考研考博-英语-吕梁学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吕梁学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Ironically,theintellectualtoolscurrentlybeingusedbythepoliticalrighttosuchharmfuleffectoriginatedontheacademicleft.Inthe1960sand1970saphilosophicalmovementcalledpostmodernismdevelopedamonghumanitiesprofessors（1）beingdeposedbyscience,whichtheyregardedasright-leaning.Postmodernism（2）ideasfromculturalanthropologyandrelativitytheorytoarguethattruthis（3）andsubjecttotheassumptionsandprejudicesoftheobserver.Scienceisjustoneofmanywaysofknowing,theyargued,neithermorenorless（4）thanothers,likethoseofAborigines,NativeAmericansorwomen.（5），theydefinedscienceasthewayofknowingamongWesternwhitemenandatoolofcultural（6）.Thisargument（7）withmanyfeministsandcivil-rightsactivistsandbecamewidelyadopted,leadingtothe“politicalcorrectness”justifiably（8）byRushLimbaughandthe“mentalmasturbation”lampoonedbyWoodyAllen.

Acceptanceofthisrelativisticworldview（9）democracyandleadsnottotolerancebuttoauthoritarianism.JohnLocke,oneofJefferson’s“trinityofthreegreatestmen,”showed（10）almostthreecenturiesago.LockewatchedthearguingfactionsofProtestantism,eachclaimingtobetheonetruereligion,andasked:Howdoweknowsomethingtobetrue?Whatisthebasisofknowledge?In1689he（11）whatknowledgeisandhowitisgroundedinobservationsofthephysicalworldinAnEssayConcerningHumanUnderstanding.Anyclaimthatfailsthistestis“butfaith,oropinion,butnotknowledge.”Itwasthisidea—thattheworldisknowableandthatobjective,empiricalknowledgeisthemost（12）basisforpublicpolicythatstoodasJefferson’sfoundationalargumentfordemocracy.

Byfalsely（13）knowledgewithopinion,postmodernistsandantiscienceconservativesalikecollapseourthinkingbacktoapre-Enlightenmentera,leavingnocommonbasisforpublicpolicy.Publicdiscourseis（14）toendlesswaningopinions,noneseenasmorevalidthananother.Policyisdeterminedbytheloudestvoices,reducingustoaworldinwhichmight（15）right—thedefinitionofauthoritarianism.

问题1选项

A.satisfiedwith

B.angrywith

C.displeasedat

D.proudof

问题2选项

A.discounted

B.doubted

C.adopted

D.shared

问题3选项

A.objective

B.subjective

C.cultural

D.relative

问题4选项

A.variable

B.valid

C.valuable

D.various

问题5选项

A.However

B.Therefore

C.Otherwise

D.Furthermore

问题6选项

A.assimilation

B.inhibition

C.representation

D.oppression

问题7选项

A.resonated

B.agreed

C.appealed

D.responded

问题8选项

A.liked

B.approved

C.verified

D.hated

问题9选项

A.offsets

B.produces

C.undermines

D.strengthens

问题10选项

A.when

B.what

C.why

D.which

问题11选项

A.found

B.defined

C.dictated

D.claimed

问题12选项

A.practical

B.equal

C.useful

D.equitable

问题13选项

A.identifying

B.equipping

C.equating

D.confusing

问题14选项

A.deduced

B.introduced

C.conduced

D.reduced

问题15选项

A.decides

B.causes

C.makes

D.creates

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:C

第10题:C

第11题:B

第12题:D

第13题:C

第14题:D

第15题:C

【解析】（1）考查形容词辨析。Satisfiedwith“对……感到满意”；angrywith“生某人的气”；displeasedat“使……不快”；proudof“为……而感到骄傲”。句意：在20世纪60年代和70年代，一场名为后现代主义的哲学运动在人文学科教授中兴起，这些教授被他们认为是右倾的科学驱之门外，他们感到非常不满。因此选项C符合题意。

（2）考查动词辨析。discount“打折扣；低估；忽视”；doubt“怀疑”；adopt“采取；过继”；share“共享，分担”。Postmodernism后现代主义与ideas想法之间缺少的动词选择“采纳、采取”更合适。句意：后现代主义采纳了来自文化人类学和相对论的思想……因此选项C符合题意。

