考研考博-英语-合肥科技职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-合肥科技职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.问答题

Inthesedays,withtherisingcostoflife(A),itis(B)dangerousfor(C)amarriedmantoriskhisplaceinhisprofessionorinhiscommunity(D).

【答案】试题答案：A;costofliving

【解析】考查名词辨析。life意为“生活，生命”，强调生活的状态；living意为“生活，生计，谋生”，强调生计，costofliving意为“生活成本”。

2.单选题

Thefirstpartofthispaperisthe______review.

问题1选项

A.literature

B.field

C.study

D.phenomenon

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项literature“文学，文学作品（literaturereview文献综述）”；B选项field“田，地，牧场”；C选项study“学习，研究”；D选项phenomenon“现象”。句意：本文的第一部分是______。根据语境，这里的paper指的是论文，结合词组literaturereview，A选项literature符合题意。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

Tomaintainaleadingpositioninthemarket,companieshavetodevelopproductswhicharecheaper,more（）andmorereliablethanthoseoftheircompetitors.

问题1选项

A.innovative

B.commensurate

C.enlightening

D.legitimate

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析题。innovative创新的，革新的；commensurate相称的，同量的；enlightening富有启发的；legitimate合法的，合理的，正当的。句意：为了在市场上保持领先地位，公司必须开发出比竞争对手更便宜、更创新、更可靠的产品。选项A符合句意。

4.单选题

4.

问题1选项

A.Hepreferstotakepillstogetantioxid.

B.Hepreferstogetantioxidantsfromfood.

C.Hedoesn’tmindeatingaloteveryday.

D.Heisovercautioussometimes.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Weneedanti-oxidantstopreventourselvesfromdevelopingcancer,butIdon’tliketakingpillstogetit.

M:Butyouneedtoeatamountainoffoodeverydaytogetalloftheanti-oxidantsyouneed.

W:Idrinkalotofgreentea;Ieatonion,garlicandcitrousfood.Ialsogetninedifferentcolorsofvegetableseveryday.

M:Allthosehaveanti-oxidants,butIwanttobeonthesafeside.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】固定词组。beonthesafeside意为“安全可靠，稳妥”。

5.单选题

Withtheconstantchangeoftheconditions,theoutcomeisnotalways（）.

问题1选项

A.favorable

B.predictable

C.dependable

D.reasonable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项favorable“有利的，良好的”；B选项predictable“可预测的”；C选项dependable“可靠的，可信赖的”；D选项reasonable“合理的”。句意：随着环境的不断变化，结果并不总是可以预测的。选项B符合语境。

6.单选题

His（

）wordsreachedtheeffecthewantedandpeoplegavemoneytohelphim.

问题1选项

A.elegant

B.eloquent

C.evil

D.excessive

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项elegant“优雅的”；B选项eloquent“有口才的，有说服力的”；C选项evil“邪恶的”；D选项excessive“极度的，过分的”。句意：他的能言善辩达到了他想要的效果，人们纷纷捐钱来帮助他。选项B符合语境。

7.单选题

Waterwillcontinuetobe（

）itistoday—nextinimportancetooxygen.

问题1选项

A.how

B.which

C.as

D.what

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法。后面破折号的内容是对前一句做进一步的补充说明，空格处所在句子为表语从句，所填词引导表语从句且在句中做宾语。故D项正确。句意：水将依然处于仅次于氧气的重要地位。

8.单选题

Thegloveswerereallytoosmall,anditwasonlyby（）themthatImanagedtogetthemon.

问题1选项

A.spreading

B.squeezing

C.extending

D.stretching

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。spread“传播，散步”；squeeze“压榨，榨取”;extend“延长，扩展”；stretch“伸展，拉伸”。句意：这副手套太小了，只有不停地拉伸它才能将它戴上。选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

Theawardsaddedlustertotheauthor'sreputation.

