考研考博-英语-哈尔滨工程大学考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈尔滨工程大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Beforethegeneralelectionmanyseniorcitizenssignedthe（）againstthespreadingofnucleararms.

问题1选项

A.contract

B.petition

C.supplication

D.potential

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析。contract合同，契约；petition请愿书，指许多人签名的向当权者提出某种要求；supplication祈愿，祈求，恳求；potential潜力，潜势。句意:好多老年人签订反对核武器的扩散。故B项符合句意。

2.单选题

Savingmoneyregularlyduringone’sworkingyearswillhelpto（）one’soldagefromwant.

问题1选项

A.safeguard

B.assure

C.guard

D.guarantee

【答案】A

【解析】safeguard保护，保卫；assure保证，确保；guard防卫；guarantee保证，担保。safeguard...from...为固定搭配，表示“保护...使免于...”，句意：工作的时候定期存钱，有助于老年时期免受贫困之苦。选项A符合句意。

3.单选题

Hopingthathemightbeableto（

）theproblem,IaskedManiotolookattheengine.

问题1选项

A.shedlighton

B.makelightof

C.bringlightto

D.setlightto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。shedlighton“解释；阐明”；makelightof“轻视；对……不在乎”；bringlightto“为……带来光明”；setlightto“点火；引火烧”。句意：我请马里奥看看这个引擎，希望他可以解决这个问题。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

SinceJohnhassuchan（

）toflying,IamcertainthathewillnotwanttogotoBritainwithus.

问题1选项

A.aviation

B.aviator

C.aversion

D.avocation

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近词辨析。aviation“航空，飞行术”；aviator“飞行员”；aversion“厌恶，反感”；avocation“副业，业余爱好”。句意：既然约翰那么讨厌乘飞机，那我可以肯定他将不会愿意和我们一起去英国。根据前后句关系可知答案C

5.单选题

MarywasashyWomanandtook______behindaratherforbiddingbluntnessofmanner.

问题1选项

A.refuge

B.kindness

C.fright

D.appearance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。refuge“避难”；kindness“好意”；fright“惊吓”；appearance“外貌”。句意：玛丽是一个害羞的女人，遇到令人害怕的直率行为就赶紧躲避。选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

Thejudgeruledthattheevidencewasinadmissibleonthegroundsthatitwas（）totheissueathand.

问题1选项

A.irrational

B.unreasonable

C.invalid

D.irrelevant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项irrational“不合理的，无理性的”；B选项unreasonable“不合理的，不切实际的”；C选项invalid“无效的，有病的”；D选项irrelevant“不相干的，不切题的”。句意：法官裁定该证据不可采信，因为它与手头的问题无关。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。

7.单选题

Shealwayshandledtheproblems（）herownexperienceandprinciples.

问题1选项

A.inthelightof

B.intheeventof

C.inthefaceof

D.inthecourseof

【答案】A

【解析】介词词组辨析。inthelightof根据，按照；intheeventof如果……发生；inthefaceof面临，面对；inthecourseof在……过程中。句意：她总是根据自己的经验和原则来处理问题。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

Nowordswill（）toconveymygrief.

问题1选项

A.serve

B.supply

C.suffice

D.support

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项serve“招待，供应，为……服务”；B选项supply“供给，提供，补充”；C选项suffice“使满足，足够，有能力”，sufficeto“足以”，例如：Oneexamplewillsufficetoillustratethepoint.举一个例子就足以说明这一点，D选项support“支持，帮助，支撑”，句意：没有言语能够表达我的悲伤。由选项意思，固定搭配和句意可知，C选项符合句意。

9.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

Beginninginthelate1960s,agrowingnumberofwomenexpressedastrongdissatisfactionwithanymarriagearrangementwherethehusbandandhiscareerweretheprimaryconsiderationsinthemarriage.

