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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京工商大学考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Duringperiodsofsocialandculturalstability,manyartacademiesaresofirmlycontrolledbythatallrealcreativeworkmustbedoneby(

)thedisenfranchised.

问题1选项

A.managers

B.dogmatists

C.imposters

D.specialists

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。disenfranchised被剥夺公民权的;manager“经理;管理人员”;dogmatist“教条主义者;独断家;独断论者”;imposter“骗子;冒名顶替者”;specialist“专家;专门医师”。句意:在社会和文化稳定时期,很多艺术学院如此牢固地被教条主义者控制,以至于所有真正有创造性的工作都由被剥夺了公民权的人来完成。由allrealcreativeworkmustbedonebythedisenfranchised.可知B项符合题意。

2.单选题

Rememberthatonlyafewofthelivingthingsthatareproducedcanlive.Ingeneral,those

livethatarebestfittedforliving(

)theydo.

问题1选项

A.where

B.what

C.why

D.how

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法。where引导定语从句,即thoselivethatarebestfittedforlivingwheretheydo(willlive).句意:记住只有少数被生产出来的生物才能生存。一般来说,只有那些生活在最适合它们生活的地方的生物才能生存。

3.单选题

AfewyearsagoaloneAmericancampaignerwroteabookinwhichhesetoutthemainpointsofhisfascinatingcrusade―toabolishtelevision.HisbookFourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevisionisanAmericancultbestseller,andaftereighteditionsitisstillgeneratingconcernandsavagedebateintheUSA.

JerryMander,aformeradvertisingexpertisconvincedthatforthesakeofourfreedom,andmentalandphysicalhealth,weshouldlearntolivewithoutTV.ThroughhisadvertisingbackgroundManderisawarehowmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertising.Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitasadeep,profoundanddisturbingactbythefewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.And,evenwithoutcommercials,heseesTVasdisturbingbecauseitcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave.Picturesformedby300,000tinydancingdotsaltering30timespersecond,bombardtheireyesaspeoplescantheimages10timesasecond.Thebrainregistersandstoresall30images,buttheconsciousmindregistersfarfewer.But,arguesMander,evenifyourejectordoubtwhatyouseeconsciously,itistoolate,thecrucialmessageshavegonehome.

HefurtherarguesthatTVisdeadeningexperienceasitisrestrictedtojusttwosenses—sightandsound.“Perceptionisdulledandflattered”,saysMander,“whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.”Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingaflickeringscreenandlisteningtoartificialsound.Nocultureinhistoryhasspentsuchanenormousamountoftimelookingatartificiallight,saysMander,andanotherworryingfactisthatprolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment.Researchersdonotknowiflife-longTVexposureisaphysicalriskornot,butasManderwouldargue,whyruntherisk?Itisimportantthatpeoplegetupnowandswitchoffbeforetheharmisdone,theymightalsobecomebrainwashed,orwhoknow,theymightevenbeapproachingdeath.

1.FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevisionisabookwhich().

2.JerryManderobjectstoTVadvertisingmainlybecause().

3.Manderthinkspeople’sfeelingsandbehaviourarechangingbecause().

4.BywatchingTVforseveralhourseverynight,Manderimpliesthat().

5.MandersuggeststhatviewingTVoverlongperiodsoftime().

