考研考博-英语-山西电力职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山西电力职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Governmentsallaroundtheworldhaveincreasedtheirfocus（1）meansoffightingterrorismandwaysofpreventingnaturaldisasters,anditisinthiscontext（2）“theInternationalEmergencyManagementConference”hasavitalroleto（3）.Asaninternationalconferencewiththepurposeofbringingtogetheranumberof（4）groups,whoareallinvolvedinemergencymanagement,（5）isessentialtoexchangeinformationifwewanttoimproveourabilityandunderstandingofthisimportantwork.Eventhoughsomecountriesaresmalland（6）isolated,theyare（7）exemptfromterrorismornaturaldisasters.Muchhasbeenachieved,butthereisalwaysmorethatremainsto（8）andaconferencelikethis,（9）knowledgeandinformationisshared,（10）centralinthepursuitforabetterunderstandingofthiswholearea.

问题1选项

A.in

B.at

C.on

D.to

问题2选项

A.that

B.why

C.where

D.when

问题3选项

A.give

B.act

C.make

D.play

问题4选项

A.interest

B.interested

C.interests

D.interesting

问题5选项

A.it

B.which

C.that

D.this

问题6选项

A.geophysically

B.geotropically

C.geometrically

D.geographically

问题7选项

A.anyway

B.bytheway

C.innoway

D.intheway

问题8选项

A.doing

B.bedone

C.bedoing

D.havedone

问题9选项

A.which

B.whom

C.where

D.what20.

问题10选项

A.are

B.is

C.was

D.were

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:C

第8题:B

第9题:C

第10题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】考查习惯搭配。Focuson“专注于”。结合此处语义，C为正确答案。

2.【试题解析】考查语法。由空格所在这句话的结构是完整的判断出此处考查强调句：itis...that...。结合此处语境，A为正确答案。

3.【试题解析】考查固定短语。playavitalrole“起重要作用”。结合此处语境，D为正确答案。

4.【试题解析】考查语法。空格处作定语修饰groups，结合语境，B为正确答案。interested“感兴趣的；有利害关系的”。

5.【试题解析】考查语法。分析句子结构，本句话真正的主语为toexchangeinformation，空格处作形式主语，故选A。

6.【试题解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项geophysically“地球物理学地”；B选项geotropically“屈地性地”；C选项geometrically“几何学上地”；D选项geographically“在地理上；地理学上”。根据句意，D选项正确。

7.【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项anyway“以任何方式”；B选项bytheway“顺便说说，顺便问一下；在途中”；C选项innoway“决不”；D选项intheway“妨碍；挡道”。根据句意，C选项正确。

8.【试题解析】考查语法。综合考虑，空格处和to构成动词不定式表将来，本句为系表结构，主语和表语为被动关系，因此B为正确答案。本句句意为：……但是总是有更多问题有待处理。

9.【试题解析】考查语法。结合句子结构，此处为非限定性定语从句，需要一个关键词引导，作为状语修饰关键词conference，因此C为正确答案。

10.【试题解析】考查主谓一致。主语aconference为单数，句子时态为一般现在时，故B为正确答案。

2.单选题

Weaponsofmassdestructionmustbestrictlyforbidden.Otherwise,ifanuclearwarstarted,itwouldbethecataclysmforallhumankind.

问题1选项

A.termination

B.destruction

C.devastation

D.calamity

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。横线单词cataclysm意为“灾难；大洪水，地震；（社会政治的）大变动”；A选项“termination”意为“结束，终止”；B选项“destruction”意为“破坏，毁灭；摧毁”；C选项“devastation”意为“毁坏，荒废”；D选项“calamity”意为“灾难；不幸事件”。句意：必须严格禁止大规模毁灭性武器。否则，一旦核战争爆发，将是全人类的大灾难。由题干可知，ifanuclearwarstarted（一旦核战争爆发）对全人类而言肯定是一场灾难。由此可知，cataclysm在此处最可能是“灾难”的意思。因此D选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust______thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworldmarketdemand.