（1）Bytheendofthe1970s,forexample,considerablylessthanhalfofthewomeninoursocietystillbelievedthattheyshouldputtheirhusbandsandchildrenaheadoftheirowncareers.Inthe2000s,mostwomenintheUnitedStatesbelievethattheyshouldbeequalpartnersintheirmarriagesandthattheirhusbandsshouldhaveequalresponsibilityforchildcareandhouseholdchores.

（2）Inanequal-partnershipmarriage,thewifepursuesa

full-timejoborcareerwhichhasequalorgreaterimportancetoherhusband’s,whilethelong-standingdivisionoflaborbetweenhusbandandwifecomestoanend.Thehusbandisnolongerthemainprovideroffamilyincome,andthewifenolongerhasthemainresponsibilitiesforhouseholddutiesandraisingchildren.Husbandandwifeshareallthesedutiesequally.Poweroverfamilydecisionsisalsosharedequally.

（3）TherealityoflifeinthepresentworldisthatalthoughmostAmericanwomennowhaveanequalsayinthedecisionaffectingthefamily,theysometimesearnlessthanmenforsamework.Also,mostwomenarestillspendingmoretimetakingcareofthechildren,cooking,andcleaningthantheirhusbandsare.Manywomenareresentfulbecausetheyfeelliketheyhavetwofull-timejobs-theoneatworkandtheoneathome.Inthe1980swomenweretoldtheycould“haveitall”--fast-trackcareer,husband,children,andacleanhouse.Now,somewomenarefindingthatlifestyleexhaustingandunrewarding.（4）

Someyoungwomenarenowchoosingtostayathomeuntiltheirchildrenstartschool,butmanyotherswhowouldliketocannotaffordtodoso.Jugglingtwocareersandfamilyresponsibilitiescanbeasdifficultformenasitisforwomen,especiallyifthereistrulyanequaldivisionofduties.Americanfathersareoftenseendroppingthekidsoffatthebabysitter’sortakingasickchildtothedoctor.（5）

Somebusinessesarerecognizingtheneedtoaccommodatefamilieswherebothparentswork，thustheymayopenadaycarecenterintheofficebuilding,offerfatherspaternityleavetostayhomewiththeirnewbabiesorhaveflexibleworkinghours.Unfortunately,thesebenefitsarenotyetavailabletoall.Whileyoungcouplesstrivetoachieveequalityintheircareers,theirmarriages,andtheirparenting,societyatlargestilllacksmanyofthestructuresthatareneededtosupportthem.

【答案】1.例如，到20世纪70年代末，我们社会中仍有相当少的妇女认为她们应该把丈夫和孩子放在自己事业的前面。

2.在一个平等伙伴关系的婚姻中，妻子所从事的全职工作或事业与丈夫的工作或事业是同等或更重要的，而丈夫与妻子之间的劳动分配也结束了。

3.当今世界的现实生活是，尽管大多数美国妇女现在在影响家庭的决定上有平等的发言权，但她们有时因同样的工作而挣得比男人少。

4.如今，一些年轻女性选择待在家里，直到孩子上学，但许多其他愿意这样做的人却负担不起。

5.一些企业认识到需要去帮助那些父母都上班的家庭，因此，他们可能在办公大楼里开设日托中心，为父亲们提供陪产假以便在家里陪伴其新出生的婴儿或有弹性工作时间。

10.单选题

Inspiteoftheattractions,Guidehasnotadoptedthisuniformapproach,mainlybecauseunifyingratherdifferenttypesofobjectsdoesnot（

）simplicity.

问题1选项

A.makefor

B.makeup

C.makeoff

D.makeout

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词词组辨析。makefor“有助于；造就”；makeup“构成；编造”；makeoff“匆忙离开”；makeout“理解；辨认”。句意：...原因在于将不同类型的对象统一起来并不能够有助于简化。选项A符合句意。

11.单选题

Thecollegewasfirst（

）in1872,lateritwastemporarilyclosedforafewyears,andthenin1879itwasestablishedagain.