问题1选项

A.causeddistresstomanyAmericans

B.achievedgreatsuccessoverseas

C.arousednation-wideinterest

D.expressedtheviewsofafascinatingman

问题2选项

A.theunderlyingprinciplesconcernmoney-making

B.itisineffectualingettingitsmessageacross

C.afewpeoplearedeeplydisturbedbyit

D.thevaluesitconveysareacceptedbyall

问题3选项

A.thebrainisdamagedbytoomuchsittingbeforethetelevision

B.theconsciousmindisincapableoffilteringimagestothebrain

C.theireyesscanaTVscreen10timesasecond

D.theconsciousmindisunabletorejecttheimageitsees

问题4选项

A.peoplewouldlosetheuseoftheirothersenses

B.people’sexperienceoflifewouldbecomedeadened

C.people’sabilitytorespondtoeventswouldlessen

D.peoplewouldcometodependononlytwosenses

问题5选项

A.couldleadtodeath

B.mightcausebraindamage

C.couldendangerpeople’shealth

D.wouldmakecellsmalignant

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段,“HisbookFourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevisionisanAmericancultbestseller,andaftereighteditionsitisstillgeneratingconcernandsavagedebateintheUSA.”,可知《消除电视的四个理由》是美国的狂热畅销书,经过八个版本之后,仍在美国引起关注和激烈的辩论。可判断出这本书引起了全国的兴趣。选项C符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第二段,“Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitasadeep,profoundanddisturbingactbythefewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.”,可知他认为,广告是为了利益而植入价值观,是少数人为了一个不重要的目的对多数人采取的一种深刻而烦扰的行为。可判断出JerryMander反对电视广告主要是因为其基本原则与利益相关。选项A符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第二段,“…arguesMander,evenifyourejectordoubtwhatyouseeconsciously,itistoolate,thecrucialmessageshavegonehome.”,可知曼德认为,即使你有意识地拒绝或怀疑你所看到的一切,也为时已晚,关键的信息已经传达到家了。可判断出曼德认为人们的情感和行为正在发生变化的原因在于有意识的大脑无法过滤传递到大脑的信息,人们已经潜意识里受到了影响。选项B符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第三段,“Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingaflickeringscreenandlisteningtoartificialsound.”,可知人们只是被动地坐着,每晚看四个小时闪烁的屏幕,听虚拟的声音。可推断出曼德认为,每晚看几个小时的电视会使人们变得被动,反应能力会减弱。选项C符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章第三段,“saysMander,andanotherworryingfactisthatprolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,”,可知曼德认为,另一个令人担忧的事实是,长时间暴露在人造光下会改变人类细胞。可判断出长时间看电视对人体健康有害。选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Duringtheterroristattacks,theauthoritiesorderedto(

)theworkersandresidentsofhigh-profilebuildingsfromtheconstructions.

问题1选项

A.evict

B.evoke

C.evacuate

D.evade

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。evict“驱逐;逐出";evoke“唤起;引起”;evacuate“疏散;撤退;排泄”;evade“逃避;逃脱”。句意:恐怖袭击期间,政府要求疏散建筑物中引人注目的楼房中的工人和居民。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

OnlytheChinesehavesuccessfully()pandasandraisedtheirbabiesincaptivity.

问题1选项

A.bred

B.expanded

C.exerted

D.availed

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。Bred繁殖,饲养;expanded扩张;exerted运用,发挥;availed有利,有用。句意:只有中国人成功地繁殖了熊猫,并在圈养环境下哺育熊猫幼崽。选项A符合句意。

6.单选题

TheSpaceAge_____inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.

问题1选项

A.initiated

B.originated

C.embarked

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项initiate“开始,发起”,一般指活动,团体的产生;B选项originate“起源于,来自,产生”;C选项embark“上船,装船,从事”,后面常接介词on/upon;D选项commence“开始”,指重大事件及历史时期的开始。根据TheSpaceAge(太空时代)和thefirstartificialsatellite(第一颗人造卫星)可知是一件重大事件,因此选D。句意:太空时代始于1957年10月,当时苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星。

7.单选题

Surgicalprocedureshavemanyrisks________inthem.

问题1选项

A.attached

B.lying

C.inherent

D.unseen

【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动词辨析。A选项“附加的”;B选项“说谎的”;C选项“内在的,固有的”;D选项“看不见的”。句意:手术步骤本身()会有很多风险。根据句意我们可以排除B选项;attached一般和介词to搭配,所以A排除;unseen一般指肉眼看不见的,没有“潜在的”的意思,代入句子中不符合句意,所以排除D;根据关键词in,我们应该选C。

8.单选题

Forpeoplewithdisabilitiesrecentimprovementshavemadethetheatrefully(

)bywheel-chair.

问题1选项

A.accessible

B.available

C.pertinent

D.transparent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项accessible“易接近的;可进入的”;B选项available“可获得的;有空的”;C选项pertinent“恰当的;切题的”;D选项transparent“透明的;显然的”。句意:对于残疾人来说,最近的改进使剧院完全可以由轮椅······。此处涉及“剧院”和“轮椅”,显然A选项符合逻辑。

9.单选题

()thecalculationisright,scientistscanneverbesurethattheyhaveincludedallvariablesandmodeledthemaccurately.

