考研考博-英语-兰州财经大学考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兰州财经大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

IfMr.Bassettfailsagain,theopponentswilldriveahardbargainforcooperationwiththeUnion.

问题1选项

A.discount

B.plunge

C.negotiation

D.registration

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。bargain表示“交易，便宜货”；A项discount“折扣”，B项plunge“突然跌落，骤降”，C项negotiation“谈判”，D项registration“登记，注册”。句意：如果巴西特再次失败，反对派将为与工会合作而讨价还价。根据句意可知，只有C项意思与之相近，故该题选择C项正确。

2.单选题

Livinginthedesertinvolvesalotofproblems,（

）watershortageistheworst.

问题1选项

A.nottomention

B.ofwhich

C.letalone

D.forwhat

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。由固定搭配shortageof（缺少）可知此处将介词of提前，which指代前面句中的problems。

句意：住在沙漠里有很多问题，最严重的问题是缺少水。

3.单选题

AbrahamLincolnturns200thisyear,andhe’sbeginningtoshowhisage.Whenhisbirthdayarrives,onFebruary12,CongresswillholdaspecialjointsessionintheCapitol’sNationalStatuaryHall,awreathwillbelaidatthegreatmemorialinWashington,andawebcastwilllinkschoolclassroomsfora"teach-in"honoringhismemory.

Admirableastheyare,though,theeventswillstrikemanyofusLincolnfansasinadequate,evenhalfhearted-andanothersignthatourappreciationforthe16thpresidentandhistoweringachievementsisslippingaway.Andyoudon'thavetobeaLincolnenthusiasttobelievethatthisissomethingwecan’taffordtolose.

Comparethisyear’scelebrationwiththeLincolncentennial,in1909,thatyear,Lincoln'slikenessmadeitsdebutonthepenny,thankstoapprovalfromtheU.S.SecretaryoftheTreasury.Communitiesandcivicassociationsineverycomerofthecountryeruptedinparades,concerts,balls,lectures,andmilitarydisplays.Westillfeeltheeffectstoday:Themomentumunloosedin1909ledtotheLincolnMemorial,openedin1922,andtheLincolnHighway,thefirstpavedtranscontinentalthoroughfare.

Thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday.Lincoln’spresidencywasstillalivingmemoryforcountlessAmericans.In2009wearefartherintimefromtheendoftheSecondWorldWarthantheywerefromtheCivilWar;familiesstillfeltthelossoflovedonesfromthatawfiilnationaltrauma.

ButAmericansin1909hadsomethingmore:anunembarrassedappreciationforheroesandanacutesenseofthewaythatevenLong-deadhistoricalfigurespressinonthepresentandmakeuswhoweare.

OnestorywillillustratewhatI'mtalkingabout.

In2003agroupoflocalcitizensarrangedtoplaceastatueofLincolninRichmond,Virginia,formercapitaloftheConfederacy.Theideatouchedoffafirestormofcontroversy.TheSonsofConfederateVeteransheldapublicconferenceofcarefullyselectedscholarsto"reassess"thelegacyofLincoln.Theverdict-nosurprise-wasnegative:Lincolnwaslabeledeverythingfromaracisttotalitariantoatellerofdirtyjokes.

Icoveredtheconferenceasareporter,butwhatreallyunnervedmewasacounter-conferenceofscholarstorefutetheearlierone.ThesescholarsdrewapictureofLincolnthatonlyourtouchy-fellyagecouldconjureup.Themanwhooversawthemostsavagewarinourhistorywasdescribed-byhisadmirers,remember-as“nonjudgmental.”“Unmoralistic.”“Comfortablewithambiguity”

IfeltthewayafriendofminefeltaswelaterwatchedtheunveilingoftheRichmondstatueinasubduedceremony:“Buthe’ssosmall’

ThestatueinRichmondwasindeedsmall;likenearlyeveryLincolnstatueputupinthepasthalfcentury,itwaslife-sizeandwasplacedatgroundlevel,aconsciousrejectionoftheheroic-approachableandhuman,yes,butnotsomethingtolookupto.

