考研考博-英语-兰州财经大学长青学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兰州财经大学长青学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thedebatesoverstemcellresearchduringthelastdecadehavebeenamongthemostheated（

）inthehistoryofscience.

问题1选项

A.conspiracies

B.contradictions

C.contentions

D.controversies

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。conspiracy意为“阴谋”；contradiction意为“矛盾”；contention意为“论点，争论”；controversy意为“公开辩论，论战”。

句意：过去十年中关于干细胞研究的争论是科学史上最激烈的论战之一。

2.单选题

Fourweeksafterthesuicidebombing,thepolicewerestillhuntingforbombersfortheybelievemorewere（）.

问题1选项

A.ontheverge

B.onthespot

C.ontheloose

D.onthesly

【答案】D

【解析】介词短语辨析。ontheverge“濒临,在…的边缘”;onthespot“当场,在危险中”;ontheloose“散漫,放荡”;onthesly“偷偷地,秘密地”。句意:自杀式爆炸事件发生四周后,警方仍在搜捕爆炸犯罪分子,因为他们相信还有更多的爆炸分子躲在暗处。选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

Iknowofnootherqualitiesthanthinkingwhichmakesfortheperfectionofthemind（）italonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts.

问题1选项

A.incase

B.providingthat

C.forallthat

D.inasmuchas

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。incase“以防”；providingthat“假如”；forallthat“尽管”；inasmuchas“因为”。句意：我想没有比思考更能完善人的思想的了，因为它让我们成为人类，与其他动物区分开来。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Pleasegivemybest______toyourfamily.

问题1选项

A.notice

B.attention

C.regards

D.cares

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项notice“察觉；通知”；B选项attention“注意力”；C选项regards“用在（bestregards）和（withkindregards）等表达方式中，表示对某人的良好祝愿”；D选项cares“关注”。句意：请代我向你的家人______。根据语境，这里是礼貌用语，表达对他人的关心，C选项regards符合题意。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Theresearchsuggestsawaveofpossibleprotectionismin2010assuchinvestigationsleadtothe（

）ofanti-dumpingpenalties.

问题1选项

A.disposition

B.distribution

C.imposition

D.allocation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。disposition“处置；倾向”；distribution“分布；分配”；imposition“征收；强加”；allocation“分配”。句意：研究表明，此类调查会导致一系列反倾销惩罚措施出台，在2010年可能会掀起一股保护主义热潮。只有C项能与anti-dumpingpenalties搭配。

6.单选题

Itisfinallyrealizedhowfoolishitistodevelopoureconomy（

）theenvironment.

问题1选项

A.forthesakeof

B.onbehalfof

C.atthecostof

D.intermsof

【答案】C

【解析】考察介词短语辨析。forthesakeof为了…；onbehalfof代表…；atthecostof以…为代价；intermsof在…方面。句意：人们终于明白了以牺牲环境为代价来发展经济是多么愚蠢的行为。选项C符合句意。

7.单选题

Thesecretarydidn’tknowwhohewas,orshe（）himmorepolitely.

问题1选项

A.willbetreating

B.wouldhavetreated

C.wastreating

D.wouldhavebeentreated

【答案】B

【解析】句子是对过去发生的事进行推测，所以应该用虚拟语气，首先排除选项A和C；根据句意可知，主语是she，是动作的执行者，所以为主动语态，选项B正确。

8.单选题

Environmentalissuesraiseahostofdifficultethicalquestions,includingtheancientoneofthenatureofintrinsicvalue.Whereasmanyphilosophersinthepasthaveagreedthathumanexperienceshaveintrinsicvalueandtheutilitariansatleasthavealwaysacceptedthatthepleasuresandpainsofnonhumananimalsareofsomeintrinsicsignificance,thisdoesnotshowwhyitissobadifdodosbecomeextinctorarainforestiscutdown.Arethesethingstoberegrettedonlybecauseofthelosstohumansorothersentientcreatures?Oristheremoretoitthanthat?Somephilosophersarenowpreparedtodefendtheviewthattrees,rivers,species(consideredapartfromtheindividualanimalsofwhichtheyconsist),andperhapsecologicalsystemsasawholehaveavalueindependentoftheinstrumentalvaluetheymayhaveforhumansorothersentientcreatures.

