考研考博-英语-娄底职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-娄底职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thelocalgovernmentisintensifyingeffortstopopularize（

）educationinrurallocalities.

问题1选项

A.instinctive

B.impulsive

C.compulsory

D.voluntary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。instinctive意为“天生的，生来的”；impulsive意为“冲动的”；compulsory意为“(因法律或规则而)必须做的，强制的”；voluntary意为“自愿的，自发的”。

句意：当地政府正在加大努力在农村地区普及义务教育。

2.单选题

Weare（）facedwiththenecessarytorecognizethathavingmorepeopleimpliesalowstandardofliving.

问题1选项

A.readily

B.smoothly

C.inevitably

D.deliberately

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A项readily“容易地，乐意地”，B项smoothly“平稳地，平滑地”，C项inevitably“不可避免地”，D项deliberately“故意地”。根据关键词withthenecessaryto（有必要）可知，空格部分填入inevitably最合适。句意：我们不可避免地必须要认识到人越多生活水平越低。因此，该题选择C项正确。

3.单选题

Robertsaysheboughtthesebooksina.

问题1选项

A.disposal

B.bargain

C.reduction

D.sale

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项disposaln.处理，支配；B选项bargainn.交易，便宜货，契约；C选项reductionn.减少，下降；D选项salen.销售，出售，拍卖，廉价出售。根据句意可知，Robert说这些书都是打折时候买的。因此，D项是正确答案。

4.问答题

AlongtimeaidetoPresidentBushwhowroteoccasionalguestcolumnsforhishometownnewspaper

resignedonFridayeveningafteradmittingthathehadrepeatedlyplagiarizedfrom

A

B

C

otherwriters.TheWhiteHousecalledhisactionsunaccepted.

D

【答案】试题答案：D;unacceptable

【解析】考查形容词辨析。白宫称他的行为是不可接受的。unaccepted意为“不被接受的”，unacceptable意为“不可接受的”。

5.单选题

Somewriters,fromsheerexuberanceoradesiretoshowoff,interlardtheirworkwithforeignexpressions,withnoregardforthereader’scomfort.

问题1选项

A.sprinkle

B.spray

C.scatter

D.disperse

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.sprinkle撒；使某物包含少量的另一物B.spray喷；喷洒

C.scatter撒播；散开D.disperse分散；疏散

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息withforeignexpressions（用外来语）和withnoregardforthereader’scomfort（完全不顾读者的感受）可推知，作者在作品中掺杂外来语言，interlard表示“掺杂”的意思，A项词义与之相近，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项词义不符合句中所选词汇。

【句意】有些作家纯粹出于热情或炫耀的欲望，在自己的作品中掺杂外来语，完全不顾读者的感受。

6.单选题

TheParthenon,abuildinginAthens,Greece,isperhapsoneofthemostMemorablestructuresonEarth.Built25centuriesago,itisoneofthegreatarchitecturaloftheancientworld.Therearemanyreasonsforitsgreatness.

Background

AthenswasthemostimportantcityinancientGreece.In480B.C.GreeceattackbyboththePersianarmyandthePersiannavy.TheAtheniancommander,Themistocles,knewthathisforcescouldnotdefeatthePersianarraythenmarchingtowardAthens.HopinginsteadtomakeastandagainstthePersiansatsea,ThemistoclesandhisforcesfledAthensforanearbyisland.AlthoughthePersianarmyoverwhelmedAthensandleftitinruins,theGreeknavy,ledbyThemistocles,annihilatedthePersianfleet.ThisvictorybytheGreeksledallPersianforcestoretreatwithinoneyear.

About30yearslaterthebuildingoftheParthenonbegan.Constructiontookplacebetween447and432B.C.DuringtheruleofPericles,theParthenonwasconstructedonthesamesiteasanunfinishedstructureintendedtohonorthemenwhohadlosttheirlifeinanearlierbattleagainstthePersians.TheParthenonwouldstandasasymbolofthestrengthlivesandimportanceoftheGreekpeople.