问题1选项

A.Evenif

B.Asfaras

C.Ifonly

D.Solongas

【答案】A

【解析】考查连词短语辨析。A选项evenif“即使;虽然”,B选项asfaras“至于;直到”,C选项ifonly“要是……就好了”,D选项solongas“只要”;然后看到原句:()计算结果正确,科学家也无法肯定他们已经把所有的变量都包括进去并进行了准确的模拟。可以看出两个句子之间有转折让步的含义,因此A选项符合题意。

10.单选题

IfItakethismedicinetwiceadayitshould()mycold.

问题1选项

A.heat

B.cure

C.treat

D.recover

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:heat“使温暖,使发热”;B:cure“治疗,治愈”;C:treat“对待;治疗”;D:recover“恢复;重新获得”。句意:假如这种药我一天吃两次,它就可以治愈我的感冒。结合此处语境,和感冒相关,故B为正确答案。

11.单选题

SinceWorldWarII,therehasbeenaclearlydiscernibletrend,especiallyamongthegrowinggroupofcollegestudents,towardearlymarriage.Manyyouthsbegindatinginthefirststagesofadolescence,gosteadythroughhighschool,andmarrybeforetheirformaleducationhasbeencompleted.Insomequarters,thereismuchshakingofgrayinglooksandcluckingofmiddle-agedtonguesoverthewaysof"waywardyouth."However,emotionalmaturityisnorespecterofbirthdays;itdoesn'tarriveautomaticallyattwenty-oneortwenty-five.Someachieveitsurprisinglyearly,whileothersneverdo,eveninthree-scoreyearsandten.

Manystudentsaremarryingasanescape,notonlyfromanunsatisfyinghomelife,butalsofromtheirownpersonalproblemsofisolationandloneliness.Anditcanalmostbeputdownasadictumthatanymarriageenteredintoasanescapecannotproveentirelysuccessful.Thesadfactisthatmarriageseldomsolvesone'sproblems;moreoften,itmerelyaccentuatesthem.Furthermore,itisdoubtfulwhetherthehomeasaninstitutioniscapableofcarryingailthattheyoungareseekingtoputintoit;onemightsayintheologicalterms,thattheyareforsakingoneidolonlytoworshipanother.Youngpeoplecorrectlyunderstandthattheirparentsarewronginbelievingthat"success”istheultimategood,buttheyerroneouslybelievethattheythemselveshavefoundthetruecenteroflife'smeaning.TheirexpectationsofmarriageareessentiallyUtopianandthereforeincapableoffulfillment.Theywanttoomuchandtragicdisillusionmentisoftenboundtofollow.

Shallwe,then,jointhechorusof"Miserere,"overearlymarriage?Onecannotgeneralize:allearlymarriagesarenotbadmorethanalllateronesaregood.Satisfactorymarriagesaredeterminednotbychronology,butbytheemotionalmaturityofthepartners.Therefore,eachcasemustbejudgedonitsownmerits.Iftheearlymarriageisnotanescape,ifitisenteredintowithrelativelyfewillusionsorfewfalseexpectations,andifitiseconomicallyfeasible,whynot?Goodmarriagescanbemadefromsixteentosixty,andsocanbadones.

1.Accordingtothisarticle,thetreadtowardearlymarriages().

2.Accordingtothisarticle,successfulmarriagesaredeterminedbytheemotionalmaturityofthepartnersandnotby().

3.Moreoftenthannot,earlymarriagewill().

4.Youthfulexpectationsofmarriagecanbedescribedas().

5.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat().

6.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat().

7.Youngpeoplecanmarryearly().