Ourconcernfortheenvironmentalsoraisesthequestionofourobligationstofuturegenerations.Howmuchdoweowetothefuture?Fromasocialcontractviewofethicsorfortheethicalegoist,theanswerwouldseemtobe:nothing.Forwecanbenefitthem,buttheyareunabletoreciprocate.Mostotherethicaltheories,however,dogiveweighttotheinterestsofcominggenerations.Utilitarians,forone,wouldnotthinkthatthefactthatmembersoffuturegenerationsdonotexistyetisanyreasonforgivinglessconsiderationtotheirintereststhanwegivetoourown,providedonlythatwearecertainthattheywillexistandwillhaveintereststhatwillbeaffectedbywhatwedo.Inthecaseof,say,thestorageofradioactivewastes,itseemsclearthatwhatwedowillindeedaffecttheinterestsofgenerationstocome.

Thequestionbecomesmuchmorecomplex,however,whenweconsiderthatwecanaffectthesizeoffuturegenerationsbythepopulationpolicieswechooseandtheextenttowhichweencouragelargeorsmallfamilies.Mostenvironmentalistsbelievethattheworldisalreadydangerouslyovercrowded.Thismaywellbeso,butthenotionofoverpopulationconcealsaphilosophicalissuethatisingeniouslyexploredbyDerekParfitinReasonsandPersons(1984).Whatisoptimumpopulation?Isitthatpopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible?Orisitthesizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfare—theaveragemultipliedbythenumberofpeople—isasgreataspossible?Bothanswersleadtocounterintuitiveoutcomes,andthequestionremainsoneofthemostbafflingmysteriesinappliedethics.

1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout（）.

2.Weowenothingtothefuturegenerations（）.

3.Populationpolicywetakeshouldbeconsidered（）.

4.Accordingtothispassage,optimumpopulation（）.

5.Thepropertitleforthispassageshouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.theintrinsicvalueofhumanexperiences

B.theintrinsicvalueoftheexperiencesofnonhumananimals

C.theintrinsicvalueofecologicalsystemasawhole

D.anancientethicalquestionaboutthenatureofintrinsicvalue

问题2选项

A.intheauthor’sopinion

B.fromasocialcontractviewofethics

C.forautilitarian

D.formostenvironmentalists

问题3选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.complex

D.reasonable

问题4选项

A.referstothepopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible

B.referstothepopulationsizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfarewillbeasgreataspossible

C.isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichremainstoberesolvedinthefuture

D.isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichDerekParfithassuccessfullysettledinReasonsandPersons

问题5选项

A.AMysteryinAppliedEthics

B.OurObligationstoFutureGenerations

C.EnvironmentalEthics

D.Environmentalissues

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干：第一段主要是关于_______。A选项“人类经历的内在价值”，B选项“非人类动物经历的内在价值”，C选项“生态系统作为一个整体的内在价值”，D选项“一个关于内在价值本质的古老伦理问题”,前三个选项在第一段中都有提到，但并不是主要问题的所在，而第四个选项，在第二句话中就点了出来，前三个选项是第四个选项的展开说明，故D是正确答案。

2.推理判断题。题干：我们不欠后代任何东西________。根据关键词“oweto”“futuregenerations”可以定位到文章第二段第三句话Fromasocialcontractviewofethicsorfortheethicalegoist,theanswerwouldseemtobe:nothing.（从伦理学的社会契约观点或道德自我主义者的角度来看，答案似乎是：什么都不亏欠。），可知，B选项“伦理学的社会契约观点”，是正确的。文章并没有提及作者个人观点，所以A选项“在作者的观点看来”排除。从文章第二段第五句话Mostotherethicaltheories,however,dogiveweighttotheinterestsofcominggenerations.Utilitarians,forone,wouldnotthinkthatthefactthatmembersoffuturegenerationsdonotexistyetisanyreasonforgivinglessconsiderationtotheirintereststhanwegivetoourown.（然而，其他大多数伦理理论确实考虑到了后代的利益。举例来说，功利主义者不会认为，后代成员还不存在这一事实，是我们对后代利益的考虑少于我们对自己利益考虑的任何理由。），所以C选项“功利主义者”排除。环境保护主义者也认为，我们应该为后代考虑，所以D选线项“环境保护主义者”排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