TheRichmondepisodetaughtmethatAmericanshavelostthelanguagetoexplainLincoln’sgreatnesseventoourselves.EarliergenerationssaidtheywantedtheirchildrentobelikeLincoln:principled,kind,

Compassionate,resolute.TodaywewantLincolntobelikeus.

HishelpstoexplainthelongstringofrecentbooksinwhichwritershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage.We'vehadLincolnashumoristandLincolnasmanic-depressive,Lincolnthebusinesssage,theconservativeLincolnandtheliberalLincolntheemancipatorandtheracistthestoicphilosopher,theChristian.Theatheist-LincolnovereasyandLincolnscrambled.

What'softenmissing,though,isthetimelessLincoln,theLincolnwhomallgenerations,ourownnolessthanthatof1909,canlayclaimto.Luckyforus,thosememorializesfromacenturyago—andthroughthem.Lincolnhimself-haveleftusahintofwheretofindhim.

TheLincolnMemorialisthemostvisitedofourpresidentialmonuments.HereiswherewefindtheLincolnwhoendures:inthewordsheleftus,definingthecountrywe'veinherited.HereistheLincolnwhocanbeendlesslyrenewedandwho,200yearsafterhisbirth,retainsthepowertorenewus.

1.Theauthorthinksthatthisyear’scelebrationisinadequateandevenhalfheartedbecause（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatreallymakesthe1909celebrationsdifferentfromthisyear's?

3.Intheauthor'sopinionthecounter-conference（

）

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theimageofLincolnconceivedbycontemporarypeople（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheimplicationofthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.noLincolnstatuewillbeunveiled.

B.nomemorialcoinswillbeissued.

C.nosimilarappreciationofLincolnwillbeseen.

D.noactivitiescanbecomparedtothosein1909.

问题2选项

A.Respectforgreatpeopleandtheirinfluence.

B.Varietyandmagnitudeofcelebrationactivities.

C.StructuresconstructedinmemoryofLincoln.

D.TemporalproximitytoLincoln’spresidency.

问题3选项

A.rectifiedthejudgmentbythosecarefullyselectedscholars.

B.offeredabrandnewreassessmentperspective.

C.cameupwithsomewhatfavorableconclusions.

D.resultedinsimilardisparagingremarksonLincoln.

问题4选项

A.conformstotraditionalimages.

B.reflectsthepresent-daytendencyofworship.

C.showsthepresent-daydesiretoemulateLincoln.

D.revealsthevarietyofcurrentopinionsonheroes.

问题5选项

A.Lincoln’sgreatnessremainsdespitethepassageoftime.

B.Thememorialissymbolicofthegreatman’sachievements.

C.EachgenerationhasitsowninterpretationofLincoln.

D.PeoplegettoknowLincolnthroughmemorializers.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.推断题。根据题干定位至第二段,接下来一段将今年的庆祝活动与1909年100年纪念的时候相比较”。也就是200周年的纪念一点都比不上1909年的。A和B项都含在了D项中，C项不客观。

2.细节题。今年和1909年纪念活动的区别深层次的原因，出现在第四、第五段中：第4段第一句：thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday;第5段第一句：ButAmericansin1909hadsomethingmore.可以看出现今的人所缺少的inspirations和somethingmore即A选项中提到的“对伟人和他们的影响的尊敬”。

3.细节题。根据题干定位至第8段:令作者更加失望的是随后针对该批判会展开的学者会议。这一会议把林肯描述成了“不急于下判断、不道德、模棱两可”。

4.推断题。倒数第二段中指出:writershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage(各路作家们呈现出了以他们的想法创造出来的林肯),因此D项(林肯在人们心目中各不相同)正确。

5.推断题。在倒数第二段中列出了林肯在世人的各种形象后，作者说缺少一个timelessLincoln（永恒的林肯）,因此推测A项Lincoln'sgreatnessremainsdespitethepassageoftime(林肯的伟大不随着时间的消逝而消失)比较符合作者暗含的意思。

4.单选题

Icouldn'thavegottothemeetingontime（）anearliertrain.