问题1选项

A.found

B.founded

C.organized

D.formed

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这所大学最初建立于1872年，随后被临时关闭了几年，然后在1879年再次被建立。

考查动词辨析。Found创立,建立,创办;founded（found的过去分词）;organized（organize的过去分词）被组织，被整理;formed（form的过去分词）被形成。由后半句wasestablished对应可知B符合句意。

12.单选题

Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.

Herethereportsonhisfindings.

SectionA

Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.

SectionB

Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.

SectionC

Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”

SectionD

Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.

SectionE

Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.

Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphasesofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarealsousefulinrenewingthepolicyfornewpupils,orrevisingitinthelightofexperience.Butcurriculumworkalonemayonlyhaveshorttermeffects;itshouldbeanadditiontopolicywork,notasubstitute.

Therearealsowaysofworkingwithindividualpupils,orinsmallgroups.Assertivenesstrainingforpupilswhoareliabletobevictimsisworthwhile,andcertainapproachestogroupbullyingsuchas“noblame”,canbeusefulinchangingthebehaviourofbullyingpupilswithoutconfrontingthemdirectly,althoughothersanctionsmaybeneededforthosewhocontinuewithpersistentbullying.

Workintheplaygroundisimportant,too.Onehelpfulstepistotrainlunchtimesupervisorstodistinguishbullyingfromplayfulfighting,andhelpthembreakupconflicts.Anotherpossibilityistoimprovetheplaygroundenvironment,sothatpupilsarelesslikelytobeledintobullyingfromboredomorfrustration.

SectionF

Withthesedevelopments,schoolscanexpectthatatleastthemostseriouskindsofbullyingcanlargelybeprevented.Themoreeffortputinandthewiderthewholeschoolinvolvement,themoresubstantialtheresultsarelikelytobe.Thereductioninbullying—andtheconsequentimprovementinpupilhappiness—issurelyaworthwhileobjective.

Fromthelistbelowchoosethemostsuitabletitleforthereadingpassageabove.WritetheappropriateletterA-Dinbox27ontheAnswerSheet.

问题1选项

A.Bullying:whatparentscando

B.Bullying:arethemediatoblame?

C.Bullying:thelinkwithacademicfailure

D.Bullying:fromcrisismanagementtoprevention

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文，文章的SectionA-C部分首先对欺凌问题进行了总体介绍和概括，下文对学校欺凌现象进行了讨论，主要提到了欺凌对学生带来的影响，以及学校对欺凌事件的反应。SectionD部分对学校的管控和措施进行了介绍。SectionE-F提出了控制欺凌的有效措施和影响。可判断出整篇文章主要围绕对学校欺凌现象的管理和防止展开。选项D符合题意。

13.单选题

Ourfamilydoctor'sclinic（）atthejunctionoftwobusyroads.

问题1选项

A.rests

B.stands

C.stays

D.seats

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我们家庭医生的诊所位于两条繁忙马路的交叉口。

考查动词辨析。rest休息，放松，(被)支撑；stand站立，位于，停滞；stay停留，坚持，暂住，停下；seat使坐下。故B符合句意。

14.单选题

Thefarmeroutupironfencesaroundtheflower（）gardenneighbor’ssheepshouldbreakin.

问题1选项

A.onconditionthat

B.nowthat

C.lest

D.but

【答案】C

【解析】onconditionthat如果；nowthat既然,由于；lest唯恐,以免。句意：为了防止邻居家的羊搞破坏,农民在花园周围搭起了铁栅栏。选项C符合句意。

15.单选题

Hedidnotfeelobligedto（）totherulesthatappliedtoordinarymen.

问题1选项

A.confront

B.conform

C.confine

D.console

【答案】B

【解析】confront面对,遭遇；conform遵守,符合；confine限制；console安慰。句意：他觉得没有义务遵守适用于普通人的规则。选项B符合句意。

16.单选题

TheLondonMarathonisadifficultrace,（

）thousandsofrunnersparticipateeveryyear.

