考研考博-英语-吉首大学张家界学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉首大学张家界学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.不定项选择题

AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelinesonFridayfordoctorconductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients.Thepanelurgeddoctorstoapplytheguidelinesinanalyzingthemassesofpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiesthatwerecollectedinthisyear’sepidemic.Muchofthatinformationhasnotbeenpublishedoranalyzed.

“Itisamatterofurgencytogetbetteranalysisandreview,”saidDr.SimonMardel,aWHOofficialwholedthetwo-daymeetingthatendedonFriday.HesaidthousandsofpotentialtherapiesandcompoundshadbeentestedsofarasresearcherstrytodeterminetreatmentsforSARS,orsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome.“WerecognizethathavingnotreatmentforSARSishinderingourabilitytocontrolanepidemicinsomanyways,”Hesaid.

Intheepidemicearlierthisyear,varioustreatments,likedrugstofightthevirusorstrengthentheimmunesystem,aswellastraditionalChinesemedicine,weredeliveredunderemergencyconditions,inwidelydifferentsettingandcountriestopatientssufferingfromvaryingstagesoftheillness.Thoseconditions—generallywithoutstandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations—havemadeithardtointerpretresults.

Standardsupportivetherapylikenursing,andinseverecasestheuseofmechanicalrespirators（呼吸器）tohelppatientsbreathe,isthemainstay（主要支持）ofSARScare,andhelpedmanypatientssurvive.ButdoctorsstilldonotknowhowbesttotreatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties.Dr.Mardelsaid.Onemethodisinvasiveventilation.Asecondmethodinvolvesblowingoxygenintothelungsthroughamask.Bothcarrytheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees.Withoutproperanalysis,thepanelwasunabletosaydefinitivelywhichtreatmentworkedbest,orwhichcausedthemostharm.“Thereisalackofsharedinformation,”Dr.Mardelsaid,nothingthatalotofdatahavenotbeenpublished.

Thepanelalsoagreedonguidelinesthatwouldallowdoctorstoconductquickandsafeclinicaltrials,aprocessthatgenerallytakesyearstocomplete.TheworldHealthOrganization,aUnitedNationsagencydidnotreleasetheguidelines.Dr.Mardelsaidtheywereflexiblebecausenooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn.Expertsinmanycountrieshavealreadylistedthetreatmentstheywanttotest,andthehealthagencyisleavingthesedecisionstoindividualnations.

1.Guidelinesrecommendedbythescientificpanelcanbeusedfor（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,itisdifficulttointerprettheresultsofcertaintreatmentsforSARSbecause（

）.

3.Accordingtodoctors,thetwomethodstotreatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficultiesboth（

）.

4.AccordingtoaWHOofficial,Dr.Mardel,theguidelineswereflexiblebecause（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.gatheringpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiescollected

B.conductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients

C.determiningtreatmentforSARS

D.publishingalltheinformationaboutSARS

问题2选项

A.patientswereindifferentcountries

B.patientsweregivenmedicinesinwidelydifferentsettings

C.patientswereatdifferentstagesoftheillness

D.theseconditionshadnostandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations

问题3选项

A.carrytheriskofinfectinghospitalemployees

B.areeffectiveincuringpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties

C.don’truntheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees

D.provetoworkeffectivelyandcausenoharm.

问题4选项

A.SARSwouldreemergeinpoorcountries

B.nooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn

C.SARSwouldnotappearindevelopedcountries

D.nooneknewwhetherSARSwouldreturnornot

问题5选项

A.SARS,aDreadfulDisease

B.NoGoodMethodstoTreatSARS

C.SARSWillReturnOneDay

D.HealthpanelRecommendsNewGuidelinesonSARS

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干：科学小组推荐的指南可以用于……。A选项“收集关于各种治疗方法的潜在有用信息”；B选项“对SARS患者进行临床研究”；C选项“确定SARS的治疗方法”；D选项“发布有关SARS的所有信息”。由题干关键词定位到文章第一段第一句AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelinesonFridayfordoctorconductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients.（上周五，世界卫生组织（WHO）召集的一个科学小组向医生推荐了对SARS患者进行临床研究的指导方针。）由此可知选项B符合题意。