问题1选项

A.expression

B.distinction

C.passion

D.formality

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。luster意为“光泽，光彩”；expression意为“表示，表达，表露”；distinction意为“区别，优秀，荣誉”；passion意为“热情，激情”；formality意为“礼节，形式”。

句意：这些奖项为作者的声誉增添了光彩。

10.单选题

Wecan’thopetocompetewithotherbigcompanies（

）wehaveinferiorequipmentinourinstallationlinesandtrainingofourworkforce.

问题1选项

A.nevertheless

B.unless

C.if

D.oncondition

【答案】C

【解析】考查连词词义和词组辨析。nevertheless然而；不过；unless除非，如果不；if如果；即使；oncondition只要。根据前后句意推断C项符合题意，答案C。句意：如果我们在安装线上的设备和职工培训方面是较差的，那么我们就不能指望去与其他大公司竞争。

11.单选题

Threeweeksafterthesuicidebombing,thepolicewerestillhuntingforbombersfortheybelievemorewere（）.

问题1选项

A.onthevergeof

B.onthesly

C.onthespot

D.ontheloss

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词短语辨析。onthevergeof“濒临于；接近于”；onthesly“偷偷地”；

onthespot“在场；立刻；处于困境”；ontheloss一般与of连用表示“丧失”，此处填的介词短语应该与爆炸案件有关，所以此处只能选择onthespot表示“在场”（这里指的是在案发现场）。句意：自杀爆炸事件过去三周之后，警察仍然在搜捕爆炸者，因为他们相信……的人可能更多。故正确答案为选项C。

12.单选题

WoodcarvingbeganasanecessityinAmericaanddevelopedintoanart.Becauseofthelackofothermaterials,earlysettlerswereforcedtomaketoolsandutensilsoutofwood.Atfirst,thesearticleswerewhittledwithaknife,butwhenpioneercraftsmensetuptheirprimitiveshopsmostofthemwerefashionedonalathe—amachinewhichholdsanobjectandrotatesitwhileitisbeingshapedbyatool.

However,evenafterMassachusetts-bornThomasBlancharddesignedalathewhichcouldturnirregularshapes—aninnovationthat,madepossiblemassproductionofgunstocks,shoelasts,oblongandsquarewoodware—craftsmenwhocoulduseknifeandchiselskillfullywerestillindemand.Somefoundreadyemploymentinshopsofcabinet-makersandchair-makers,whileotherscarveddecoys(捕兽的圈套).Stillothersspecializedincreatingshopsigns,shipfigureheads,orindecoratinginteriorwoodwork.Afewevenacceptedcommissionstomakebusts(半身像)ofprominentcitizens.

36.ThispassagemostlikelycamefromalongerworkaboutearlyAmerican（）.

37.Thepassagesuggeststhattheearlyshopsformakingtoolswere（）.

38.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,beforeThomasBlanchard’sinvention,lathes（）.

39.Whichofthefollowingobjectwasanimportantwood-workingtoolusedbyearlyAmericancraftsmen?

40.Accordingtothepassage,whenwoodenarticlesbegantobemass-produced,whatdidmanyindividualwood-workersdo?

问题1选项

A.artsandcrafts

B.politicalleaders

C.loggingindustries

D.fashiondesign

问题2选项

A.notverysophisticated

B.knownfordoingveryquickwork

C.dependentonimportedmaterials

D.frequentedonlybyfashionablepeople

问题3选项

A.werenotmadeofwood

B.couldnotproducesquareobjects

C.werefoundonlyincabinmakingshops

D.couldbeusedtomakemosttoolsandutensils

问题4选项

A.Abust

B.Adecoy

C.Afigurehead

D.Achisel

问题5选项

A.TheymovedoutofMassachusetts.

B.Theyfoundwoodmakingspecializeditems.

C.Theymadedemandsongovernmentleaders.