问题1选项

A.improve

B.enhance

C.guarantee

D.gear

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。improve“改善”；enhance“加强”；guarantee“保证”；gear“开动，使……合适”。句意：为了在国家激烈的贸易竞争中生存，我们必须使我们生产产品的数量和种类适合市场需求。选项D符合题意。

4.不定项选择题

Onegraydawn,hewaskickedinthelegbyanothersoldier,andthen,beforehewasentirelyawake,hefoundhimselfrunningdownawoodroadinthemidstofmenwhowerepantingfromthefirsteffectsofspeed.Hiscanteenbangedrhythmicallyuponhisthigh,andhishaversackbobbedsoftly.Hismusketbouncedatriflefromhisshoulderateachstrideandmadehiscapfeeluncertainuponhishead.

Theyouththoughtthedampfogofearlymorningmovedfromtherushofagreatbodyoftroops.Fromthedistancecameasuddenspatteroffiring.

Hewasbewildered.Asheranwithhiscomrades,hestrenuouslytriedtothink,butallheknewwasthatifhefelldownthosecomingbehindwouldtreaduponhim.Allhisfacultiesseemedtobeneededtoguidehimoverandpastobstructions.Hefeltcarriedalongbyamob.

Thesunspreaddisclosingrays,and,onebyone,regimentsburstintoviewlikearmedmenjustbornoftheearth.Theyouthperceivedthatthetimehadcome.Hewasabouttobemeasured.Foramomenthefeltinthefaceofhisgreattriallikeababe,andthefleshoverhisheartseemedverythin.Heseizedtimetolookabouthimcalculatingly.

Butheinstantlysawthatitwouldbeimpossibleforhimtoescapefromtheregiment.Itenclosedhim.Andtherewereironlawsoftraditionandlawonfoursides.Hewasinamovingbox.

Asheperceivedthisfactitoccurredtohimthathehadneverwishedtocometothewar.

Hehadnotenlistedoutofhisfreewill.Hehadbeendraggedbythemercilessgovernment.Andnotheyweretakinghimouttobeslaughtered.

Theregimentsliddownabankandwallowedacrossalitestream.Themournfulcurrentmovedslowlyon,andfromthewater,shadedblack,somewhitebubbleeyeslookedatthemen.

Astheyclimbedthehillonthefarthersideartillerybegantoboom.Heretheyouthforgotmanythingsashefeltasuddenimpulseofcuriosity.Hescrambledupthebankwithaspeedthatcouldnotbeexceededbyabloodthirstyman.Heexpectedabattlescene.

Thereweresomelittlefieldsurroundedbyaforest.Spreadoverthegrassandinamongthetreetrunks,hecouldseeknotsandwavinglinesofskirmisherswhowererunninghitherandthitherandfiringatthelandscape.Adarkbattlelinelayuponasun-struckclearingthatgleamedorangecolor.Aflagfluttered.

Otherregimentsflounderedupthebank.Thebrigadewasformedinlineofbattle,andafterapausestartedslowlythroughthewoodsintherearoftherecedingskirmishers,whowerecontinuallymeltingintothescenetoappearagainfartheron.Theywerealwaysbusyasbees,deeplyabsorbedintheirlittlecombats.

Theyouthtriedtoobserveeverything.Hedidnotusecaretoavoidtreesandbranches,andhisforgottenfeetwereconstantlyknockingagainststonesorgettingentangledinbriers.Hewasawarethatthesebattalionswiththeircommotionswerewovenredandstartlingintothegentlefabricofsoftenedgreensandbrowns.Itlookedtobeawrongplaceforabattlefield.Theskirmishersinadvancefascinatedhim.Theirshotsintothicketsandatdistantandprominenttreesspoketohimoftragedies—hidden,mysterious,solemn.

1.Thedetailsusedinthefirstparagraphofthepassagecreateanimpressionof______.

2.Theword“faculties”inParagraph3mostnearlymeans______.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromtheuseofthephrase“thefleshoverhisheartseemedverythin”(Paragraph4)thattheyouthismostlikely______.

4.Theoveralltoneofthepassageisbestdescribedas______.