问题1选项

A.Therefore

B.Furthermore

C.Accordingly

D.Nevertheless

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。therefore“因此，所以”；furthermore“此外，而且”；accordingly“因此，于是”；nevertheless“然而”。句意：伦敦马拉松赛是一场艰难的比赛，然而每年有数千人参加。根据前后句关系可知D项正确，答案D

17.单选题

Teachingchildrentobe（

）inbothtechnologyandbasicskillslikewritingbyhandisabalancingactthatisasmuchataskforparentsasforteachers.

问题1选项

A.proficient

B.adept

C.capable

D.suitable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。proficient意为“精通的，熟练的”，beproficientin意为“精通于，熟练掌握”；adept意为“擅长于……的”，一般指有技巧的事情；capable意为“有能力的”，常与of连用；suitable意为“合适的”，常用for连用。句意：教孩子们熟练掌握技术和基本技能，比如手写，是一种平衡行为，对家长和教师来说都是一项任务。

18.单选题

Ifeltsomewhatdisappointedandwasabouttoleave,（

）somethingoccurredwhichattractedmyattention.

问题1选项

A.unless

B.until

C.when

D.while

【答案】C

【解析】考查时间状语从句。根据句意可知发生的事，是在我打算离开的时候，故空格处需要一个连词引导时间状语从句，排除A、B选项，occurred为短暂性动词，而while引导的从句动词必须是持续性动词，因此选C。句意：我有些失望且正要离开时，突然发生了一件事引起了我的注意。

19.翻译题

Whatisthebestexercisetocontrolhighbloodpressure?Takeyourpick,asthebestexercisetocontrolhighbloodpressureseemstobevirtuallyanyexercise,likewalkingorcyclingorlightweighttraining,especiallyifyourworkoutsarespreadthroughouttheday.

“Evenstandingmightwork,”saysGlennGaesser,thedirectoroftheHealthyLifestylesResearchCenteratArizonaStateUniversityandanexpertonexerciseandhypertension.Exerciselowersbloodpressureinlargepartbyalteringbloodvesselstiffnesssobloodflowsmorefreely.Thiseffectoccursduringandimmediatelyafteraworkout,sotheblood-pressurebenefitsfromexercisearemostpronouncedrightafter,youworkout.Asaresult,thebestwaytofighthypertensionmaybetodivvyupyourworkoutintobite-sizepieces.

Ina2012studybyDr.Gaesser,three10-minutewalksspreadthroughoutthedaywerebetteratpreventingsubsequentspikesinbloodpressure—whichcanindicateworseningbloodpressurecontrol—thanone30-minutewalk.Andifevena10-minutewalksoundsdaunting,trystandingmoreoften.InanotherstudyledbyDr.GaesserandpublishedinAugust,overweightvolunteerswithbloodpressureproblemswereaskedtositcontinuouslyduringaneight-hourworkdaywhiletheirbloodpressurewasmonitored.Thereadingswere,asexpected,unhealthy.

Butwhen,duringanotherworkday,thosevolunteersstoodupeveryhourforatleast10minutes,theirbloodpressurereadingsimprovedsubstantially.Thereadingswereevenbetterwhen,onadditionalworkdays,thevolunteersstrolledatapokey1-mile-per-hourpaceattreadmilldesksforatleast10minuteseveryhourorpedaledunder-deskexercisebikesforthesamenumberofminuteseveryhour.

“Exerciseintensitydoesnotappeartoplayanysignificantrole”inhelpingpeoplecontrolbloodpressure,Dr.Gaessersays.Movementiswhatmatters.Sogoforastrollafewtimesduringthedayorsimplystandupmoreoftentodevelophealthierbloodpressure.