（3）考查形容词辨析。objective“客观的”；subjective“主观的”；cultural“文化的”；relative“相对的”。空格处后面的并列连词and用来连接truth的两个属性：其中一个是subjectto受制于，为符合语义应选填relative。因此D选项符合题意。

（4）考查形容词辨析。variable“易变的，多变的”；valid“有效的，合法的”；valuable“有价值的”；various“各种各样的”。句意：他们认为，科学只是众多认知方式中的一种，并不比其他方式多或少……。按照上下文，只有valid“有效的”符合，因此B选项符合题意。

（5）考查逻辑关系。however“然而”表转折关系；therefore“因此”表因果关系；otherwise“否则”表转折关系；furthermore“此外”表递进关系。前文说科学只是众多认知方式的一种，后文提到对科学的定义，由此可知前后文为递进关系，因此D选项符合题意。

（6）考查名词辨析。assimilation“同化”；inhibition“抑制”；representation“代表”；oppression“镇压”。前文中提到他们将科学定义为“白种人的认知方式”，可知这是一种“文化压迫“的工具。因此D选项符合题意。

（7）考查固定搭配。由后文中“广泛采用”可知，这一观点受到许多女权主义者与民权活动家的认同。agree应与by搭配才表示“受到某人认同”；而resonated与with搭配可以表示“得到回应，引申为“被认同”。因此A选项符合题意。

（8）考查动词辨析。like“喜欢，爱好”；approve“批准；赞成”；verify“核实，查证”；hate“憎恨，反感”。后文中的并列成分表示“这个运动受到WoodyAllen的讽刺”，可知空格处动词也表示否定的含义，选项中只有D选项符合题意。

（9）考查动词辨析。offset“抵消；补偿”；produce“生产；引起”；undermine“破坏”；strengthen“加强，巩固”。由后文中的authoritarianism独裁主义，可知会破坏民主，因此C选项符合题意

（10）考查语法知识。句意：接受这种相对主义的世界观会破坏民主，导致独裁主义。大约三世纪前，JohnLock展示了出现这种情况的原因。选项中只有C选项符合题意。

（11）考查动词辨析。Find“查找，找到”；define“定义；规定”；dictate“命令；口述”；claim“要求；声称”。空格后whatknowledgeisandhowitis…表明是在下定义，因此选项B符合题意。

（12）考查形容词辨析。practical“实际的，实用性的”；equal“平等的”；useful“有用的”；equitable“公平的”。句意：正是这种思想——世界是可知的，客观的，以经验为依据的只是是公共政策最……基础。前文强调民主，由此可推出：这一观点认为经验为依据的只是是制定公共政策最公正的基础。因此选项D符合题意。

（13）考查动词辨析。identify“确定；识别；equip“装备，配备”；equate“视为平等”；confuse“使混乱”。句意：错误地将知识……观点。因此选项C符合题意。

（14）考查形近动词辨析。deduce“推论；introduce“介绍；引进”；conduce“导致；有益”；reduce“减少；把……分解”。句意：公众话语权……无止境的敌对观点，没有哪一观点比其他观点更为有效。这句话表达出的是否定的意思。因此选项D符合题意。

（15）考查动词辨析。decide“决定”；cause“引起”；make“使得；成为……的原因”；create“创造”。破折号后表示“权势即代表正确的定义”。makeright“使正确”因此C选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Safetydevices（

）inpreventingaccidentsintheworkshop.

问题1选项

A.assist

B.assure

C.assemble

D.contribute

【答案】A

【解析】句意:安全设备有助于防止车间出事故。

考查动词辨析。Assist帮助,促进,assistindoingsth.协助做某事;assure保证,担保;assemble集合,聚集,装配;contribute贡献,出力。因此A符合句意。

3.单选题

Livinginthewesternpartofthecountryhasitsproblems,______obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleast.

