考研考博-英语-内蒙古美术职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内蒙古美术职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Storesgivenpermissiontosellfireworksallyearwillneedalicensewhichlocalauthorities______willbeabletorefuseandifnecessary.

问题1选项

A.revolve

B.revolt

C.revoke

D.revive

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项revolve“使……旋转”，B项revolt“反抗”，C项revoke“撤回”，D项revive“使复兴”。根据句子意思“获得全年销售烟花许可的商店将需要一份许可证，如果必要，地方当局将有权……该许可证。”可推测，空格部分表示“吊销，撤销”，C项最符合。句意：获得全年销售烟花许可的商店将需要一份许可证，如果必要，地方当局将有权吊销该许可证。因此，该题选择C项正确。

2.单选题

Mothertoldmethatthemostimportantthingofchoosingapieceofclothisits（

）.

问题1选项

A.style

B.texture

C.textile

D.content

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项style“风格，类型”；B选项texture“质地，纹理，结构”；C选项textile“纺织品”；D选项content“内容，满足”。句意：母亲告诉我，挑选一块布最重要的是看它的质地。选项B符合句意。

3.单选题

It’squiteobviousthattheagingpopulationinChinawillcause（

）heavypressureon（

）wholesocietyinthefuture.

问题1选项

A.a;a

B.the;/

C.a;the

D./;the

【答案】D

【解析】考查冠词用法。第一个空格后是pressure“压力”，为不可数名词，句中并不特指“压力”，因此无须使用冠词；第二空后的是wholesociety“整个社会”，应用定冠词the。因此D选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Accordingtothenewreport,13%ofAmericansareover65;thisnumberisprojectedtoreach22%bytheyear2030.

问题1选项

A.devised

B.thrust

C.estimated

D.encountered

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.devised设计B.thrust用力推

C.estimated估计D.encountered遇到

【考查点】动词辨析

【解题思路】原文指到2030年美国超过65岁的人的比例会达到22%，2030年是一个未来的年份，这个数据应该是预估的，C选项“估计”符合原文。原文beprojectedto“被预测”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项devised“设计”，美国的人口构成数据应该是自然发生的，不存在说被设计成多少；

B选项thrust“用力推”，不符合原句逻辑；

D选项encountered“遇到”，不符合原句逻辑。

【句意】根据这份新报告，13%的美国人超过65岁；预计到2030年，这一数字将达到22%。

5.单选题

Ataboutthesametime,someblackChristianswalkedinprotestoutofchurcheswheretheywereforcedtoworshipin（

）sections.

问题1选项

A.segregated

B.sustained

C.connected

D.engaged

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。segregated“被隔离的”；sustained“持续的；持久的”；connected“连接的；有联系的；连贯的”；engaged“忙碌的；使用中的”。句意：几乎同时，一些黑人基督徒抗议地走出教堂，在那里他们被迫去被隔离的区域做礼拜。选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

Afterhydrogen,heliumisthesecondmostabundantelementintheuniverse.Buthowdoastronomersknowthat?ItmightseemthatthephilosopherAugusteComtewasonsolidgroundwhenhestatedin1844that,becauseoftheremotenessofthestars,wecouldneverknowtheirchemicalcomposition.Yetonlyafewyearslaterchemistsdiscoveredthatunderthepropercircumstanceseveryelementemitsacertaincombinationofcolorsoflightthatcanidentifyit,justasyourfingerprintscanidentifyyou.Byanalyzingthelightcomingfromstars,astronomershavebeenabletoidentifythedifferentchemicalelementsinthestarsandincosmicspace,aswellastheirrelativequantities.Itisaninterestinghistoricalnotethatheliumwasactuallyfoundonthesun,in1868,beforeitwasfoundonearth,inthe1890s.(ThenameheliumcomesfromtheGreekworldhellos,meaning“sun”)

Thecentralprincipleofchemistryisthatallmatteriscomposedofatoms.Theseatomsemitthecolorsoflightthatcharacterizeeachelement.Eachatomconsistsofanucleus,orpositivelychargedcore,andaroundthisnucleusareelectrons,whicharenegativelychargedparticles.Thecharacteristiclightemittedbyanatomgivesusinformationaboutthearrangementofelectronsabouttheatomicnucleus.Thisarrangementdeterminesthechemicalpropertiesoftheatom.