5.Inthesecondparagraphfromthebottom,theauthorlikenstheskirmisherstobusybees,“deeplyabsorbedintheirlittlecombats,”inorderto______.

问题1选项

A.well-trainedresponse

B.well-equippedprecision

C.gentletransition

D.movementwithoutreason

问题2选项

A.patience

B.senses

C.equipment

D.colleagues

问题3选项

A.scaredandexcited

B.woundedbutcalm

C.indangerofhavingaheartattack

D.vulnerabletoharmlikeababy

问题4选项

A.pessimistic

B.regretful

C.irritated

D.impressionistic

问题5选项

A.suggesttheamountofworkthatmustbedonetocarryoutabattle

B.drawparallelsbetweenworkcompletedinthenaturalworldandtheworkcompletedintheworldofmen

C.createdistancebetweentherealityofthefightingandthemaincharacter’sperceptions

D.portraytheyouthasakeenlyinsightfulwitnessrecordingalloftheeventsofabusyandchaoticbattle

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Thedetailsusedinthefirstparagraphofthepassagecreateanimpressionof______.1.文章第一段中使用的细节给人一种______的印象。

A.well-trainedresponseA.训练有素

B.well-equippedprecisionB.装备精良

C.gentletransitionC.柔和过渡

D.movementwithoutreasonD.毫无理由的移动

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先定位至第一段的内容“在一个灰蒙蒙的黎明（graydawn），他的腿被另一个士兵踢了一脚，在他完全清醒之前，他发现自己在一条林间小路上跑着，周围的人都因为速度的影响而喘不过气来。他的水壶有节奏地（rhythmically）拍打着他的大腿，他的帆布背包轻轻地（softly）摆动着。每迈一步，他的火枪就会从肩膀上弹开一点，他的帽子都戴不稳了”，从中可知，该段描述了一个生动的画面，其中用到了graydawn（灰蒙蒙的黎明），rhythmically（有节奏地），softly（轻轻地）这样的词语，给人一种柔和的感觉，所以C项“柔和过渡”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“训练有素”和B项“装备精良”不能从该段看出来，这两项属于无中生有；

D项“毫无理由的移动”，该段提到“士兵”和“火枪”，可以推断出他们是在进行军事行动，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰。

2.【选项释义】

2.Theword“faculties”inParagraph3mostnearlymeans______.2.第3段中的“faculties”的意思是______。

A.patienceA.耐心

B.sensesB.感觉官能

C.equipmentC.装备

D.colleaguesD.同事

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】根据关键词faculties定位至第三段第三句“他似乎需要他所有的faculties来引导他越过障碍”，结合上一句“当他和战友们一起奔跑时，他努力地想，但他只知道，如果他跌倒了，后面的人会踩到他”综合理解可知，如果他被障碍物绊倒，后面的士兵就会踩到，所以他需要运用自己所有的感觉官能确保自己能成功越过障碍，所以faculties在这里指的是“官能”，故该题选择B项“感觉官能”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“耐心”和C项“装备”理解错误，这两项属于曲解原文；

D项“同事”在文章没有提到，该项属于无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

3.Itcanbeinferredfromtheuseofthephrase“thefleshoverhisheartseemedverythin”(Paragraph4)thattheyouthismostlikely______.3.从第四段中的短语“thefleshoverhisheartseemsverythin”可以推断，这个年轻人最有可能______。

A.scaredandexcitedA.害怕和激动

B.woundedbutcalmB.受伤但平静

C.indangerofhavingaheartattackC.有心脏病发作的危险

D.vulnerabletoharmlikeababyD.像婴儿一样易受伤害

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先定位至第四段倒数第二句“有那么一会儿，面对这重大的考验，他觉得自己像个婴儿，心脏的肉也显得很薄（thefleshoverhisheartseemedverythin）”，结合上一句“他就要被测量了（Hewasabouttobemeasured）”可知，此处的情景是他正在接受军队上的审查，而thefleshoverhisheartseemedverythin描述的是他此刻的心情，他描述自己像个婴儿，同时用thin来表达thefleshoverhisheart（心脏上的肉）说明他非常紧张又害怕，A项“害怕和激动”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“受伤但平静”和C项“有心脏病发作的危险”，thefleshoverhisheart（心脏上的肉）在文中是暗喻，并不是真正指人的心脏，这两项属于曲解原文；