D.Theytookjobsonshipsassailors.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】36.推理判断题。A选项artsandcrafts“艺术与手工艺”；B选项politicalleaders“政治领袖”；C选项loggingindustries“木材业”；D选项fashiondesign“时装设计”。定位在第一段第一句WoodcarvingbeganasanecessityinAmericaanddevelopedintoanart.（在美国，木雕开始是作为必需品，然后发展成为一门艺术。）本文主要围绕本句展开讨论，故选A。

37.推理判断题。关键词定位在第一段末尾句Atfirst,thesearticleswerewhittledwithaknife,butwhenpioneercraftsmensetuptheirprimitiveshopsmostofthemwerefashionedonalathe—amachinewhichholdsanobjectandrotatesitwhileitisbeingshapedbyatool.（起初，这些物品是用刀来切割的，但先驱工匠们建立他们原始的店铺时，大多数物品都是在车床上加工的。车床是一种机器，它可以固定物体，并能在物体旋转的同时进行加工。）而第二段中craftsmenwhocoulduseknifeandchiselskillfullywerestillindemand.（能熟练运用刀和凿子的工匠仍然供不应求。）由此可知，制作工具的早期商店还是不够精细的。A选项“不是很有经验的；不是很精致”，B选项“以工作速度快而闻名”，C选项“依赖进口材料”，D选项“只有懂时尚的人才会光顾”，BCD选项原文中并未提及，故选A。

38.推理判断题。定位在第二段的第一句However,evenafterMassachusetts-bornThomasBlancharddesignedalathecouldturnirregularshapes…（然而，即使是出生在马萨诸塞州的托马斯•布兰查德设计的一台车床也只能加工不规则形状的物体。）由此可以推理出在他发明的车床之前都是不能加工出有规则形状的物体。由此可知B选项“不能制造正方形的物体”正确。A选项“不是用木头做的”，文章并未介绍车床制作的材料。C选项“只能在橱柜店看到”属于无中生有。D选项“可以用来制造大多数工具和器皿”根据原文Becauseofthelackofothermaterials,earlysettlerswereforcedtomaketoolsandutensilsoutofwood.（由于缺乏其他材料，早期的定居者被迫用木头制造工具和器皿。）可以知道早期的车床只能做出木质的工具和器皿。可知D选项错误。故选B。

39.客观细节题。定位在第二段第一句的末尾处craftsmanwhocoulduseknifeandchiselskillfullywerestillindemand.（能够熟练使用刀和凿子的工匠仍然供不应求。）可知D选项“凿子”为正确答案。A选项“半身像”，B选项“捕兽的圈套”，C选项“装饰船头的人像”，A，B，C选项皆为成品，并不是工具类的物品，不属于工具，故选D。

40.推理判断题。定位在第二段的最后三句Somefoundreadyemploymentinshopsofcabinet-makersandchair-makers,whileotherscarveddecoys.Stillothersspecializedincreatingshopsigns,shipfigureheads,orindecoratinginteriorwoodwork.Afewevenacceptedcommissionstomakebustsofprominentcitizens.（一些准备在橱柜和椅子制造商中就业，而其他人雕刻捕兽的圈套。甚至，其他人专门做店铺招牌、装饰船头的人像或者装饰室内木制品。一部分木雕师甚至接受任务给名人做上半身塑像。”）因此可知，个体木工们找到并细分了自己这块工作的方向。由此可知，B选项“他们找到了木工制作的专门事项”正确。A选项“他们搬出了马萨诸塞州”，C选项“他们向政府领导人提出要求”，D选项“他们在船上当水手”ACD选项在原文中并未提及，故选B。

13.单选题

GREYINGPOPULATIONSTAYSINTHEPINK

Elderlypeoplearegrowinghealthier,happierandmoreindependent,sayAmericanscientists.Theresultsofa14-yearstudytobeannouncedlaterthismonthrevealthatthediseasesassociatedwitholdageareafflictingfewerandfewerpeopleandwhentheydostrike,itismuchlaterinlife.