问题1选项

A.ifIhadnotcaught

B.unlessIhadcaught

C.ifIdidnotcatch

D.unlessIcaught

【答案】A

【解析】句意:要是我没有赶上早一班火车，我就不可能及时到会了。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。此句是一个虚拟语气的条件句，主句是现在完成时，因此，从句的时态应该排除C和D项。虚拟语气的条件句中,常常用if来表示“如果”,而不用unless,因此选A.。

5.单选题

Beefcattle______ofalllivestockforeconomicgrowthinthecertaingeographicregions.

问题1选项

A.themostareimportant

B.arethemostimportant

C.isthemostimportant

D.thataremostimportant

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子成分。句意：在某些地区，肉牛是经济增长最重要的牲畜。根据题目和选项确定句子结构为主语+系动词+表语结构，所以用be动词；根据cattle是集合名词确定用复数形式；根据形容词最高级结构为themost+adj.确定用themostimportant，所以B选项arethemostimportant符合题意。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Acarefuldailyreadingofthenewspaperwill（

）thereaderastowhatishappening.

问题1选项

A.acquaint

B.advise

C.enlighten

D.appreciate

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。acquaint“使了解，使熟知”；advise“劝告”；enlighten“启发，开导”；appreciate“欣赏，赏识”。句意：每天仔细阅读报纸能启发读者，使他们知道正在发生的事情。选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

We’reinthemiddleofanepicbattleforpowerincyberspace.Ononesidearethetraditional,organized,institutionalpowerssuchasgovernmentsandlargemultinationalcorporations.Ontheotherarethedistributed:grassrootsmovements,dissidentgroups,hackers,andcriminals.Initially，theInternetempoweredthelatter.Itgavethemaplacetocoordinateandcommunicateefficiently,andmadethemseeminvincible.Butnow,themoretraditionalinstitutionalpowersarewinning,andwinningbig.Howthesetwosidesfareinthelongterm,andthefateoftherestofuswhodon’tfallintoeithergroup,isanopenquestion—andonevitallyimportanttothefutureoftheInternet.

IntheInternet’searlydays,therewasalotoftalkaboutits“naturallaws”一howitwouldtransformtraditionalpowerblocks,empowerthemasses,andspreadfreedomthroughouttheworld.TheinternationalnatureoftheInternetcircumventednationallaws.Anonymitywaseasy.Censorshipwasimpossible.Policewerecluelessaboutcybercrime.Andbiggerchangesseemedinevitable.Digitalcashwouldunderminenationalsovereignty.Citizenjournalismwouldtoppletraditionalmedia,corporatePR,andpoliticalparties.Theeaseofdigitalcopyingwoulddestroythetraditionalmovieandmusicindustries.Webmarketingwouldalloweventhesmallestcompaniestocompeteagainstcorporategiants.Itreallywouldbeanewworldorder.

Thiswasautopianvision,butsomeofitdidcometopass.Internetmarketinghastransformedcommerce.TheentertainmentindustrieshavebeentransformedbythingslikeMySpaceandYouTube,andarenowmoreopentooutsiders.Massmediahaschangeddramatically,andsomeofthemostinfluentialpeopleinthemediahavecomefromthebloggingworld.Therearenewwaystoorganizepoliticallyandrunelections.FacebookandTwitterreallydidhelpdisruptgovernments.

ButthatisjustonesideoftheInternet’sdisruptivecharacter.TheInternethasemboldenedtraditionalpoweraswell.

Onthecorporateside,powerisbeingconsolidated,aresultoftwocurrenttrendsincomputing.First,theriseofcloudcomputingmeansthatwenolongerhavecontrolofourdata.Andsecond,weareincreasinglyaccessingourdatausingdevicesthatwehavemuchlesscontrolover：iPhones,iPads,Androidphones,Kindles,ChromeBooks.Unliketraditionaloperatingsystems,thesedevicesarecontrolledmuchmoretightlybythevendors,wholimitwhatsoftwarecanberun,whattheycando,howthey’reupdated.

1.IntheInternetbattle,thegrassrootsmovement（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor，inthefutureakeyInternetissuewillbe

（

）.