Location

ManyimportantcitiesinancientGreecehadanacropolis,or“highcity”,onwhichpeopleconstructedimportantbuildings.Theacropoliswasthehighestandmostdefensiblelocation,soitalsoservedasafortressintheeventofenemyattack.TheParthenonislocatedabout500feetabovethecityofAthens.BeforetheParthenoncouldbebuilt,someareasoftheacropolishadtobeleveleddown,andotherareashadtobebuiltup.Thenalarge,solidfoundationwasconstructedouttolimestoneblocks.Theentireareawasbuttressedbyareinforcingwall.

Description

TheParthenonisarectangularstructureconsistingoftwoinnerareassurroundedbycolumns.Thereareeightcolumnsateachendandseventeencolumnsalongeachside.Itisalargestructure,consideringwhenitwasbuilt.Itisabout200feetlongandabout100feetwide.Itstandsabout60feethigh.

Construction

OneextraordinaryaspectoftheParthenonisitsconstruction.Itrequiredbetween20,000and30,000tonsofmarblethathadtobepreciselycarvedsothathugeblocksofitcouldbefittedtogetherwithoutmortartoformthecolumnsandinteriorwalls.

Perhapsevenmoreimpressivearethe“opticalcorrections”thatwereused.ThecolumnsbulgeslightlyinthemiddlebecauseexperiencehadshowntheGreeksthatperfectlystraightcolumnswouldnotlookstraighttoviewer.Becausecomercolumnsnormallysmallerthanothers,thecomercolumnsoftheParthenonweremadeslightlythickerandwereplacedclosertotheothercolumns.Thecolumnswerealsodesignedtoleaninwardslightlybecauseperfectlyperpendicularcolumnsseemtoslantoutward.FurthermoretheplatformonwhichtheParthenonsitswasmadetocurveupwardinthemiddlebecauseperfectlylevelfloorwouldappeartosaginthecenter.

TheParthenonstandstodaydespitethefactthatthecenturiesthathavepassed.ItisatimelesstributetotheenduringcultureoftheGreekpeopleandisconsideredamodelofexcellenceinconceptandconstruction.Itestablishedtheclassicstyleofarchitectureseentodayinmanypublicbuildings,suchastheWhiteHouseand.theLincolnMemorialinWashington.D.C.ThisarchitecturalstyleisalastinggiftfromtheancientGreekstothemodemworld.

21.TheauthorofthePassageprobablyviewstheParthenonwith____.

22.Inthispassage,theword“annihilated”means____.

23.ThepassagesuggeststhatmostimportantcitiesinancientGreecehadanacropolisto____.

24.ThereadercanconcludethattheParthenon____.

25.WhatistheapproximatelengthoftheParthenon?

问题1选项

A.amusement

B.suspicion

C.amazement

D.disapproval

问题2选项

A.destroyedcompletely

B.understood

C.examinedcarefully

D.survived

问题3选项

A.protectthemselvesincaseofinvasion

B.houseaParthenon

C.imprisonthePersianforces

D.honorPericles

问题4选项

A.hadcolumnsmadeoflimestone

B.requiredmuchefforttobuild

C.hadapalaceinsidefortheleaderofAthens

D.wasnevercompletelyfinished

问题5选项

A.60feet

B.100feet

C.200feet

D.500feet

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】21.【选项释义】

TheauthorofthePassageprobablyviewstheParthenonwith____.这篇文章的作者可能用____来看待帕台农神庙（Parthenon）。

A.amusementA.娱乐

B.suspicionB.怀疑

C.amazementC.惊讶

D.disapprovalD.反对

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】本题询问的是作者如何看待帕台农神庙。原文首段提到“希腊雅典的帕台农神庙可能是地球上最令人难忘的（themostMemorable）建筑之一”；中间各段分别介绍了神庙的背景、地址、建筑特征等；原文最后一段提到“它是对希腊人民持久文化的永恒致敬（atimelesstribute），被认为是理念和建设方面的卓越典范（amodelofexcellenceinconceptandconstruction）”，以及“这种建筑风格是古希腊人送给现代世界的永恒礼物（alastinggift）”。由此可知，作者整体上是赞扬这个神庙的，惊讶于它的成就，语气也比较正式和认真，C选项“惊讶”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A选项“娱乐”、B选项“怀疑”、D选项“反对”不符合原文语气。

