackontheirperformance,producinglearning.Itturnedoutthattheassumptionsofresearcherswerecorrect.Actionvideogameplayersdefeatedtheirnon-actionpeersinimprovements.”动作电子游戏玩家不断收到关于他们表现的外部和内部反馈,从而产生学习效果。事实证明,研究人员的假设是正确的。动作类电子游戏玩家在改进过程中打败了非动作类游戏玩家。A选项“阅读困难既有外部因素造成的,也有内部因素造成的”,原文没有提及,B选项“动作类电子游戏比非动作类电子游戏拥有更高的游戏体验”,原文没有提及游戏体验,C选项“阅读困难与过度玩电子游戏有关”,无关选项,D选项“动作类电子游戏为玩家提供反馈,促进他们的学习”,因此,D选项符合题意。

22.单选题

Whenmydoctortoldmetheresultsofallthetests,IwassuremyillnesswasfatalandcertainthatIwasgoingtodie.Oneofmyfirst(1)wasthatIwouldbeleaving

(2)

mesomuchthatwasunfinished.Itoldmyfriendsthatthe

(3)

onmytombstoneshouldread:“GradeofIncomplete.”That

(4)

一mylife,andIregrettedmydelaysand

(5)

.IwishedthatIhadmoretimetodoitalloveragainthe

(6)

way.ButdeepinsideIfeltsuchawishwasuseless.I

(7)

norecoursebuttospendmyremainingmonthsinagradualstateof

(8),tooweak,toosickandtoo

(9)

inmydyingtodomuchelse,Icriedalotandfeltverysorry

(10)

myself.

Aftertheoperationtoremovethetumor,my

(11)

toldmethatIwascured.Atfirst,Ididn’t

(12)

him.Ithoughthewashumoringme,stringingme

(13)becausehewantedmetobehappyinmyfinalmonths.

(14),though,IbegantobelievethathewastellingmethetruthandthatIdidindeedhavealife

(15)

ofme.BecauseIdidn'twantmy

(16)

simplytobecomeabadmemory,IstartedtochangethewayIranmylife.Ifinishedthephotographyprojectthatsummer.ThenIappliedfor

(17)

atmylocalcollegeinthefall.WithinayearIhadchosen

(18).I’mstillworkingongettingthatdegree.Mostimportantofall,mychildrenandItookthat

(19)

we’dalwaystalkedabout.Wetookanotheroneinthewinter,too.AttheendoffiveyearsIrealizedthat

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