问题1选项

A.istheresultoftheGreatDepressionofthe30s

B.cannotbeeasilydetermined

C.isonethatcanbeclearlyseen

D.isanoutgrowthofthemorallaxitybroughtaboutbyWorldWarII

问题2选项

A.financialconsiderations

B.parentalconsent

C.educationalbackgrounds

D.chronologicalage

问题3选项

A.notaffectone'sproblems

B.solveaperson'sproblems

C.intensifyone'sproblems

D.easeone'sproblems

问题4选项

A.Utopian

B.realistic

C.materialistic

D.tragic

问题5选项

A.peoplematureemotionallyatdifferentpaces

B.peoplethatmarryearlyhaveamiserablelife

C.allyoungpeoplemarryearlierthantheirparentsexpected

D.earlymarriagesareasbadaslatemarriages

问题6选项

A.itisnaturalforparentstobelieve"success"istheultimategood

B.youngpeoplemarryearlyforvariousreasons

C.youngpeopledateasearlyastheygotoelementaryschool

D.manyoldpeopleandthemiddle-agedpeoplethinkpositivelyofearlymarriages

问题7选项

A.iftheyarenotlonelyandisolated

B.iftheybelievethattheyareemotionallymature

C.iftheyarecapableofdealingwithpersonalproblems

D.iftheyholdfewillusionsforamarriageandeconomicallyaffordit

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“therehasbeenaclearlydiscernibletrend,especiallyamongthegrowinggroupofcollegestudents,towardearlymarriage.”可知,早婚是一个明显的趋势,所以选项C符合原文。

2.根据最后一段第三句“Satisfactorymarriagesaredeterminednotbychronology,butbytheemotionalmaturityofthepartners.”令人满意的婚姻不是由时间顺序决定的,而是由伴侣的情感成熟度决定的。选项D符合原文。

3.根据第二段第三句“Thesadfactisthatmarriageseldomsolvesone'sproblems;moreoften,itmerelyaccentuatesthem.”可悲的事实是,婚姻几乎不会解决一个人的问题;更多的时候,它只是在强调问题。也就是使问题变得更激烈,所以选项C正确。

4.根据第二段倒数第二句“TheirexpectationsofmarriageareessentiallyUtopian...”可知选项A正确。

5.根据第一段最后两句可知,情感成熟与年龄无关,有的人很早就实现了,有的人从未实现过。由此可知,选项A符合原文。其他选项均表述太绝对,所以不正确。

6.根据第二段第一句“Manystudentsaremarryingasanescape,notonlyfromanunsatisfyinghomelife,butalsofromtheirownpersonalproblemsofisolationandloneliness.”许多学生把结婚作为一种逃避,不仅是为了逃避不满意的家庭生活,也是为了逃避自己的孤立和孤独。由此推断,年轻人早婚的原因有很多。选项B正确。

7.根据最后一段倒数第二句“ifitisenteredintowithrelativelyfewillusionsorfewfalseexpectations,andifitiseconomicallyfeasible,whynot?”可知,选项D与原文描述一致。

12.单选题

Idon’treallyknowhowto(

)theproblem.

问题1选项

A.draw

B.deal

C.cope

D.tackle

【答案】D

【解析】根据句意可知这里指处理问题,选项A不符合句意;选项B和C后面都需要接介词with,所以只有选项D正确。

13.单选题

Fungi,ofwhichthereareover100,000species,includingyeastsandothersingle-celledorganismsaswellasthecommonmoldsandmushrooms,wereformerlyclassifiedasmembersoftheplantkingdom.However,inrealitytheyareverydifferentfromplantsandtodaytheyareplacedinaseparategroupaltogether.Theprincipalreasonforthisisthatnoneofthempossesseschlorophyll,andsincetheycannotsynthesizetheirowncarbohydrates.Theyobtaintheirsupplieseitherfromthebreakdownofdeadorganicmatterorfromotherlivingorganisms.Furthermorethewallsoffungalcellsarenotmadeofcellulose,asthoseofplantsare,butofanothercomplexsugar-likepolymercalledchitinthematerialfromwhichthehardouterskeletonsofshrimps,spiders,andinsectsaremade.Thedifferencebetweenthechemicalcompositionofthecellwallsoffungiandthoseofplantsisofenormousimportancebecauseitenablesthetipsofthegrowinghyphae,thethreadlikecellsofthefungus,tosecreteenzymesthatbreakdownthewallsofplantcellswithouthavinganyeffectonthoseofthefungusitself.Itisthesecellulose-destroyingenzymesthatenablefungitoattackanythingmadefromwood,woodpulp,cotton,flax,orotherplantmaterial.

Thedestructivepoweroffungiisimpressive.Theyaremajorcauseofstructuredamagetobuildingtimbers,acauseofdiseaseinanimalsandhumans,andoneofthegreatestcausesofagriculturallosses.Entirecropscanbewipedoutbyfungalattacksbothbeforeandafterharvesting.Somefungicangrowat+50℃,whileotherscangrowat-50℃,soevenfoodincoldstoragemaynotbecompletelysafefromthem.Ontheotherhand,fungibringaboutthedecompositionofdeadorganicmatter,thisenrichingthesoilandreturningcarbondioxidetotheatmosphere,TheyalsoenterintoanumberofmutuallybeneficialrelationshipswithplantsandotherorganismsInaddition,lungarethesourceofmarryofthemostpotentantibioticsusedinclinicalmedicine,includingpenicillin.