Inthelast14years,theNationallong-termHealthCareSurveyhasgathereddataonthehealthandlifestylesofmorethan20,000menandwomenover65.Researchers,nowanalyzingtheresultsofdatagatheredin1994,sayarthritis,highbloodpressureandcirculationproblems—themajormedicalcomplaintsinthisagegroup—aretroublingasmallerproportioneveryyear.Andthedataconfirmsthattherateatwhichthesediseasesaredecliningcontinuestoaccelerate.Otherdiseasesofoldage—dementia,stroke,arteriosclerosisandemphysema—arealsotroublingfewerandfewerpeople.

Itreallyraisesthequestionofwhatshouldbeconsiderednormalageing,saysKennethManton,ademographerfromDukeUniversityinNorthCarolina.Hesaystheproblemsdoctorsacceptedasnormalina65-year-oldin1982areoftennotappearinguntilpeopleare70or75.

Clearly,certaindiseasesarebeatingaretreatinthefaceofmedicaladvances.Buttheremaybeothercontributingfactors.Improvementsinchildhoodnutritioninthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury,forexample,gavetoday’selderlypeopleabetterstartinlifethantheirpredecessors.

Onthedownside,thedataalsorevealsfailuresinpublichealththathavecausedsurgesinsomeillnesses.Anincreaseinsomecancersandbronchitismayreflectchangingsmokinghabitsandpoorerairquality,saytheresearchers.Thesemaybesubtleinfluences,saysManton,butoursubjectshavebeenexposedtoworseandworsepollutionforover60years.It’snotsurprisingweseesomeeffect.

OneinterestingcorrelationMantonuncoveredisthatbetter-educatedpeoplearelikelytolivelonger.Forexample,65-year-oldwomenwithfewerthaneightyearsofschoolingareexpected,onaverage,toliveto82.Thosewhocontinuedtheireducationliveanextrasevenyears.Althoughsomeofthiscanbeattributedtoahigherincome,Mantonbelievesitismainlybecauseeducatedpeopleseekmoremedicalattention.

Thesurveyalsoassessedhowindependentpeopleover65were,andagainfoundastrikingtrend.Almost80%ofthoseinthe1994surveycouldcompleteeverydayactivitiesrangingfromeatinganddressingunaidedtocomplextaskssuchascookingandmanagingtheirfinances.Thatrepresentsasignificantdropinthenumberofdisabledoldpeopleinthepopulation.IfthetrendsapparentintheUnitedStates14yearsagohadcontinued,researcherscalculatetherewouldbeanadditionalonemilliondisabledelderlypeopleintoday’population.AccordingtoManton,slowingthetrendhassavedtheUnitedStatesgovernment’sMedicaresystemmorethan$200billion,suggestingthatthegreyingofAmerica’spopulationmayprovelessofafinancialburdenthanexpected.

Theincreasingself-relianceofmanyelderlypeopleisprobablylinkedtoamassiveincreaseintheuseofsimplehomemedicalaids.Forinstance,theuseofraisedtoiletseatshasmorethandoubledsincethestartofthestudy,andtheuseofbathseatshasgrownbymorethan50%.Thesedevelopmentsalsobringsomehealthbenefits,accordingtoareportfromtheMacArthurFoundation’sresearchgrouponsuccessfulageing.Thegroupfoundthatthoseelderlypeoplewhowereabletoretainasenseofindependenceweremorelikelytostayhealthyinoldage.

Maintainingalevelofdailyphysicalactivitymayhelpmentalfunctioning,saysCarlCotman,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine.Hefoundthatratsthatexerciseonatreadmillhaveraisedlevelsofbrain-derivedneurotropicfactorcoursingthroughtheirbrains.Cotmanbelievesthishormone,whichkeepsneuronsfunctioning,maypreventthebrainsofactivehumansfromdeteriorating.

Aspartofthesamestudy,TeresaSeeman,asocialepidemiologistattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniainLosAngeles,foundaconnectionbetweenself-esteemandstressinpeopleover70.Inlaboratorysimulationsofchallengingactivitiessuchasdriving,thosewhofeltincontroloftheirlivespumpedoutlowerlevelsofstresshormonessuchascortisol.Chronicallyhighlevelsofthesehormoneshavebeenlinkedtoheartdisease.