3.“Naturallaws”refersto

（

）.

4.LackofsurveillanceovertheInternetwouldlikely

（

）.

5.Onlinemediahas

（

）.

6.Wenowhavelesscontroloverthedataweusebecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.experiencedanepicfailure

B.graduallybecameinvincible

C.previouslybeatinstitutionalforces

D.distributedpowertodissidentgroups

问题2选项

A.whichsidehasthetechnologicalresources

B.whathappenstothosewhoremainneutral

C.whichsideisgoodatcommunications

D.whatfinancialresourcesareavailable

问题3选项

A.thefastexpansionofInternet

B.thetraditionalpowerstructure

C.nationallawstoregulatetheInternet

D.lackofcontrolontheInternet

问题4选项

A.strengthennationalsecurity

B.devastatethetraditionalfilmindustry

C.providemoreinformationtothepolice

D.handicapthedevelopmentofsmallcompanies

问题5选项

A.madetheutopianvisionimpossible

B.wonmoresupportforthegovernment

C.madesomeordinarypeoplebecomefamous

D.excludedoutsidersfromtheentertainmentindustries

问题6选项

A.cloudcomputingishighlyconfusing

B.thereisnolimittoupdatingsoftware

C.corporategiantsareinadominantposition

D.itisdifficulttoassessdatainelectronicdevices

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:C

【解析】1.细节推断题。根据题干关键词“Internetbattle”“grassrootsmovement”，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“...theInternetempoweredthelatter.Itgavethemaplacetocoordinateandcommunicateefficiently,andmadethemseeminvincible.（互联网赋予了后者力量。这给了他们一个有效协调和沟通的地方，让他们看起来不可战胜。）”即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

2.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“andthefateoftherestofuswhodon’tfallintoeithergroup,isanopenquestion—andonevitallyimportanttothefutureoftheInternet（而我们这些不属于这两类人的其他人的命运，是一个公开的问题，对互联网的未来至关重要）”即可得出本题答案。

3.细节推断题。根据题干关键词“Naturallaws”，可将信息点定位在原文第二段。根据“Anonymitywaseasy.Censorshipwasimpossible.Policewerecluelessaboutcybercrime.（匿名很容易。审查制度是不可能的。警方对网络犯罪一无所知）”即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

4.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据“…digitalcopyingwoulddestroythetraditionalmovieandmusicindustries（数字复制将摧毁传统的电影和音乐产业）”即可得出本题答案。

5.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第三段。根据“Massmediahaschangeddramatically,andsomeofthemostinfluentialpeopleinthemediahavecomefromthebloggingworld.（大众媒体发生了巨大的变化，媒体中一些最有影响力的人来自博客世界。）”即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

6.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据“...weareincreasinglyaccessingourdatausingdevicesthatwehavemuchlesscontrolover...thesedevicesarecontrolledmuchmoretightlybythevendors...（我们越来越多地使用我们无法控制的设备来访问我们的数据。供应商对这些设备的控制要严格得多。）”,即可得出本题答案。

8.单选题

InChinaalthoughpeopleinmanyregionsearnmuchlessthanthoseinprosperousregions,theyalsopaymuchlessfor______commodities,suchashousing.

问题1选项

A.disposable

B.redundant

C.equivalent

D.interchangeable

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。A选项disposable“一次性的；可自由支配的”；B选项redundant“多余的”；C选项equivalent“（价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的，相同的”；D选项interchangeable“可交换的，可互换的”。句意：在中国，尽管许多地区的人们比富裕地区的人挣得少得多，但他们在______商品上的花费也少得多，比如住房。根据语境，住房对于钱多和钱少的人重要性相同，C选项equivalent“（价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的，相同的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

Wedon't（

）anydifficultiesincompletingtheprojectsolongaswekeepwithinourbudget.