问题1选项

A.ofwhich

B.which

C.withwhich

D.forwhich

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：生活在这个国家的西部有很多问题，其中获取淡水还不是小问题。横线到句尾是修饰problems的非限制性定语从句，语序还原为obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleastofproblems，A选项ofwhich符合题意。B选项which缺介词；C选项withwhich和D选项forwhich介词错误。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Thedefencelawyerwasquestioningtheoldmanwhowasoneofthe（）ofthemurdercommittedlastmonth.

问题1选项

A.witnesses

B.audiences

C.viewers

D.observers

【答案】A

【解析】句意：辩护律师正在询问上个月谋杀案的目击者之一的老人。witnesses表示目击者，符合句意。

5.单选题

Inthisfactory,suggestionsoftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforetheyarefully（

）.

问题1选项

A.admitted

B.acknowledged

C.absorbed

D.considered

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在这家工厂，建议往往要等几个月才能得到充分考虑。只有选项D符合句意。

6.翻译题

41.我们必须全面深化改革，以释放市场活力对冲经济下行压力。

42.尽管财政收入增速放缓，支出压力加大，但我们要坚持以人为本，持续增加民生投入。

43.在基础设施、公共事业等领域，应积极推广政府和社会资本合作模式。

44.我们要全面推进依法治国，加快建设法治政府、创新政府、廉洁政府和服务型政府。

45.中国节能环保市场潜力巨大，它可以成为新兴的支柱产业。

【答案】41.Inordertoinvigoratethemarkettooffsetdownwardeconomicpressure,wemustcomprehensivelydeepenreform.

42.Despitetheslowdowninthegrowthofgovernmentrevenueandincreasedpressureonexpenditures,wemustcontinuetoputpeoplefirst,sustainingincreasestospendinginareasthatareimportanttoimprovingstandardsofliving.

43.EffortsshouldbemadetopromotePublic-Private-Partnershipininfrastructure,publicutilitiesandotherareas.

44.Wewillfullypromotethelaw-basedgovernanceofthecountry;movemoreswiftlytobuildaninnovative,clean,service-orientedruleoflawgovernment.

45.ThereisenormouspotentialinChina’smarketforenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotection;energyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionindustrycandevelopintoanewpillaroftheeconomy.

7.翻译题

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.

Whileabsorbingtheoutstandingachievementsofforeigncultures,wecannotbesatisfiedwithsimpleimitation.Indulgenceinsimpleimitationwoulddepriveusofcreativitysothatwewillnotbeabletoachieveanewartisticsophisticationorpresentourownexcellentworkstotheworld.Simpleimitationcannotbeequatedtonewconceptionatall.Thelatterisacombinationofmodemandtraditionalstyle,acombinationofforeignnations’andourownnation’scharacteristics,andacombinationofartisticandeducationalquality.

Peaceanddevelopmentarethetwomainthemesoftheworldtoday.Maintainingglobalpeace,enhancingfriendshipandcooperation,andpromotingcommondevelopmentarethecommonaspirationsofallpeoples.Atpresent,worldwidestabilityanddevelopmentarethreatenedbysuchseriousproblemsaspoverty,unemployment,refugeeflows,crimes,populationexplosion,environmentaldegradation,drugabuse,andterrorism.Thoughdifferentintheirnationalconditions,Chinasaidwesterncountriessharebroadcommoninterestsonawiderangeofmajorinternationalissues.IamhappytoseetheimprovementandexpansionofChina’srelationswiththem.TheChineseGovernmentandpeoplestandreadytomakeacontributiontotheloftycauseofpeaceanddevelopmenttogetherwiththegovernmentsandpeoplesofallcountries,includingthoseofwesterncountries,onthebasisofmutualrespect,equalityandmutualbenefit.