Theatomicnumberofanelementisthenumberofprotonsinthenucleusofoneofitsatoms.Theatomicnumberisafundamentalproperty,becauseitalsoequalsthenumberofelectronsaroundthenucleusinthenormal(electricallyneutral)atom,andtheseelectronsdeterminetheatom’schemicalproperties.Theperiodictableoftheelements(thatis,theirarrangementintotherowsandcolumnsbasedontheirchemicalandphysicalproperties)isaresultofthewaytheelectronsarearrangedintheatoms,andthisarrangementorstructuredependsonthenumberofelectronsandthusontheatomicstructure.

1.Inthispassage,fundamentalmeans（）.

2.Theauthor’spurposeinthispassageisto（）.

3.AugusteComtesaidthatwecouldneverknowthecompositionofthestarsbecausetheyare（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,acentralprincipleofchemistryisthat（）.

5.Thetoneofthispassagecanbestbedescribedas（）.

6.Theorganizationalpatternofthefirstparagraphofthispassageis（）.

7.Theauthorexplainsthecharacteristicpatternofcoloremittedbyeachelementbycomparingthispatternto（）.

问题1选项

A.first

B.heavy

C.basic

D.early

问题2选项

A.persuade

B.inform

C.entertain

D.tellastory

问题3选项

A.movingawayfromus

B.veryfaraway

C.veryhot

D.madeofhelium

问题4选项

A.differentatomsemitdifferentcoloroflight

B.thesuncontainshelium

C.theatomicnumberisafundamentalproperty

D.allmatteriscomposedofatoms

问题5选项

A.objective

B.poetic

C.hostile

D.opinionated

问题6选项

A.chronologicalorder

B.spatialorder

C.definition

D.exampleillustration

问题7选项

A.thescalesofafish

B.thefeathersofabird

C.afootprint

D.afingerprint.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:D

【解析】1.词汇题。根据原文可知“fundamentalproperty”指基本性质，fundamental意为“基础的，基本的”，basic也表示“基本的”。所以选项C正确。

2.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是从客观公正的角度描述事实，讲述化学物质氦的构成及其性质，所以选项B正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段第三句“becauseoftheremotenessofthestars,wecouldneverknowtheirchemicalcomposition.”由于星星距离遥远，我们永远无法知道它们的化学成分。选项B符合原文。

4.根据第二段第一句“Thecentralprincipleofchemistryisthatallmatteriscomposedofatoms.”化学的核心原则是所有的物质都是由原子构成的。选项D符合原文。

5.观点态度题。根据原文可知，本文主要是从客观公正的角度描述事实，所以作者的态度是客观的，选项A正确。

6.细节事实题。根据第一段的内容可知，本段是用举例说明的方法来介绍氦元素的发现过程，所以选项D正确。chronologicalorder时间顺序；spatialorder空间顺序；definition下定义；exampleillustration举例说明。

7.细节事实题。根据第一段第四句“underthepropercircumstanceseveryelementemitsacertaincombinationofcolorsoflightthatcanidentifyit,justasyourfingerprintscanidentifyyou.”在适当的情况下，每一种元素都会发出一种特定的光的颜色组合来识别它，就像你的指纹可以识别你一样。由此可知，作者是将光和指纹进行对比，选项D正确。

7.单选题

Ifyouturnitedgewiseyou’llgetthedeskthroughthedoor.

问题1选项

A.outwards

B.forwards

C.sideways

D.inwards

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A项outwards“向外地”，B项forwards“向前，今后”，C项sideways“向侧面地，间接地”，D项inwards“向内地，向中心地”。句意：如果你把它斜着转，你就能把桌子穿过门。根据句意可知，edgewise在句中表示“斜着”，四个选项中与之相近的意思只有C项符合。因此，该题选择C项。

8.单选题

NineofthetencampusesoftheUniversityofCalifornia—ledbyBerkeley―onceagainmadeitintoanannualrankingoftheworld’sleadinguniversities.All’swellinCaliforniahighereducation,itmightseem.