3.事实细节题。题干：我们采取的人口政策被认为是_______。根据关键词“populationpolicy”可以定位到文章第三段，第一句话明确指出Thequestionbecomesmuchmorecomplex,however（然而，问题会变得越来越复杂），所以本题的正确答案是C选项。

4.细节推理题。题干：根据文章，最适宜的人口数量_________。文章第三段后半部分提出了最合适的人口数量的问题。用两个问句提出对这一问题的两种可能的答案，即Isitthatpopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible?Orisitthesizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfare—theaveragemultipliedbythenumberofpeople—isasgreataspossible?(是在人口规模上，平均福利水平会尽可能高吗？或者是总福利的规模——平均乘以人口的数量——尽可能大？)，并在结尾的最后一句话中指出，andthequestionremainsoneofthemostbafflingmysteriesinappliedethics.（这一问题仍是应用伦理学中最令人不解的谜之一。），其意就是仍有待于将来解决，所以C选项“这是一个只能留到将来解决哲学问题”是正确答案。A选项“最适宜的人口数量指平均福利水平尽可能高的人口规模”，B选项“最适宜的人口数量指福利总额最大的人口规模”，A，B选项都是文章提出的问题，未被证实，所以不正确，D选项“最适宜的人口数量是一个困难的哲学问题，德里克•帕菲特在《理性与人》中成功地解决了这个问题”德里克•帕菲特只是在书中提到Whatisoptimumpopulation?但是并没有解决，所以D选项不正确，综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。

5.主旨大意题。题干：最适合文章的标题应该是________。本文主要讨论的并不是环境问题，而是由环境问题而引出的道德问题，A选项“应用道德中的谜”是最后一段提到的，B选项是“我们对下一代的责任”是第二段提到的，二者都不足以代表整篇文章的思想内容。所以本题的正确答案应该是C选项“环境伦理”。

9.单选题

Makingprivatephonecallsontheofficephoneisseverely（）oninourcountry.

问题1选项

A.criticized

B.regarded

C.objected

D.frowned

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：在我国，用办公室电话打私人电话会受到严厉的批评。选项A符合句意。frowned皱眉，不满。

10.单选题

A（）ofsoapandtwobrightlycoloredtowelswereleftbesidethebath,andthenthewomensmiledpolitelyatNicoleandwithdrewcarefullyfromtheroom.

问题1选项

A.loaf

B.bar

C.stick

D.block

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项loaf“条，一条面包”；B选项bar“块；条；酒吧”；C选项stick“棍；手杖；呆头呆脑的人”；D选项block“块；街区；大厦；障碍物”。句意：一块肥皂和两条颜色鲜艳的毛巾放在浴缸旁边，当时这个女人有礼貌地对着尼克尔笑，然后小心翼翼地离开了房间。abarof为固定搭配，abarofsoap意为“一块肥皂”，因此B选项正确。

11.翻译题

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

Inthemodernera,therewillbemuchtocelebratebecauseourcivilizationhasachievedbreath-takingadvancesinvirtuallyeveryfieldofhumanendeavour.Andyet,thesequantumleapsinhumanprogresscoexistwithadarkersidetoourcivilizationsuchasarmedconflict,whichmightdestroyentirecommunitiesinthequestforethnicity,religionorrace.Inthecontextofarmedconflict,childrenaretherealvictims.Manywerekilled,permanentlydisabled,displacedororphaned.Worsethanthat,someofthemarecurrentlyunderarmsaskillingmachines.Hence,theSecurityCouncilshouldsetoutitsgoal:advocatingforchildrenwhoarevictimizedormadeespeciallyvulnerable,aswellasmobilizingforconcreteactiontoensuretheirrights,protectionandwelfare.

B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

贸易增长在很大程度上取决于能源的供应。中东可以开采的原油还有一万亿桶。但是1974年的石油危机使人们对煤再度产生了兴趣并且去寻找可供选择的其它能源。在今后的年代里，太阳能、风能和核能将起到重大的作用。