【答案】在吸收外国文化的优秀成果时，我们不能满足于单纯的模仿。沉溺于单纯模仿会让我们失去创造力，致使我们无法达到一个新的艺术程度或向世界展示我们自己的优秀作品。单纯的模仿无法等同于新观念。后者是现代风格与传统风格的结合，是外国特色与本国特色的结合，是艺术素质与教育素质的结合。

和平与发展是当今世界的两大主题。维护世界和平、增进友谊与合作、促进共同发展是各国人民的共同愿望。当前，贫困、失业、难民流动、犯罪、人口爆炸、环境恶化、毒品泛滥、恐怖主义等严重问题威胁着世界的稳定和发展。中国表示，尽管西方各国国情不同，但在一系列重大国际问题上有着广泛的共同利益。我很高兴看到中国与他们的关系得到改善与发展。中国政府和人民愿在相互尊重、平等互利的基础上，同包括西方国家在内的各国政府和人民一道，为和平与发展的崇高事业做出贡献。

8.单选题

IdeasabouteducationarechangingintheUnitedStates.Educationtodayisnotjustahighschooldiplomaoracollegedegree.Manyadultsarenotinterestedingoingtocollege.Theyareinterestedinotherkindsoflearning.Forthem,learningdoesnotendwithadiploma.

Continuingeducationgivestheseadultstheopportunitytoincreasetheirknowledgeabouttheirownfieldortolearnaboutanewfield.Italsogivesthemachancetoimprovetheiroldskillsortolearnnewones.

Secretaries,mechanics,andbarberscantakeclassestoimprovetheirworkskills.Nursescantakeclassestoincreasetheirknowledgeofnursing.Iftheyknowmoreorlearnmore,thentheycangetabetterjoborearnmoremoney.

Continuingeducationclassesgivesomeadultsthechancetolearnnewskills.Thereisusuallyalargevarietyofclassestochoosefrom,typing,foreigncooking,photography,autorepair,furniturerepair,orswimming.Theseareonlysomeoftheclassesavailable.

Someadultstakeclassesforfunorbecausetheclasswillbeusefulforthem.Forexample,theycanchooseaclassinalmostanylanguage,Chinese,SpanishorEnglishasasecondlanguage.Thereareclassesinfirstaidorclassesinsewing.Therearealsomanyothertypesofclassestochoosefrom.

Otheradultstakecontinuingeducationclassestoimprovetheirownlivesbecausetheywanttofeelbetteraboutthemselves.Overweightpeoplecanfindexerciseclassesorclassesinnutrition.Otherscanlearnhowtobegoodparents,orhowtogetalongwithotherpeople.Therearemanyopportunitiesforadultstocontinuetheirlearning.Almostanycommunitycollegeorpublicschoolsystemhasacontinuingeducationprogram.Thereareclassesinschools,communitybuildings,orchurches.Mostclassesareintheevening,soworkingpeoplecanattend.Theclassesareusuallysmall,andtheyareinexpensive.

Thousandsofpeopleregisterforcontinuingeducationclasseseachyear.Theyreceivenodiplomaorcertificate,andnogradeformostoftheclassestheyattend.Forthem,learningissomethingtheydobecausetheywantto.

1.Lotsofpeopleattendcontinuingeducationclassesbecause（

）.

2.Someadultstakelessonsoftypingorautorepairto（

）.

3.What’sthemainideaofPara.7?

4.Attendingcontinuingeducationclasses（

）.

5.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.theycanalsogotochurchatthesametime

B.therearemanycoursestheycanchoosefrom

C.learningissomethingtheyareinterestedin

D.theclasseswillhelpthembecomemoreconfident

问题2选项

A.getacollegeeducation

B.learnnewskills

C.getacertificate

D.earngrades

问题3选项

A.Adultscancontinuetheirlearning.

B.Classesareheldforworkingpeople.

C.Mostcontinuingeducationclassesareintheevening.

D.Adultshavemanyopportunitiestocontinuetheirlearning.

问题4选项

A.isexpensive

B.requiresaloan

C.isfreeofcharge

D.doesnotcostmuchmoney

问题5选项

A.adulteducationisverypopular

B.collegeeducationisnotimportant

C.otherskindsoflearningaremoreimportantthanschoollearning

D.continuingeducationclassesteachthesamecoursesthataretaughtincolleges

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据文章第四段：Thereisusuallyalargevarietyofclassestochoosefrom...：有很多不同类型的课程可以选择。确定B选项‘有许多课程可供选择‘正确。A选项‘他们可以同时去教堂’，文章没有提及。根据文章第二段:Continuingeducationgivestheseadultstheopportunitytoincreasetheirknowledgeabouttheirownfieldortolearnaboutanewfield.继续教育给这些成年人有机会增加本领域的知识或了解一个新领域。并没有提及是新领域的东西就是他们所感兴趣的，所以C选项‘学习他们感兴趣的东西’排除。D选项‘课程有助于使他们更加自信’文章没有提及。