ButthatisnotwhatPatBrownorClarkKerrwouldsay,weretheyalivetoday.Theywere,respectively,governorofthestateandpresidentoftheUniversityofCaliforniain1960,whenCaliforniaadopteda“masterplan''thatbecameaninternationalmodel.Theiraimwasnotonlytohaveexcellentpublicuniversities,buttogivethestate’spopulationnearlyuniversalandfreeaccesstothem.Somepupilswouldso-calledcommunitycollegesforatwo-yearvocationalprogramme,othersoneofthe(now23)campusesoftheCaliforniaStateUniversity,andthebestmightgotoaUCcampus.

Inordertoassureaccessforall,tuitionchargeswerebanned—only“fees”forsomecostsotherthaneducationwereallowed.Mostfundingwastocomefromtaxpayers.Thepremisewasthathighereducationwasapublicgoodforthestate,whichwasnursingitsownfutureentrepreneursandtaxpayers.AsMr.Kerrputit,theuniversitieswere“bait”tobehunginfrontofindustry,withdrawingpowergreaterthanlowtaxesorcheaplabor.’’

Thatconsensushasbeenoverturned.In1990,thestatepaid78%ofthecostofeducatingeachstudent.Thatratiodroppedto47%lastyear,andwillfallevenmoreduringthecurrentacademicyear,afterthelatestroundofbudgetcuts,overseenbyJerryBrown,thecurrentgovernorandsonofPatBrown.Insomeways,CaliforniahasnowinvertedtheprioritiesoftheolderBrown’sera.Spendingonprisonspassedspendingonuniversitiesinaround2004.

Thishasledtoconcernsthatpublicuniversitiesmightlosetheirexcellence.Ittakesmoneytoattractthebestprofessors,andthebeststudentsfollowthem.Analternativetoworsepublicuniversities,however,isquasi-privatizedones.ThatseemstobetheroutetakeninCalifornia.

Thusstudentswillthisyear,forthefirsttime,paymorefortuitionthanthestategivesinfunding.ThisfollowsyearsoftuitionfeeincreasesfarsteeperthantheaverageatAmericanpublicuniversities.AplaceataUCcampuscaneasilynowcost$13,000,or$31000includinghousing,givenCalifornia’shighcosts.

Toraiseotherrevenues,thevariouscampusesalsoadmitevermoreout-of-statestudents(whopaythreetimesmore)and,targetrichgraduatesformoredonations.Ledbythebusinessandlawschools,theybehaveincreasinglylikeprivateuniversities,inotherwords.Thisstrategyretainspocketsofexcellence.Butitalsorunscountertothephilosophyofthemasterplan,bypricingevermoreCalifornianfamiliesoutofaplace.Thestatenowranks41stinthenumberofcollegedegreesawardedforevery100ofitshighschoolgraduates.

1.PatBrownandClarkKerrattemptedtosetupexcellentpublicuniversities,aswellas（

）.

2.WhatdoesMr.Kerrimplybysaying“bait”tobehunginfrontofindustry(Line4,Para.3)?

3.Whatistheconcernonthepublicuniversitiessincethestatespendingonuniversitieshasdropped?

4.CampusesinCaliforniareceivestudentsfromotherstatesforthepurposeof

（

）.

5.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageabouthighereducationinCalifornia?

问题1选项

A.buildinganinternationalmodelofuniversitiesaroundtheworld

B.competingwiththeso-calledcommunitycollegesinthestate

C.offeringcommonandfreeaccesstouniversitiestothestate'spopulation

D.providingatwo-yearvocationalprogramforthestate'spopulation

问题2选项

A.Theuniversitiesfosterto-beelitesforindustry

B.Thetuitionfeesarebannedintheuniversities

C.Thehighereducationisastatewelfare

D.Theuniversitiesaremoreattractivethanlowtaxesorcheaplabor.