【答案】【参考译文】

控制血压的最佳锻炼方式是什么？任何锻炼都好，几乎所有运动对控制血压都非常有效，比如步行、骑车或是轻的负重练习，全天式的锻炼会让减压效果更好。

亚利桑那州立大学健康生活方式研究中心的主任格林•盖瑟尔是位锻炼与高血压方面的专家，他认为“哪怕站着也会有帮助。”锻炼降低血压的原因，主要是因为运动可以改善血管硬度使得血流更加通畅。这样的效果在锻炼中和锻炼后都会马上显现，因而在刚刚运动完其降压效果尤其明显。结论就是最好的对抗高血压的方式，是类似少食多餐那样进行少量多次的运动。

在盖瑟尔2012年发表的一篇报告中，他建议将一天运动量均分为3个时长为10分钟的步行，这样比一次步行30分钟相比可以更好预防血压出现峰值，血压峰值出现往往意味着控压恶化。甚至说如果10分钟步行听着都有些吓人的话，那就多站站。盖瑟尔博士主导过另一项研究并将成果于8月出版，研究要求一些超重并有高血压问题的志愿者在8小时的工作日里一直坐在座位上，同时监测其血压，结果发现血压读数如预料的一样非常不健康。

但在另一个工作日，当要求这些志愿者每小时至少站立10分钟后，他们的血压读数显著改善。接着在另外一个工作日，这些志愿者需要每小时用带跑步机的书桌慢速走10分钟（配速为每小时1英里/1.6公里），或者用桌下型蹬车器每小时练习10分钟，锻炼后的血压读数改善得更为显著。

盖瑟尔博士称就辅助人们控制血压方面来说，“锻炼强度起不到什么作用。”运动起来才是关键。所以每天多走几步或多站几次来打造健康血压吧。

20.单选题

Afterdeliberatingforsevenhours,thejuryreachedamajority________of10to3infavorofthedefendant.

问题1选项

A.declaration

B.conclusion

C.opinion

D.verdict

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“declaration”，意为“公告；宣告；申报（单）”；B选项“conclusion”，意为“结论；结局；推论”；C选项“opinion”，意为“意见；想法；（群体的）观点，信仰”；D选项“verdict”，意为“（陪审团的）裁定，裁决，裁断”。句意：经过7个小时的商议，陪审团以10比3的多数__裁定__被告胜诉。本句表示“由陪审员经过商议后得出的结论，所以应该是裁定、裁决”。因此D选项符合题意。

21.单选题

Certainlynoonecouldhavepredictedthatatinywormwouldmakepossiblesuchfar-reaching（）intotheverynatureoflife.

问题1选项

A.understanding

B.perception

C.insights

D.inquiry

【答案】C

【解析】understanding理解；perception洞察力；insights深刻见解；inquiry探究，调查。句意：当然，没有人能预料到，一条微小的蠕虫能让我们对生命的本质有如此深远的了解。insightinto为固定搭配。选项C正确。

22.单选题

Theteacherdidn’tbelievethatTedwasannoyingmeuntilshesawhiminthe____actofpullingmyhair.

问题1选项

A.public

B.opponent

C.overt

D.oblique

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.public公开的；大庭广众的B.opponent反对者n.

C.overt公开的；公然的D.oblique隐晦的

【答案】C

【考查点】语义衔接与形容词辨析

【解题思路】空格处前后语义为“老师一直不相信Ted在烦我，直到她看见他____扯我的头发。”根据语义衔接可知，此处应该为C选项overt“公开的；公然的”符合语义要求，侧重于指行为不是偷偷做的。