22.【选项释义】

Inthispassage,theword“annihilated”means____.在这篇文章中，“annihilated”这个词的意思是____。

A.destroyedcompletelyA.完全摧毁

B.understoodB.理解

C.examinedcarefullyC.仔细检查

D.survivedD.幸存

【考查点】词汇推断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词annihilated定位到原文Background小节第1段倒数第2句，该句提到“尽管（Although）波斯军队（Persianarmy）击溃了（overwhelmed）雅典（Athens）并将其夷为废墟，但在Themistocles的带领下，希腊海军（theGreeknavy）____了波斯舰队（thePersianfleet）。”根据句意可知，前后两句句意之间存在转折关系，前一句讲到波斯军队打败了雅典，那么后一句应该是说希腊海军赢了波斯海军。并且后文提到“希腊人的胜利（victory）导致波斯军队在一年内全部撤退”，由此可知，希腊人胜利了。因此，该词的词义应该为A选项“完全摧毁”。

【干扰项排除】B选项“理解”、C选项“仔细检查”、D选项“幸存”不符合原文语境。

23.【选项释义】

ThepassagesuggeststhatmostimportantcitiesinancientGreecehadanacropolisto____.这篇文章表明，古希腊最重要的城市都有一个卫城来____。

A.protectthemselvesincaseofinvasionA.在遭受侵略时保护自己

B.houseaParthenonB.放一座帕台农神庙

C.imprisonthePersianforcesC.囚禁波斯军队

D.honorPericlesD.纪念伯里克利

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词mostimportantcitiesinancientGreece和anacropolis定位到原文Location小节，该小节第2句提到“卫城是海拔最高、防御能力最强的地方（mostdefensiblelocation），因此在敌人进攻时，它也可以作为要塞（servedasafortressintheeventofenemyattack）。”由此可知，卫城的目的是用来防御的，A选项“在遭受侵略时保护自己”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】B选项“放一座帕台农神庙”、C选项“囚禁波斯军队”、D选项“纪念伯里克利”，非原文所说建造卫城的目的，该选项属于无中生有。

24.【选项释义】

ThereadercanconcludethattheParthenon____.读者可以得出结论，帕台农神庙____。

A.hadcolumnsmadeoflimestoneA.柱子是石灰石做的

B.requiredmuchefforttobuildB.需要付出很大的努力才能建成

C.hadapalaceinsidefortheleaderofAthensC.里面有一座纪念雅典领袖的宫殿

D.wasnevercompletelyfinishedD.从未完全完成

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词Parthenon和选项关键词build定位到原文Description和Construction小节。Description小节提到“考虑到它建成的时间，它是一个很大的结构（alargestructure）。它大约有200英尺长，100英尺宽。它大约有60英尺高。”另外，Construction小节第1段第2句，该句提到“它需要两万到三万吨的大理石（marble），这些大理石必须经过精确的雕刻（bepreciselycarved），才能在不使用灰泥的情况下（withoutmortar）组装成圆柱和内墙。”由此可知，该神庙很大，并且工艺很复杂，B选项“需要付出很大的努力才能建成”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“柱子是石灰石做的”，原文提到柱子是大理石做的，而不是石灰石，该选项表述错误；

C选项“里面有一座纪念雅典领袖的宫殿”，可定位到原文Background小节，本节第2段第3句提到“在伯里克利统治时期，帕台农神庙（theParthenon）和一座未完工的建筑建在同一地点，该未完成的建筑的目的是（anunfinishedstructureintended）纪念在早期与波斯人的战斗中牺牲的人。”由此可知，纪念雅典领袖的宫殿不是帕台农神庙，该选项属于张冠李戴；

D选项“从未完全完成”，可定位到原文Background小节，本节第2段第2句提到“建造于（Constructiontookplace）公元前447年至432年之间”，由此可知，帕台农神庙修建完成了。并且由C选项解析可知，未完成的是另一个建筑，该选项属于张冠李戴。

25.【选项释义】

WhatistheapproximatelengthoftheParthenon?帕台农神庙的大概长度是多少？

A.60feetA.60英尺

B.100feetB.100英尺

C.200feetC.200英尺

D.500feetD.500英尺

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词lengthoftheParthenon定位到原文Description小节，该节倒数第2句提到“它大约有200英尺长（200feetlong），100英尺宽。”因此，本题答案为C选项“200英尺”。

【干扰项排除】A选项“60英尺”、B选项“100英尺”、D选项“500英尺”均不符合原文。

7.单选题

It’sdifficultformyfatherto（

）withoutacane.