2.根据文章第一段：Manyadultsarenotinterestedingoingtocollege.Forthem,learningdoesnotendwithadiploma.许多成年人不再对大学感兴趣。对于他们来说，学习不仅仅意味着取得文凭。确定A选项‘获得大学教育‘和C选项‘获得文凭’与原文不符，排除。根据文章第三段：Iftheyknowmoreorlearnmore,thentheycangetabetterjoborearnmoremoney.如果他们知道的多或学到的多，他们就会找到更好的工作，挣到更多的钱。确定B选项‘学新技术‘正确。D选项‘提升等级’文章没有提及。

3.根据文章第七段：Therearemanyopportunitiesforadultstocontinuetheirlearning.继续学习的机会很多。这句话就是这段的主题句，所以D选项‘成年人继续学习机会很多‘正确。A选项’成年人可以继续学习‘不符合题意。B选项’各类班级是专门为职场人设计的‘和C选项’大多数断续教育班都在晚上开课。因为课程班大多在晚上开班，有利于职场人参加学习‘不符合题意。

4.根据文章第七段：Theclassesareusuallysmall,andtheyareinexpensive.班级规模一般较小，费用较低。确定D选项‘不需要太多钱‘正确。A选项‘昂贵的’、B选项‘需要贷款’、C选项‘免费’与原文不符，排除。

5.根据文章第一段：IdeasabouteducationarechangingintheUnitedStates.Educationtodayisnotjustahighschooldiplomaoracollegedegree.Manyadultsarenotinterestedingoingtocollege.Theyareinterestedinotherkindsoflearning.Forthem,learningdoesnotendwithadiploma.在美国，教育观念正在改变。今天，教育不仅仅是一张高中文凭或大学学历。许多成年人不再对大学感兴趣，他们感兴趣的是其他类型的学习。对于他们来说，学习不仅仅意味着取得文凭。再根据文章第二段Continuingeducationgivestheseadultstheopportunitytoincreasetheirknowledgeabouttheirownfieldortolearnaboutanewfield.Italsogivesthemachancetoimprovetheiroldskillsortolearnnewones.继续教育给这些成年人有机会增加本颂域知知识或了解一个新领域，同时也使他们有机会提高原有的技术和学习新的技术。确定A选项‘成人教育很受欢迎‘正确。B选项‘大学教育不重要’、C选项‘其它类型的学习比学校教育更重要’、和D选项‘继续教育班教授的课程与大学课程一样’原文都没有提及。

9.单选题

Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.

Herethereportsonhisfindings.

1.（

）

Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.

2.（

）

Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.

3.（

）

Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”

4.（

）

Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.

SectionE

Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.

Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphasesofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarealsousefulinrenewingthepolicyfornewpupils,orrevisingitinthelightofexperience.Butcurriculumworkalonemayonlyhaveshorttermeffects;itshouldbeanadditiontopolicywork,notasubstitute.

Therearealsowaysofworkingwithindividualpupils,orinsmallgroups.Assertivenesstrainingforpupilswhoareliabletobevictimsisworthwhile,andcertainapproachestogroupbullyingsuchas“noblame”,canbeusefulinchangingthebehaviourofbullyingpupilswithoutconfrontingthemdirectly,althoughothersanctionsmaybeneededforthosewhocontinuewithpersistentbullying.

Workintheplaygroundisimportant,too.Onehelpfulstepistotrainlunchtimesupervisorstodistinguishbullyingfromplayfulfighting,andhelpthembreakupconflicts.Anotherpossibilityistoimprovetheplaygroundenvironment,sothatpupilsarelesslikelytobeledintobullyingfromboredomorfrustration.

SectionF

Withthesedevelopments,schoolscanexpectthatatleastthemostseriouskindsofbullyingcanlargelybeprevented.Themoreeffortputinandthewiderthewholeschoolinvolvement,themoresubstantialtheresultsarelikelytobe.Thereductioninbullying—andtheconsequentimprovementinpupilhappiness—issurelyaworthwhileobjective.