1.Whatdoesparagraphonemainlydiscuss?

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasamajorchangeinhowscientistsapproachthestudyoffungi?

3.Theskeletonsofshrimps,spidersandinsectsarementionedinparagraphonebecausethey()

.

4.FungihaveallthefollowingcharacteristicsEXCEPT()

.

5.Thepassagementions"penicillin"(lastline)asanexampleof().

问题1选项

A.differencesbetweensimpleandcomplexfungi.

B.functionsofchlorophyllinplants.

C.functionsofsugarinthewallsoffungalcells.

D.differencesbetweenfungiandplants.

问题2选项

A.Fungiarenolongerclassifiedasplants.

B.Somesingle-celledorganismsarenolongerclassifiedasfungi.

C.Newmethodsofspeciesidentificationhavebeenintroduced.

D.Theoriesaboutthechemicalcompositionoffungihavebeenrevised.

问题3选项

A.canbedestroyedbyfungi

B.haveunusualchemicalcompositions

C.containamaterialfoundinthewallsoffungalcells

D.secretethesameenzymesasthewallsoffungalcellsdo

问题4选项

A.Theygrowhyphae

B.Theysecreteenzymes

C.Theysynthesizecellulose

D.Theydestroycrops

问题5选项

A.amedicinederivedfromplants

B.abeneficialuseoffungi

C.aproductoftherelationshipbetweenplantsandfungi

D.atypeoffungithatgrowsatextremetemperatures

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:通读第一段可知,本段主要是讲真菌和植物的区别。

第2题:根据第一段的一、二句可知,真菌以前被列入植物类,但事实上它们与植物完全不同,因为它们没有叶绿素。所以这是真菌在科学家们研究的过程中发现的最重要的变化。选项A符合原文。

第3题:根据第一段“Furthermorethewallsof...andinsectsaremade.”此外,真菌细胞的细胞壁不像植物那样是由纤维素构成的,而是由另一种复杂的糖状聚合物几丁质构成的。这种聚合物被称为几丁质,是虾、蜘蛛和昆虫坚硬外壳的材料。选项C正确。

第4题:根据第一段后半部分“becauseitenablesthetipsofthegrowinghyphae,thethreadlikecellsofthefungus,tosecreteenzymes...”以及“Entirecropscanbewipedoutbyfungalattacksbothbeforeandafterharvesting,”可知,选项A,B,D都是真菌的特点,根据“thewallsoffungalcellsarenotmadeofcellulose”可知真菌无法合成纤维素。所以本题选C。

第5题:根据第二段内容可知,前半部分是讲真菌的坏处,后半部分则是讲真菌的有益之处,penicillin是作为一个例子来阐明其益处,所以选项B正确。

14.单选题

Successas(

)byeconomicoutputbearsnocloserelationshiptohumanachievement.

问题1选项

A.decided

B.achieved

C.assured

D.measured

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:靠经济输出来获得的成功与人类成就没有紧密的联系。achievesuccess“获得成功”,选项B符合题意。

15.单选题

Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull().

问题1选项

A.capacity

B.strength

C.length

D.possibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。capacity“能力,容量”;strength“力量,力气”;length“长度”;possibility“可能性”。句意:不出去工作的家庭主妇感到没有充分发挥自己的能力。A项符合题意。

16.翻译题

小班上课要求学生参与讨论,因此他们不再被动听课。在与老师和同学进行学术交流时,他们的能力大幅度提高。这种交流有助于教师在考试前了解学生掌握了哪些知识,因此能提高自己的教学质量。这样的课程需要教师们精力充沛、富有想象、认真思考,所有这一切可能令人身心疲惫,但却能促使学生对自己的学业负责。

【答案】Smallclassesrequirestudentstoparticipateindiscussions,sotheynolongerlistenpassively.Theirabilitiesaregreatlyimprovedinacademicexchangeswithteachersandclassmates.Thiskindofcommunicationhelpsteacherstoknowwhatstudentshavemasteredbeforetheexam,thusimprovingthequalityoftheirteaching.Suchcoursesrequireenergetic,imaginativeandthoughtfulteachers,allofwhichcanbeexhausting,butcanmakestudentstakeresponsibilityfortheirstudies.