问题3选项

A.Tobeunabletoattractthebestprofessors

B.Tobeunabletomaintaintheirexcellence

C.Tobehigh-priced

D.Tobequasi-privatized

问题4选项

A.gettingmoredonations

B.behavinglikeprivateuniversities

C.makingupshortageofgraduates

D.improvingotherearnings

问题5选项

A.ChildrenfromCalifornianfamiliescan’tobtaintheeducationduetothehighcosts.

B.Ithasmovedtowardsprivateuniversitiesalongwithitsdevelopment.

C.Itisonlynursingitsownfutureentrepreneursandtaxpayers.

D.Itproducesfewercompanyfounders,inventorsandtaxpayers.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“PatBrownandClarkKerr”定位到第二段的内容“Theiraimwasnotonlytohaveexcellentpublicuniversities,buttogivethestate’spopulationnearlyuniversalandfreeaccesstothem.他们的目标不仅是拥有优秀的公立大学，而且要让该州的人口几乎可以免费进入这些大学。”选项C符合原文。

2.判断推理题。根据关键词“bait”所在句子的上文“Thepremisewasthathighereducationwasapublicgoodforthestate,whichwasnursingitsownfutureentrepreneursandtaxpayers.前提是高等教育是全州的一种公共利益，为未来培养自己的企业家和纳税人。”也就是说，大学是挂在工业面前的“诱饵”指的是大学培养工业精英。选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据倒数第三段首句“Thishasledtoconcernsthatpublicuniversitiesmightlosetheirexcellence.”这导致人们担心公立大学可能会失去它们的优势。也就是无法保持自己的优势，选项B符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第一句“Toraiseotherrevenues,thevariouscampusesalsoadmitevermoreout-of-statestudents.为了增加其他收入，各个校区还招收了越来越多的外州学生。”选项D符合原文。

5.判断推理题。根据最后一段第二句“Ledbythebusinessandlawschools,theybehaveincreasinglylikeprivateuniversities,inotherwords.换句话说，在商学院和法学院的领导下，它们（州立大学）的行为越来越像私立大学。”选项B符合原文。选项A和C表述均不正确，选项D在文中没有提及。

9.不定项选择题

Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercialretrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecoverysystems.These-systemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity,where,highratesofheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformofgeysersandhotsprings.Inotherareas,however,hotrockalsoexistsnearthesurfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceeruptivephenomena.Thusapotentialhotdryrock(HDR)reservoirexistswhenevertheamountofspontaneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexistingcommercialsystems.

Asaresultoftherecentenergycrisis,newconceptsforcreatingHDRrecoverysystems—whichinvolvedrillingholesandconnectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebeingdeveloped.InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDR’s,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.

TheHDRresourcebaseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150℃,isatdepthslessthantenkilometers,andcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailableequipment.Althoughwellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnicallyfeasible,prevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslydeterminethecommercialfeasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas100°Cmaybeusefulforspaceheating;however,forproducingelectricity,temperaturesgreaterthan200°Caredesirable.

Thegeothermalgradient,whichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreachadesiredtemperature,isamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermalresources.TemperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperaturedepthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistssuggestthattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.(Therearemanyareas,however,forwhichnotemperaturegradientrecordsexist.)

IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperaturegradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoatenkilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.Ifweconservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2percentisrecoverable,wefindatotalthatiscomparabletotheestimatedresourcebaseofallthecoalremainingintheUnitedStates.Theremainingproblemistobalancetheeconomicsofdeeper,hotter,morecostlywellsandshallower,cooler,lessexpensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproduct,electricityand/orheat.

8.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

9.Thepassagewouldbemostlikelytoappearina（）.

10.Accordingtopassage,anaveragegeothermalgradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthcanbeusedto（）.

11.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheavailabilityoftemperature-depthrecordsforanyspecificareasintheUnitedStatesdependsprimarilyonthe（）.

12.Accordingtothepassage,inallHDRrecoverysystemsfluidwillbenecessaryinordertoallow（）.