问题1选项

A.talkback

B.sitin

C.standout

D.getround

【答案】D

【解析】talkback顶嘴,反驳；sitin旁听,参加；standout站出来,坚持到底；getround四处走动。句意:没有手杖,父亲很难四处走动。选项D符合语境。

8.单选题

MarketshadfearedthatDollymightdisruptproductionintheGulfofMexico,butthestormmissedtheoilfieldsbeforebearing（）Texas.

问题1选项

A.downon

B.downat

C.awayat

D.awayto

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。beardownon“逼近，袭击，冲向”。句意：市场曾担心飓风多莉可能会打断墨西哥湾的生产，但风暴在逼近德克萨斯之前没有击中油田。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Providingfirstclassserviceisoneofthetacticstheairlineadoptstoattractpassengers.

问题1选项

A.attitudes

B.methods

C.solutions

D.thoughts

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：提供头等舱服务是航空公司吸引乘客的策略之一。A选项attitude“态度，看法”；B选项method“方法，条理”；C选项solution“解决方案”；D选项thought“想法”。tactic意为“策略，战略”，选项B代入最符合语境。

10.单选题

SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpectto_______wonderfulbargainsinthemarket.

问题1选项

A.pickup

B.bumpinto

C.pileup

D.bringback

【答案】A

【解析】动词词组辨析。pickup“买到，获得”；bumpinto“无意中遇到，碰到”；pileup“积累，堆放起来”；bringback“拿回来”。句意：有些人喜欢在星期天购物，因为他们期待买到市场上物美价廉的便宜货。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Itisa（

）thatinsucharichcountrythereshouldbesomanypoorpeople.

问题1选项

A.debate

B.dispute

C.dilemma

D.paradox

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项debate“辩论，讨论”；B选项dispute“辩论，争吵”；C选项dilemma“困境，进退两难”；D选项paradox“悖论，自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：在如此富裕的国家竟然有那么多穷人，这是一个多么矛盾的事情。选项D符合句意。

12.单选题

Thestructureoftheglobaleconomy（）thatdevelopingnationsputalltheireffortsintoraisingcash—usuallybyexportingwhatevervirginresourcestheindustrialworldmightdesire.

问题1选项

A.dictates

B.regulates

C.allows

D.appeals

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。dictate“命令；要求”；regulate“调节”；allow“允许”；appeal“呼吁；上诉”；句意：全球经济的结构……发展中国家把所有的努力都投入到筹集资金上——通常是通过出口工业世界可能需要的任何原始资源。与“thestructureoftheglobaleconomy”搭配的只能是dictate，表示“全球经济要求”因此A选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Iran’smoralitypoliceare（）onthesaleofBarbiedollstoprotectthepublicfromwhattheyseeasperniciouswesterncultureerodingIslamicvalues.

问题1选项

A.puttingdown

B.breakingdown

C.crackingdown

D.lookingdown

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。putdown“写下；镇压”；breakdown“分解；破坏”；crackdown“严加治理”；lookdown“俯视，向下看”。句意：伊朗道德警察……出售芭比娃娃，以保护公众的伊斯兰价值观免受他们眼中有害的西方文化侵蚀。因此选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

Lastmonththefirstbaby-boomersturned60.Thebulkygenerationbornbetween1946and1964isheadingtowardsretirement.Thelooming“demographiccliff”willseevastnumbersofskilledworkersdispatchedfromthelaborforce.Theworkforceisageingacrosstherichworld.WithintheEUthenumberofworkersagedbetween50and64willincreaseby25%overthenexttwodecades,whilethoseaged20-29willdecreaseby20%.InJapanalmost20%ofthepopulationisalreadyover65,thehighestshareintheworld.AndintheUnitedStatesthenumberofworkersaged55-64willhaveincreasedbymorethanhalfinthisdecade,atthesametimeasthe35-to-44-year-oldsdeclineby10%.