ThepassagehassixsectionsA-F.ChoosethecorrectheadingforsectionsA-Dfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumber,I-VII,inboxes14-17onyouranswerSheet.

问题1选项

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

问题2选项

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

问题3选项

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

问题4选项

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:F

第3题:E

第4题:G

【解析】1.根据SectionA的主要内容，可知该段首先介绍了各种类型的欺凌，然后具体分析了英国小学的欺凌现象，可判断出整个段落的主要内容为：对英国学校欺凌现象的调查。选项Ⅳ符合题意。

2.根据SectionB第一句“Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide…”，欺凌是令人不愉快的，而且会让经历欺凌的孩子感到自卑和沮丧。在极端情况下，它甚至会导致自杀。下文继续提到了受到欺凌的小学生在成年后更容易遇到交际困难。可判断出本段主要提到欺凌对孩子们带来的影响。选项Ⅵ符合题意。

3.根据SectionC第二句“…schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.‘Thereisnobullyingatthisschool’hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.”，可知过去学校会否认学校欺凌这个问题，声称学校没有欺凌事件。下文继续提到学校的态度发生了改变，“…moreschoolsarenowsaying:‘Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.’”，许多学校现在承认欺凌现象的出现，并且会有明确的应对措施。可判断出本段主要提到了学校对欺凌事件的态度变化。选项V符合题意。

4.根据SectionD第一句“Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.”，可知本段主要对学校态度转变的原因进行了解释，此句为中心句。可判断出此段的主要内容为导致学校采取新的应对方法的原因，选项Ⅶ符合题意。

10.单选题

Dogsaresocialanimalsandwithoutpropertraining,theywillbehavelikewildanimals.Theywillsoilyourhouse,destroyyourbelongings,barkexcessively,fightotherdogsandevenbiteyou.Nearlyallbehaviorproblemsareperfectlynormaldogactivitiesthatoccuratthewrongtimeorplaceoraredirectedatthewrongthing.Thekeytopreventingortreatingbehaviorproblemsislearningtoteachthedogtoredirectitsnormalbehaviortooutletsthatareacceptableinthedomesticsetting.

Oneofthebestthingsyoucandoforyourdogandyourselfistoobediencetrainit.Obediencetrainingdoesn'tsolveallbehaviorproblems,butitisthefoundationforsolvingjustaboutanyproblem.Trainingpensupalineofcommunicationbetweenyouandyourdog.Effectivecommunicationisnecessarytoinstructyourdogaboutwhatyouwantittodo.

Trainingisalsoaneasywaytoestablishthesocialrankorder.Whenyourdogobeysasimplerequestof“comehere,sit,”itisshowingobedienceandrespectforyou.Itisnotnecessarytoestablishyourselfastopdogorleaderofthepack（群）byusingextrememeasure.Youcanteachyourdogitssubordinate（从属的）rolebyteachingittoshowsubmissiontoyou.Mostdogsloveperformingtricksforyoutopleasantlyacceptthatyouareincharge.

Trainingshouldbefunandrewardingforyouandyourdog.Itcanenrichyourrelationshipandmakelivingtogethermoreenjoyable.Awell-traineddogismoreconfidentandcanmoresafelybeallowedagreateramountoffreedomthananuntrainedanimal.

1.Behaviorproblemsofdogsarebelievedto（）.

2.Theprimarypurposeofobediencetrainingisto（）.

3.Effectivecommunicationbetweenadoganditsowneris（）.

4.Whydopetdogsloveperformingtricksfortheirmasters?

5.Whenadoghasreceivedeffectiveobediencetraining,itsowner（）.