Butindependencecanhavedrawbacks.Seemanfoundthatelderlypeoplewhofeltemotionallyisolatedmaintainedhigherlevelsofstresshormonesevenwhenasleep.Theresearchsuggeststhatolderpeoplefarebestwhentheyfeelindependentbutknowtheycangethelpwhenneedit.

“Likemuchresearchintoageing,theseresultssupportcommonsense,”saysSeeman.Theyalsoshowthatwemaybeunderestimatingtheimpactofthosesimplefactors.“Thesortofthingthatyourgrandmotheralwaystoldyouturnsouttoberightontarget,”shesays.

Completethesummaryusingthelistofwords,A-Q,below.

Writethecorrectletter,A-Q,inboxes1-10onyouranswersheet.

ResearchcarriedoutbyscientistsintheUnitedStateshasshownthattheproportionofpeopleover65sufferingfromthemostcommonage-relatedmedicalproblemsis（1）andthatthespeedofthischangeis（2）.Italsoseemsthatthesediseasesareaffectingpeople（3）inlifethantheydidinthepast.Thisislargelyduetodevelopmentsin（4）butotherfactorssuchasimproved（5）mayalsobeplayingapart.Increasesinsomeother（6）maybeduetochangesinpersonalhabitsandto（7）.Theresearchestablishesalinkbetweenlevelsof（8）andlifeexpectancy.Italsoshowsthattherehasbeenaconsiderablereductioninthenumberofelderlypeoplewhoare（9）whichmeansthatthe（10）involvedinsupportingthissectionofthepopulationmaybelessthanpreviouslypredicted.

问题1选项

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

问题2选项

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

问题3选项

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

问题4选项

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

问题5选项

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

问题6选项

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

问题7选项

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

问题8选项

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

问题9选项

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

问题10选项

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:I

第3题:F

第4题:M

第5题:J

第6题:C

第7题:N

第8题:K

第9题:G

第10题:A

【解析】1.根据文章第二段第二句，“Researchers,nowanalyzingtheresultsofdatagatheredin1994,sayarthritis,highbloodpressureandcirculationproblems—themajormedicalcomplaintsinthisagegroup—aretroublingasmallerproportioneveryyear.”，研究人员分析了1994年收集的数据结果，称关节炎、高血压和血液循环问题是这个年龄段的主要疾病，每年困扰的比例越来越小。可判断出与老年有关的疾病越来越少，比例正在下降。选项B符合题意。

2.根据文章第二段第三句，“Andthedataconfirmsthattherateatwhichthesediseasesaredecliningcontinuestoaccelerate.”，数据证实，老年疾病的下降速度继续加快。可判断出这种变化的速度不断提高。选项I符合题意。

3.根据文章第一段第二句，“…revealthatthediseasesassociatedwitholdageareafflictingfewerandfewerpeopleandwhentheydostrike,itismuchlaterinlife.”，与越来越少的人患上与老年相关的疾病，到很晚的时候才会发生这样的疾病。可判断出与年龄相关的疾病正困扰着越来越少的人，而且会出现得越来越晚。选项F符合题意。

4.根据文章第四段第一句，“Clearly,certaindiseasesarebeatingaretreatinthefaceofmedicaladvances.”，显然，某些疾病在“医学进步”面前正在退却。可判断出医学的进步导致了患病率的下降。信息M符合题意。

5.根据文章第四段第三句，“Improvementsinchildhoodnutritioninthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury,forexample,gavetoday’selderlypeopleabetterstartinlifethantheirpredecessors.”二十世纪上半叶儿童营养状况的改善，使今天的老年人比他们的前辈有了更好的开端。可判断出营养状况的改善是患病率下降的因素之一。选项J符合题意。

6.根据文章第五段第二句，“Anincreaseinsomecancersandbronchitismayreflectchangingsmokinghabitsandpoorerairquality,saytheresearchers.”，一些癌症和支气管炎的增加可能反映了吸烟习惯的改变和空气质量的下降。可判断出由于一些习惯的改变可能会增加其他的一些疾病。选项C符合题意。