D项“像婴儿一样易受伤害”根据解题思路，该项属于曲解原文。

4.【选项释义】

4.Theoveralltoneofthepassageisbestdescribedas______.4.这篇文章的整体基调可以用______来描述。

A.pessimisticA.悲观的

B.regretfulB.后悔的

C.irritatedC.恼怒的

D.impressionisticD.印象派的

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】通读全文，文章主要是描述了一个军事场景，并描绘了年轻人的内心世界，其中用到了很多灰调的词语，如第五段最后一句“他在一个移动的箱子里（movingbox）”，第七段第二句“他被无情的政府（mercilessgovernment）拖着走”，以及文章最后一句“他们向灌木丛和远处突出的树木射击，向他讲述了隐藏的、神秘的、庄严的悲剧（tragedies）”，从中可以看出，这篇文章整体基调都是灰色悲观的，所以A项“悲观的”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“后悔的”，文章只在描述这个年轻人的时候提到，该项属于以偏概全；

C项“恼怒的”和D项“印象派的”没有依据，这两项属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

5.Inthesecondparagraphfromthebottom,theauthorlikenstheskirmisherstobusybees,“deeplyabsorbedintheirlittlecombats,”inorderto______.5.在文章下半部分的第二段中，作者将小规模战斗比作忙碌的蜜蜂，“全神贯注于他们的小战斗”，以便______。

A.suggesttheamountofworkthatmustbedonetocarryoutabattleA.暗示完成一场战斗必须完成的工作量

B.drawparallelsbetweenworkcompletedinthenaturalworldandtheworkcompletedintheworldofmenB.把自然界完成的工作和人类世界完成的工作进行比较

C.createdistancebetweentherealityofthefightingandthemaincharacter’sperceptionsC.在战斗的现实和主角的感知之间创造距离

D.portraytheyouthasakeenlyinsightfulwitnessrecordingalloftheeventsofabusyandchaoticbattleD.把年轻人描绘成一个富有洞察力的目击者，记录下了一场忙碌而混乱的战斗中的所有事件

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先定位至倒数第二段的内容“其他兵团在河岸上挣扎。这支旅排成了战斗的队形，经过一段时间的停顿，他们在后撤的小分队后面慢慢地穿过树林，这些小分队不断地在战场上消失，然后又在更远的地方出现。他们总是像蜜蜂一样忙碌，全神贯注于他们的小战斗。”可知，该段描绘了一个小规模作战的场景，作者把小分队比喻为忙碌的蜜蜂，他们在混乱中不停地改变作战场地；结合最后一段第一句“这个年轻人试图观察一切”和最后一句“他们向灌木丛和远处突出的树木射击，向他讲述了隐藏的、神秘的、庄严的悲剧”综合理解可知，作者要把小规模战斗比作忙碌的蜜蜂是把年轻人描绘成了一个目击者，所以D项“把年轻人描绘成一个富有洞察力的目击者，记录下了一场忙碌而混乱的战斗中的所有事件”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A项“暗示完成一场战斗必须完成的工作量”、B项“把自然界完成的工作和人类世界完成的工作进行比较”和C项“在战斗的现实和主角的感知之间创造距离”根据解题思路，这三项都属于曲解原文。

5.单选题

Althoughheisveryrich,hisundutifulchildrenarethe（）ofhislife.

问题1选项

A.torch

B.torment

C.topic

D.topper

【答案】B

【解析】句意:虽然他很富有，但是他那些不孝顺的孩子是他人生的一大痛苦。

考查名词辨析。。torch火炬，手电筒；torment痛苦，苦恼，折磨；topic主题，题目；topper大礼帽，高档的东西。因此B符合句意。

6.单选题

Therearethreegeneralmethodspeopleusetoexplainandunderstandtheirworld:beliefs,pseudo-science,andscience.