问题1选项

A.foresee

B.fabricate

C.infer

D.inhibit

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项foresee“预见；预知”；B选项fabricate“制造；伪造；装配”；C选项infer“推断；推论”；D选项inhibit“抑制；禁止”。句意：只要我们不超出预算，我们就无法……完成这个项目就没有什么困难。完成项目的困难在于预算不够，不超预算则不应有困难，也就是现在“看不到有什么困难”，因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Mr.Leveeis（）disabledduetoaterribletrafficaccidentandnothingcancompensateforhisphysicaldefects.

问题1选项

A.momentarily

B.occasionally

C.permanently

D.accidentally

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项momentarily“随时地，暂时地”；B选项occasionally“偶尔，间或”；C选项permanently“永久地，永远地”；D选项accidentally“意外地，偶然地”。句意：李维先生因一场可怕的交通事故导致终生残疾，没有什么能弥补他的身体缺陷。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。

11.单选题

Bothversionsofthemyth一theWestasaplaceofescapefromsocietyandtheWestasastageonwhichthemoralconflictsconfrontingsocietycouldbeplayedout—figuredprominentlyinthehistoriesandessaysofyoungTheodoreRoosevelt，thepaintingsandsculpturesofartistFredericRemington,andtheshortstoriesandnovelsofwriterOwenWister.ThesethreeyoungmembersoftheeasternestablishmentspentmuchtimeintheWestinthe1880s,andeachwasintenselyaffectedbytheadventure.Allthreehadfeltthwartedbytheconstraintsandenervatinginfluenceofthegenteelurbanworldinwhichtheyhadgrownup,andeachwentWesttoexperiencethephysicalchallengesandmoralsimplicitiesextolledinthedimenovels.WhenRooseveltarrivedin1884attheranchhehadpurchasedintheDakotaBadlands,heatonceboughtaleatherscout’suniform,completewithfringedsleevesandleggings.

EachmanalsofoundintheWestpreciselywhathewaslookingfor.ThefrontierthatRooseveltglorifiedinsuchbooksasTheWinningoftheWest(fourvolumes,1889-1896),andthattheprolificRemingtonportrayedinhiswork,wasastarkphysicalandmoralenvironmentthatstrippedawayallsocialartificeandtestedanindividual’strueabilityandcharacter.DrawingonapopularversionofEnglishscientistCharlesDarwin’sevolutionarytheory,whichcharacterizedlifeasastruggleinwhichonlythefittestandhastsurvived,RooseveltandRemingtonexaltedthedisappearingfrontierasthelastoutpostofanhonestandtruesocialorder.

ThisversionofthefrontiermythreacheditsapogeeinOwenWister’senormouslypopularnovelTheVirginian(1902)，laterreincarnatedasa1929GaryCoopermovieanda1960stelevisionseries.InWister’staletheelemental,physicalandsocialenvironmentoftheGreatPlainsproducesindividualslikehisunnamedcowboyhero,“theVirginian”，anhonest,strong,andcompassionateman,quicktohelptheweakandfightthewicked.TheVirginianisoneofnature’saristocrats—ill-educatedandunsophisticatedbutuptight,steady,anddeeplymoral.TheVirginiansumsuphisownmoralcodeindescribinghisviewofGod’sjustice:“Heplaysasquaregamewithus.”ForWister,asforRooseveltandRemington,thecowboywastheChristianknightonthePlains,indifferenttomaterialgainasheheldvirtue,pursuedjustice,andattackedevil.

Needlesstosay,thewesternmythinallitsformswasfarremovedfromtheactualrealityoftheWest.CriticsdelightedinpointingoutthatnoonesceneinTheVirginianactuallyshowedthehardphysicallaborofthecattlerange.TheidealizedversionoftheWestalsoglossedoverthedarkerundersideoffrontierexpansion—thebrutalitiesofIndianwarfare,theforcedremovaloftheIndianstoreservations,theracistdiscriminationagainstMexican-Americansandblacks,therisksandperilsofcommercialagricultureandcattlegrowing,andtheboom-and-bustmentalityrootedintheselfishexploitationofnaturalresources.

1.WhichofthefollowingisprobablythemainreasonfortheauthortomentionTheodoreRoosevelt,FredericRemingtonandOwenWister?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesTheVirginian？

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthemythoftheWestis

NOTtrue?