7.根据文章第五段倒数第二句，“Thesemaybesubtleinfluences,saysManton,butoursubjectshavebeenexposedtoworseandworsepollutionforover60years.”，曼顿认为习惯的改变可能是微妙的影响，但是60年来人们暴露在越发污染严重的环境中，对疾病造成影响。可判断出污染也是疾病率的影响因素之一。选项N符合题意。

8.根据文章第六段第一句，“OneinterestingcorrelationMantonuncoveredisthatbetter-educatedpeoplearelikelytolivelonger.”，曼顿发现的一个有趣的相关性是：受教育程度高的人可能更长寿。可判断出疾病率还可能与教育程度相关。选项K符合题意。

9.根据文章第七段，“Thatrepresentsasignificantdropinthenumberofdisabledoldpeopleinthepopulation.”，残疾老年人的数量正在下降。可判断出这里提到的是有关于残疾的老年人数量下降的现象。选项G符合题意。

10.根据文章第七段最后一句，“AccordingtoManton,slowingthetrendhassavedtheUnitedStatesgovernment’sMedicaresystemmorethan$200billion,suggestingthatthegreyingofAmerica’spopulationmayprovelessofafinancialburdenthanexpected.”，据曼顿表示，减缓老龄化趋势为美国政府的医疗保险系统节省了2000多亿美元，这表明美国人口老龄化带来的经济负担可能比预期的要轻。可判断出人口老龄化问题的解决可以减少对这部分人口的开支。选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

TheMayacivilizationreacheditsperiodofgreatestdevelopmentaboutA.D.250andcontinuedto（）forhundredsofyears.

问题1选项

A.thrive

B.flourish

C.prevail

D.popularize

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。thrive繁荣,兴旺,主要指生长得健壮;flourish繁荣,兴旺,指健康地成长发展或处于发展的高峰;prevail盛行,战胜;popularize普及,推广。句意：玛雅文明大约在公元250年达到了其最伟大的发展时期,并持续繁荣了数百年。所以选项B更合适。

15.单选题

______theuseofnickelin1835,spoonsandforksweremademainlyofsilver.

问题1选项

A.Atthetimeof

B.After

C.Priorto

D.Superiorto

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项Atthetimeof“在……时候”；B选项After“在……之后”；C选项Priorto“在……之前”；D选项Superiorto“优于”。句意：在1835年使用镍______，勺子和叉子主要是用银制作的。根据语境，横线处需要表示时间关系，这里指的是在没有用镍制作勺子和叉子之前，主要是用银来制作，C选项Priorto“在……之前”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

16.单选题

Youshouldn'tdodamagetothisgrassland.It'snotyourpersonalbelongings.It（）thestategovernment.

问题1选项

A.belongsto

B.isbelongedto

C.belongedto

D.isbelongingto

【答案】A

【解析】句意:你不应该破坏这片草地。这不是你的私人物品。它属于州政府。

语法题。考查时态。此句应该用一般现在时，belongto表示“属于”。因此A正确。

17.单选题

Ithasbeenshownthatchildrenwhosmokehavecertaincharacteristics.Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious,theirworkdeteriorates(变坏)astheymoveupschool,theyaremorelikelytoleaveschoolearly,andaremoreoftendelinquent(犯法的)andsexuallyprecocious(早熟).Manyofthesefeaturescanbesummarizedasanticipationofadulthood.

Thereareanumberoffactorswhichdeterminetheonsetofsmoking,andthesearelargelypsychologicalandsocial.Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingtough,anticipationofadulthood,socialconfidence,theexampleofparentsandteachers,andsmokingbyfriendsandolderbrothersandsisters.

Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablished,butinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthority,especiallyparents,healthcareworkers,andteachers,isofprimeimportance.Schoolrulesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises(大楼及附属建筑物).ThisrulehasbeenintroducedatSummerHillSchoolwhereIspentmyrules,andeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporal(肉体的)punishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.Nevertheless,banningsmokingisprobablyonbalancebeneficial.Teacherstooshouldnotsmokeonschoolpremises,atleastnotinfrontofchildren.

1.Inthispassagetheauthorputsanemphasison______.

2.Whichofthefollowingisacommoncharacteristicofyoungsmokers?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Thewriterconcludesthatschoolrulestoforbidsmoking______.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardshiswritingis______.

问题1选项

A.theeffectofsmokingamongchildren

B.thedifficultyinpreventingchildrenfromsmoking

C.thereasonswhychildrenstartsmokingamongchildren

D.themeasurestobansmokingamongchildren

问题2选项

A.Disobedience.

B.Laziness.

C.Lackofintelligence.

D.Vanity.

问题3选项

A.Somechildrenstarttosmokeoutofcuriosity.

B.Manychildrenstarttosmokebecausetheywanttoappearmature.

C.Inordertohavefewerchildrensmokers,parents,teachersandhealthcareworkersshouldnotsmoke.

D.Itisnotasdifficulttopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokeastodissuadeadultsfromsmoking.

问题4选项

A.shouldbeintroduced,foritreallyworksattheschoolwhereheoncestudied

B.shouldnotbeintroduced,foritmaycausedisturbance

C.shouldbeintroducedthoughitmaynotworkeffectively

D.needn’tbeintroducedaslongasteachersdon’tsmokeinfrontofchildren

问题5选项

A.objective

B.emotional

C.critical

D.indifferent

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开头介绍了吸烟儿童的特点，接着介绍了导致儿童吸烟的因素，最后指出防止儿童吸烟非常困难，需要各界做出许多努力，结合全文可知文章的重点应该是放在防止儿童吸烟的困难上的。因此B选项“防止儿童吸烟的困难”正确。A选项“儿童吸烟的影响”，C选项“儿童开始吸烟的原因”，D选项“禁止儿童吸烟的措施”均不是文章的重点，需要A,C,D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious（与不吸烟的人相比，他们更叛逆），说明吸烟的儿童更叛逆，更不听话。因此A选项“不听话”正确。B选项“懒惰”，C选项“缺少智慧”，D选项“虚荣”在文中均没有提及，所以B,C,D错误。

3.客观细节题。A选项“有些孩子开始吸烟是出于好奇心”，B选项“许多孩子开始吸烟是因为他们想显得成熟”，由原文Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingtough,anticipationofadulthood（这些因素包括是否有香烟、好奇心、叛逆、显得强硬、对成年的期待）可知，好奇心和想显得成熟属于儿童吸烟的原因，A,B选项表述正确，排除A,B。C选项“为了让更少的儿童吸烟，父母、教师和卫生保健人员不应该吸烟”，由原文Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthority,especiallyparents,healthcareworkers,andteachers,isofprimeimportance.（权威人士，特别是父母、卫生保健工作者和教师树立的榜样至关重要。）可知，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“防止儿童开始吸烟并不像劝阻成人吸烟那样困难”，由原文Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablished,butinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.（防止儿童开始吸烟应该比说服成年人戒掉吸烟的习惯要容易得多，但事实证明这是非常困难的。）可知，防止儿童开始吸烟比劝阻成年人吸烟更困难，D选项不符合原文，所以本题选D。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三、四句Schoolrulesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises.ThisrulehasbeenintroducedatSummerHillSchoolwhereIspentmyrules,andeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporalpunishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.（校规应该禁止儿童在校内吸烟。这条规定已被引入夏山学校，在那里我推行了我的规定，甚至在那些试图通过体罚来强制禁止吸烟的学校，吸烟的人数也和其他学校一样多。），说明禁止吸烟的校规可能作用不大，但作者还是坚持引入这条规定。因此C选项“应该引入，尽管它可能不会有效地发挥作用”正确。A选项“应该实行，因为这在他曾经就读的学校里确实有效”，B选项“不应该实行，因为它可能会引起骚乱”，D选项“只要教师不在孩子面前吸烟，就不需要引入”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,D错误。