【答案】A英译中【参考译文】

在如今这个时代，会有许多事情值得庆祝，因为几乎在人类努力的每一个领域我们的文明都取得了惊人的进展。然而，人类进步的这些巨大飞跃与我们文明的黑暗面并存，比如武装冲突，它可能会在寻求种族、宗教或种族的过程中摧毁整个社区。在（发生）武装冲突的情况下，孩子们是真正的受害者。许多人被杀害、永久致残、流离失所或者成为孤儿。比这更糟糕的是，现在这些孩子中的一些人被当作杀人机器武装了起来。因此，安全理事会应确定自己的目标：提倡保护受害或者特别容易受害的儿童，并动员采取具体行动，确保孩子们的权利、保护他们并且提供福利。

B中译英【参考译文】

Thegrowthoftradedependsonenergysuppliestoagreatextent.ThereisstillatrillionbarrelsofrecoverableoilintheMiddleEast.Butthe1974oilcrisismadepeoplereviveinterestincoalandsearchforalternativesourcesofenergy.Intheyearstocome,solar,windandnuclearpowerwillplayabigrole.

12.单选题

Fraserbloggedabouthistrip,whichseemstohavebeenafact-findingmissioninvolvinghim,turningup（）atvariousprimaryandhighschoolclassestoseewhatthestudentsarebeingtaught.

问题1选项

A.announced

B.toannounce

C.unannounced

D.tounannouncing

【答案】C

【解析】考查动名词辨析。A选项announced动词过去分词，“宣布”；B选项toannounce动词不定式，“宣布”；C选项unannounced动词的过去分词，“未宣布”；D选项tounannouncing不构成分词形式，这里的to属于介词。句意：弗雷泽用博客记录他的旅程，好像是在实行一个实况调查任务，……突然出现在各种小学和中学课堂上了解学生们正在被教授什么内容。根据关键信息afact-findingmission“实时考察任务”，可以推理出他的出现是没有事先通知的。因此C选项符合题意。

13.单选题

ASurveyhasfoundthatthreequartersofmenquiteenjoytheirfoodshoppingexperienceandarehappyto______theirwayaroundtheaislessearchingoutproducts.

问题1选项

A.drive

B.steer

C.navigate

D.voyage

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析与搭配。drive“推动；驾驶；驱赶”；steer“控制；引导；驾驶”；navigate“操纵；导航；航行”；voyage“航行；渡过”。四个选项虽都与驾驶、航行有关，但其中只有navigate可与one’swayaround搭配。句意：一项调查发现，四分之三的男性非常享受他们的食品购物体验，他们很乐意推车购物车来回寻找商品。因此C选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Ihearmanyparentscomplainingthattheirteenagechildrenarerebelling.Iwishitwereso.Atyourageyououghttobegrowingawayfromyourparents.Youshouldbelearningtostandonyourowntwofeet.Buttakeagoodlookatthepresentrebellion.Itseemsthatteenagersarealltakingthesamewayofshowingthattheydisagreewiththeirparents.Insteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirown,mostofthemareclutchingatoneanother’shandsforcourage.

Theyclaimtheywanttodressastheyplease.Buttheyallwearthesameclothes.Theysetoffinnewdirectionsinmusic.Butsomehowtheyallendupjustbylisteningtothesamerecord.Theirreasonforthinkingoractinginthiswayisthatthecrowdisdoingit.

Ithasbecomeharderandharderforateenagertostandupagainstthepopularitywaveandtogohisorherownway.Industryhasfirmlycarvedoutateenagemarket.Thesedayseveryteenagercanlearnfromtheadvertisementwhatateenagershouldhaveandbe.Andmanyoftoday’sparentshavecometoawardhighmarksforthepopularityoftheirchildren.Allthisaddsuptoagreaterbarrierforthe

teenagerwhowantstofindhisorherownpath.

Butthebarrierisworthclimbingover.Thepathisworthfollowing.Youmaywanttolistentoclassicalmusicinsteadofgoingtoaparty.Youmaywanttocollectrockswheneveryoneelseiscollectingrecords.Youmayhavesomethoughtsthatyoudon’tcaretoshareatoncewithyourclassmates.Well,gotoit.Findyourself.Beyourself.Popularitywillcome—withthepeoplewhorespectyouforwhomyouare.That’stheonlykindofpopularitythatreallycounts.

1.Themainpurposeofthispassageistotell（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,manyteenagersthinktheyarebraveenoughtobethemselves,but,infact,mostofthem（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.Theauthorthinksofadvertisementsas（）.

5.Duringtheteenageyears,oneshouldlearnto（）.