4.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingthepassageis（）

5.WhatisprobablythereasonforpeopletomakeupalegendaryWest?

问题1选项

A.Theyglorifiedthefrontierlife.

B.Theywereconstrainedbythegenteelurbanworld.

C.TheyspentmuchtimeintheWest.

D.Theywerefamousmembersoftheeasternestablishment.

问题2选项

A.ItisthebestWesternmovieevermadeinHollywood.

B.ItisapopularnovelwrittenbyOwnWisterandTheodoreRoosevelt.

C.Itgivesanaccuratedepictionofthefrontierexperience.

D.ItisoneofthemostsuccessfulbooksabouttheWest.

问题3选项

A.Inoneidealizedview,theWestwasaplaceonecanescapefromsocietyanditspressures.

B.Inoneversionofthemyth,westernfrontiersmanwasdepictedasafiguredeeplyimmersedinsocietyanditsconcerto.

C.Somewritersportrayedthewesternwildernessasasimpleandinnocentsociety.

D.TheextremehardshipofthefrontierlifeisonepowerfulthemeofthelegendaryWest.

问题4选项

A.toperpetuatethemythabouttheWest

B.tointroducethefamouswritersandpaintersoftheWest

C.todistinguishthemythoftheWestandtheactualreality

D.topresentthebrutalitiesofIndianwarfare

问题5选项

A.Theylikedtomakeupstories.

B.Theybelievedwhattheyportrayedweretheactualreality.

C.TheyclungtothemythoftheWestasanuncomplicated,untaintedEdenofsocialsimplicity,andmoralclarityinaneraofunsettlingsocialtransformation.

D.TheywantedtomakeprofitbyluringpeopletotheWest.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节题。题干：下面哪一个可能是作者提到TheodoreRoosevelt、FredericRemington和OwenWister的主要原因？由关键词定位到文章第一段第一句。文中提到，这三人都是传扬西部神话的作家和艺术家，他们的作品都对西部进行了美化。因此A选项符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：下面哪个陈述最能描述《弗吉尼亚人》？TheVirginian出现在第三段第一句。A选项的bestWesternmovie与原文“a1929…moive”不符合；文中没有提到TheodoreRoosevelt与小说有关，所以排除B选项；C选项的thefrontierexperience与“thefrontiermyth”不符合，因此排除C选项。这本书成功塑造了西部神话，是最成功的关于西部的书之一，因此D选项符合题意。

3.判断推理题。题干：根据这篇文章，下列哪个关于西方神话的陈述是不正确的？选项A对应本文第一段第一句“”；B选项对应第三段第二句；C选项对应第二段第二句；最后一段提到，《弗吉尼亚人》没有提到theextremehardship，因此D是不对的。

4.主旨题。题干：作者写这篇文章的主要目的是______。全文讲述了西部神话的发展历程和成功，也说到了西部神话和西部现实之间的区别。不是介绍著名西部作家和艺术家，因此排除B选项。文章只有最后提到了部分D选项的内容，不能代表主旨。因此C选项符合题意。

5.判断推理题。题干：人们为什么要组成一个传奇的西部？文章第二段提到，人们在西部找到了自己正在追寻的事物。在混乱的社会转型时代，西部被认为是纯粹且未受污染的伊甸园。因此C选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Mostpeopleleftandthe（）satdowntowait.

问题1选项

A.remnants

B.remedy

C.remains

D.remainder

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项remnants“残余；残留物”；B选项remedy“补救；解决办法”；C选项remains“残余物；剩饭菜”；D选项remainder“残余；剩余物”。句意：大部分人都离开了，……坐着等。remnants一般是指残余部分、残迹。remains一般是指古迹，遗迹；遗骸等。句中的主语是人，大部分都走了，还有一部分剩下的人坐着等。remainder做名词时侧重于人和钱的剩余。因此D选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Notuntilthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies（）asaunifiedscience.