问题1选项

A.bejustpartoftheirnature

B.worseninmodernsociety

C.occurwhentheygowild

D.presentathreattothecommunity

问题2选项

A.teachthedogtoperformclevertricks

B.makethedogawareofitsowner'sauthority

C.providethedogwithoutletsforitswildbehavior

D.enablethedogtoregainitsnormalbehavior

问题3选项

A.essentialtosolvingthedog'sbehaviorproblems

B.thefoundationfordogstoperformtasks

C.agoodwaytoteachthedognewtricks

D.anextrememeasureinobediencetraining

问题4选项

A.Toavoidbeingpunished

B.Toshowtheiraffectionfortheirmasters

C.Towinleadershipofthedogpack

D.Toshowtheirwillingnesstoobey

问题5选项

A.cangivethedogmorerewards

B.willenjoyabetterfamilylife

C.cangivethedogmorefreedom

D.willhavemoreconfidenceinhimself

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“Dogsaresocialanimalsandwithoutpropertraining,theywillbehavelikewildanimals.狗是群居动物，如果没有适当的训练，它们会表现得像野生动物一样。”可知狗的行为问题是由其本性决定的。故A项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第一段和第二段“Thekeytopreventingortreatingbehaviorproblemsislearningtoteachthedogtoredirectitsnormalbehaviortooutletsthatareacceptableinthedomesticsetting.Obediencetrainingdoesn'tsolveallbehaviorproblems,butitisthefoundationforsolvingjustaboutanyproblem.防止或治疗行为问题的关键是学会教狗把它的正常行为改成在家庭环境中可以接受的发泄。服从训练并不能解决所有的行为问题，但它是解决任何问题的基础。可知服从训练的主要目的是为狗的野蛮行为提供发泄的途径。C项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第二段最后一句“Effectivecommunicationisnecessarytoinstructyourdogaboutwhatyouwantittodo.有效的沟通对指导你的狗做你想要它做的事情是必要的。”可知B项“是狗执行任务的基础”正确。

4.细节事实题。由倒数第二段“Mostdogsloveperformingtricksforyoutopleasantlyacceptthatyouareincharge.大多数狗狗喜欢为你表演一些小把戏，让你愉快地接受你是主人的事实。”可知D项正确。

5.细节事实题。由最后一段“Awell-traineddogismoreconfidentandcanmoresafelybeallowedagreateramountoffreedomthananuntrainedanimal.一条受过良好训练的狗比未受过训练的动物更有信心，也能更安全地获得更多的自由。”可知C项正确。

11.单选题

Salasisoneof13,000KingCountyemployeeswhowillbeaskedtoconfidentially_______whetherthey'reoverweight,smokeorengageinotherhealth-relatedvices.

问题1选项

A.dement

B.divulge

C.retaliate

D.disservice

【答案】B

【解析】dement使发狂;divulge泄露,暴露;retaliate报复;disservice伤害,虐待。句意：萨拉斯是国王郡1.3万名雇员之一,他们将被要求私下透露自己是否超重、是否吸烟或是否有其他与健康有关的恶习。选项B符合句意。

12.单选题

Marriedcouplescangetadivorceiftheyfindtheyarenot（

）

.

问题1选项

A.compatible

B.comparable

C.comfortable

D.communicable

【答案】A

【解析】compatible能共处的,兼容的；comparable可比较的,比得上的；communicable可传达的,会传染的。句意:已婚夫妇如果发现彼此不能和谐共处,可以选择离婚。选项A符合语境。

13.单选题

Ihavehadjustaboutenoughofbeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen,simplybecauseIhappentobethatunfairlytreatedmemberofsociety—acustomer.ThemoreIgointoshopsandhotels,banksandpostoffices,railwaystations,airportsandthelike,themoreIamconvincedthethingsarebeingrunsolelytosuitthefirm,thesystem,ortheunion.Thereseemstobeadeceptivenewmottoforso-called“service”organizationsStaffBeforeService.

Howoften,forexample,haveyouqueuedforwhatseemslikehoursatthePostOfficeorthesupermarketbecausetherewerenotenoughstaffondutytomanalltheservicegrillesorcheckoutcounters?Surelyinthesedaysofhighunemploymentitmustbepossibletohirecashiersandcounterstaff.Yetsupermarketshintingdarklyathigherprices,claimthatuncoveringalltheircashregistersatanyonetimewouldincreaseoperatingcosts.AndthePostOfficesayswecannotexpectalltheirservicegrillestobeoc