问题1选项

A.readershowtobepopularwithpeoplearound

B.teenagershowtolearntodecidethingsforthemselves

C.parentshowtocontrolandguidetheirchildren

D.peoplehowtounderstandandrespecteachother

问题2选项

A.havemuchdifficultyunderstandingeachother

B.lackconfidence

C.darenotcopewithproblemssingle-handed

D.areverymuchafraidofgettinglost

问题3选项

A.Thereisnopopularitythatreallycounts.

B.Whatmanyparentsaredoingisinfacthinderingtheirchildrenfromfindingtheirownpaths.

C.Itisnotnecessarilybadforateenagertodisagreewithhisorherclassmates.

D.Mostteenagersarenotactuallyrebelling.

问题4选项

A.original

B.influential

C.detrimental

D.authoritative

问题5选项

A.differfromothersinasmanywaysaspossible

B.getintotherightseasonandbecomepopular

C.findone’srealself

D.rebelagainstparentsandthepopularitywave

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨归纳题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是鼓励青少年独立自主，选项B最能概括全文。

2.细节推理题。根据第一段最后一句“Insteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirown,mostofthemareclutchingatoneanother’shandsforcourage.”他们中的大多数人并没有勇气自己走出去，而是紧紧抓住彼此的手寻求勇气。选项C符合原文。

3.细节判断题。根据本文的最后两句“Popularitywillcome—withthepeoplewhorespectyouforwhomyouare.That’stheonlykindofpopularitythatreallycounts.”可知选项A错误。

4.细节推理题。根据关键词“advertisements”定位到第三段第三句“Thesedayseveryteenagercanlearnfromtheadvertisementwhatateenagershouldhaveandbe.”现在每个青少年都可以从广告中学到一个青少年应该拥有什么和成为什么。所以作者认为广告对青少年的影响是相当大的。选项B正确。detrimental不利的，有害的。

5.细节推断题。根据最后一段“Well,gotoit.Findyourself.Beyourself.”可知作者是鼓励青少年找寻真正的自己。选项C符合原文。

15.单选题

Thegirl（）hertablemate’sarmtoseeifshewasfastasleepatclass.

问题1选项

A.pinched

B.punched

C.pitched

D.preached

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析。pinched掐，捏，拧；punched用拳猛击，打孔；pitched掷，投，扔；preached讲道，说教。根据句中atclass推测，女孩只是捏了一下同桌的胳膊。故A项正确。

16.单选题

Ihearmanyparentscomplainingthattheirteenagechildrenarerebelling.Iwishitwereso.Atyourageyououghttobegrowingawayfromyourparents.Youshouldbelearningtostandonyourowntwofeet.Buttakeagoodlookatthepresentrebellion.Itseemsthatteenagersarealltakingthesamewayofshowingthattheydisagreewiththeirparents.Insteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirown,mostofthemareclutchingatoneanother’shandsforreassurance.

Theyclaimtheywanttodressastheyplease.Buttheyallwearthesameclothes.Theysetoffinnewdirectionsinmusic.Butsomehowtheyallenduphuddledroundlisteningtothesamerecord.Theirreasonforthinkingoractinginthus-and-suchawayisthatthecrowdisdoingit.Theyhavecomeoutoftheircocoon(蚕茧)—intoalargercocoon.

Ithasbecomeharderandharderforateenagertostandupagainstthepopularitywaveandtogohisorherownway.Industryhasfirmlycarvedoutateenagemarket.Thesedayseveryteenagercanlearnfromtheadvertisementswhatateenagershouldhaveandbe.Andmanyoftoday’sparentshavecometoawardhighmarksforthepopularityoftheirchildren.Allthisaddsuptoagreatbarrierfortheteenagerwhowantstofindhisorherownpath.

Butthebarrierisworthclimbingover.Thepathisworthfollowing.Youmaywanttolistentoclassicalmusicinsteadofgoingtoparty.Youmaywanttocollectrockswheneveryoneelseiscollectingrecords.Youmayhavesomethoughtsthatyoudon’tcaretoshareatoncewithyourclassmates.Well,gotoit.Findyourself.Beyourself.Popularitywillcome—withthepeoplewhorespectyouforwhoyouare.That’stheonlykindofpopularitythatreallycounts.

1.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageistotell______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,manyteenagersthinktheyarebraveenoughtoactontheirown,but,infact,mostofthem______.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthorthinksofadvertisementsas______.

5.Duringtheteenageyears,oneshouldlearnto______.

问题1选项

A.readershowtobepopularwithpeoplearound

B.teenagershowtolearntodecidethingsforthemselves

C.parentshowtocontrolandguidetheirchildren

D.peoplehowtounderstandandrespecteachother

问题2选项

A.havemuchdifficultyunderstandingeachother

B.lackconfidence

C.darenotcopewithproblemssingle-handed

D.areverymuchafraidofgettinglost

问题3选项

A.Thereisnopopularitythatreallycounts.

B.Whatmanyparentsaredoingisinfacthinderingtheirchildrenfromfindingtheirownpaths.

C.Itisnotnecessarilybadforateenagertodisagreewithhisorherclassmates.

D.Mostteenagersclaimthattheywanttodowhattheyliketo,buttheyareactuallydoingthesame.

问题4选项

A.convincing

B.influential

C.instructive

D.authoritative

问题5选项

A.differfromothersinasmanywaysaspossible

B.getintotherightseasonandbecomepopular

C.findone’srealself

D.rebelagainstparentsandthepopularitywave

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文可知，本文对当前青少年的心理及行为加以剖析，认为他们虽然向标榜自己特立独行，却还是顺应大流，和其他人做一样的事，最后提出建议：青少年应该发现自己，做你自己。因此B选项“青少年如何学会为自己决定事情”正确。A选项“读者如何受到周围人的欢迎”，C选项“父母如何控制和引导他们的孩子”，D选项“人们如何理解和尊重对方”在文中均没有提及，所以A,C,D错误。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Insteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirown,mostofthemareclutchingatoneanother’shandsforreassurance.（他们中的大多数人都紧紧抓住彼此的手寻求安慰，而不是大胆地独来独往。），说明作者认为大部分青少年不敢大胆做自己，这是缺乏自信的表现。因此B选项“缺乏自信”正确。A选项“互相理解有很大困难”，C选项“不敢单枪匹马地处理问题”，D选项“非常害怕迷路”在文中均没有提及，所以A,C,D错误。

3.客观细节题。B选项“许多父母所做的实际上是在阻碍他们的孩子找到自己的道路”，由原文Andmanyoftoday’sparentshavecometoawardhighmarksforthepopularityoftheirchildren.Allthisaddsuptoagreatbarrierfortheteenagerwhowantstofindhisorherownpath.（如今许多父母都对自己孩子的受欢迎程度给予了高分。所有这些对想要找到自己道路的青少年来说都是一个巨大的障碍。）可知，B选项表述正确，排除B。C选项“青少年与同学意见相左并不一定是坏事”，由原文Youmaywanttolistentoclassicalmusicinsteadofgoingtoparty.Youmaywanttocollectrockswheneveryoneelseiscollectingrecords.Youmayhavesomethoughtsthatyoudon’tcaretoshareatoncewithyourclassmates.Well,gotoit.（你可能想听古典音乐，而不是去参加聚会。当其他人都在收集唱片时，你可能想要收集石头。你可能有一些想法不愿意立即与你的同学分享。那就去做吧。）可知，作者支持青少年和同学有不同的想法，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“大多数青少年声称他们想做自己喜欢的事，但实际上他们也在做同样的事”，由原文Theyclaimtheywanttodressastheyplease.Buttheyallwearthesameclothes.Theysetoffinnewdirectionsinmusic.Butsomehowtheyallenduphuddledroundlisteningtothesamerecord.（他们声称自己想穿什么就穿什么。但他们都穿了一样的衣服。他们想听新的音乐。但不知为何，他们最后都挤在一起听同一张唱片。）可知，D选项表述正确，排除D。A选项“没有真正意义上的受欢迎”，由原文Popularitywillcome—withthepeoplewhorespectyouforwhoyouare.That’stheonlykindofpopularitythatreallycounts.（你会受欢迎的，因为人们尊重你的为人。这是唯一一种真正重要的受欢迎程度。）可知，作者认为有真正意义上的受欢迎，A选项不符合原文，所以本题选A。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Thesedayseveryteenagercanlearnfromtheadvertisementswhatateenagershouldhaveandbe.（现在每个青少年都可以从广告中学到青少年应该拥有什么和成为什么样的人。），说明青少年会受广告宣传的影响。因此B选项“有影响力的”正确。A选项“有说服力的”，C选项“指导性的”，D选项“权威性的”均不符合题意，所以A,C,D错误。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句Findyourself.Beyourself.（发现自己。做你自己。），说明作者认为青少年应该学会发现真正的自己。因此C选项“找到真正的自我”正确。A选项“在尽可能多的方面与他人不同”，B选项“融入合适的时期，成为受欢迎的人”，D选项“反抗父母和流行的浪潮”均不符合题意，所以A,B,D错误。