问题1选项

A.didecologyemerge

B.whenecologyemerged

C.ecologyemerged

D.whendidecologyemerge

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒装结构。当notuntil放句首时，句子要部分倒装。故A项正确。句意：直到19世纪末20世纪初，生态学才作为统一的科学出现。

14.单选题

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatisitbecausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessingandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak,theU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneoftheprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotiveassemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexamininghousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry'swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducationhowever,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn'tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries（）.

2.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.S.workforcesisthat（）.

3.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestortoshowthateducationemerged（）.

4.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation（）.

问题1选项

A.isconventionaldowngraded

B.hasbeenoverestimated

C.issubjecttogroundlessdoubts

D.hasfallenvictimofbias

问题2选项

A.theU.S.workforceismoreorganize

B.theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive

C.theU.S.workforcehasabettereducation

D.theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined

问题3选项

A.asaresultofpressureongovernment

B.whenpeoplenolongerwenthungry

C.C.priortobetterwaysoffindingfood

D.whenpeoplehadenoughtime

问题4选项

A.followedimprovedproductivity

B.doesnotdependoneconomicperformance

C.resultsdirectlyfromthecompetitiveenvironments

D.cannotaffordpoliticalchanges

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者在第一段中认为教育在贫穷国家的重要性……”。文章第一段第二句后半句提到“传统观点认为教育应该是促进贫穷国家经济快速发展的最高优先事项之一，这种观点是错误的”(however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong)，由此可知贫穷国家教育的重要性被高估了，因此选项B符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“日本和美国劳动力的一个主要区别是什么？”文章第二段最后提到研究表明丰田、尼桑和本田位于美国的工厂的生产率大约是日本同行的95%（YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts），由此可以推测出日本的生产率比美国的要高，因此选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者引用我们祖先的例子来说明教育的出现……”。文章第四段第二句话提到“我们怀疑，即使政府不强迫，持续的经济增长也会促进教育的发展”(Wehavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit)；当我们的祖先还在狩猎和采集的时候，除了寻找食物，他们没有时间去思考其他的事情，由此可知教育之所以出现，是因为不需要去担心食物的问题，选项B“人们不再挨饿”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章最后一段可知教育的发展……”。文章最后一段的第一句提到随着教育的进步，人类的生产潜力也增加了(Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell),选项A“伴随生产力的提升”符合题意。

15.单选题

Modernformsoftransportationandcommunicationhavedonemuchto（

）theisolationoflifeinAlaska.

问题1选项

A.breakthrough

B.breakdown

C.breakinto

D.breakout

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A项breakthrough表示“突破，突围”；B项breakdown表示“打破；出故障”；C项breakinto表示“闯入”；D项breakout表示“突发，爆发”。根据Modernformsoftransportationandcommunication以及isolation可知，句意应为现代交通运输和通信方式非常有利于打破阿拉斯加生活的闭塞，因此本题正确答案为B项。

16.单选题

Thelawondrinkinganddrivingis（

）stated.

问题1选项

A.extravagantly

B.empirically

C.exceptionally

D.explicitly

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近义异词义辨析。extravagantly“挥霍无度地”；empirically“以经验为主地”；exceptionally“特殊地，例外地”；explicitly“明确地，明白地”。句子意思为：法律对饮酒和驾驶是有明确规定的。选项D符合题意。

17.单选题

Aconditionisanessentialtermofthecontract.Ifacontractisnotperformed,itmayconstituteasubstantialbreachofcontractandallowtheotherpartyto（

）thecontract,thatis,treatthecontractasdischargedorterminated.

问题1选项

A.repudiate

B.spurn

C.decline

D.halt

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项repudiate“拒绝，拒不履行（法律）；否定”；B选项spurn“摈弃；藐视”；C选项decline“谢绝；下降；衰落”；D选项halt“停止；踌躇”。句意：条件是合同的一个重要条款。如果合同不履行，就可能构成对合同的实质性违约，并允许另一方……合同，即将合同视为解除或终止。因此A选项符合题意。

18.单选题

Thedoctorprescribedaplaceboforthe（

）imaginarydisease.

问题1选项

A.agoraphobic’s

B.intern’s

C.hypochondriac’s

D.psychotic’s

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项agorapho