考研考博-英语-共青科技职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-共青科技职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thepriestmadetheofthe（

）crosswhenheenteredthechurch.

问题1选项

A.mark

B.signal

C.sign

D.gesture

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。句意:牧师进入教堂之前比划了一个十字。

Signofthecross为固定搭配，意为“十字架”,mark标记,记号;signal信号;gesture手势,makeagesture做手势；摆...姿态,但是通常不和thecross连用。故选C。

2.单选题

TheforeignstudentinChinais（

）withagooddealofChineseculture.

问题1选项

A.scattered

B.overflowed

C.permeated

D.manipulated

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项scattered“分散的，散乱的”；B选项overflowed“溢出的”；C选项permeated“渗透，弥漫”，bepermeatedwith洋溢着；D选项manipulated“操作”。句意：在中国的外国学生洋溢着大量的中国文化气息。选项C更符合语境。

3.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChineseontheANSWERSHEET.

Twoyearsago,theUnitedNationswarnedthatadiseasecalled“Panamacoulddestroy”muchoftheworldsbananacrop.Sincethen,thingshavenotgottenbetter.AnewoutbreakwasdiscoveredlastyearinAustralia.ThediseasestartedinAsiainthe1990s,andlaterspreadtoAfricaandtheMiddleEast.

WorldhealthofficialsworrythediseasecouldtraveltoLatinAmerica,oneofthetopbananaproducersintheworld.

(41)ThePanamadiseaseisabigconcernbecausebananasareanimportantsourceofincomeandnutrientsformillionsofpeople.Theyaregrownin135tropicalnations.TheUnitedNationslistsbananasasoneofthemostimportantfoods,alongwithrice,wheatandcorn.Bananasalsocontainachemicalwhichitsaysmakespeoplefeelhappy.

RandyPloetz,aprofessorattheUniversityofFlorida,isconsideredbymanyasAmerica’stopbananaexpert,or,“topbanana.”AsheexplainedPanamadiseaseaffectstheCavendishbanana,whichisthemostpopularamongmorethan500kindsofbananas.

“Theindustryiswakinguptotheproblem,”PloetzsaidThursdaybytelephonefromMiami,Florida,wherehewasattendingtheInternationalBananaCongress.

ThemeetingwassupposedtotakeplaceinCostaRica,butwasmovedatthelastminute.TherewereconcernsbananagrowerscouldspreadPanamadiseasefromdirtcollectedontheirshoes.Ploetzsaid.

(42)Ploetz(普罗慈)saidifthediseasespreadstoLatinAmerica,itcouldhurttheworld’seconomyalongwithfoodsuppliesformillionsofpeople.Still,hesaidthereisreasonforhope.ScientistsinAustraliaareworkingonageneticallyengineeredbananathatmightnotbeatriskofgettingPanamadisease.Buthewonderedifpeoplearereadytoacceptgeneticallyengineeredbananas.

RobertBertramischiefscientistfortheU.S.AgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID).Hesaidbananasareimportanttomanymillionsofpeopleallovertheworld.“InAfrica,AsiaandtropicalAmerica,bananasareanimportantfoodsourceformorethan100millionpeople,hetoldVOA.”Asacashcrop,bananasaresoldinlocal,regionalandinternationalmarkets,”Bertramsaid.Bananaexportsprovidejobsandforeignmoneythatproducingcountriesneed,hesaid.

BertramsaidUSAIDisorganizingaworldwideefforttoresistPanamadisease.Afungus,knownasTR4,causesthePanamadisease.Before2013Bertramsaid,itwaslimitedtoAsia.Sincethen,itspreadtotheMiddleEastandtoAfrica.Inthe1960s,thesamefunguswipedouttheGrosMichel,bananacrop,whichatthetimewastheworld’smostpopular.TheCavendishreplacedit.

(43)AtWageningen(瓦赫宁根)UniversityintheNetherlands,researchersarelookingforCavendish(卡文迪什)replacements.Theirworkisdifficult.ResearcherssaidthereplacementswillhavetoresistPanamadisease,andsurvivetheshippingtimeneededtogetbananastostoresthousandsofmilesawayfrombananafields.Andtheywillhavetotastegood.