第2题:事实细节题。根据文章，解释SARS的某些治疗结果是很难的，因为……。A选项“病人在不同的国家”；B选项“患者在不同的环境下服用药物”；C选项“患者处于不同的疾病阶段”；D选项“这些条件没有标准化的测量或控制情况”。根据题干定位到第三段第二句话Intheepidemicearlierthisyear,varioustreatments,…,weredeliveredunderemergencyconditions,inwidelydifferentsettingandcountriestopatientssufferingfromvaryingstagesoftheillness.Thoseconditions—generallywithoutstandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations—havemadeithardtointerpretresults.（在今年早些时候的疫情中，在不同的环境和国家，在紧急情况下，为不同阶段的患者提供……各种治疗。这些情况——通常没有标准化的测量或控制的情况——使得解释结果变得困难），由此答案选D，其他选项是来描述在什么情况下患者接受了什么样的治疗，不是结果难以解释的原因。

第3题:事实细节题。题干：根据医生所说，两种导致病人有呼吸困难的治疗SARS的方法都……。A选项“有感染医院员工的风险”；B选项“对有呼吸困难的病人有效”；C选项“不要冒将病毒传染给医院员工的风险”；D选项“证明有效，没有造成伤害”。根据题干定位到第四段倒数第三句Bothcarrytheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees（两者都有将病毒传播给医院员工的风险），因此答案选A。

第4题:【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：根据世卫组织官员马戴尔博士所说，这份指导方针很灵活因为……。A选项“SARS将在贫穷国家重新出现”；B选项“没有人知道非典会在什么地方、什么时候、在什么情况下卷土重来”；C选项“非典不会出现在发达国家”；D选项“没有人知道非典是否会卷土重来”。根据关键词定位到最后一段第三句话Dr.Mardelsaidtheywereflexiblebecausenooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn.（马戴尔博士说，他们是灵活的，因为没人知道非典会在什么时候、在什么地方卷土重来。），所以答案选B。

第5题:主旨大意题。A选项“SARS，一个可怕的病毒”；B选项“治疗SARS没有好的方法”；C选项“SARS总有一天会卷土重来”；D选项“健康小组推荐新的SARS指南”根据第一段第一句话和最后一段第一句话AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelineson…（由世界卫生组织召集的一个科学小组建议的指导方针……）和Thepanelalsoagreedonguidelinesthat…（该小组还赞同指导方针……）可知全文围绕的主题是指导方针，而不是如何治疗SARS，所以答案选D。

2.单选题

Itiscrucialthatabroadsetofpeople-notjusttechnologistsorthosewhohappentobeinthecomputerindustry（）inthedebateabouthowthistechnologyshouldbeshaped.

问题1选项

A.compensate

B.saturate

C.motivate

D.participate

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。compensate“赔偿，补偿”；saturate“浸透，使湿透”；motivate“刺激，使有动机”；participatein“参加”。句意：重要的是要有一大群人而不仅仅技术员或那些碰巧在计算机领域工作的人参与到这项技术该如何发展的讨论中来。D项能与介词in搭配，且符合句意。

3.案例题

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers-meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscal(财政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected-say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents-theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."Toobadmostpeopledon'trealizeit.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentstory.

C.Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.

2.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

A.Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C.Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D.Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

3.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

A.Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B.Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D.Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

4.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

A.Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B.Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C.Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.

5.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?

A.Eveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B.Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.C

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可以看出，美国民众和经济学家们对移民影响的看法不同。选项D正确。选项A，科学家们已经给出了自己的看法，不存在困扰一说；选项B美国经济过去因移民而得以繁荣，在第一段并没有提及；选项C经济学家们认为应该鼓励移民，在第一段中也没有信息提及。

2.根据第一段的倒数第二句“Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.”可知，选项B符合原文。

3.根据第三段“Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermost...reducedthewages...by9%.”所以当地低技能工人受移民影响最大的原因是他们很难找到一份收入体面的工作。

4.