13.Accordingtothepassage,iftheaveragegeothermalgradientinanarea22°Cperkilometerofdepth,whichofthefollowingcanbereliablypredicted?

I.Thetemperatureatthebaseofa10-kilometerwellwillbesufficientfortheproductionofelectricity.

II.Drillingofwellsdeeperthan10kilometerswillbeeconomicallyfeasible.

III.Insufficientwaterispresenttoproduceemotivephenomena.

14.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.alertreaderstotheexistenceofHDRsasanavailableenergysource

B.documentthechallengesthathavebeensurmountedintheefforttorecoverenergyfromHDRs

C.warntheusersofcoalandoilthatHDRsarenotaneconomicallyfeasiblealternative

D.encouragetheuseofnewtechniquesfortherecoveryofenergyfromundergroundhotwaterandsteam

E.urgeconsumerstodemandquickerdevelopmentofHDRresourcesfortheproductionofenergy

问题2选项

A.petrologicalresearchreportfocusedonthehistoryoftemperature-depthrecordsintheUnitedStates

B.congressionalreporturgingtheconservationofoilandnaturalgasresentsintheUnitedStates

C.technicaljournalarticleconcernedwiththerecoverabilityofnewlyidentifiedenergysources

D.consumerreportdescribingtheextentandaccessibilityofremainingcoalresources

E.pamphletdesignedtointroducehomeownerstotheadvantagesofHDRspace-heatingsystems

问题3选项

A.balancetheeconomicsofHDRenergyretrievalagainstthatofundergroundhotwaterorsteamrecoverysystems

B.determinetheamountofenergythatwillbeusedforspaceheatingintheUnitedStates

C.providecomparisonsbetweenhotwaterandHDRenergysourcesintheUnitedStates

D.revisetheestimatesontheextentofremainingcoalresourcesintheUnitedStates

E.estimatethetotalHDRresourcebaseinUnitedStates

问题4选项

A.possibilitythatHDR’smaybefoundinthatarea

B.existenceofpreviousattemptstoobtainoilorgasinthatarea

C.historyofsuccessfulhotwaterorsteamrecoveryeffortsinthatarea

D.failureofinhabitantstoconserveoilorgasreservesinthatarea

E.useofcoalasasubstituteforoilorgasinthatarea

问题5选项

A.sufficientpermeability

B.artificialsimulation

C.drillingofholes

D.constructionofreservoirs

E.transferofheat

问题6选项

A.Ionly

B.IIonly

C.IandIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

E.I,IIandIII

问题7选项

A.EnergyfromWaterSources:TheFeasibilityofCommercialSystems

B.GeothermalEnergyRetrieval:VolcanicActivityandHotDryRocks

C.EnergyUnderground:GeothermalSourcesGiveWaytoFossilFuels

D.TappableEnergyforAmerica’sFuture:HotDryRocks

E.HighGeothermalGradientsintheUnitedStates:MythorReality?

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:E

第6题:A

第7题:D

【解析】8.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】作者意图题。各选项的意思是：A：提醒读者HDRs作为一种可用能源的存在；B：列举在从HDRs中恢复能源的努力中所克服的挑战；C：警告煤炭和石油的用户，HDRs在经济上不是可行的替代品；D：鼓励使用从地下热水和蒸汽中回收能源的新技术；E：敦促消费者要求更快开发用于能源生产的HDR资源。本文是一篇说明文。作者第一段提出了潜在的干热岩（HDR）油藏，第二段提出了HDR开采系统的新概念，后面则指出了一些限制性问题，如技术、经济因素以及地温梯度等，最后一段指出HDR的资源基础非常大并且列举了一些问题：剩下的问题是如何平衡深、热、高成本井和浅、冷、低成本井的经济效益，以及最终产品、电或热的价值，因此B项“列举在从HDRs中恢复能源的努力中所克服的挑战”正确。