【干扰项排除】

A选项public“公开的；大庭广众的”，侧重于指面向公众的；

B选项opponent“反对者”，不符合原文语义衔接；

D选项oblique“隐晦的”，不符合原文语义衔接。

【句意】直到老师看见Ted公然扯我的头发时，她才相信他在烦我。

23.问答题

(1)AstudypresentedlastweekattheAmericanHeartAssociationmeetingsuggeststhatmentalrelaxationproducedbymeditationmayhavephysiologicalbenefits,atleastinthecaseofpeoplewithestablishedcoronaryarterydisease.Researchersfollowedabout200high-riskpatientsforanaverageoffiveyears.Amongthe100whomeditated,therewere20heartattacks,strokesanddeaths；inthecomparisongroup,therewere32.(2)Themeditatorstendedtoremaindisease-freelongerandalsoreducedtheirbloodpressure.“Wefoundreducedbloodpressurethatwassignificant一thatwasprobablyoneimportantmediator，”saidDr.RobertSchneider,directoroftheInstituteforNaturalMedicineandPreventioninFairfield,Iowa,whopresentedthefindings.ThestudywasconductedattheMedicalCollegeofWisconsininMilwaukee,incollaborationwiththeinstitute.Dr.Schneidersuggestedthat(3)thestressreductionproducedbythemeditationcouldcausechangesinthebrainthatcutstresshormonesanddeceleratetheprocessesassociatedwithatherosclerosis(动脉硬化).

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(2).

【答案】1：AccordingtoastudyattheAmericanHeartAssociationmeetinglastweek,thinkingdeeplyinsilencecangeneratespiritualrecreation,whichmaybegoodtoone’sphysiology,atleastitistrueforthosewhosufferfromcoronaryarterydisease.

2：Thosewhoremaininasilentandcalmstateforaperiodoftimeareinclinedtodiseaseinalongertime,andtheirbloodpressurebecomelower.

3：Slientlythinkingcanreleasepressure,whichcouldleadtosomechangesinthebrain,anditcanreducethepressurehormonesandcontrolthedeteriorationofatherosclerosis.

24.单选题

Youradvicewouldbe（

）valuabletohim,whoisnowatalossastowhattodofirst.

问题1选项

A.exceedingly

B.excessively

C.extensively

D.exclusively

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项exceedingly“非常，极其”；B选项excessively“过度地”；C选项extensively“广大地，广泛地”；D选项exclusively“唯一地”。根据valuable（很重要的，宝贵的）可知A选项最为恰当，表示“非常有价值”。句意：你的建议对他非常有价值，因为他现在不知道该先做什么。

25.单选题

Asquicklyaspossible，thedoctorappliesicepackstoyourinjury.Ice（

）swellingandinflammation.

问题1选项

A.fastens

B.deters

C.encourages

D.fixes

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词辨析。fasten“使固定”；deter“阻止”；encourage“鼓励”；fix“修理”。句意：冰能够阻止肿胀和发炎。选项B符合句意。

26.单选题

Mamapracticed______bydressingthekidsinhand-me-downsratherthaninnewclothes.

问题1选项

A.avarice

B.thrift

C.benevolence

D.luxury

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项avarice表示“贪婪，贪财”，B项thrift表示“节俭，节约”，C项benevolence表示“仁慈，善行”，D项luxury表示“奢侈，奢华，奢侈品”。根据dressingthekidsinhand-me–downs（给孩子们穿旧衣服）可知，“节俭”符合语境。句意：妈妈节俭，给孩子们穿旧衣服，而不是新衣服。因此，该题选择B项正确。

27.单选题

TheUnitedStatescourtsystem,aspartofthefederalSystemofgovernment,ischaracterizedbydualjudicialsystems;therearebothstateandfederal-courts.Eachstatehasitsownsystemofcourts,composedofcivilandcriminaltrialcourts,sometimesintermediatecourtsofappeal,andastateSupremeCourt.Thefederalcourtsystem,consistsofseriesoftrialcourts(calleddistrictcourts)servingrelativelysmallgeographicregions(thereisatleastoneforeverystate),atierofcircuitcourtsofappealthathearappealsfrommanydistrictcourtsinaparticulargeographicregion,andtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates.Thetwocourtsystemsaretosomeextentoverlapping,inthatcertainkindsofdisputesmaybeinitiatedineithersystem.Theyarealsotosomeextenthierarchical(等级制度的),forthefederalsystemstandsabovethestatesysteminthatlitigant(personengagedinlawsuits)wholosetheircasesinthestatesupremecourtmayappealtheireasestotheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates.