17.翻译题

TranslatetilefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish

历代的智慧,几个世纪以来人类一直籍以为乐的故事,所有这些都可以从书中方便而又便宜的获得。但是我必须懂得如何利用这份宝藏,懂得如何才能使它对我们最为有益。世界上最为不幸的人,也就是那些从未体验过读好书之乐趣的人吧。

我对人最为感兴趣,喜欢结识他们,喜欢了解他们。我认识的一些非凡之人,首先存在于作者的想象之中,然后表现在作品的字里行间,最后在我的想象中重新显现。我在书中找到了新的朋友,新的社会,还有新的语言。

把你的一部分空闲时光用来培养阅读好书的爱好吧。爱读书的人从好书中不但得到乐趣,他们从中获得的那种精神粮食,从其它地方是很难得到的。尽管他们未必有意识地想到读书是为了提高才智。在不知不觉中,他们从书中吸取的知识积累起来,经过想象力的加工,对将来大有用处。

【答案】Allthewisdomoftheages,allthestoriesthatdelightedmankindforcenturies,areeasilyandcheaplyavailabletoallofuswithinthecoversofbooks.Butwemustknowhowtoavailourselvesofthistreasureandhowtogetthemostvaluefromit.Themostunfortunatepeopleintheworldarethosewhohaveneverexperiencedthejoyofreadingagoodbook.

Iammostinterestedinpeople,inmeetingthemandfindingoutaboutthem.SomeoftheremarkablepeopleI’vemetexistedonlyinwriter’simagination,thenonthepagesofhisbook,andthenagain,inmyimagination.Ihavefoundnewfriends,newsocietyandnewwordsinbooks.

Devotesomeofyourleisuretocultivatingaloveofreadinggoodbooks.Fromgoodbooks,moreover,theydrawmuchbesidesentertainment.Theygainmentalfoodsuchasfewcompanionscansupply,albeittheymaynotbedeliberatelyreadingtoimprovetheirmind.Allunconsciouslytheideastheyderivefromtheprintedpagedarestoredup,tobeworkedoverbytheimaginationforfutureprofit.

18.单选题

Tim’sutterly____bythatwoman.

问题1选项

A.offended

B.hostile

C.hurt

D.bewitched

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.offended冒犯v.(过去分词)B.hostile敌对的

C.hurt伤害v.(过去分词)D.bewitched使着迷v.(过去分词)

【考查点】修饰语与被修饰语的搭配以及介词搭配

【解题思路】首先,空格前有副词utterly“完全的;彻底的”修饰;其次,空格后搭配的介词为by,由此可推断,D选项bewitched“使着迷v.(过去分词)”最符合原句前后搭配。

【干扰项排除】

A选项offended“冒犯v.(过去分词)”,一般不与utterly搭配;

B选项hostile“敌对的”,与介词by搭配不当,该词常与介词to搭配;

C选项hurt“伤害v.(过去分词)”,一般不与utterly搭配。

【句意】Tim被那个女人彻底迷住了。

19.单选题

Thenewcolleague()tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporation’sbeforehejoinedourcompany.

问题1选项

A.confesses

B.declares

C.claims

D.confirms

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项confess表示“坦白;承认;供认”,B选项declare表示“宣布,申明,宣称”,D选项confirm表示“确认,确定,核实”,C选项claim表示“宣称,要求,索赔”。由句意可知,新同事宣称,他进入我们公司之前,在一些大公司里工作过。空缺处单词需与介词to构成搭配,因此本题正确答案为C选项。

20.单选题

Sheisveryresourceful,andshecanalwaysfindawayaroundanyproblem.