Giventhatmostsocietiesaregearedtoretirementataround65，companieshavealoomingproblemofknowledgemanagement,ofmakingsurethattheboomersdonotleavebeforetheyhavehandedovertheirexpertisealongwiththeofficekeysandtheire-mailaddress.Asurveyofhuman-resourcesdirectorsbyIBMlastyearconcluded:“Whenthebaby-boomergenerationretires,manycompanieswillfindouttoolatethatacareer'sworthofexperiencehaswalkedoutthedoor,leavinginsufficienttalenttofillinthevoid.”

Somealsofaceashortageofexpertise.Inaerospaceanddefense,forexample,asmuchas40%oftheworkforceinsomecompanieswillbeeligibletoretirewithinthenextfiveyears.Atthesametime,thenumberofengineeringgraduatesindevelopedcountriesisinsteepdecline.

Afewcompaniesaresosqueezedthattheyarealreadytakingexceptionalmeasures.EarlierthisyeartheLosAngelesTimesinterviewedanenterprisingAustralianwhowasstayinginBeverlyHillswhilehetriedtopersuadelocalstoemigratetoToowoomba,Queensland,toworkforhisengineeringcompanythere.Toowoombatoday;therestofthedevelopedworldtomorrow?

Ifyoulookhardenough,youcanfindcompaniesthathavebeguntoadapttheworkplacetoolderworkers.TheAARP,anAmericanassociationfortheover-50s,producesanannuallistofthebestemployersofitsmembers.Health-carefirmsinvariablycomenearthetopbecausetheyareoneoftheindustriesmostinneedofskilledlabor.Othersectorssimilarlyaffected,saystheConferenceBoard,includeoil,gas,energyandgovernment.

NearthetopoftheAARP’slatestlistcomesDeere&Company,ano-nonsenseindustrial-equipmentmanufacturerbasedinIllinois;about35%ofDeere’s46,000employeesareover50andanumberofthemareintheir70s.Thetoolsitusestoachievethat—flexibleworking,telecommuting,andsoforth—alsocoincidentallyhelpolderworkerstoextendtheirworkinglives.Thecompanyspends“alotoftime”ontheergonomicsofitsfactories,makingjobstherelesstiring,whichenablesolderworkerstostayatthemforlonger.

Likewise,formorethanadecade,Toyota,arguablytheworld’smostadvancedmanufacturer,hasadapteditsworkstationstoolderworkers.Theshortageofskilledlaboravailabletotheautomotiveindustryhasmadeitunusuallykeentorecruitolderworkers.BMWrecentlysetupafactoryinLeipzigthatexpresslysetouttoemploypeopleovertheageof45.

Needsmustwhenthedevildrives.Otherfirmsarepolishingtheiralumninetworks.IBMusesitsnetworktorecruitretiredpeopleforparticularprojects.Ernst&Young,aprofessional-servicesfirm,hasabout30,000registeredalumni,andabout25%ofits“experienced”newrecruitsareformeremployeeswhoreturnafteranabsence.

Butsuchexamplesareunusual.AsurveyinAmericalastmonthbyErnst&Youngfoundthat“althoughcorporateAmericaforeseesasignificantworkforceshortageasboomersretire,itisnotdealingwiththeissue.”Almostthree-quartersofthe1,400globalcompaniesquestionedbyDeloittelastyearsaidtheyexpectedashortageofsalariedstaffoverthenextthreetofiveyears.Yetfewofthemarelookingtoolderworkerstofillthatshortage;andevenfewerarelookingtothemtofillanothergapthathasalreadyappeared.ManyfirmsinEuropeandAmericacomplainthattheystruggletofindqualifieddirectorsfortheirboardswhenthepoolofretiredtalentfromthoseverysamefirmsisgrowingbyleapsandbounds.

Whyarefirmsnotworkinghardertokeepoldemployees?Partofthereasonisthatthecrunchhasbeenbeyondthehorizonofmostmanagers.Norishangingontoolderworkerstheonlywaytocopewithafallingsupplyoflabor.Theparticipationofdevelopingcountriesintheworldeconomyhasincreasedtheoverallsupply—whateverthelocaleffectofdemographicsintherichcountries.AvastamountofworkisbeingsentoffshoretosuchplacesasChinaandIndiaandmorewillgoinfuture.Somecountries,suchasAustralia,arerelaxingtheirimmigrationpoliciestoallowmuchneededskillstocomeinfromabroad.Otherswillavoidtheneedforworkersbyspendingmoneyonmachineryandautomation.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themostseriousconsequenceofbaby-boomersapproachingretirementwouldbe（）.