【答案】41.【参考译文】

香蕉作为一项重大收入来源，同时又是数百万人的营养供给源，因此巴拿马病毒成为当前的一个大问题。全球盛产香蕉的国家有135个。联合国将香蕉，水稻，小麦和玉米列为最重要的作物。香蕉还富含一种能使人感到愉悦的化学物质。

42.【参考译文】

普罗慈说如果疾病扩散至拉丁美洲，它将威胁到世界经济以及数百万人的食品供应。他说，目前仍有挽救的余地。澳大利亚科学家们正研究可抵御巴拿马疾病的转基因香蕉，但是普罗慈认为人们是否能接受转基因香蕉仍然是一个问题。

43.【参考译文】

荷兰瓦赫宁根大学的研究人员正在寻找取代卡文迪什香蕉的新品种，这是一项艰巨的工作。研究人员表示，新品种香蕉需抵抗巴拿马疾病并能经得起长时间运输。因为香蕉需运输到几千公里外的市场。当然，得尝起来美味。

4.单选题

Asmarketersincreasetheircommunicationthroughbothprintandelectronicchannels,theopportunityfor_______isgrowingrapidly.

问题1选项

A.fraud

B.jargon

C.pledge

D.motivation

【答案】A

【解析】fraud欺诈,骗子;jargon行话;pledge保证,许诺,抵押;motivation动机。句意：当营销人员通过印刷和电子渠道加强沟通的时候，也为欺诈行为提供了快速增长的机会。选项A符合句意。

5.单选题

Hesettheengineofthecar（

）.

问题1选项

A.going

B.go

C.togoing

D.ongoing

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。setsth.doing表示“使……开始”；settodo表示“动手干（认真开始干，争论，拳赛，殴斗）”。此处表示使车的引擎发动，因此选A。句意：他发动了汽车的引擎。

6.单选题

Tothe（

）valuesofliberty,equality,andabenevolentChristianmoralitywerenowaddedthemiddle-classvirtues—especiallyofNewEngland—ofhardwork,honestyandintegrity,therewardsofindividualeffort,andobediencetoparentsandlegitimateauthority.

问题1选项

A.disproportionate

B.incipient

C.resplendent

D.participatory

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项disproportionate“不成比例的”；B选项incipient“初期的，初始的”；C选项resplendent“光辉的；璀璨的”；D选项participatory“供人分享的；吸引参与的”。句意：在自由、平等和仁慈的基督教道德观这些……的价值观之外，现在又增加了中产阶级的美德，尤其是新英格兰的中产阶级的美德：勤奋、诚实正直、个人努力的回报、对父母的服从和合法权威。与后面“中产阶级的美德”对应的只有“璀璨的价值观”。因此C选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Theideathatboththeparentsandthecommunityareresponsibleforthewell-beingofminorshasgainedacceptanceonlyinthetwentieth.

问题1选项

A.welfare

B.welcome

C.appearance

D.speech

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。well-being表示“幸福，康乐”。A项welfare“福利”，B项welcome“欢迎，接受”，C项appearance“外貌，外观”，D项speech“演讲”；句意：父母和社会都应该对未成年人的幸福负责的观点直到二十世纪才得到接受。根据句意该题选A。

8.单选题

Theproducersrefusedtoeventalkaboutresiduals.Theyputforthasimpleand（）question:

Whyshouldanyemployeebepaidmorethanonceforthesamejob?

问题1选项

A.compelling

B.component

C.competent

D.compulsive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项compelling“令人信服的，引人注目的”，B项component“组成的”，C项competent“有能力的”，D项compulsive“强制的”；句意：制片人甚至拒绝提到剩余工资并提出了一个简单而又引人注目的问题：为什么雇主要为一次同样的工作付两次钱？因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

15.

问题1选项

A.Thesmallpillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforesleep.

B.Theyellowpillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforesupper.

C.Thewhitepillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforebreakfast.

D.Thelargeroundpillsshouldbetakenthreetimesadayaftermeals.

【答案】D

【解析】M:Ijustwant

tocheckifyouunderstandwhichpillstotakeandwhen?

W:Theyellowoneinthemorningandtheothers,oh,Ithinkno,maybe,ah,bestifIwriteitdown!ThenIwon’tforget!

M:Hereissomepaper!Theyellowoneonceadaybeforebreakfast,thelargeroundonethreetimesadayaftermeals,thesmalloneswhenyouneedoneforsleeping.