Thus,thetypicalcourtcasebeginsinatrialcourt—acourtofgeneraljurisdiction—inthestateorfederalsystem.Mostcasesgonofurtherthanthetrialcourt;forexample,thecriminaldefendantisconvictedbyatrialandsentencedbythecourtandthecaseend;thepersonalinjurysuitresultsinajudgmentbyatrialcourt(oranout-of-courtsettlementbythepartieswhilethecourtsuitispending)andthepartiesleavethecourtsystem.Butsometimesthelosingpartyatthetrialcourtcaresenoughaboutthecausethatthematterdoesnotendthere.Inthesecases,the“loser”atthetrialcourtmayappealtothenexthighercourt.

21.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

22.Accordingtothepassage,districtcourtsarealsoknownas________.

23.Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,“engagedin”means________.

24.Thepassageindicatedthatlitigantswholosetheircasesinthestatetrialcourtmaytakethemtoa________.

25.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattypicalcourtcasesare________.

问题1选项

A.Civilandcriminaltrialcourts.

B.Typicalcourtcases.

C.ThecourtsystemintheUnitedStates.

D.Theappealcourtprocess.

问题2选项

A.circuitcourts

B.intermediatecourts

C.supremecourts

D.trialcourts

问题3选项

A.committedto

B.attentiveto

C.involvedin

D.absorbedin

问题4选项

A.differentcourtinthesamestate

B.Federaltrialcourt

C.StateSupremeCourt

D.Courtinanotherstate

问题5选项

A.alwaysappealed

B.usuallyresolvedinthedistrictcourts

C.alwaysoverlapping

D.usuallysettledbytheSupremeCourt

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】21.事实细节题。根据第一段第一句TheUnitedStatescourtsystem,aspartofthefederalSystemofgovernment,ischaracterizedbydualjudicialsystems;therearebothstateandfederal-courts.（美国法院制度作为联邦政府制度的一部分，其特点是双重司法制度；州法院和联邦法院同时存在。），后文以此展开，所以C选项“美国的法院系统”正确，A选项“民事和刑事审判法庭”，B选项“典型的法庭案例”和D选项“上诉法院程序”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。

22.事实细节题。根据第一段第三句seriesoftrialcourts(calleddistrictcourts)（一系列的初审法院，也就是地方法院），可知D选项“初审法院”正确。A选项“巡回法院”，B选项“中级法院”和C选项“最高法院”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。

23.语义推测题。engagedin的意思是“从事，参加，参与”。根据第一段最后一句litigant(personengagedinlawsuits)wholosetheircasesinthestatesupremecourtmayappealtheireasestotheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates.（在州最高法院败诉的当事人（参与诉讼的人）可以向美国最高法院上诉。），当事人参与诉讼，所以C选项“牵涉进，参与”正确。A选项“决心从事……；致力于”，B选项“留意”和D选项“全神贯注于”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。

24.义推测题。根据第一段最后一句litigant(personengagedinlawsuits)wholosetheircasesinthestatesupremecourtmayappealtheireasestotheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates.（在州最高法院败诉的当事人（参与诉讼的人）可以向美国最高法院上诉。），可知C选项“国家最高法院”正确。A选项“同一个州的不同法院”，B选项“联邦初审法院”和D选项“另一个州的法院”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。

25.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句Thus,thetypicalcourtcasebeginsinatrialcourt—acourtofgeneraljurisdiction—inthestateorfederalsystem.（因此，典型的法院案件始于州或联邦体系的初审法院——具有一般管辖权的法院。），可知B选项“通常在地区法院解决”正确，D选项“通常由最高法院解决”错误。A选项“常常提起上诉”和C选项“总是重叠”没有提到。因此B选项正确。

28.单选题

Nobodylikestakingexams;examsinyourownlanguagecanbestressfulenoughbutsomehowexamsinaforeignlanguagealwaysseemtocausemoreworryandanxiety.Well,thegoodnewsisthat,ifyou__51__somesimplesteps,takingEnglishlanguageexamscanbereallyquite__52__.Itwon’texactlybefun,butitcertainlyshouldn’tgiveyoutoomanyheadachesorsleeplessnights.