根据第三段“Amonghigh-skilled...wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.”他们最担心的是移民带来的财政负担。选项D符合原文。

5.

根据最后一段的第一句“Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.”具有讽刺意味的是，外界所有过度兴奋的辩论，对移民的影响却微乎其微。选项C人们对某些影响很小的事情其实有些小题大做了，符合原文。

4.单选题

Whenwespeakofprogressinconnectionwithourindividualendeavorsoranyorganizedhumaneffort,wemeananadvancetowardaknowngoal.Itisnotinthissensethatsocialevolutioncanbecalledprogress,foritisnotachievedbyhumanreasonstrivingbyknownmeanstowardafixedaim.Itwouldbemorecorrecttothinkofprogressasaprocessofformationandmodificationofthehumanintellect,aprocessofadaptationandlearninginwhichnotonlythepossibilitiesknowntousbutalsoourvaluesanddesirescontinuallychange.Asprogressconsistsinthediscoveryofthenotyetknown,itsconsequencesmustbeunpredictable.Italwaysleadsintotheunknown,andthemostwecanexpectistogainanunderstandingofthekindofforcesthatbringitabout.Yet,thoughsuchageneralunderstandingofthecharacterofthisprocessofcumulativegrowthisindispensableifwearetotrytocreateconditionsfavorabletoit,itcanneverbeknowledgewhichwillenableustomakespecificpredictions.Theclaimthatwecanderivefromsuchinsightnecessarylawsofevolutionthatwemustfollowisanabsurdity.Humanreasoncanneitherpredictnordeliberatelyshapeitsownfuture.Itsadvancesconsistinfindingoutwhereithasbeenwrong.

Eveninthefieldwheresearchfornewknowledgeismostdeliberate,i,e,inscience,nomancanpredictwhatwillbetheconsequencesofhiswork.Infact,thereisincreasingrecognitionthateventheattempttomakesciencedeliberatelyaimatusefulknowledge—thatis,atknowledgewhosefutureusescanbeforeseen—islikelytoimpedeprogress.Progressbyitsverynaturecannotbeplanned.Wemayperhapslegitimatelyspeakofplanningprogressinaparticularfieldwhereweaimatthesolutionofaspecificproblemandarealreadyonthetrackoftheanswer.Butweshouldsoonbeattheendofourendeavorsifweweretoconfineourselvestostrivingforgoalsnowvisibleandifnewproblemsdidnotspringupallthetime.Itisknowingwhatwehavenotknownbeforethatmakesuswiserman.

Butoftenitalsomakesussaddermen.Thoughprogressconsistsinpartinachievingthingswehavebeenstrivingfor,thisdoesnotmeanthatweshalllikeallitsresultsorthatallwillbegainers.Andsinceourwishesandaimsarealsosubjecttochangeinthecourseorprocess,itisquestionablewhetherthestatementhasaclearmeaningthatthenewstateofaffairsthatprogresscreatesisabetterone.Progressinthesenseofthecumulativegrowthofknowledgeandpowerovernatureisatermthatsayslittleaboutwhetherthenewstatewillgiveusmoresatisfactionthantheold.Thepleasuremaybesolelyinachievingwhatwehavebeenstrivingfor,andtheassuredpossessionmaygiveuslittlesatisfaction.Thequestionwhether,ifwehadtostopatourpresentstageofdevelopment,wewouldinanysignificantsensebebetterofforhappierthatifwehadstoppedahundredorathousandyearsagoisprobablyunanswerable.

Theanswer,however,doesnotmatter.Whatmattersisthesuccessfulstrivingforwhatateachmomentseemsattainable.Itisnotthefruitsofpastsuccessbutthelivinginandforthefutureinwhichhumanintelligenceprovesitself.Progressismovementformovement’ssake,foritisinthe

processoflearning,andintheeffectsofhavinglearnedsomethingnew,thatmanenjoysthegiftofhisintelligence.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagemoststronglysupport?