Q:Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

【解析】细节题。男士说：Theyellowoneonceadaybeforebreakfast,thelargeroundonethreetimesadayaftermeals,thesmalloneswhenyouneedoneforsleeping。故选D。

10.单选题

I’venotevenreadthefirstchapter____finishedthewholenovel.

问题1选项

A.ratherthan

B.muchmore

C.aswellas

D.muchless

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.ratherthan而不是B.muchmore更加；多得多

C.aswellas也；和……一样D.muchless更不用说；不及

【答案】D

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】句意：我甚至还没读完第一章……看完整本小说。根据逻辑，小说第一章都没有看完，可推断更不用说看完整本小说了。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】我连第一章都没看完，更别说读完整部小说了。

11.单选题

Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.

Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(营养不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.

Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.

Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.

RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerable(易受伤害的)regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention”.Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed(有瑕疵的)”.

However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.

Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.

1.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?

2.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?

3.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?

4.WhatisSorenAndreasen’sviewofthereport?

5.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?

问题1选项

A.Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.

B.Ratesofdeathfromillnesshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.

C.Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.

D.Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.

问题2选项

A.Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.

B.Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.

C.Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.

D.Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.

问题3选项

A.Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.

B.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.

C.Itdeservesourclosestattention.

D.Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated.

问题4选项

A.Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.

B.Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined.

C.ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.

D.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.

问题5选项

A.Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming.

B.Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced.

C.Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscale.

D.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第二句Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutritionandheat-relatedhealthproblems.（研究发现，受人类影响的气候变化提高了包括营养不良和与高温相关的各种疾病的全球死亡率。），可知全球变暖造成疾病死亡率上升，没有说到贫穷国家的具体情况，B选项“由于全球变暖，疾病的死亡率上升了”正确，C选项“营养不良在贫穷国家造成了严重的健康问题”错误。A选项“全球气温影响经济发展的速度”：根据第一段Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear（全球变暖每年造成超过30万人死亡，约1250亿美元的经济损失。），可知全球变暖造成经济损失，而不是影响经济发展速度，故错误。D选项“经济趋势与人口和自然灾害有关”：根据第二段第一句Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.（这份将于周五发布的报告分析了有关健康、灾害、人口和经济趋势的数据和现有研究。），可知并没有指出这些研究内容的关系，故错误。因此B选项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.（但在发布之前，该报告就遭到了一些气候和风险专家的批评，他们质疑报告的方法和结论。），可知有的气候和风险专家对此提出质疑，A选项“它受到了一些气候和风险专家的质疑”正确。B选项“它引起了科学界的极大兴趣”，C选项“它受到了环保主义者的热烈欢迎”和D选项“它在发展中国家引起了很大的轰动”：文中没有提到这个报告在整个科学界和发展中国家的影响，也没有提到环保主义者对此的看法，故错误。因此A选项正确。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第一句RogerPielkeJr.,…saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”（RogerPielkeJr.说论坛的报告是“方法论上的难题”），可知Pielke不认同这份报告的方法，没有对其数据进行评价，B选项“从方法论来讲是无效的”正确，A选项“统计数据看起来很尴尬”错误。C选项“值得我们密切关注”：根据第五段第二句Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention”.（皮尔克博士说“气候变化是一个需要我们高度关注的重要问题。”），可知需要关注的是气候变化而非报告，故错误。D选项“结论被故意夸大”：文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第六段However,SorenAndreasen…sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.（然而，SorenAndreasen……称这些数字显然是粗略的估计。他说，这份报告的目标是世界各国领导人，他们将于12月在哥本哈根开会，就新的国际气候条约进行谈判。），可知报告的数据是粗略的估计，不是仔细收集的，A选项“报告的结论基于仔细收集的数据”错误；而这粗略的估计主要是给世界各国领导人看的，D选项“报告粗略估计是为了吸引世界领导人的注意”正确；这些世界各国领导人将出席哥本哈根，而不是说报告会在这个会议上引起热烈讨论，C选项“报告将在哥本哈根会议上引起热烈的讨论”错误。B选项“如果仔细核查统计数据，报告经不起推敲”：文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节。根据第七段第一句Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.（Annan在描述这份报告的新闻稿中强调，谈判有必要把重点放在增加从富裕地区向贫困地区的资金流动上，以帮助这些地区降低对气候灾害的脆弱性，同时仍然控制温室气体的排放。），可知Annan认为重点应该是富裕地区帮助贫困地区面对气候灾害，而不是如何解决全球性的问题，D选项“富裕国家如何更好地帮助贫困地区减少气候灾害”正确；A选项“富国和穷国如何分担遏制全球变暖的责任”，B选项“如何减少气候变化造成的人类和经济损失”和C选项“如何在全球范围内减少温室气体的排放”错误。因此D选项正确。