Whatarebeliefs?Well,simplyput,beliefsarewhatyoubelievetobetrue.Inthisfirstmethodofinterpretingmanandtheworld,certainpeopleprovedtheinformationabouthowtheworldworks.Theirteachingsarebeyondquestion.Theirfollowersacceptthesebeliefsbecausetheywanttoacceptthem,notbecauseofscientificevidence.Someexamplesarereligions,suchasChristianity.ChristiansbelieveinoneGod,whocreatedtheuniverseandallthatisinit.TheybelievethatthisGodisactiveinhistory,guidingandteachingHispeople.Likemanyreligions,Christianityprovidesanumberofspecificmoralrulesandprinciplesthatmakeupanimportantpartofitsteachings.Superstitions,suchasFungShui,arealsocommonexamplesofbeliefs.

Pseudoscience,alsocalledfakescience,isanybodyorknowledge,methodology,belief,orpracticethatclaimstobescientificorismadetoappearscientific,butisactuallynot.Inpseudoscience,peopleacceptopinions,orchosetobelievecertainfactswhileintentionallyignoringothers,resultinginafalseunderstandingofthingsandevents.Beliefsinmagic,monsters,andghostsfallintothiscategory.BothChineseQigongandIndianYogaareverygoodphysicalexercisesthatcanhelptheirpractitionerskeepfit,butwhensomemagicalpower,theyareturningQigongorYogaintopseudoscience.Manypeoplefol¬lowpseudosciencebecausebeliefinmagicormysteriouspowersisentertaining.Astrologyhasmillionsoffollowersallaroundtheworld,notbecauseithelpsthemdealwiththeworldinanybetterway,onlybe¬causeitisjustfun.

Ofthethreemethods,onlyscienceprovidesarationalwayofunderstandingtheworlD.Itdoesnotprovideamoralsystemasreligiondoes,anditmaynotalwaysbeasentertainingaspseudosciencesometimesis,butitistheonlymethodthatrequiresconstanttestingoffacts,beliefsandideas,resultinginchangingtheoriesaswegetnewinformation.Scienceteachesustodrawconclusionsbasedonevidenceanditalsoteachesus"thatsomeevidenceisstrongerthanotherevidence,andhowtojudgetheevidence.Throughourstudyofscience,welearntoacceptuncertainty,toquestionfactsandtheories,andtosearchconstantlyfortruth.

MostofususeallthreemethodsindifferentproportionstoviewourworlD.Somescientistsbelieveintheorieswithoutsupportingevidence.Andthescientificmethodisoftenusedforunscientificpurposes.Butscienceistheonlymethodthatisconstantlychanging.Itdoesnotdependontheteachingsofoneman.Eachscientistbuildsontheworkofothersandhisfindings,inturn,areusedbyotherstoincreaseourknowledgeoftheworld.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbeagoodtitleofthepassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutscience?

4.WhichofthefollowingisTUREaboutpseudoscience?

5.Theword"astrology"(Paragraph3)mostprobablyrefersto（）.

问题1选项

A.ScienceandPseudoscience.

B.ReligionandScience.

C.Science,PseudoscienceandReligion.

D.DifferentWaysofViewingtheWorld.

问题2选项

A.Nobeliefsaresupportedbyscientificevidence.

B.Pseudosciencealwaysleadstofalseunderstandingofthingsorevents.

C.Scienceneverquestionsfacts.

D.Scientistsacceptnotingwithoutscientificevidence.

问题3选项

A.Scienceacceptsuncertainty.

B.Sciencedoesnotpushpeopletofollowanyspecificsetofmoralrules.

C.Scienceteachesustoweighdifferentevidence.

D.Scienceurgesusnottoacceptanybeliefsorideas.

问题4选项

A.Qigongispseudoscience.

B.Pseudoscienceprovidesnosupportingevidence.

C.Pseudosciencecanbeentertaining.

D.Pseudosciencehasnothingtodowithbeliefs.