2.Progress,intheviewofthewriter（

）,

3.Whenconsideringthesearchforknowledge,（

）.

4.Progress,accordingtothisargument,（

）.

5.Theauthorsuggeststhat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Scientificprogresswillbenefitmankindimmeasurably.

B.Scientificresearchfrequentlyachievesitsintendedgoals.

C.Progressmayormaynotleadtoabetterworld.

D.Progressdefinedbyainfinitetrajectoryleadstowisdom

问题2选项

A.involvesthedevelopmentofthehumanintellect

B.iscloselyrelatedtosocialdevelopmentandevolution

C.isattheexpenseoftraditionandmoralvalues

D.alwaysremunerateseveryonerelativelyequally

问题3选项

A.weshouldaimatsolvingspecificproblems

B.weshouldproduceusefulresults

C.webecomewiserbecauseweaccumulateabroadrangeofknowledge

D.sciencefindssolutionsforexistingproblemsanduncoversnewproblems

问题4选项

A.unquestionablyleadstoamorepleasurableexistence

B.facilitatesprosperityandpersonalsatisfaction

C.involvestheachievementofmeasurablegoals

D.isaninevitablemovementforward

问题5选项

A.pastachievementsarelessimportantthanfutureaspirations

B.history’ssuccessesdemonstratechangeinknowledge

C.strivingwithoutachievinggoalsiswastedeffort

D.movementformovement’ssakeispointless

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实。第一段指出:Asprogressconsistsinthediscoveryofthenotyetknown,itsconsequencesmustbeunpredictable(对于进步在于发现未知事物，其后果必然是不可预测的),故选C。

2.细节事实。第一段第四行:Itwouldbemorecorrecttothinkofprogressasaprocessofformationandmodificationofthehumanintellect,(把进步看作是人类智力的形成和改变的过程，这更为准确)。故选A:作者认为进步是人类智力的发展。

3.判断推理。从第二段倒数第三行:Butweshouldsoonbeattheendofourendeavorsifweweretoconfineourselvestostrivingforgoalsnowvisibleandifnewproblemsdidnotspringupallthetime(如果我们把自己局限于为现在可见的目标而奋斗，如果新的问题不是一直出现的话，我们的努力很快就会结束)，可推测出该答案。

4.归纳推理。文章中第三段第三行:Andsinceourwishesandaimsarealsosubjecttochangeinthecourseorprocess,itisquestionablewhetherthestatementhasaclearmeaningthatthenewstateofaffairsthatprogresscreatesisabetterone(既然我们的愿望和目标在过程或过程中也会发生变化，那么这一声明是否有明确的定义，即进步所创造的新形势是一种更好的状态，这一点是值得怀疑的)。

5.细节事实。最后一段:Whatmattersisthesuccessfulstrivingforwhatateachmomentseemsattainable(重要的是成功地争取每一个时刻都能达到的目标)。故选A:过去的成就不如未来的抱负重要。

5.单选题

Square-jawed,withapastycomplexionandanathleticbutnotoverlybulked-upbuild,helookslikeamanmeanttohaveawhistlearoundhisneck.

问题1选项

A.sallow

B.vivid

C.pale

D.blushing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sallow“气色不好的；灰黄色的”；B选项vivid“生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的”；C选项pale“苍白的；无力的；暗淡的”；D选项blushing“鲜红的；脸红的”。句意：他长着方下巴，脸色苍白，体格健壮但不太结实，看起来就像脖子上挂着个口哨的人。pasty“苍白的；面糊似的”，C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

At18,AshanthiDeSilvaofsuburbanClevelandisalivingsymbolofoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsofthe20thcentury.Bornwithanextremelyrareandusuallyfataldisorderthatleftherwithoutafunctioningimmunesystem(the“bubble-boydisease”,namedafteranearliervictimwhowaskeptaliveforrearsinasterileplastictent)，shewastreatedbeginningin1990witharevolutionarynewtherapythatsoughttocorrectthedefectatitsverysource,inthegenesofherwhitebloodcells.Itworked.Althoughherlastgene-therapytreatmentwasin1992,sheiscompletelyhealthywithnormalimmunefunction,accordingtooneofthedoctorswhotreatedher,W.FrenchAndersonoftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Researchershavelongdreamedoftreatingdiseasesfromhemophiliatocancerbyreplacingmutantgeneswithnormalones.Andthedreamingmaycontinuefordecadesmore.“Therewillbeagene-basedtreatmentforessentiallyeverydisease,”Andersonsays,“within50years.”