Ifyouareplanningto__53__oneofthewell-knownexamssuchasCambridgeFirstCertificate,youwillprobablyfindthatthere’sapreparationcourse__54__ataschoolnearyou.Checkthattheschoolhasagood__55__ofexamsuccessandthattheteacheris__56__.Itisagoodideatoaskifyouwillbegivenhomeworkand__57__yourwrittenworkwillbemarkedbyateacherwhoknowsthelevelofEnglish__58__bytheexam.

Ifyoutakeanexampreparationcourse,yourteacherwillgiveyoualltheinformationyouneedandyouwillfindthat__59__inaclasshelpsyoutostudymoreeffectively.Butyouwillstillneedto__60__inalotofworkyourself(afterall,theteachercan’ttaketheexamforyou!).

问题1选项

A.mind

B.walk

C.follow

D.keep

问题2选项

A.fascinating

B.painless

C.enjoyable

D.marvelous

问题3选项

A.have

B.prepare

C.participate

D.take

问题4选项

A.possible

B.available

C.offering

D.existing

问题5选项

A.management

B.foundation

C.expectation

D.record

问题6选项

A.experience

B.experiencing

C.experienced

D.experiences

问题7选项

A.how

B.that

C.what

D.whether

问题8选项

A.required

B.determined

C.corresponded

D.accorded

问题9选项

A.going

B.coming

C.being

D.getting

问题10选项

A.put

B.act

C.sit

D.give

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:D

第8题:A

第9题:C

第10题:A

【解析】51.考查动宾搭配。空格出为本句谓语动词，与其搭配的宾语为somesimplesteps“一些简单的步骤”。句意：如果你____一些简单的步骤……。A选项mind“介意；专心于”；B选项walk“走路”；C选项follow“跟随；遵循”；D选项keep“保持”。在这四个选项中，C选项follow“跟随；遵循”常与步骤搭配。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

52.考查句间逻辑中的转折关系与语义衔接。前文examsinyourownlanguagecanbestressfulenoughbutsomehowexamsinaforeignlanguagealwaysseemtocausemoreworryandanxiety.（用母语考试可能已经够有压力了，但不知怎么的，用外语考试似乎总是会引起更多的担忧和焦虑。）根据句意，参加外语考试令人担忧和焦虑，是不好的一点；而本题所在句Well,thegoodnewsisthat,ifyoufollowsomesimplesteps,takingEnglishlanguageexamscanbereallyquite__52__.（好消息是，如果你遵循一些简单的步骤，参加英语语言考试真的很____。）根据句意，这一句讲的是好消息，两句句意之间存在明显的转折关系，由此推断空格处应该填一个积极意义的词，其词义应与上文“担忧和焦虑”相反，由此可排除A选项fascinating“迷人的，吸引人的”、D选项marvelous“非凡的”。C选项enjoyable“快乐的”，虽然意义也与“担忧和焦虑”相反，但是太过了，“遵循一定的步骤”会减少担忧和焦虑，但还不至于说让人快乐和享受，相比之下，B选项painless“无痛的，不痛苦的”更符合语境。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

53.考查动宾搭配。原文空格处动词，其宾语为exam“考试”，句意：如果你打算____一个知名的考试的话……。A选项have“有”；B选项prepare“（~for）准备”；C选项participate“（~in）参加”；D选项take“参加（考试）”。参加考试的固定搭配是takeanexam，D选项符合题意。A选项“有一个考试”，强调的是客观上存在一个考试要参加，而本句要表达的是主观上要去参加一个考试，该选项不符合语境，排除；B、C选项缺少必要的介词，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

54.考查修饰语与被修饰语之间的搭配。原文空格处为修饰语，其被修饰语为apreparationcourse，句意：在附近的学校有____准备考试的课程。A选项possible“可能的”；B选项available“可获得的”；C选项offerin