9.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。各选项的意思是：A：专注于美国温度深度记录的历史的岩石学研究报告；B：敦促美国保护石油和天然气的国会报告；C：关于新发现能源的可回收性的技术期刊文章；D：描述剩余煤炭资源的范围和可及性的消费者报告；E：为向业主介绍HDR空间供暖系统的优点而设计的小册子。本文旨在提醒读者HDR可作为可利用能源，并列举了在从HDRs中恢复能源的努力中所克服的挑战，所以，这篇文章可能出现在C项“关于新发现能源的可回收性的技术期刊”上。

10.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。各选项的意思是：A：平衡HDR能源回收与地下热水或蒸汽回收系统的经济性；B：确定在美国将用于空间供暖的能量；C：对美国的热水和HDR能源提供比较；D：更正对美国剩余煤炭资源范围的估计；E：估计美国HDR资源总量。根据题干关键词“averagegeothermalgradientof22°vperkilometerofdepth”定位至最后一段：IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperaturegradientof22°nperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoaten-kilometerdepthintheUnitedStates（迹象表明，HDR的能源库巨大。如果按每公里深度的地热梯度平均为22摄氏度计算，美国10公里深的地壳岩石中含有总能量惊人的13000000万亿B.T.U.），因此D项“estimatethetotalHDRresourcebase（估计美国HDR资源总量）”符合文意。

11.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。各选项的意思是：A：在那个地区发现HDR的可能性；B：以前曾在该地区获取石油或天然气的尝试；C：该地区热水或蒸汽回收工作的成功历史；D：那个地区的居民没有保存石油或天然气储备；E：在那个地区使用煤作为石油或天然气的替代品。第四段指出：“TemperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperaturedepthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistssuggestthattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrosstheUnitedStates（由美国石油地质学家协会保存的油气井温度-深度记录生成的温度梯度图表明可开发的高温梯度分布在美国各地）”。因此B项“以前曾在该地区获取石油或天然气的尝试”符合文意。

12.【试题答案】E

【试题解析】事实细节题。各选项的意思是：A：足够的渗透率；B：人工刺激；C：钻孔；D：水库建设；E：热传递。由题干关键词fluid定位至第二段：InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDR’s,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock（在所有试图从HDR中回收能量的尝试中，都需要人工增产来创造足够的渗透性或有边界的流动路径，以便通过岩石表面的流体循环来清除热量），由此可知，流体是用来散除热量的，故选E项。

13.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干关键词averagegeothermalgradientinanarea22°Cperkilometerofdepth定位至第五段。这一段讲HDR的resourcebase（资源储量）非常大，然后用22℃的情况对能源进行估计（说明能源很多）。最后一句说，remainingproblem剩下的问题是如何平衡深、热、高成本井和浅、冷、低成本井的经济效益，以及最终产品、电或热的价值。再看选项：

I根据这段内容，言下之意energy充足，发电完全可能（剩下唯一需要考虑的是投入成本），正确。

II因为还有投入成本需要考虑，当然不是economicallyfeasible，不对。

III这一段没提到，直接排除。

因此，答案选A项。

14.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。各选项的意思是：A：水源能源：商业系统的可行性；B：地热能源回收：火山活动和干热岩石；C：地下能源：地热资源被化石燃料取代；D：美国未来的可开发能源：干热岩石；E：美国地热梯度高：传说还是现实？本文讲述了HDR能源在美国的发现及应用前景，通篇的关键词为HDR。D项“美国未来的可开发能源：干热岩石”最适合做文章的标题。

10.单选题

Satellitecommunicationsaresoup-to-datethatevenwhen______inthemiddleofthePacific,businessmencancontacttheirofficesasiftheywerenextdoor.

问题1选项

A.gliding

B.cruising

C.piloting

D.patrolling

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项glide“滑行，滑翔”；B选项cruise“（船，飞机）航行，游行”；C选项pilot“驾驶，领航”；D选项patrol“巡逻，巡查”。根据inthemiddleofthePacific可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：卫星通信高度发达，即使商人在太平洋的中部航行，也可以和办公室及时联系，就好像他们在隔壁一样。

11.单选题

Mostpersonsexperiencea（

）increaseinmemoryproblemsastheygetolder,particularlywithregardtotheabilitytorememberrelativelyrecentexperiences.