It’snotentirelyclearwhymedicinehasbeensoslowtobuildonAnderson’searlysuccess.TheNationalInstitutesofHealthbudgetofficeestimatesitwillspend$432millionongene-therapyresearchin2005,andthereisnoshortageofpromisingleads.Thetherapeuticgenesareusuallydeliveredthroughvirusesthatdon’tcausehumandisease.“ThevirusissortoflikeaTrojanhouse.”saysRonaldCrystalofNewYorkPresbyterian/WeillCornellMedicalCollege.“Thecarnageisthegene.”

AttheUniversityofPennsylvania’sAbramsonCancerCenterCarlJunerecentlytreatedHIVpatientswithageneintendedtohelptheircellsresisttheinfection.AtCornellUniversity,researchersarepursuinggene-basedtherapiesforParkinson’sdiseaseandararehereditarydisorderthatdestroyschildren’sbraincells.AtStanfordUniversityandtheChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphia,researchersaretryingtofigureouthowtohelppatientswithhemophiliawhotodaymustinjectthemselveswithexpensivedottingdragsforlife.Animalexperimentshaveshowngreatpromise.

Butsomehow,thingsgetlostinthetranslationfromlaboratorytohumantrialsofthehemophiliatreatment,patientsshowaresponseatfirst,butitfadesovertime.Andthefieldhasstillnotrecoveredfromthesetbackitsufferedin1999,whenJesseGelsinger,an18-year-oldwithararemetabolicdisorder,diedafterreceivinganexperimentalgenetherapyattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Someexpertsworrythatthefieldwillbetarnishedfurtherifthenextpeopletobenefitarenotpatientsbutathletesseekinganedge.ThissummerresearchersattheSalkInstituteinSanDiegosaidtheyhadcreateda“marathonmouse”byimplantingagenethatenhancesrunningability;already,officialsattheWorldAnti-DopingAgencyarepreparingtotestathletesforsignsof“genedoping”.Buttheprincipleisthesame,whetheryou’retryingtohelpahealthyrunnerrunfasterorallowamuscular-dystrophypatienttowalk.“Everybodyrecognizesthatgenetherapyisaverygoodidea/’saysCrystal,“Andeventuallyit’sgoingtowork”.

1.ThecaseofAshanthiDesilvaismentionedinthetextto（

）.

2.Anderson’searlysuccesshas（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

4.Theword“tarnish”(line5,paragraph4)mostprobablymeans（

）.

5.Fromthetextwecanseethattheauthorseems（

）.

问题1选项

A.showthepromiseofgene-therapy

B.giveanexampleofmodemtreatment,forfataldiseases

C.introducetheachievementofAndersonandhisteam

D.explainhowgene-basetreatmentworks

问题2选项

A.greatlyspeededthedevelopmentofmedicine

B.broughtnoimmediateprogressintheresearchofgene-therapy

C.promisedacuretoeverydisease

D.madehimanationalhero

问题3选项

A.Ashanthineedstoreceivegene-therapytreatmentconstantly.

B.Despitethehugefunding,generesearcheshaveshownfewpromises.

C.Therapeuticgenesarecarriedbyharmlessviruses.

D.Gene-dopingisencouragedbyworldagenciestohelpathletesgetbetter.