12.单选题

Itisobviousthat,（）self-awarenessisahealthyquality,overdoingitisharmful.

问题1选项

A.while

B.as

C.when

D.since

【答案】A

【解析】考查连词辨析。A选项while用作连词时，译为“当……时候，和……同时；虽然……，尽管……”；B选项as表原因；C选项when表时间；D选项since表原因。题干的意思是“很明显，虽然自我意识是一种健康的品质，（）过度的自我意识是有害的。”所以空格处应填while表转折。因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

Whenhewasonly10metersawayfromthefinishingline,theAfricanrunnersuddenly（）passingbytheotherrunners.

问题1选项

A.attempted

B.approached

C.accelerated

D.accessed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。attempt“企图，试图”；approach“走进；临近；处理”；accelerate“加速”；access“接近，使用”。句意：当他离终点只有10米远的时候，这位非洲跑步者加速超过了其他人。选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

Mr.Jenkinsdrovealongathisusualhighspeed（

）forpolicecarsinhismirrorfromtimetotimetomakesurehewassafe.

问题1选项

A.pullingout

B.runningthrough

C.goingahead

D.watchingout

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。pullout“离开；撤离；拔出”；runthrough“跑着穿过；浏览；挥霍”；goahead“前进；进行”；watchout“小心；提防”。句意：詹金森先生以自己平时的高速开车，时不时从后视镜提防警察，确保自己是安全的。选项D符合题意。

15.单选题

Whilesomeofficejobswouldseem（）tomanypeople,therearequiteafewjobsthatarestimulating,excitingandsatisfying.

问题1选项

A.hostile

B.tedious

C.fantastic

D.courageous

【答案】B

【解析】hostile敌对的,充满敌意的；tedious单调乏味的；fantastic极好的；courageous勇敢的。根据句意可知,填空处应该是和下文提到的刺激,令人兴奋和令人满意相反意义的词。所以选项B符合句意。

16.单选题

Thepuzzleofleft-handednessseemstobeamodestgrowthareaincurrentresearch.Oneofthelatestproposalslinksleft-handednessbothwithanoverproductionofthemalehormoneandwithdeficienciesinthebody’sautomaticdefensemechanisms,althoughitisnotclearwhethertheoverproductionofhormonecausesthedefensedefect,orissimplyonesymptomofageneralimbalance.Couldthisexplainwhy13percentofmalechildren,butonly10percentoffemales,areleft-handed?

Today,veryroughly10percentofthepopulationisleft-handed.Theoddthingisthatthispercentageseemstohaveremainedconstantthroughouthistory,andindeedthroughouthumanprehistory.Fromwrittenrecords,andevenpainting,researcherscangetaguidetotheincidenceofleft-handednessamongourrecentancestors

Lookingfurtherback,someexpertsclaimtobeabletotellfromtheshapingofflint(打火石)toolswhetherourStoneAgeforebearswereleft-orright-handedwhilethehabitofcavepaintersofleavinghandprints(as“signatures”)onwallsatleasttellsuswhichhandanindividualusedformarkingwalls.Theevidencesuggeststhat10percentofthepopulationwasleft-handed.

Thisisacommonevolutionarypatternwheretherearevariationsthateachprovidessomeadvantagefortheindividualthatcarriesthem,butnotanoverwhelmingadvantage,sothatallthevariationsexistsomewhereinthepopulation.

Abalanceisstruckinwhichtheproportionsofthepopulationinwhicheachversionisexpressedstayroughlythesameformgenerationtogeneration-asinthecaseofbloodgroups,forexample.Theremustbesomeadvantage,inDarwinianterms,inbeingaleft-handeramongapopulationofpredominantlyright-handedpeople.Butthisisverydifferentfromthepatternseeninmostanimals.

Ournearrelatives,thechimpanzees,alsoshowindividualpreferenceforonehandortheother,buthalfthechimppopulationisleft-handed.Evenratsshowthesamesplit-50percentleft-pawedand50percentright-pawed.Manmaynotquitebeuniqueamongmammals;therehavebeenclaimsthatpolarbearsaremorelikelytobeleft-handedthanright,althoughunderstandablyfewexperimentshavebeendonewithpolarbearsunderlaboratoryconditions.Butbycomparisonwithourcousinapes,itlooksasifresearchintoleft-handednessinpeoplemaybeaskingthewrongquestion.

Therealpuzzleisnotwhy10percentofpeopleareleft-handed,butwhy90percentareright-handed.Whathashappenedtothehumanspecies,inevolutionaryterms,totiltthebalanceawayfromleft-handersinfavorofright-handers?Whyismantheright-handedape?Nobodyhasasatisfactoryanswer.Butitisoneofthecuriositiesofscientificresearchthatstudiesofsomethingseeminglysomundaneasleft-handednessinpeoplecouldactuallyshednewlightonhumanevolution.

1.Thearticlesuggeststhatleft-handednessmightbedueto（）

2.Itappearsfromthearticlethat（）

3.Whatdowelearnaboutpolarbears?

4.Whatadvantageisshowninbeingaleft-hander?

5.Fromthepassage,wecanguesstheword“mundane”inthelastparagraphmeans（）.

问题1选项

A.ashortageofmalehormone

B.veryweakdefensemechanisms

C.anexcessofmalehormone

D.therebeingmoremalethanfemalechildren

问题2选项

A.thereweremoreleft-handedpeopleinancienttimes

B.thepercentageofleft-handershasn'tchanged

C.therewerefewerleft-handedpeopleinancienttime

D.thenumberofleft-handershasn'treallychanged

问题3选项

A.Itisimpossibletodolaboratoryexperimentswiththem.

B.Therearemoreright-handedthanleft-handedones.

C.Theyareprobablynotallleft-handed.

D.Therearemoreleft-handedthanright-handedones.

问题4选项

A.Noclearadvantageisshown.

B.Youalwaysbelongto,thesamebloodgroup.

C.Youbelongtoanimportantminority.

D.Youarefreetomakeachoice.

问题5选项

A.strange

B.ordinary

C.confusing

D.interesting

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段“Oneofthelatestproposalslinksleft-handednessbothwithanoverproductionofthemalehormoneandwithdeficienciesinthebody’sautomaticdefensemechanisms...”可知，最新一项研究表明左撇子可能与雄激素产生过剩以及人体自动防御机制缺陷有关，故A选项错误，C选项正确。原文指的是自动防御机制缺陷而非薄弱，故B项错误。D项内容与题目无关。因此，本题选择C选项最符合题意。

2.推理判断题。本题询问古今左撇子人数变化趋势。根据原文第二段第二句“Theoddthingisthatthispercentageseemstohaveremainedconstantthroughouthistory,andindeedthroughouthumanprehistory”可知，虽然随着人类发展，人口数目发生了变化，但是左撇子所占的比例几乎维持不变。因此，本题正确答案为B项。

3.细节事实题。题干询问北极熊的相关情况。根据原文倒数第二段“polarbearsaremorelikelytobeleft-handedthanright,althoughunderstandablyfewexperimentshavebeendonewithpolarbearsunderlaboratoryconditions”可知，虽然难以在实验室中对北极熊做实验，但是左撇子的北极熊更多，故B项错误，D选项正确。原文只是说针对北极熊进行的实验室实验比较少，但并不是说不可能，故A项与原文不符。在提及北极熊前，原文提到哺乳动物不止人类有左撇子和右撇子之分，则说明北极熊肯定也会有这样的区别，故C选项“它们可能不都是左撇子”错误。因此，本题正确答案为D。

4.细节事实题。题干询问左撇子有何优势。由原文第五段可知，用达尔文的话说，在以右撇子为主的人群中，左撇子肯定有一些优势。但这些优势是什么，文中并没有提及，故A项正确，B、C、D均未在原文出现。因此本题正确答案为A选项。

5.词义推断题。将“mundane”定位到原文最后一句。根据原文内容可推断左撇子的研究虽说表面上看起来不足为奇，但是却可能会对人类进化带来新的启示。故B项“ordinary”更符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。

17.单选题

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpeoplewhorefuseto（

）withthelawwillbepunished.

问题1选项

A.conceal

B.consent

C.abide

D.comply

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项conceal“隐藏，隐瞒”；B选项consent“同意，准许”；C选项abide“忍受”；D选项comply“遵守”。

句意：不言而喻，拒绝遵守法律的人将受到惩罚。complywith意为“遵守”，所以选项D正确。

18.单选题

Frequentculturalexchangewillcertainlyhelp（）friendlyrelationsbetweenourtwouniversities.

问题1选项

A.foster

B.harness

C.install

D.exhibit

【答案】A

【解析】句意:频繁的文化交流必将有助于促进我们两所大学之间的友好关系。

考查动词辨析。foster培养,促进;harness驾驭,利用;install安装,安顿：exhibit展览,显示,提出。由题干关键词“friendlyrelations(友好关系)”可知A符合句意。

19.单选题

ButneitherarepeoplewhobelieveintheUPOnarrativesirrational,much（

）crazy,astheyaresometimesdepicted.

问题1选项

A.more

B.less

C.as

D.like

【答案】B

【解析】考查语义。前面部分说到“两者都并非非理性的”，相应的空格这部分的修饰词也应选择否定意义。四个选项中只有B选项less符合要求，muchlesscrazy“更不用说疯狂的”。

20.不定项选择题

ThedevelopmentofjazzcanbeseenaspartofthelargercontinuumofAmericanpopularmusic,especiallydancemusic.Inthetwenties,jazzbecamethehottestnewthingindancemusic,muchasragtimehadattheturnofthecentury,andaswouldrhythmandbluesinthefifties,rockinthefifties,anddiscointheseventies.Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstisimprovisation,thechangingofamusicalphraseaccordingtotheplayer’sinspiration.Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedisajazzmusician’smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.Inearlyjazz,musiciansoftenimprovisedmelodiescollectively,thuscreatingakindofpolyphony.Therewaslittlesoloingassuch,althoughsomeNewOrleansplayers,particularlycometplayerBuddyBolden,achievedlocalfamefortheirabilitytoimproviseasolo.Latertheideaofthechorus-longormulticoursesolotookhold.LouisArmstrong’sinstrumentalbrilliance,demonstratedthroughextendedsolos,wasamajorinfluenceinthisdevelopment.

Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch“get-off”musicians.Unimproved,completelystructuredjazzdoesexist,buttheabilityofthebestjazzmusicianstocreatemusicofgreatcohesionandbeautyduringperformancehasbeenahallmarkofthemusicanditsmajorsourceofinspirationandchange.Theseconddistinguishingcharacteristicofjazzisarhythmicdrivethatwasinitiallycalled“hot”andlater“swing”.Inplayinghot,amusicianconsciouslydepartsfromstrictmetertocreatearelaxedsenseofphrasingthatalsoemphasizestheunderlyingrhythms.(“Rough”toneanduseofmoderatevibratoalsocontributedtoahotsound.)Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.Still,theproclivitytoplayhotdistinguishedthejazzmusicianfromotherinstrumentalists.

1.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

2.Accordingtothepassage,jazzmusiciansareabletodemonstratetheirindividualartistrymainlyby?

3.Whichofthefollowingwasthefunctionof“get-off”musicians?

4.Theword“unadorned”isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Thetopicofthepassageisdevelopedprimarilybymeansof（）.

问题1选项

A.Whichearlyjazzmusiciansmostinfluencedrhythmandbluesmusic?

B.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenjazzandotherformsofmusic?

C.WhyisdancingcloselyrelatedtopopularmusicintheUnitedStates?

D.Whatinstrumentscomprisedatypicaljazzbandofthe1920’s?

问题2选项

A.creatingmusicalvariationswhileperforming

B.preparingmusicalarrangements

C.readingmusicwithgreatskill

D.beingabletoplayalltypesofpopularmusic

问题3选项

A.Assisttheotherbandmembersinpackingupafteraperformance.

B.Teachdanceroutinescreatedfornewmusic.

C.Leadtheband.

D.Providesoloperformancesinabandororchestra.