17.单选题

Thewestistraditionallythelandofthepioneersandthecowboys,where____couldbeeasilymadeincattleorland.

问题1选项

A.fortunes

B.property

C.opportunities

D.treasure

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析与固定搭配。A选项fortunes“一大笔钱”；B选项property“（某人的）财产；不动产”，强调归属；C选项opportunities“机会”；D选项treasure“金银财宝，指金银珠宝一类”。句意：传统上西部是拓荒者和牛仔的领地，在那里可以很容易的用牛或者土地创造___。根据句意，此处是指用牛和土地就可以创造财富，排除C选项；不强调财富的归属，排除B选项；不是特指金银珠宝一类，排除D选项。另外，原文____couldbeeasilymade，考查固定搭配makeafortune/makefortunes“发大财；赚大钱；创造财富”，A选项最符合语境。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

18.翻译题

PutthefollowingintoChinese.

Wheretheparadigmofwarapplies,theexecutivedominatesindecidingwholivesordies.JusticeO'ConnornonethelessclaimedinHamdi(案件名称)thatthewaronterrordoesnotgivetheexecutiveablankcheck(自由处理权)todoasitpleasesinthenameofsecurity.Ifoneacceptsthispremise,thenthequestionbecomeshowtocontroltheexecutive’swarpowerwithoutundulyhamperingit.UnderaMathews-styleapproach,todeterminewhetherdueprocessdemandsaparticularproceduralcontrolovertargetedkilling(ARA),oneshould:(a)identifytherangeoflegitimateintereststhattheproceduremightprotect;(b)assessthedegreetowhichadoptionoftheprocedureactuallywouldprotecttheseinterests;and(c)weighthesemarginalbenefitsagainstthedamagetheproceduremaycausetootherlegitimateinterests.

Judicialcontroloftargetedkillingcouldincreasetheaccuracyoftargetselection,reducingthedangerofmistakenorillegaldestructionoflives,limbs,andproperty.Independentjudgeswhodouble-checktargetingdecisionscouldcatcherrorsandcauseexecutiveofficialstoavoidmakingtheminthefirstplace.

Morebroadly,judicialcontroloftargetedkillingcouldservetheinterestsofallpeople—

targetsandnon-targets—inblockingtheexecutivefromexercisinganunaccountable,secretpowertokill.Ifpossible,weshouldavoidaworldinwhichtheCIAorotherexecutiveofficialshaveunbelievablepowertodecidewhogetstoliveandwhodiesinthenameofashadowwarthatmightneverend.Everyonehasacognizableinterestinstoppingaslideintotyranny.

【答案】在战争模式适用的情况下，行政机构主导决定谁生谁死。尽管如此，奥康纳法官在哈姆迪案件中声称，反恐战争并没有给行政机构自由处理权，让他们以安全的名义随心所欲地行事。如果人们接受这一前提，那么问题就变成了如何在不过度阻碍行政权力的前提下控制其战争权力。根据马修斯风格的方法，要确定正当程序是否需要对有目标的杀戮(ARA)进行特定的程序控制，应该:(a)确定程序可能保护的合法利益范围;(b)评估采用这一程序实际能在多大程度上保护这些利益;(c)权衡这些边际利益与程序可能造成的其他合法利益的损害。

对有针对性杀戮的司法控制可以提高目标选择的准确性，减少错误或非法毁坏生命、肢体和财产的危险。反复检查目标决策的独立法官可能会发现错误，并导致行政官员一开始就避免制造这些错误。

从更广泛的意义上讲，对有针对性杀戮的司法控制可以服务于所有人的利益，不管是目标人群和还是非目标人群，它可以阻止行政部门行使不负责任的秘密权力来进行杀戮。如果可能的话，我们应该避免这样一个世界：中央情报局或其他行政官员拥有令人难以置信的权力，以可能永远不会结束的影子战争的名义来决定谁生谁死。每个人对于反对暴政都有明显的兴趣。

19.单选题

Overthepastdecade,Americancompanieshavetriedhardtofindwaystodiscourageseniormanagersfromfeatheringtheirownnestsattheexpenseoftheirshareholder.Thethreemostpopularreformshavebeenrecruitingmoreoutsidedirectorsinordertomakeboardsmoreindependent,linkingbosses’paytovariousperformancemeasures,andgivingbossesshareoptionssothattheyhavethesamelong-terminterestsastheirshareholders.