问题5选项

A.studyofthepositionofstarsinthebeliefthattheyinfluencehumanaffairs

B.asetofmethodsusedindoingthingsefficientlyinourlife

C.centraldataprocessingunitofacomputerpopularlyusedtoday

D.scientificstudyoftheearth'scrust,rocks,etC.andofthehistoryofitsdevelopment

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文第一段提出了三个不同的世界观,接下来分别进行具体阐述,最后进行总结。所以选项D正确,其他选项都比较片面,选项D正确,全文都是在描述看待世界的三种方法。

2.细节推断题。根据第二段的第四句"Theirfollowersaccept...scientificevidence."他们的追随者接受这些信仰,是因为他们愿意接受,而不是因为科学证据。所以选项A错误;根据第三段的第二句"Inpseudoscience,...,resultinginafalseunderstandingofthingsandevents."可知选项B正确;根据第四段的最后一句"Throughourstudyofscience,,...tosearchconstantlyfortruth."通过对科学的学习,我们学会了接受不确定性,质疑事实和理论,不断地寻找真理。所以选项C错误;选项D说法太绝对,所以不正确。只有选项B符合原文。

3.细节推断题。根据第四段的最后一句"Throughourstudyofscience,,...tosearchconstantlyfortruth."通过对科学的学习,我们学会了接受不确定性,质疑事实和理论,不断地寻找真理。选项A,B,C均正确;选项D中的belieforidea也就是指原文中的uncertainty,选项D与原文表述不符。

4.细节推断题。根据第三段"BothChineseQigong...turningQigongorYogaintopseudoscience."可知选项A表述太绝对,气功本身是好的,只是被某些居心不良的人加以利用了;根据第三段的第二句"Inpseudoscience,peopleacceptopinions,orchosetobelievecertainfacts..."可知伪科学会提供证据,只不过这些证据不是科学证据;根据第三段的倒数第二句"Manypeoplefol¬lowpseudoscience...isentertaining."可知选项C正确;根据第三段的第一句"Pseudoscience,...,isanybodyorknowledge,methodology,belief,orpractice..."可知选项D错误。所以本题选C。

5.词义辨析题。astrology指"占星术",认为星星会影响人类而对星星的位置进行研究。选项A正确。

7.单选题

Ifgenderconflictscontinueattheircurrentrate,mypartnergloomilyobserved,menmayfadeintoextinctionandwomenwillmanagefinewithoutthem.Whatwithtest-tubebabies,cloning,afallingbirth-rate,have-it-allcareerwomenprevailinglikeneverbefore,itseemsasifold-fashioned,instinct-drivensexualselectionwastotallyoutoffashion.ButastudyfromfourBritishuniversitiessuggestsitisaliveandwell,andbusyshapingthenextgeneration.

Inspiteofemancipation,thefeministmovement,genderequality,consistenteffortstoavoidgender-stereotyping,menstillprefertomarrywomenwhoarenottoobrainy.InthestudyahighIQhamperedawoman’schanceofgettingmarried,witha40percentdropinmaritalprospectsforevery16-pointrise.Theoppositewastruefortheirmaleclassmates.Top-earningmenwere8percentmorelikelytobemarriedthantheirlow-earningpeers.

Howinterestingthatweautomaticallyassumethatmenareputoffbyclevernessinwomen.Perhapsthebrainywomendidnotwanttogetmarried.Possiblytheycouldnotfindmencleverenoughtosatisfythem.Buttheseinterpretationshardlymeritmorethanapassingthoughtbecausethisstudysimplyreinforceswhatweknowtobebroadlytrue:thatmostwomendowantacommittedpartnerandthatmoststablemarriagesoccurinapowerrelation,withthemanbeingthecenter.

Weusuallythinkofcompetitivenessasamaleactivity,andsoitismainly,whichisallthemorereasonforitcausingstressinamarriage.Ourancestrycertainlyincludedalongphasewhenthemalescompetedforthealpharole,inwhichthetopmaletookalltheadvantagesandmostofthegroupmatings.Mostmennursesecretdreamsofbeing“benign”dictators.Nomanlikeshiswifetoearnmorethanhedoes.Weseehowfragilearethemarriagesofthoseinwhichthefemalehasthewhiphandintheshapeoffame,success,andwealth.Incontrast,marriageswherethefemalestatusisobviouslyinferior,includingarrangedmarriages,thereisagreaterstability.