问题1选项

A.modest

B.razor-sharp

C.time-consuming

D.prompt

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项modest“谦虚的；较小的”；B选项razor-sharp“锋利的；犀利的”；C选项time-consuming“耗时的；旷日持久的”；D选项prompt“敏捷的；迅速的”句意：随着年龄的增长，大多数人的记忆问题……增多，在记忆相对较近期经历的能力方面更为明显。随着年龄增加，记忆问题是逐渐增多的，因此A选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Hisillnessfirst（）itselfasseverestomachpainsandheadaches.

问题1选项

A.expressed

B.manifested

C.reflected

D.displayed

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他的病最初表症为胃痛和头痛。

考查动词辨析。express表达；manifest表症，显现；reflect反应；display展示。根据胃痛和头痛可知，B项符合句意。

13.单选题

Inourgreatsocialistcountry,millionsofordinarymenandwomenareworkingselflesslyto（）povertyandbackwardness.

问题1选项

A.figureout

B.wipeout

C.carryout

D.takeout

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项figureout“理解，算出”；B选项wipeout“消灭，消除”；C选项carryout“实行”；D选项takeout“拿走，去掉”。句意：在我们伟大的社会主义国家里，千百万普通男女正在为消除贫穷落后而无私地工作着。选项B符合句意。

14.单选题

Ideas（）fromone'sownexperiencearesometimesmorevaluablethanthosefrombooks.

问题1选项

A.derived

B.deprived

C.retreated

D.restored

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。derivefrom"来自……"；deprive"剥夺，使丧失"，后面一般接介词of；retreat"撤退"；restore"归还，使恢复"。句意：人的经验之谈有时比书本里的话更有价值。选项A正确。

15.单选题

Themailwas（）fortwodaysbecauseofthesnowstorm.

问题1选项

A.heldback

B.heldout

C.heldup

D.heldon

【答案】A

【解析】heldback隐瞒,

退缩,

控制,

阻止；heldout提出,

显示；heldup举起,

提出,

支持；heldon等一下,

继续。句意：由于暴风雪的原因,

邮件延误了两天。只有选项A符合句意。

16.单选题

TheIndianwarsgreatly（

）thedangersoffrontierlife.

问题1选项

A.accumulated

B.challenged

C.multiplied

D.enriched

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。accumulate“积聚；堆积”；challenge“挑战”；multiply“繁殖，乘，增加”；enrich“使丰富”。句意：印度战争极大增加了边境生命的危险性。选项C符合题意。

17.单选题

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoulthequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking'sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking'sbiographynotforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkinthepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBiblearethisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe"authentic"one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis"authorized"bythesubject:thispresumablyallowsbiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation."Unauthorized"biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,he"unauthorized"characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress,Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral"authentic"ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthe"story"ofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubjects,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause

（

）.

4.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

问题1选项

A.biographiescanservedifferentpurposes

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects'lives

C.thebestbiographiesarethoseofheroesandfamousfigures

D.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

问题2选项

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.

C.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

D.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

问题3选项

A.itportraysthesubjectsbothfaithfullyandvividly

B.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsiders

C.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject'sprivatelife

D.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject'scharacter

问题4选项

A.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

B.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteagoodbiography

D.thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由第三段“Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.当传记的主人公是英雄或名人时，传记往往揭示出一些动机：有的动机试图表明传记的主人公和我们一样只是普通人，有的传记就是要激励我们让我们超越自己。”可知写传记有很多目的，举例也是为了表明传记可有不同的目的。答案A

第2题:细节事实题。由第一段和第二段“Similarly,aking’sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’sbiography——notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.同样，一个国王的仆人可能不是为国王写传记的最佳人选。但是一个外国人可能没有写国王传记所必需的知识和同情心——至少不是为王国的读者写的。对于这样的任务，没有理想的职位。”可知没有完美的人选来写传记，即没有人能写出完美的传记。故D项正确。ABC三项与文中内容不符。

第3题:推理判断题。由最后一段“Inbookpromotions,the‘unauthorized’characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppre