考研考博-英语-华东交通大学理工学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-华东交通大学理工学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Everyyearthousandsofpeoplearearrestedandtakentocourtforshop-lifting.InBritainaloneaboutHK$3,000,000’sworthofgoodsarestolenfromshopseveryweek.ThisamountstosomethinglikeHK$150millionayear,andrepresentsabout4percentoftheshops’totalstock.Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices.

Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateur,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves.Theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestoredetectives,who,assistedbyclosedcircuittelevision,two-waymirrorsandvariousothertechnologicaldevices,canusuallycopewiththem.Theprofessionalstendtogoforhighvaluegoodsinpartsoftheshopswheresecuritymeasuresaretightest.And,inanycase,theyaccountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting.

Thesameappliestothedeliberateamateurwhois,sotospeak,aprofessionalintraining.Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts.

Therealproblemisthepersonwhogiveswaytoasuddentemptationandisinallotherrespectsanhonestandlaw-abidingcitizen.Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofshop-lifterisrarelypoor.Hedoesnotstealbecauseheneedsthegoodsandcannotaffordtopayforthem.Hestealsbecausehesimplycannotstophimself.Andtherearecountlessotherswho,becauseofage,sicknessorplainabsent-mindedness,simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops.Whencaught,allareliabletoprosecution,andthedecisionwhethertosendforthepoliceornotisinthehandsofthestoremanager.

Inordertopreventthequiteincrediblegrowthinship-liftingof-fences,somestores,infact,aredoingtheirbesttoseparatethethievesfromtheconfusedbyprohibitingcustomersfromtakingbagsintothestore.However,whatismostworryingaboutthewholeproblemis,perhaps,thatitisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority.Itistheaircrafthijacksituationinanotherform.Becauseofthepossibilityofonepassengerinamillionboardinganaircraftwithaweapon,theother999,999passengersmustsubjectthemselvestosearchesanddelays.Unlessthesituationintheshopsimproves,intenyears'timewemayallhavetosubjectourselvestoabody-searcheverytimewegointoastoretobuyatinofbeans!

1.Whydoesthehonestpublichavetopayhigherpriceswhentheygototheshops?

2.Thethirdgroupofpeoplestealthingsbecausethey（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,law-abidingcitizens

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutthemaintypesofshop-lifting?

5.Theaircrafthijacksituationisusedinordertoshowthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Thereisa“shrinkage”inmarketvalues.

B.Manygoodsarenotavailable.

C.Goodsinmanyshopslackvariety.

D.Therearemanycasesofshop-lifting.

问题2选项

A.arementallyill

B.arequiteabsent-minded

C.cannotresistthetemptation

D.cannotaffordtopayforgoods

问题3选项

A.canpossiblystealthingsbecauseoftheirpoverty

B.canpossiblytakeawaygoodswithoutpaying

C.haveneverstolengoodsfromthesupermarkets

D.aredifficulttobecaughtwhentheystealthings

问题4选项

A.Abigpercentageofthetotallossesarecausedbytheprofessionals.

B.Thedeliberateamateurswillbepunishedseverelyiftheygetcaught.

C.Peoplewouldexpectthatthosewhocan'thelpthemselvesarepoor.

D.Theprofessionalsdon’tcausealotoftroubletothestoredetectives.

问题5选项

A."theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestores"

B.somepeople"simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops"

C."thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices"

D.thethirdtypeofshop-liftersaredangerouspeople

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices.（由于商店所说的“收缩”，诚实的公众不得不支付更高的价格）可知是“shrinkage”是原因，“shrinkage”是指前面的shop-lifting（店内盗窃）导致商场的损失，为了

弥补损失，因此诚实的顾客需要比以前付出更高的价格，因此选D。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateur,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves.（店内盗窃可分为三大类：专业窃贼，深思熟虑的业余窃贼和那些无法控制自己的窃贼）可知C选项“抵挡不住诱惑”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Andtherearecountlessotherswho,becauseofage,sicknessorplainabsent-mindedness,simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops.（还有数不清的其他人，由于年龄、疾病或明显的心不在焉，干脆忘了为他们从商店拿走的东西买单）可知B选项“可能没付钱就拿走商品”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Theprofessionalstendtogoforhighvaluegoodsinpartsoftheshopswheresecuritymeasuresaretightest.And,inanycase,theyaccountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting.（专业窃贼倾向于在安全措施最严格的部分商店购买高价值商品。而且，在任何情况下，它们只占因盗窃而造成的总损失的一小部分）可知A选项“总损失的大部分是由专业窃贼造成的”不正确，注意题干中问的是“NOTtrue”，因此选A。

5.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的thatitisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority.Becauseofthepossibilityofonepassengerinamillionboardinganaircraftwithaweapon,theother999,999passengersmustsubjectthemselvestosearchesanddelays.（这是又一个例子，无辜的大多数因为少数人的行为而受到惩罚和不便。由于每百万名乘客中就有一名乘客携带武器登上飞机，因此其他999，999名乘客必须接受搜查和延误）可知此处指“店内盗窃”与“飞机劫持事件”所带来的后果在本质上一样的，耽误了多数守法的人的时间，损害了他们的利益，因此选C。

2.单选题

Anorganizationisonlyasgoodasthepeopleitemploys.Selectingtherightpersonforthejobinvolvesmorethanidentifyingtheessentialordesirablerangeofskills,educationalandprofessionalqualificationsnecessarytoperformthejobandthenrecruiting（招募）thecandidatewhoismostlikelytopossesstheseskillsoratleastisperceivedtohavetheabilityandinclinationtoacquirethem.Thisisapurelyperson/skillsmatchapproachtoselection.

Workinvariablytakesplaceinthepresenceand/orunderthedirectionofothers,inaparticularorganizationalsetting.Theindividualhastofitinwiththeworkenvironment,withotheremployees,withtheorganizationalclimate,styleofwork,organizationandcultureoftheorganization.Differentorganizationshavedifferentcultures.WorkingasanengineeratBritishAerospacewillnotnecessarilybeasimilarexperiencetoworkinginthesamecapacityatGECorPlessey.

Poorselectiondecisionsareexpensive.Forexample,thecostsoftrainingapolicemanareabout£20,000.Thecostsofemployinganunsuitabletechnicianonanoilrig（石油钻塔）orinanuclearplantcould,inanemergency,resultinmillionsofpoundsofdamageorlossoflife.Thedisharmonyofapoorperson-environmentfitislikelytoresultinlowjobsatisfaction,lackoforganizationalcommitmentandemployeestress,whichaffectorganizationaloutcomes,ductivity,highratesofstaffchangeandabsenteeism,andindividualoutcomesi.e.physical,psychologicalandmentalwell-being.

Howeverdespitetheimportanceoftherecruitmentdecisionandtherangeofsophisticatedandmoreobjectiveselectiontechniqueavailable,includingtheuseofpsychometrictests,assessmentcentersetc.,manyorganizationsarestillpreparedtomakethisdecisiononthebasisofasingle30to45minuteunstructuredinterview.Indeed,researchhasdemonstratedthataselectiondecisionisoftenmadewithinthefirstfourminutesoftheinterview.Intheremainingtime,theinterviewerthenattendsexclusivelytoinformationthatreinforcestheinitial"accept"or"reject"decision.Researchintothevalidityofselectionmethodshasconsistentlydemonstratedthattheunstructuredinterview,wheretheinterviewerasksanyquestionsheorshelikes,isapoorpredictoroffuturejobperformanceanddoeslittlebetterthanmorecontroversialmethodslikegraphology（笔迹学）andastrology（占星术）.

1.Therightpersonforanorganizationshouldnotonlypossessnecessaryskillsforthejobbutalso（）.

2.WrongselectiondecisionswillleadtothefollowingoutcomesEXCEPT（）.

3.（）arethebestmethodtoidentifysuitableemployees.

4.Inanunstructuredinterview,（）willgreatlydeterminetheinterviewer'sfinaldecision.

5.Thispassageismainlyabout（）.

问题1选项

A.havetheabilityandinclinationtoacquiretheseskills

B.owneducationalandprofessionalqualifications

C.fitinwiththeorganization'senvironment

D.possesssimilarworkexperience

问题2选项

A.highertrainingcostsperperson

B.greaterdamageorcasualties

C.highjobsatisfaction

D.poorphysical,psychologicalandmentalwell-being

问题3选项

A.Psychometrictestsandassessmentcenters

B.Graphologyandastrology

C.Unstructuredinterviews

D.Structuredinterviews

问题4选项

A.thecandidate'sjobsatisfactionandorganizationalcommitment

B.theimpressionthecandidatemakesinthefirstfewminutes

C.thequestionstheinterviewerhappenstoaskthecandidate

D.thecandidate'scapabilitytocopewithanemergency

问题5选项

A.importanceofemployeeselection

B.futuretrendsinemployeeselection

C.bestmethodsofemployeeselection

D.popularmythsinemployeeselection

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的倒数第二句“...oratleastisperceivedtohavetheabilityandinclinationtoacquirethem.”或者至少被认为有能力和意愿获得它们。选项A符合原文。

2.细节推断题。根据第三段的内容可知，选项A，B，D在本段均有提及且正确，只有选项C不符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根最后一段第一句“...manyorganizationsarestillpreparedtomakethisdecisiononthebasisofasingle30to45minuteunstructuredinterview.”许多组织仍然准备在30到45分钟的无组织面试的基础上做出这个决定。选项C符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“Indeed,researchhasdemonstratedthataselectiondecisionisoftenmadewithinthefirstfourminutesoftheinterview.”事实上，研究表明，选择通常是在面试的前四分钟内做出的。选项B符合原文。

5.全文主旨题。本文主要介绍了应该选拔什么样的人才,错误的选拔会产生的后果以及选拔人才的方法,都是为人才选拔的重要性这一主题服务的。所以选项A正确。

3.单选题

Starvationprobablydoesn’tsoundlikeakeytolivingwellintooldage.Butasstrangeasitseems,calorierestriction,doneintermittently,appearstobeoneofthegatewaystolastinglong-termhealth.

Theconcepthasalreadybeenprovedeffectiveinmice,rats,dogsandmonkeys.However,verylimitedresearchhasbeendonetoevaluatethehealthimpactofcalorierestrictioninhumans.Inanimals,calorierestrictionisassociatedwithlongevity,decreasedriskforcancerandinflammatorydiseasesandlowercognitivedecline.Thechallengehasbeentotranslatetheconcepttotherealworldinwhichhumansneedtoeattogetthroughtheday.

Anewstudytestedoutamodifiedversionoftheconceptonhumans.ResearchersattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniahavedesignedwhattheycalla“fastingmimickingdiet”thatprovidesallthebenefitsofstarvingyourself",withalittlelessstarvation.

Theplanlastsforfivedaysamonth,withacyclethat’srepeatedforthreemonths.OnDayOne,adietereatsfoodfromtheprescribedplanthattotals1,090calorieswith10percentprotein,56percentfat,and34percentcarbohydrates.OnDaysTwothroughFive...dietersconsumejust725calorieswith9percentprotein,44percentfat,and47percentcarbohydrates.

Peopleonthedietatevegetablesoup,energybars,energydrinksandlow-caloriesnackchips,anddrankalotofchamomiletea.Theyalsotookvegetable-baseddietarysupplements.Onnon-dietingdaystheyatenormally.

Itmaysoundgimmicky,butVijg,oneoftheresearchers,saysexistingsciencealreadybacksuptheclaimthattheplancouldeffectivelyimprovehumanhealthandprolonglife.Inhumans,thedietprovidedanumberofphysiologicalchangesthatcouldreduceriskfactorsforage-relatedconditionssuchasreducedbloodglucoseandinsulinlevels.

Inessence,fastinghastheabilitytoimprovestressresponseonacellularlevel.Apersononthisprogramislikelytoloseweightovertime,butresearcherssaybetterhealthinoldageistherealbenefit.Withtherightmarketing,Vijgbelievesafastingmimickingdietcouldbecomethenextcommerciallybrandeddietcraze,likeAtkinsorPaleo.However,itcouldalsohavesomepracticalapplicationsinamedicalsetting.Aphysiciancouldprescribethediettoapatientforaspecificamountoftimebeforesurgery,chemotherapyandothertypesoftreatmentsandproceduresthatareknowntocausetraumaandstresstothebody.

1.Whatisthedifficultyintheresearchoftheeffectofstarvationonhumans?

2.Themodifiedversionoftheconceptrefersto（

）.

3.WhatkindoffoodisNOTallowedondietingdays?

4.Accordingtotheresearchers,whatbenefitscanpeoplegetbyfollowingtheplan?

5.AtkinsandPaleointhelastparagraphmostprobablyrefertobrandnamesof

（

）.

6.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Humansneedtoeatinreallife.

B.Animalsarefreefromdiseases.

C.Humansandanimalsresponddifferentlytostarvation.

D.Humansandanimalshavedifferentlifeexpectancy.

问题2选项

A.adietwithfruitsandvegetablesonly

B.aperiodicdietwithalittlefood

C.acalorie-consistentdiet

D.adietlastingforfivedaysonly

问题3选项

A.Energysupplements.

B.Sportdrinks.

C.Meatandfish.

D.Foodwithadditives.

问题4选项

A.Nicebodyshape.

B.Psychologicalwell-being.

C.Betterhealthinoldage.

D.Goodrelationswithothers.

问题5选项

A.healthyteas

B.populardiets

C.fastfood

D.weight-reducingmedicines

问题6选项

A.TheLessCalorie,theBetter?

B.SayNotoStarvation.

C.AProvedMethodofWeightManagement.

D.Coulda5-dayFastingDietProlongYourLife?

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词，可将信息点定位至原文第二段最后一句，“Thechallengehasbeentotranslatetheconcepttotherealworldinwhichhumansneedtoeattogetthroughtheday.(现实世界中人类需要吃东西生存，要把（饥饿状态对人们健康有益）这个理念传递给大众不是一件容易的事。)”从而得出本题答案。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“themodifiedversionoftheconcept”，可将信息点定位至原文第三段最后一句和第四段第一句。“havedesignedwhattheycalla“fastingmimickingdiet”thatprovidesallthebenefitsofstarvingyourself",withalittlelessstarvation.(设计了一种他们称之为“空腹模拟节食”的饮食方式，它提供了让自己挨饿的所有好处，而且减少了一点饥饿。)”“Theplanlastsforfivedaysamonth,withacyclethat’srepeatedforthreemonths.(该计划每月持续五天，每三个月重复一次。)”从而得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第五段。“Peopleonthedietatevegetablesoup,energybars,energydrinksandlow-caloriesnackchips,anddrankalotofchamomiletea.Theyalsotookvegetable-baseddietarysupplements.(节食的人喝蔬菜汤，能量棒，能量饮料和低热量的零食薯条，喝很多甘菊茶。他们还服用了以蔬菜为基础的膳食补充剂。)”从而得出本题答案。

4.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第六段第二句。“Inhumans,thedietprovidedanumberofphysiologicalchangesthatcouldreduceriskfactorsforage-relatedconditionssuchasreducedbloodglucoseandinsulinlevels.(对于人类，这种计划能够带来一些体质的变化，从而降低一些例如血糖和胰岛素等随着年龄增长而带来的健康风险。)”从而得出本题答案。

5.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“AtkinsandPaleo”，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段，根据“Vijgbelievesafastingmimickingdietcouldbecomethenextcommerciallybrandeddietcraze,likeAtkinsorPaleo.(Vijg认为，像Atkins和Paleo那样，模仿禁食的饮食可能会成为下一个商业品牌的饮食热潮。)”即可得出本题答案。

6.主旨大意题。根据“…calorierestriction,doneintermittently,appearstobeoneofthegatewaystolastinglong-termhealth.（间歇性地限制热量摄入，似乎是保持长期健康的途径之一。）”“fastingmimickingdiet（禁食模仿饮食）”，可知作者在本文探讨的是这种阶段性节食是否能够长寿。从而得出本题答案。

4.单选题

Physicalexercisehasthecapacitytobeusedtoattempttocontrolemotionalfeelings,to（

）thecaloriesconsumedinfoodandtocontrolbodysize.

问题1选项

A.makeup

B.passon

C.workoff

D.markdown

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。makeup“构成，编造”；passon“传递”；workoff“发泄，排除”；markdown“降低价格，记下”。句意为：体育运动有以下作用：可以用于控制情绪，排除从食物中所吸收的卡路里，并且控制体重。选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

I’venotevenreadthefirstchapter____finishedthewholenovel.

问题1选项

A.ratherthan

B.muchmore

C.aswellas

D.muchless

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.ratherthan而不是B.muchmore更加；多得多

C.aswellas也；和……一样D.muchless更不用说；不及

【答案】D

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】句意：我甚至还没读完第一章……看完整本小说。根据逻辑，小说第一章都没有看完，可推断更不用说看完整本小说了。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】我连第一章都没看完，更别说读完整部小说了。

6.单选题

InDisneylandeveryyear,some800,000plantsarereplacedbecauseDisneyrefusedto（

）signsaskinghis“guests”nottostepontherm.

问题1选项

A.putdown

B.putout

C.putup

D.putoff

【答案】C

【解析】词组辨析题。putdown镇压，贬低；putout熄灭，打扰；putup提供，建造，张贴；putoff推迟，阻止。

句意：在迪斯尼乐园，每年大约有80万个植物被替换，因为迪斯尼拒绝张贴告示要求游客不要踩到植物。选项C符合句意。

7.单选题

Somepeoplewanttomakeasmuchmoneyastheycanbecausetheybelievethatmoneycanbringthemfameand（）.

问题1选项

A.directory

B.morality

C.prestige

D.monopoly

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。directory"名录,目录";morality"道德;品行";prestige"威望;声誉";monopoly"垄断权。句意：有些人想尽可能多的赚钱，因为他们相信钱可以给他们带来名声和威望。选项C符合句意。

8.单选题

Hewasfilledwithapprehensionaboutthefuture.

问题1选项

A.fear

B.hesitation

C.excitement

D.eagerness

【答案】A

【解析】根据句意可知，apprehension意为恐惧。fear害怕，恐惧；hesitation犹豫；excitement刺激，兴奋；eagerness渴望，热心。选项A与之意思相近。

9.单选题

Itisverystrange,butIhadan（

）thattheplanewouldcrash.

问题1选项

A.inspiration

B.intuition

C.imagination

D.incentive

【答案】B

【解析】inspiration灵感，鼓舞；intuition直觉；imagination想象力；incentive动机，刺激。句意：虽然很奇怪，但我有一种飞机会坠毁的直觉。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Scientistsbelievethataconclusionwhichisdrawnreadilybeforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplatediscalled（）.

问题1选项

A.insincere

B.premise

C.premature

D.presumption

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。insincere“不诚恳的”，形容词；premise“前提，假设”；premature“过早发生的事物；早产儿”;presumption“假定，推定”。根据conclusion“结论”及beforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplated“在所有相关数据被收集、分析和考虑之前”可知“称为推定”符合语境，因此选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

Notuntilthe1980s（）inBeijingstarttofindwaystopreservehistoricbuildingsfromdestruction.

问题1选项

A.someconcernedcitizens

B.someconcerningcitizens

C.didsomeconcerningcitizens

D.didsomeconcernedcitizens

【答案】D

【解析】Notuntil位于句首应使用倒装。句子表示过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时，借助于助动词did并提前，concerning为介词，也可以看作动名词，表示使担忧，但选项C的表达不符合语法；concerned为形容词，在这里修饰citizens。所以选项D正确。

12.单选题

ColinmarriedmysisterandImarriedhisbrother,

makesColinandmedoublein-laws.

问题1选项

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.it

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。通过分析句子，可知空格处需要填入一个引导非限制性定语从句的关系词，因此选项C符合题意。句意：科林娶了我妹妹，我嫁给了他哥哥，这让我们俩亲上加亲。

13.单选题

Hedoesnot___asateacherofEnglishashispronunciationisterrible.

问题1选项

A.equal

B.match

C.qualify

D.fit

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项equal“等于；比得上”；B选项match“相配，相称；相似；与……成对；配对；”；C选项qualify“限定，修饰；使具有资格；证明……合格”；D选项fit“安装；使……适应；使……合身；与……相符”。句意：他不能___英语教师的工作，因为他的发音很糟糕。本句表达“他没有资格作为英语老师”，因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

Thefathercan’tevendisciplinehimself,______agoodexampletohischildren.

问题1选项

A.muchmoretoset

B.muchlesssetting

C.muchlesstoset

D.stillmoresetting

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项muchmore“更加；多得多”，后面接形容词；B选项muchlessdoing“更不用说”，后面可跟名词、代词和从句；C选项muchlesstodo非固定搭配；D选项stillmore“更加”。句意：这位父亲甚至不能约束自己，______给他的孩子做个好榜样了。根据语境，这里指不能约束自己，就更加不能做个好榜样了，B选项muchlessdoing“更不用说”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

The______ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

问题1选项

A.origin

B.generation

C.decent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词。A选项origin“起源，来源”，指事物开始出现的始点或其来源与出处；B选项generation“一代，产生”；C选项decent“正派的，得体的”，为形容词；D选项cause“原因，起因”，指某事件、后果等的起因。句意：这个词的起源是未知的，但肯定不是来自希腊语。

16.翻译题

2.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

和平与发展是当今世界的两大主题。维护世界和平，加强友好合作，促进共同发展是各国人民的共同愿望。当前，贫困、失业、难民、犯罪、人口膨胀、环境恶化、毒品泛滥、恐怖主义等问题仍然严峻，影响着全球的稳定与发展。中国与西方国家虽然国情不同，但在一系列重大国际问题上具有广泛一致的利益。我对中国同西方各国关系的改善与发展感到高兴。中国政府和人民愿在相互新生和平等互利的基础上，同包括西方国家在内的世界各国政府和人民一道，为和平与发展的崇高事业做出贡献。

【答案】参考译文：Peaceanddevelopmentarethetwomajorthemesintoday'sworld.Themaintenanceofworldpeace,strengtheningfriendshipandcooperationandpromotingcommondevelopmentarethecommonaspirationofallpeoples.Atpresent,poverty,unemployment,refugees,crime,apopulationexplosion,environmentaldegradation,drugtrafficking,terrorismandotherissuesarestillsevereandaffectglobalstabilityanddevelopment.AlthoughChinaandwesterncountrieshavedifferentnationalconditions,bothsideshavebroadlyconsistentinterestsinaseriesofmajorinternationalissues.IamdelightedtoseetheimprovementanddevelopmentoftheconnectionbetweenChinaandwestcountries.ThegovernmentandpeopleofChinawouldliketodevotetothegreatpeaceanddevelopmentonthebasisofmutualtrustandequalityandmutualbenefitwithallthepeopleandallthegovernmentsincludingwestcountries.

17.单选题

ThechancesofinfectionofBSEor"mad-cowdisease"maybeslight,butthatdoesnotstoppeople_______beefenmasse.

问题1选项

A.shunning

B.ignoring

C.disregarding

D.affronting

【答案】A

【解析】shun避开,避免;ignore不理睬,忽视;disregard漠视;affront公开侮辱，冒犯。句意：感染疯牛病的概率是很小的，但这并不能阻止人们大量食用牛肉。选项A符合句意。

18.单选题

People___thatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.

问题1选项

A.convinced

B.anticipated

C.resolved

D.assured

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项convinced“说服；使确信，使信服”；B选项anticipated“预料，预期；预见，预计（并做准备）”；C选项resolved“决定；溶解；使……分解；决心要做……”；D选项assured“保证；担保；使确信；弄清楚”。句意：人们___，垂直飞行运输将像今天的飞机一样运载数百万乘客。本句表达“人们曾经预计”，因此B选项正确。

19.单选题

WhenastronautNeilArmstrongsetfootonthemoonforthefirsttime,onJuly20,1969,itrepresentedoneofthemostinspiringachievementsinman’shistorytomillionsofpeoplethroughouttheworld.ButtoasmallorganizationcalledtheInternationalFlatEarthResearchSociety,itwasnothingmorethanapieceofcleverlystagemanagedscience-fictiontrickery.

AndArmstrong’shistoricwordswhensteppingdownfromtheEaglemodule(宇宙飞船船舱)ontothedustylunarsurfaceabout240,000milesfromearth—“onesmallstepforaman,onegiantleapformankind”—wasaphrasethatcouldhavecomeonlyfromthepenofascriptwriter.

Asforthepicturesreputedly(一般被认为地)takeninspaceshowingtheearthtobearotatingsphere,well,theywerejusttooludicrous(可笑的)forwords.Thesun,saytheFlatEarthier,circuitstheearthinsteadoftheearthrevolvingaroundthesun—anotionthatmostpeopletakeforgranted.

Thesociety,whosemembershipiscurrentlyestimatedtobeabout1,400,dismissesmuchofacceptedmodernthinkingabouttheshapeoftheearthassheernonsenseandisconvincedthattheentirehumanraceisbeingsubjectedtothegreatesthoax(骗局)inhistory.

FromitsheadquartersinLancaster,California,thesocietywagesawarofwordsthroughnewslettersandpamphletsagainsttheevilsofscience.

Thesocietywasfoundedabout1800inGreatBritainandtheUnitedStatesand,saysitsAmericanpresidentCharlesJohnson,wasdescendedfromtheZeteticsociety,whichtookitsnamefromanancientGreekphilosophicalschoolofskeptics.Itsurvivedunderthisnameuntil1956,whenitsgeneralsecretary,SamuelShelton,ofKent,England,changedthenametothepresenttitle.

Thesociety’sbeliefisthis:thattheearthisflat,withthelandmassesgroupedaroundthecentralpointoftheNorthPole.

TheAntarcticregionisnotthecompactislandmassitiscommonlybelievedtobebutanimpenetrableice-coldgirdle(环形物)aroundtheearth.TheFlatEarthierarguethattransantarcticexpeditionshaveneverhappened.Explorers,misledbyinstrumentfaults,merelytraveledanicyarewithinthegirdle.

1.TotheInternationalFlatEarthResearchSociety,man’sfirstlandingonthemoonwas______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthesociety?

3.Accordingtothesociety’sbelief,______.

4.Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthepassage?

5.Thispieceiswritten______.

问题1选项

A.oneofthemostinspiringeventsinman’shistory

B.onlyawell-conductedexperiment

C.justasmartly-performedtrick

D.ascience-fictionpieceproducedbyacertainscriptwriter

问题2选项

A.Itnowhasabout1,400members.

B.ItsheadquartersareinbothGreatBritainandtheUnitedStates.

C.Afteritsfoundationin1800,itwascalledtheZeteticSociety.

D.In1956,SamuelSheltonchangeditsnametothepresenttitle.

问题3选项

A.theearthisflatandtheArcticisanimpenetrableice-coldgirdlearoundtheearth

B.theAntarcticregionisacompactislandmass

C.someexplorershadmadesuccessfultransantarcticexpeditions

D.muchoftheacceptedmodernthinkingabouttheshapeoftheearthissheernonsense

问题4选项

A.TheInternationalFlatEarthResearchSociety

B.Man’sFirstLandingontheMoon

C.TheZeteticSociety

D.TheEvilsofScience

问题5选项

A.inamatter-of-factway

B.inasarcastictone

C.withatouchofirony

D.asajoke

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句ButtoasmallorganizationcalledtheInternationalFlatEarthResearchSociety,itwasnothingmorethanapieceofcleverlystagemanagedscience-fictiontrickery.（但是对一个叫做国际扁平地球研究协会的小组织来说，这只不过是一个巧妙的舞台管理的科幻把戏。），说明国际扁平地球研究协会认为人类首次登月是一个巧妙的把戏。因此C选项“只是一个聪明的把戏”正确。A选项“是人类历史上最鼓舞人心的事件之一”，B选项“只是一个精心设计的实验”，D选项“某位编剧制作的科幻作品”均不符合原文，所以A,B,D错误。

2.客观细节题。A选项“它现在有大约1400名成员”，由原文Thesociety,whosemembershipiscurrentlyestimatedtobeabout1,400（该学会目前的会员人数估计约有1400人）可知，A选项表述正确，排除A。C选项“在1800年成立后，它被称为探究协会”，由原文Thesocietywasfoundedabout1800…wasdescendedfromtheZeteticsociety…Itsurvivedunderthisname（该协会于1800年左右在英国和美国建立……是探究派的后裔……它一直沿用这个名字）可知，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“1956年，塞缪尔•谢尔顿将其名称改为现在的名称”，由原文until1956,whenitsgeneralsecretary,SamuelShelton,ofKent,England,changedthenametothepresenttitle.（直到1956年，它的秘书长，来自英国肯特郡的塞缪尔•谢尔顿，把这个名字改为现在的名称。）可知，D选项表述正确，排除D。B选项“它的总部既在英国又在美国”，由原文FromitsheadquartersinLancaster,California（在位于加州兰开斯特的总部）可知，它的总部在美国，B选项不符合原文，所以本题选B。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第二句TheFlatEarthierarguethattransantarcticexpeditionshaveneverhappened.（扁平地球论者认为穿越南极的探险从未发生过。），说明该协会不认同地球是一个球体的观点。因此D选项“关于地球形状的许多公认的现代思维完全是无稽之谈”正确。A选项“地球是平的，北极地区是围绕地球的一个不可逾越的冰冷带”，由原文可知，他们指的是南极地区，所以A错误。B选项“南极地区是一个紧凑的岛群”，由原文可知，他们认为南极地区并不像人们通常认为的那样是一个紧凑的岛群，所以B错误。C选项“一些探险家曾成功地进行过跨南极探险”，由原文可知，他们认为穿越南极的探险从未发生过，所以C错误。

4.主旨大意题。结合全文可知，文章首先引入了国际扁平地球研究协会这个组织，接着介绍了他们的一系列观点。因此A选项“国际扁平地球研究协会”符合文章主旨，最适合作为文章标题。B选项“人类首次登月”，C选项“探究学会”只涉及到了文章的部分内容，不能概括文章主旨，所以B,C错误。D选项“科学的弊端”，这是国际扁平地球研究协会的一个观点，不符合文章主旨，所以D错误。

5.观点态度题。结合全文可知，作者看似客观地陈述了该协会的观点，但文章一开始就正面阐明了登月属于鼓舞人心的科学成就，而该协会却持有相反观点，暗含了作者的讽刺之意。因此C选项“带有讽刺意味”正确。A选项“以实事求是的方式”，B选项“以讽刺的口吻”，D选项“作为一个笑话”均不符合题意，所以A,B,D错误。

20.单选题

ThePortuguesegiveagreatdealofcredittoonemanforhavingpromotedseatravel,thatman（）

PrinceHenrythenavigator,wholivedinthe15th

century.

问题1选项

A.was

B.named

C.being

D.called

【答案】B

【解析】考查分词的独立主格结构。分词做状语时其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致,

若不一致时,

则要加上自己的逻辑主语。选项B正确。句意：葡萄牙人非常赞赏一个人,

因为他促进了海上旅行,

这个人就是生活在15世纪的航海家亨利王子。

21.单选题

There’salwaysintensemediacoverageofairplanecrashesandthatcanreallyplayintopeople’sfearsandskewtheirperceptionsofhowsafeitistofly.Theunderlinedpartmeans（）.

问题1选项

A.misconceive

B.distort

C.change

D.preoccupy

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项misconceive“误解，误会”；B选项distort“扭曲；使失真；曲解”；C选项change“改变”；D选项preoccupy“（使）全神贯注；提前占据”。句意：媒体总是对飞机失事进行密集报道，这真的会加剧人们的恐惧，他们对飞行安全的认知。根据句意和常识可以推断，当媒体