Womenhavetoacceptthatcomingintoourownandachievingthefullpotentialofour(seeminglysuperior)capacitytouseeducationwillundoubtedlymakeusmoreinaccessibleaspartners.Morechoosy,andthereforelesssuccessful.

1.The“test-tubebabies”andotherthingsarementionedinParagraph1toindicate（

）.

2.Conventionalsexualselection

（

）.

3.ThestatisticsinParagraph2illustratethat

（

）.

4.Whatmightbethemeaningof“whiphand”inParagraph4?

5.Howismarriagerelatedtopower,accordingtothestudy?

6.Whatmightbethetitleofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.thedevelopmentofmedicaltechnology

B.theradicalchangesofourlifestyle

C.thedecreasingbirthrateofhumansociety

D.theindependenceofthefemalegender

问题2选项

A.getsout-of-date

B.remainsactive

C.becomesextinct

D.seemsprevalent

问题3选项

A.women’sIQandtheirmaritalprobabilityareindirectproportion

B.men’sIQandtheirmaritalprobabilityareininverseproportion

C.womenprefertomarrymenwhoareveryintelligent

D.menprefertomarrywomenwhoarelessintelligent

问题4选项

A.Control.

B.Desire.

C.Intelligence.

D.Commitment.

问题5选项

A.Marriedmenandwomenallseekpowerovereachother.

B.Apowerfulhusbandisthekeytothesuccessfulmarriage.

C.Astablemarriagedependsonthepowerofthewife.

D.Richmentendtoholdabsolutepowerovertheirwives.

问题6选项

A.SingleWomen’sSelf-reliance.

B.RoadtoaSuccessfulMarriage

C.WhyBrainyWomenStaySingle.

D.StereotypesAboutMarriage.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:C

【解析】1.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“menmayfadeintoextinctionandwomenwillmanagefinewithoutthem.（男人可能会逐渐消失，而没有他们，女人也会过得很好）”即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

2.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段最后一句。根据““ButastudyfromfourBritishuniversitiessuggestsitisaliveandwell，...”,其中“it”指代“old-fashioned,instinct-drivensexualselection”。从而得出本题答案。

3.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段第一句。“Inspiteofemancipation,thefeministmovement,genderequality,consistenteffortstoavoidgender-stereotyping,menstillprefertomarrywomenwhoarenottoobrainy.(尽管有解放运动、女权运动、性别平等、不断努力避免性别成见，但男性仍然更愿意娶不太聪明的女性。)”从而得出本题答案。

4.词义理解题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第四段最后两句。“Weseehowfragilearethemarriagesofthoseinwhichthefemalehasthewhiphandintheshapeoffame,success,andwealth.Incontrast,marriageswherethefemalestatusisobviouslyinferior,includingarrangedmarriages,thereisagreaterstability.(我们看到，那些女性在名望、成功和财富方面拥有绝对优势的婚姻是多么脆弱。相比之下，女性地位明显低下的婚姻，包括包办婚姻，则有较大的稳定性。)”由此可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

5.归纳推理题。通过对全文的理解，尤其是文章第四段的理解，“Incontrast,marriageswherethefemalestatusisobviouslyinferior,includingarrangedmarriages,thereisagreaterstability.(相比之下，女性地位明显低下的婚姻，包括包办婚姻，则有较大的稳定性。)”即可得出本题答案。

6.主旨大意题。通过对全文的理解和归纳，“howfragilearethemarriagesofthoseinwhichthefemalehasthewhiphandintheshapeoffame,success,andwealth.”“Morechoosy,andthereforelesssuccessful.”“Perhapsthebrainywomendidnotwanttogetmarried.”从而得出本题答案。

8.单选题

Expertssaidtheamountofcompensationforsicksmokerswouldbereducedifcoolerjurorsprevailed.