2.ThefollowingareallthemeasuresthatcompanieshaveadoptedtocopewiththeageingworkforceEXCEPT（）.

3.“Thecompanyspends‘alotoftime’ontheergonomicsofitsfactories”meansthat（）.

4.Intheauthor’sopinion,Americanfirmsarenotdoinganythingtodealwiththeissueoftheageingworkforcemainlybecause（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sdevelopmentofargument?

问题1选项

A.alossofknowledgeandexperiencetomanycompanies

B.adecreaseinthenumberof35-to-44-year-olds

C.acontinuousincreaseinthenumberof50-to-64-year-olds

D.itsimpactonthedevelopedworldwhoseworkforceisageing

问题2选项

A.makingplacesofworkaccommodatetheneedsofolderworkers

B.usingalumninetworkstohireretiredformeremployees

C.encouragingformeremployeestoworkoverseas

D.grantingmoreconvenienceinworkinghourstoolderworkers

问题3选项

A.thecompanyattachesgreatimportancetothelayoutofitsfactories

B.thecompanyimprovestheworkingconditionsinitsfactories

C.thecompanyattemptstoreduceproductioncostsofitsfactories

D.thecompanyintendstorenovateitsfactoriesandupdateequipment

问题4选项

A.theyhavenotbeenawareoftheproblem

B.theyarereluctanttohireolderworkers

C.theyarenotsureofwhattheyshoulddo

D.theyhaveotheroptionstoconsider

问题5选项

A.introducingtheissue—citingwaystodealwiththeissue—describingtheactualstatus—offeringreasons.

B.describingtheactualstatus—introducingtheissue—citingwaystodealwiththeissue—offeringreasons.

C.citingwaystodealwiththeissue—introducingtheissue—describingtheactualstatus—offeringreasons.

D.describingtheactualstatus—offeringreasonsintroducingtheissue—citingwaystodealwiththeissue.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：根据文章，婴儿潮一代（指出生于生育高峰期的人，生育高峰儿），即将退休的最严重后果将是_________。根据题干定位到第一段第一句话Lastmonththefirstbaby-boomersturned60.Thebulkygenerationbornbetween1946and1964isheadingtowardsretirement.Thelooming“demographiccliff”willseevastnumbersofskilledworkersdispatchedfromthelaborforce.Theworkforceisageingacrosstherichworld.（上个月，婴儿潮一代迎来了60岁生日。1946年至1964年出生的庞大一代正走向退休。即将出现的“人口悬崖”将导致大量熟练工人从劳动力市场流失。发达国家的劳动力都在老龄化。），所以D选项“它对劳动力老龄化的发达国家的影响”，符合题意。A选项“对许多公司来说是知识和经验的损失”，在文中并未提及，故排除。B选项“35-44岁人数的减少”，C选项“50-64岁人数的持续增长”，都是工人年龄未来的趋势而不是后果，所以不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。

2.推理判断题。题干：以下是各公司为应付劳动力老化而采取的所有措施，除了_______。根据文章第六段第二句话Thetoolsitusestoachievethat—flexibleworking,telecommuting,andsoforth—alsocoincidentallyhelpolderworkerstoextendtheirworkinglives.（用来实现这一目标的工具—灵活工作、远程办公等等—也巧合地帮助了年长的员工延长了他们的工作寿命。），可知A选项“使工作场所适应年长工人的需要”和D选项“给年长的工人在工作时间上提供更多的便利”，是公司采取的措施，故排除A，D选项。根据文章第八段第二句话Otherfirmsarepolishingtheiralumninetworks.（其他公司也在完善他们的校友网络），可知B选项“利用校友网络来雇佣退休的前雇员”，也是公司采取的措施之一。只有C选项“鼓励前雇员到海外工作”，在文中没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。