5.观点态度题。结合全文可知，文章客观分析了吸烟儿童的特点、原因，和为了防止儿童吸烟可以采取的措施，整篇文章的态度是客观的，不带有主观褒贬或个人感情色彩。因此A选项“客观的”正确。B选项“感性的”，C选项“批判的”，D选项“无动于衷的”均不符合题意，所以B,C,D错误。

18.单选题

Havingfinishedtheirmorningwork,theclerksstoodupbehindtheirdesks,（

）themselves.

问题1选项

A.expanding

B.prolonging

C.stretching

D.extending

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项expand“扩大，增加”；B选项prolong“延长，拉长”；C选项stretch“伸展”；D选项extend“延伸”。此处表示“伸展身体”，因此选C。句意：早上的工作做完后，职员们站在桌子后面伸展身体。

19.单选题

She’sgotso（）tolightmusicthatithasbecomeaconstantcompanionofherlife.

问题1选项

A.usetolisten

B.usedtolisten

C.usedinlistening

D.usedtolistening

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。getusedtodoingsth.为固定搭配，意为习惯于做某事。所以本题选D。

20.单选题

MosteconomistsintheUnitedStatesseemcaptivatedbythespellofthefreemarket.Consequently,nothingseemsgoodornormalthatdoesnotaccordwiththerequirementsofthefreemarket.Apricethatisdeterminedbytheselleror,forthatmatter,establishedbyanyoneotherthantheaggregateofconsumersseemspernicious.Accordingly,itrequiresamajoractofwilltothinkofprice-fixing(thedeterminationofpricesbytheseller)asboth“normal”andhavingavaluableeconomicfunction.Infact,price-fixingisnormalinallindustrializedsocietiesbecausetheindustrialsystemitselfprovides,asaneffortlessconsequenceofitsowndevelopment,theprice-fixingthatitrequires.Modernindustrialplanningrequiresandrewardsgreatsize.Hence,acomparativelysmallnumberoflargefirmswillbecompetingforthesamegroupofconsumers.Thateachlargefirmwillactwithconsiderationofitsownneedsandthusavoidsellingitsproductsformorethanitscompetitorschargeiscommonlyrecognizedbyadvocatesoffree--marketeconomictheories.Buteachlargefirmwillalsoactwithfullconsiderationoftheneedsthatithasincommonwiththeotherlargefirmscompetingforthesamecustomers.Eachlargefirmwillthusavoidsignificantpricecutting,becausepricecuttingwouldbeprejudicialtocommoninterestinastabledemandforproducts.Mosteconomistsdonotseeprice-fixingwhenitoccursbecausetheyexpectittobebroughtaboutbyanumberofexplicitagreementsamonglargefirms;itisnot.

Moreoverthoseeconomistswhoarguethatallowingthefreemarkettooperatewithoutinterferenceisthemostefficientmethodofestablishingpriceshavenotconsideredtheeconomiesofnon-socialist-countriesotherthantheUnitedStates.Theseeconomiesemployintentionalpricefixing,usuallyinanovertfashion.Formalprice-fixingbycartelandinformalprice-fixingbyagreementscoveringthemembersofanindustryarecommonplace.Weretheresomethingpeculiarlyefficientaboutthefreemarketandinefficientaboutprice-fixing,thecountriesthathaveavoidedthefirstandusedthesecondwouldhavesuffereddrasticallyintheireconomicdevelopment.Thereisnoindicationthattheyhave.

Socialistindustryalsoworkswithinaframeworkofcontrolledprices.Intheearly1970’stheSovietUnionbegantogivefirmsandindustriessomeoftheflexibilityinadjustingpricesthatamoreinformalevolutionhasaccordedthecapitalistsystem.EconomistsintheUnitedStateshavehailedthechangeasareturntothefreemarket.ButSovietfirmsarenomoresubject