ThesereformshavebeenwidelyadoptedbyAmerica’slargercompanies,andsurveyssuggestthatmanymorecompaniesarethinkingoffollowingtheir,lead.Buthavetheydoneanygood?ThreepaperspresentedattheannualmeetingoftheAcademyofManagementinBostonthisweeksuggestnot.Asisusuallythecasewithboardroomtinkering,theconsequenceshavedifferedfromthoseintended.

Startwiththoseindependentboards.Onthefaceofit,dismissingtheboss’sfriendsfromtheboardandreplacingthemwithoutsiderslooksaperfectwaytomakeseniormanagersmoreaccountable.ButthatisnottheconclusionofastudybyProfessorJamesWestphal.Instead,hefoundthatbosseswithaboardroomfullofoutsidersspendmuchoftheirtimebuildingalliances,doingpersonalfavorsandgenerallypleasingtheoutsiders.

Alltoooften,theseseductionssucceed.Mr.Westphalfoundthat,toaremarkabledegree,“independent”boardspursuestrategiesthatarelikelytofavorseniormanagersratherthanshareholders.Suchcompaniesdiversifytheirbusiness,increasethepayofexecutivesandweakenthelinkbetweenpayandperformances.

Toassesstheimpactofperformance-relatedpay,Mr.Westphalaskedthebossesof103companieswithsalesofover1billiondollarswhatmeasurementswereusedtodeterminetheirpay.Themeasurementsvariedwidely,rangingfromsalestoearningspershare.Buttheresearcher’sbigdiscoverywasthatbossesattendtomeasuresthataffecttheirownincomesandignoreorplaydownotherfactorsthataffectacompany’soverallsuccess.

InShort,bossesarequicktoturneveryimaginablesystemofcorporategovernmenttotheiradvantage—whichisprobablywhytheyarethepeoplewhoareputinchargeofthings.Hereisaparadoxforthemanagementtheorists:anybosswhocannotbeatasystemdesignedtokeephimundercontrolisprobablynotworthhaving.

25.Thephrase“featheringtheirownnests”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto____.

26.Whatisthepurposeofthelargecompaniesinrecruitingoutsidersandputtingthemontheboardofdirectors?

27.WhatdoesProfessorJamesWestphal’sstudysuggests?

28.Theword“seduction”(Para.4)probablymeans____.

29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

30.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheeffortstocontrolseniorexecutives?

问题1选项

A.sacrificethemselves

B.decoratetheirhomes

C.usetheirpositionforpersonalgains

D.investalotofmoney

问题2选项

A.Todiversifythebusinessofthecorporation.

B.Toenhancethecooperationbetweentheseniormanagersandtheboarddirectors.

C.Tointroduceeffectivereformsinbusinessmanagement.

D.Toprotecttheinterestsoftheshareholders.

问题3选项

A.boardroomreformshavefailedtoachievethedesiredresult

B.outsideboarddirectorstendtobemoreindependent

C.withaboardroomfullofoutsiders,seniormanagersworkmoreconscientiously

D.cooperationbetweenseniormanagersandboarddirectorssufferedfromthereforms

问题4选项

A.effortstoconquer

B.attemptstowinover

C.endeavorstoincreaseprofits

D.exertionstounderstand

问题5选项

A.Corporateexecutivesingeneralareworththehighpaytheyreceive.

B.Theincomeofcorporateexecutivesisproportionaltothegrowthofcorporateprofits.

C.Corporateexecutivestendtotakeadvantageoftheirpositiontoenrichthemselves.

D.Theperformanceofcorporateexecutivesaffectstheirowninterestsmorethanthoseoftheshareholders.

问题6选项

A.doubtful

B.opt