3.推理判断题。题干：“公司在工厂的人体工程学上花费了‘大量时间’”，意味着_______。根据题干定位到文章第六段最后一句话Thecompanyspends“alotoftime”ontheergonomicsofitsfactories,makingjobstherelesstiring,whichenablesolderworkerstostayatthemforlonger.（该公司在工厂的人体工程学上花费了“大量时间”，使那里的工作不那么累人，从而使年老的工人在那里呆的时间更长。），A选项“公司非常重视工厂的布局”，B选项“公司改善了工厂的工作条件”，C选项“公司试图降低工厂的生产成本”，D选项“公司打算更新工厂和设备”，以上选项只有B选项才能是在人体工程学的基础上使工作不那么累人。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

4.事实细节题。题干：在作者看来，美国公司没有采取任何措施来解决劳动力老龄化问题，主要是因为_______。根据题干定位到文章最后一段第一句话Whyarefirmsnotworkinghardertokeepoldemployees?Partofthereasonisthatthecrunchhasbeenbeyondthehorizonofmostmanagers.Norishangingontoolderworkerstheonlywaytocopewithafallingsupplyoflabor.（为什么公司不努力留住老员工？部分原因是，问题已经超出了大多数管理者的能力范围。抓住老员工不放也不是应对劳动力供应下降的唯一办法。），所以D选项“他们会考虑其他选择”符合题意。A选项“他们还没有意识到这个问题”，B选项“他们不愿意雇佣年长的工人”和C选项“他们不确定他们应该做什么”，在文中均没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。

5.推理判断题。题干：下面哪一个最好地描述了作者的论证过程？文章第一段第一句话就引出话题，描述现状Lastmonththefirstbaby-boomersturned60.（上个月，婴儿潮一代迎来了60岁生日）。接下来第一、二、三段具体展开了带来的问题。第四、五、六、七、八段都在说明公司采取的一些措施，第九，十段则是在说明公司对劳动力老龄化问题不采取措施的原因，所以只有B选项符合文章的论述过程。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

15.单选题

Theindividualmobility,convenience,andstatusgivenbytheprivatepassengercarofferaseeminglyunbeatableattraction.In1987,arecord126,000carsrolledoffassemblylineseachworkingday,andcloseto400millionvehicleschokeuptheworld’sstreetstoday.

Butthecar'susefulnesstotheindividualstandsinsharpcontrasttothecostsandburdensthatsocietymustshouldertoprovideanautomobile-centeredtransportationsystem.SincethedaysofHenryFord,societieshavemadeasteadystreamoflawstoprotectdriversfromeachotherandthemselves,aswellastoprotectthegeneralpublicfromtheunintendedeffectsofmassiveautomobileuse.Lawmakershavestruggledoverthecompetinggoalsofunlimitedmobilityandtheindividual’sfighttobefreeofthenoise,pollution,andphysicaldangersthattheautomobileoftenbrings.

Priortotheseventies,theauto’susefulnessandassuredroleinsocietywerehardlyquestioned.Evenworriesaboutuprisinggaspricesandfiiturefuelavailabilitysubsided（减退）intheeightiesalmostasquicklyastheyhademerged.Carsalesrecovered,drivingisup,andwealthycustomersareoncemoreshoppingforhighperformancecars.

Themotorvehicleindustry'sapparentsuccessindealingwiththechallengesoftheseventieshasobscuredtheharmfullong-termtrendsofautomobilecenteredtransportation.Risinggasolineconsumptionwillbeforelongputincreasedpressureonoilproductioncapacities.Inaddition,asmoreandmorepeoplecanaffordtheirowncarsandasmassmotorizationtakeshold,trafficjambecomesatoughproblem.Andmotorvehiclesareimportantcontributorstourbanairpollution,acidrain,andglobalwarming.

Society'sinterestinfuelsupplysecurity,theintegrityofitscities,andprotectionoftheenvironmentcallsforafundamentalrethinkingoftheautomobile’srole.Stricterfueleconomyandpollutionstandardsarethemostobviousandimmediatemeasuresthatcanbeadopted.Buttheycanonlybepartoftheanswer.Intheyearsahead,thechallengewillbetodevelopinnovative（革新的）transportationpolicies.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

2.Thephrase"rolledoffassemblylines"（Para.I,Lines2）means（）.

3.Thepassagestatesthatthereis（）.

4.Itisimpliedthattheauto'sassuredroleinsocietyis（）.

5.Stricterfueleconomyandpollutionstandardsare（）.

问题1选项

A.Acarprovidesitsownerwithasenseofsafety.