问题4选项

A.affect

B.warm

C.troubled

D.stain

问题5选项

A.optimistic

B.pessimistic

C.troubled

D.uncertain

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第一段开头提到来自克利夫兰郊区的18岁的AshanthiDeSilva是20世纪伟大智力成就之一的活生生的例子（At18,AshanthiDeSilvaofsuburbanClevelandisalivingsymbolofoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsofthe20thcentury），接着提到她1992年接受了最后一次基因疗法，并且彻底痊愈，由此可知选项A“展示基因疗法的前景”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。文章第一段倒数第二、三句话提到研究人员一直梦想用正常基因替换突变基因来治疗从血友病到癌症等各种疾病。这个梦想可能还会持续几十年（Researchershavelongdreamedoftreatingdiseasesfromhemophiliatocancerbyreplacingmutantgeneswithnormalones.Andthedreamingmaycontinuefordecadesmore），由此可知这个方法并不能在短期内有成效，因此选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第二段提到治疗基因通常通过不会引起人类疾病的病毒传递（Thetherapeuticgenesareusuallydeliveredthroughvirusesthatdon’tcausehumandisease），由此可知选项C“治疗基因由无害病毒携带”符合题意。

4.词义题。文章最后一段提到一些专家担心这个领域将会进一步被……如果下一个受益的人不是病人而是寻求优势的运动员（Someexpertsworrythatthefieldwillbetarnishedfurtherifthenextpeopletobenefitarenotpatientsbutathletesseekinganedge），根据上下文可知基因疗法这个领域本意是为了治疗各种疾病而出现，而如果用来帮助运动员而不是病人，这个方法就失去了原本的价值，因此可以推测出动词tarnish的意思是“使失去光泽；玷污”，因此选项D符合题意。

5.观点态度题。文章第一段开头提到来自克利夫兰郊区的18岁的AshanthiDeSilva是20世纪伟大智力成就之一的活生生的例子（At18,AshanthiDeSilvaofsuburbanClevelandisalivingsymbolofoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsofthe20thcentury）；文章最后一段提到每个人都认为基因疗法是一个好主意（Everybodyrecognizesthatgenetherapyisaverygoodidea），由此可知作者是抱着乐观的态度，选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Manyofthelocalresidentslefthomesto（

）thedangerofflooding.

问题1选项

A.encounter

B.enclose

C.shakeoff

D.wardoff

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项encounter“遭遇，遇到”；B选项enclose“围住，随函(或包裹等)附上”；C选项shakeoff“甩掉，摆脱”；D选项wardoff“避开，躲开，防止（危险、疾病等）”。由目的状语“to_____thedangerofflooding（为了_____洪水的危险）”可知D选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：许多当地居民离开家，以避开洪水的危险。

8.单选题

Ihavenoideaoffashion,somychoiceofclothesseemsquitearbitrary.

问题1选项

A.assertive

B.decisive

C.optional

D.tasteful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项assertive“肯定的”；B选项decisive“决定性的”；C选项optional“随意的”；D选项tasteful“有品位的”。句意：我对时尚一窍不通，所以我对衣服的选择似乎很随意。划线部分arbitrary是随意的意思。因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

VeryfewcountriestrulysupportUSmilitary___againstIraq.

问题1选项

A.acts

B.actions

C.behavior

D.deed

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项acts“行为（具体、简单、短时）；假装；某种行为（或常规等）；法令；判决书；会议记录；（戏剧等的）幕；表演；演出团体”；B选项actions“行动（抽象、复杂、持续）；活动；功能；战斗；情节；（非正式）精彩活动”；C选项behavior“行为；举止（某人的行为方式，尤指对他人的行为方式）；态度；反应”；D选项deed“行动（智慧与力量达到一定境界而产生的行为，常指辉煌与成就）；功绩；证书；[法]契据”。句意：很少有国家真正支持美国对伊拉克的军事___。本句表达“伊拉克的军事行动（是复杂、持续的行动）”，因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Inallheractions,herreverenceforherhusbandwastheonethingthatstoodout.