问题1选项

A.delightful

B.responsible

C.industrious

D.smart

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项delightful“可爱的,可喜的;讨人喜欢的;令人愉快的”;B选项responsible“负责的,可靠的;有责任的”;C选项industrious“勤勉的”;D选项smart“聪明的;巧妙的;敏捷的;厉害的;潇洒的;剧烈的;时髦的”。句意:她足智多谋,总能找到解决任何问题的办法。结合此处关键词resourceful“足智多谋的;机智的”,得知D为正确答案。

21.单选题

Theyearwas1959.Location:ThecentralAfricancityofLeopoldville,nowcalledKinshasa,shortlybeforethewavesofviolentrebellionthatfollowedtheliberationoftheBelgianCongo.AseeminglyhealthymanwalkedintoahospitalclinictogivebloodforaWestern-backedstudyofblooddiseases.Hewalkedawayandwasneverheardfromagain.Doctorsanalyzedhissample,frozeitinalesttubeandforgotaboutit.Aquarter-centurylater,inthemid-1980s,researchersstudyingthegrowingAIDSepidemictookasecondlookatthebloodanddiscoveredthatitcontainedHIV,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.

AndnotjustanyHIV.TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolatedandmaynowhelpsolvethemysteryofhowandwhenthevirusmadetheleapfromanimals(monkeysorchimpanzees)tohumans,accordingtoareportpublishedlastweekinNature.Dr.DavidHo,directoroftheAaronDiamondAIDSResearchCenterinNewYorkCityandoneofthestudy’sauthors,saysacarefulgeneticanalysisofsample’sDNApushestheputativeoriginoftheAIDSepidemicbackatleastadecade,totheearly1950soreventhe1940s.

Overthepast15years,scientistshaveidentifiedatleast10subtypesoftheAIDSvirus.Buttheycouldn’ttellwhethertheywereseeingvariationsononechangeablevirusorthehandiworkofseveraldifferentvirusesthathadmadethejumpfromprimatestoman.AcloselookatthegeneticmutationsintheLeopoldvillesamplestronglysuggeststhatallitlooktolaunchtheAIDSepidemicwasoneunluckyturnofevents.

BycomparingtheDNAofthe1959viruswiththatofsamplestakenfromthe1980sand1990s,HoandhiscolleaguesconstructedaviralfamilytreeinwhichtheLeopoldvilleisolatesitsrightatthejuncturewherethreesubtypesbranchout.The39-year-oldspecimenisalsostrikinglysimilartotheothersevensubtypes.Theclearimplication:alltheviralstrainscanbetracedbacktoasingleeventoracloselyrelatedgroupofevents.OnetheoryisthatAIDSstartedthroughcontactwithinfectedmonkeysinaremoteareaandspreadtotherestofthepopulationthroughurbanizationandmassinoculations.

ThefindingsunderscorehowrapidlyHIVcanadapttoitssurroundings,makingitdevilishlydifficulttodevelopeffectivevaccines.NooneknowshowmanymoresubtypesofHIVwillsproutinthenext40years,butchancesarethattheywillbeeverybitaslethalastheonesweseetoday,ifnotmoreso.

1.Whatdoesthephrase“BelgianCongo”mean?

2.Accordingtothisarticle,HIVinhumanbodyoriginatedfrom______.

3.ArethetensubtypesoftheAIDSvirusvariationofone?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttopicforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.BelgiumwasacolonyofCongo.

B.CongowasacolonyofBelgium.

C.BelgianCongowasanAfricanstate.

D.BelgiumandCongoweretwoseparatecountries.

问题2选项

A.animals

B.plants

C.food

D.notmentionedinthearticle

问题3选项

A.Yes.

B.No.

C.Scientistsarenotsureaboutitatpresent.

D.Itisnotmentionedinthearticle.

问题4选项

A.Alltheviralstrainscanbetracedbacktoasingleevent.

B.HIVcannoteasilyadapttoitssurroundings.

C.AIDSstartedthroughcontactwithinflectedmonkeysinaremotearea.

D.AIDSstartedthroughurbanizationandmassinoculations.

问题5选项

A.HowtoProtectYourselffromAIDS?

B.WhereDoesHIVComeFrom?

C.ClassificationofHIV.

D.WhenDidAIDSBegin?