问题4选项

A.lovely

B.plain

C.disorganized

D.inexpensive

问题5选项

A.dividingthediscussionintotwomajorareas

B.presentingcontrastingpointsofview

C.providingbiographiesoffamousmusician

D.describinghistoricaleventsinsequence

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文中讨论了爵士乐和其他形式的音乐，文章第一段提到Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstis…“有两个特点将爵士乐和其他形式的音乐区分开来”，之后的段落就一直围绕着这两个特点展开，由此可知B选项“爵士音乐与其他形式的音乐最大的区别是什么”符合文章大意，A选项“哪位早期的爵士乐手对节奏和蓝调音乐影响最大”，并没有谈论很多乐手；C选项“为什么美国的舞蹈和音乐的联系那么密切”，文章没有谈及美国的舞蹈，只开始一句带过；D选项“什么乐器组成了19世纪20年代最典型的爵士乐队”，乐器方面也并未过多说明。因此B选项正确。

第2题:事实细节题。文章第一段提到Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedisajazzmusician’smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.和所有的艺术家一样，爵士音乐家追求自己独特的风格，即兴创作或意译是爵士音乐家展示自己个性的主要机会。A选项“在表演时创造音乐的变化”与原文意思相同；B选项“准备音乐改编”，不是准备好的音乐，而是即兴的；C选项“有技巧的阅读音乐”并未提及；选项D“能够演奏所有类型的流行音乐”也不对。因此A选项正确。

第3题:判断推理题。结合文章第二段Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch“get-off”musicians.“即使在二十世纪初，一些爵士乐队也有独唱的特色。类似地，表演乐团和嘉年华乐队通常也会有一两个这样的“get-off”音乐家。”可知，“get-off”音乐家的功能是独唱。A选项“演出结束后，协助其他乐队成员收拾行装”并未涉及；B选项“教新音乐的舞蹈动作”，文中只提到独唱并没有说舞蹈动作；C选项“领导乐队”与原文不符；D选项“在乐队或管弦乐队中提供独奏表演”与原文提到的独唱特色相对应。因此D选项正确。

第4题:词义推测题。由unadorned这个词定位到文章第二段倒数第二句话Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.“然而，并不是所有的爵士乐都是热门的，许多早期的乐队演奏的是未经修饰的已出版的流行歌曲。”由此可知，unadorned的意思为“未经修饰的，朴素的”。A选项“可爱的”意思不同；B选项“平的，普通的，朴素的”与之意思一致；C选项“紊乱的”错误；D选项“便宜的”可排除。因此B选项符合题意。

第5题:主旨大意题。结合51题内容，文中讨论了爵士乐和其他形式的音乐，文章第一段提到Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstis…“有两个特点将爵士乐和其他形式的音乐区分开来”，之后的段落就一直围绕着这两个特点展开叙述，所以这篇文章的主题主要是通过分开表述爵士乐区分其他音乐的两个特点展开的。A选项“把讨论分成两个主要部分”符合题意；B选项“提出相反的观点”，原文没有提出其他相反观点，B错误；C选项“提供著名音乐家的传记”，文中没有涉及音乐人物传记；D选项“按顺序描述历史事件”文章并未叙述历史事件，可以排除。因此A选项符合题意。

21.不定项选择题

Thefirstreactiononehastothequestionofviableapproachestothecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalweaponsisthattherearenosuchapproaches.Anditismostdifficulttodispensewiththisfirstreaction.Thereasonsarethatthenations,includingsomeofthesmallerones,arealreadydownstreamtoofar.ThelargerstoresofweaponsforCBwarfaremayberestrictedtothemajorpowers,butthereislittledoubtthatanincreasingcapabilityisproliferatingtosomeofthesmalleranddevelopingcountries.Whatusedtobelargelyapictureofresearchhasturnedtodevelopment,anddevelopmenthasturnedtomanufacturingandstockpiling.Thesubjectisshroudedinsecrecyanditisthesecrecywhichseemstoprovideanonstopmomentumtorealizethefullpotentialofthesetypesofweapons.Noonereallyknowswhatsomeoneelsemayhavereadyforemploymentinamilitarysituation.ThelargeandexpensiveprogramsintheUnitedStatesandRussiaareattributedtoeachother’s“largeandexpensiveprograms”.Knowledgeandcapabilityrequiredfordetectionanddefenseare