问题1选项

A.respect

B.control

C.passion

D.supervision

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.respect尊敬，敬意B.control管理，管制

C.passion强烈情感，激情D.supervision监督

【答案】A

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】reverence的意思为“尊敬，崇敬”，指的是她非常尊重她的丈夫，respect与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】在她的所有行为中，她对丈夫的尊敬是最明显的。

11.单选题

Icouldn’tworkoutwhyanyonewouldinventsomethingsoboring.

问题1选项

A.drawup

B.bringabout

C.putforward

D.figureout

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。workout“算出；实现；制定出；消耗完；理解；锻炼”；A选项drawup“起草；使靠近”；B选项bringabout“引起；带来”；C选项putforward“提出；拿出”；D选项figureout“解决；想出；理解；断定”。句意：我搞不懂为什么会有人发明这么无聊的东西。根据句中“whyanyonewouldinventsomethingsoboring为何有人发明如此无聊的一些东西”可知workout在这里的意思应为“理解”，因此D选项正确。

12.单选题

Thecriticismfromthepublichas（

）thisnovel.

问题1选项

A.eclipsed

B.avenged

C.baffled

D.broadened

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析。句意：公众的批评使这部小说黯然失色。故选A。

13.翻译题

道别是一种社交礼仪，它象征一次活动的终结。

在英国、美国和其他许多西方国家，告别具有特定的程式化常见表达模式。这些表达模式依不同的时间、地点、参加人和文化而变化。一般来说，客人应该先向主人告别。参加同一活动的两位宾客应该谁先告别并没有特定要求。有意思的是，在西方国家，客人提出辞呈后不会马上离去，而是会再多待上10到15分钟再离开。出于礼貌，客人要反复告辞两三次以表示自己确实不愿意离去。主人送客时会在门口与客人道别。更重要的是，客人要对主人的招待表示感谢，主人则要表示再次相聚的愿望。

在中国，送别客人所花费的时间要多得多。事实上，许多好客的主人会坚持把客人送出居民区，一直送到停车场或公共汽车站。而客人则要再三劝主人不必如此客气，而他们的努力自然是不会奏效的，因为双方的做法都是在遵循传统的礼仪规范。事实上，主人要等到客人上车，再也看不见了才可以离开。在新疆，多数当地少数民族居民认为客人在门口道别离开后还要转身再次向主人表示感谢和祝福。

鞠躬在日本是一种非常重要的习俗。日本人总是不停地鞠躬。最普遍的现象是他们在彼此问候及道别时以鞠躬代替握手。不论谁向你鞠躬，不回礼是无礼的表现。身体接触会令日本人不自在。但是，他们已经习惯与西方人握手了。

鞠躬看似简单，但方式是有区别的。这取决于你鞠躬致意的对象的社会地位和年龄。如果对方比你的地位高或年纪比你大，鞠躬角度应该更大，时间更长。此时弯腰鞠躬是礼貌的做法。男子通常将双手垂在身侧，女子则将双手叠放在大腿上，手指相触。如果是在非正式场合，类似于点头的鞠躬就可以了。最常见的形式是15度的鞠躬。你或许会觉得这种做法很怪异，但在日本还是试着要鞠躬。别人会认为你十分有礼貌！

【答案】Goodbyesaresocialritualsthatsignaltheendofanevent.

IntheUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStates,andmanyotherwesterncountries,leavingcommonpatternsofexpressionwithspecificformulae.Theserepresentationpatternsvarybytime,place,participant,andculture.Generallyspeaking,guestsshouldsaygoodbyetotheirhostfirst.Thereisnospecificrequestastowhichofthetwoguestsatthesameeventshouldsaygoodbyefirst.Interestingly,inwesterncountries,guestswhosubmittheirresignationsdonotleaveimmediately,butstayforanother10to15minutes.Outofpoliteness,guestshavetosaygoodbyetwoorthreetimestoshowthattheyreallydon’twanttoleave.Thehostwillsaygoodbyetotheguestsatthedoorwhenheseesthemoff.What’smore,theguestshouldexpresshisgratitudeforthehost’shospitality,andthehostshouldexpresshisdesiretogettogetheragain.

Seeingoffgueststakesmuchlonge