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.语义推测题。由题干关键词“BelgianCongo”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Location:ThecentralAfricancityofLeopoldville,nowcalledKinshasa,shortlybeforethewavesofviolentrebellionthatfollowedtheliberationoftheBelgianCongo.(地点:非洲中部城市利奥波德维尔,现称金沙萨,就在比属刚果解放后暴力叛乱浪潮爆发前不久。),比属刚果是比利时对刚果殖民统治时期对刚果的称呼,说明“BelgianCongo”是指“比利时的殖民地刚果”。因此B选项“刚果是比利时的一个殖民地”正确。A选项“比利时是刚果的一个殖民地”,C选项“比属刚果是一个非洲国家”,D选项“比利时和刚果是两个独立的国家”均不符合题意,所以A,C,D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二句TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolatedandmaynowhelpsolvethemysteryofhowandwhenthevirusmadetheleapfromanimalstohumans,accordingtoareportpublishedlastweekinNature.(根据上周发表在《自然》杂志上的一份报告,利奥波德维尔样本是迄今为止分离出来的最古老的艾滋病病毒样本,现在可能有助于解开该病毒是如何以及何时从动物传染给人类的谜团。),说明人体内的HIV来源于动物。因此A选项“动物”正确。B选项“植物”,C选项“食物”,D选项“文章中没有提到”均不符合原文,所以B,C,D错误。

3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句Overthepast15years,scientistshaveidentifiedatleast10subtypesoftheAIDSvirus.Buttheycouldn’ttellwhethertheywereseeingvariationsononechangeablevirusorthehandiworkofseveraldifferentvirusesthathadmadethejumpfromprimatestoman.(在过去的15年里,科学家们已经确认了至少10种艾滋病病毒的亚型。但是他们不能确定他们看到的是一种可变病毒的变异,还是几种不同病毒从灵长类动物传染给人类的结果。),说明科学家还不能确定艾滋病病毒的十种亚型是一种的变异。因此C选项“科学家们目前还不能确定”正确。A选项“是”,B选项“不是”,D选项“文章中没有提到”均不符合原文,所以A,B,D错误。

4.客观细节题。A选项“所有的病毒菌株都可以追溯到一个单一事件”,由原文Theclearimplication:alltheviralstrainscanbetracedbacktoasingleeventoracloselyrelatedgroupofevents.(显而易见的是:所有的病毒毒株都可以追溯到一个单一事件或一组密切相关的事件。)可知,病毒毒株不只可以追溯到单一时间,还有密切相关的一组事件,所以A错误。B选项“艾滋病病毒不容易适应其周围环境”,由原文ThefindingsunderscorehowrapidlyHIVcanadapttoitssurroundings(这些发现强调了艾滋病毒适应环境的速度有多快)可知,艾滋病病毒很容易适应周围环境,所以B错误。D选项“艾滋病是通过城市化和大规模接种开始的”,由原文spreadtotherestofthepopulationthroughurbanizationandmassinoculations.(通过城市化和大规模接种传播到其他人群。)可知,艾滋病是通过城市化和大规模接种传播,而不是由其开始,所以D错误。C选项“艾滋病是通过与偏远地区的受感染的猴子接触开始的”,由原文AIDSstartedthroughcontactwithinfectedmonkeysinaremotearea(艾滋病起源于与偏远地区受感染的猴子的接触)可知,艾滋病是通过与偏远地区受感染的猴子接触开始的,C选项符合原文,所以本题选C。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文可知,文章首先描述了利奥波德维尔的一位看似健康的男性到医院抽血,25年后艾滋病研究者从中发现了艾滋病病毒。接着进一步强调并不只是发现了艾滋病病毒这么简单,之后介绍了该部分血液中发现的艾滋病毒并对其进行研究的重要意义。因此B选项“艾滋病病毒从何而来”符合文章的主旨,最适合作为文章标题。A选项“如何保护自己远离艾滋病”,C选项“艾滋病病毒的分类”在文中没有提及,所以A,C错误。D选项“艾滋病是什么时候开始的”只是文章的某一部分,不能全面地概括文章主旨,所以D错误。

22.翻译题

该法案旨在对美国中小学进行教育改革并使所有儿童有机会得到高质量的教育。最终目标是确保无一人落后。由于此法案的实施,学校有更多的灵活性把资源用于最急需的地方。父母可更多地参与孩子的教育。

【答案】答:

TheactaimstoreformAmerica’selementaryandsecondaryschoolsandgiveallchildrenaccesstoahigh-qualityeducation.Theultimategoalistoensurenooneisleftbehind.Asaresultoftheimplementationofthisact,schoolsenjoysmoreflexibilitytouseresourceswheretheyaremostneeded.Parentscanbemoreinvolvedintheirchildren’seducation.

23.单选题

Ideemthegirlwasinbadhealthbecausethehandshakewithherwasso______.

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