B.Agoodcarallowsitsownertotravelfree.

C.Agoodcarindicatesitsowner'shighsocialposition.

D.Acaraddstoitsowner'sattractiveness.

问题2选项

A."wereturnedoutfromfactories"

B."movedalongproductionlines"

C."movedalongthestreets"

D."werelinedupinthestreets"

问题3选项

A.asharpcontrastbetweenthecostandusefulnessofthecars

B.asharpcontrastbetweenthecostandperformanceofthecars

C.asharpconflictbetweencardriversandtrafficrules

D.asharpcontradictionbetweentheconvenienceofcarownersandtheburdensofsociety

问题4选项

A.threatenedbytherisinggasprices

B.challengedbyaseriesoffundamentalproblems

C.protectedbylaw

D.firmlyestablished

问题5选项

A.onlypartofthesolutiontomassiveautomobileuse

B.thebestwaytocopewiththemassiveuseofcars

C.innovativetransportationpolicies

D.futurepoliciesoftheautomobileindustry

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句“Theindividualmobility,convenience,andstatusgivenbytheprivatepassengercarofferaseeminglyunbeatableattraction.私人轿车给个人所带来的流动性、便利性和地位，似乎具有无与伦比的吸引力。”由此可知，一辆好车能够彰显车主较高的社会地位。选项C符合原文。

2.判断推理题。rolloff指的是“从...复印出...”；assemblylines指的是“工厂组装线”。车从工厂组装线复印出，也就是说，车被一辆一辆的组装生产出来，所以选项D为正确答案。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段首句“Butthecar'susefulnesstotheindividualstandsinsharpcontrasttothecostsandburdensthatsocietymustshouldertoprovideanautomobile-centeredtransportationsystem．但是汽车对个人的有用性与社会为提供一个以汽车为中心的交通系统所必须承担的成本和负担形成了鲜明的对比。”也就是汽车给车主带来的便利与给社会带来的负担之间的尖锐矛盾，所以选项D符合原文。

4.判断推理题。根据第三段的首句“Priortotheseventies,theauto’susefulnessandassuredroleinsocietywerehardlyquestioned.在七十年代之前，汽车的实用性和它在社会中的作用几乎没有受到质疑。”但是在最后一段首句，作者提到“Society'sinterestinfuelsupplysecurity,theintegrityofitscities,andprotectionoftheenvironmentcallsforafundamentalrethinkingoftheautomobile’srole.社会对燃料供应的安全性、城市完整性和对环境保护的关注，要求我们从根本上重新思考汽车的作用。”也就是说，曾经汽车在社会中可靠的角色现在受到了一系列根本问题的挑战，所以选项B正确。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二、三句“Stricterfueleconomyandpollutionstandardsarethemostobviousandimmediatemeasuresthatcanbeadopted.Buttheycanonlybepartoftheanswer.更严格的燃油经济性和污染标准是可以采取的最明显和最直接的措施。但它们只是答案的一部分。”由此可知，这只是大规模汽车使用的部分解决方案。选项A符合原文。

16.单选题

ManyAmericansharboragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.FergusClydesdale,headofthedepartmentoffoodscienceandnutritionattheUniversityofMassachusetts-Amherst,saysbluntlythatifthedangersfrombacteriallycontaminatedchickenwereasgreatassomepeoplebelieve,“thestreetswouldbelitteredwithpeoplelyinghereandthere.”

Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfood,thereisnosuchthing.BruceAmes,chairmanofthebiochemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,pointsoutthatupto10%ofaplant’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides（杀虫剂）.Sayshe:“Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselves,theyemploychemicalwarfare.”Andmanynaturallyproducedchemicals,thoughoccurringintinyamounts,proveinlaboratoryteststobestrongcarcinogens—asubstancewhichcancausecancer.Mushrooms（磨菇）mightbebannediftheywerejudgedbythesamestandardsthatapplytofoodadditives（添加剂）.DeclaresChristinaStark,anutritionistatCornellUniversity:“We’vegotfatworsenaturalchemicalsinthefoodsupplythananythingman-made.”

Yettheissuesarenotthatsimple.WhileAmericanshavenoreasontobeterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertable,theyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.Theyunconsciouslyandunwillinglytakeintoomuchoftooma