问题1选项

A.resigned

B.compromised

C.persist

D.dominate

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意:专家说假如陪审团成员（

）的话，那么赔偿给吸烟患者的数额就会减少。

resign辞职，放弃，委托。compromise妥协，和解persist坚持，持续。dominate控制，支配，占优势，占主要地位。prevail:战胜，流行。

9.单选题

InSecondNature，NobelPrize-winningneuroscientistGeraldEdelmanarguesthatthebrainandmindareunified,buthehaslittlepatiencewiththeclaimthatthebrainisacomputer.Fortunatelyforthegeneralreader,hisexplanationsofbrainfunctionareaccessible,reinforcedbyconcreteexamplesandmetaphors.

Edelmansuggeststhatthankstotherecentdevelopmentofinstrumentscapableofmeasuringbrainstructurewithinmillimetersandbrainactivitywithinmilliseconds,perceptions,thoughts,memories,willedacts,andothermindmatterstraditionallyconsideredprivateandimpenetrabletoscientificscrutinynowcanbecorrelatedwithbrainactivity.Ourconsciousness(a“first-personaffair”displayingintentionality,reflectingbeliefsanddesires,etc.)，ourcreativity,evenourvaluesystems,haveabasisinbrainfunction.

Theauthordescribesthreeunifyinginsightsthatcorrelatemindmatterswithbrainactivity.First,evendistantneuronswillestablishmeaningfulconnections(circuits)iftheirfiringpatternsaresynchronized.Second,experiencecaneitherstrengthenorweakensynapses(neuronalconnections).Finally,thereisreentry,thecontinuedsignalingfromonebrainregiontoanotherandbackagainalongmassivelyparallelnervefibers.

Edelmanconcedesthatneurologicalexplanationsforconsciousnessandotheraspectsofmindarenotcurrentlyavailable,butheisconfidentthattheywillbesoon.Meanwhile,heiscomfortablehazardingaguess:“Allofourmentallife...isbasedonthestructureanddynamicsofourbrain.”Despitethisoptimismabouttheexplanatorypowersofneuroscience,Edelmanacknowledgesthepitfallsinattemptingtoexplainallaspectsofmindinneurologicalterms.Indeed,culture—notbiology—istheprimarydeterminantofthebrain’sevolution,andhasbeensincetheemergenceoflanguage,henotes.

However,IwassurprisedtolearnthatheconsidersSigmundFreud“thekeyexpositoroftheeffectsofunconsciousprocessesonbehavior.”SuchacommentignoreshowslightlyFreud’sconceptionoftheunconscious,withitsemphasisonsexualityandaggression,resemblesthecognitiveunconsciousstudiedbyneuroscientists.

Still,SecondNatureiswellworthreading.Itservesasabridgebetweenthetraditionallyseparatecampsof“hard”scienceandthehumanities.Readerswithoutatleastsomefamiliaritywithbrainsciencewilllikelyfindthegoingdifficultatcertainpoints.Nonetheless,Edelmanhasachievedhisgoalofproducingaprovocativeexplorationof“howwecometoknowtheworldandourselves”.

1.GeraldEdelmanwouldmostprobablysupporttheideathatthebrain（

）.

2.Itwaspreviouslyfeltthatperceptionsandothermindmatterscouldhardlybe

（

）.

3.Edelmanfirmlybelievesthat

（

）.

4.AccordingtoEdelman,toprovideathoroughexplanationofhumanmind,neurosciencewillbe

（

）.

5.Theauthordisagreeswiththeideathattheneuroscience-basedcognitiveunconsciouscanbe

（

）.

6.Accordingtotheauthor，SecondNatureisagoodbookbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.co-functionswiththemind

B.workslikeacomputer

C.hasanaccessiblefunction

D.sendssignalstothemind

问题2选项

A.treatedasasignificantissue

B.studiedwithscientificmethods

C.separatedfrombrainactivity

D.handledwithsurgicalinstruments

问题3选项

A.brainsignalswillrepeatedlygofromonebrainregiontoanother.

B.experiencewillhaveanilleffectonneuronalconnections

C.distantneuronswillhelpsynchronizetheirfiringpatterns

D.mindmatterswillbeexplainedfromaneurologicalperspective

问题4选项

A.responsible

B.insufficient

C.impractical

D.reliable

问题5选项

A.clearlyexplainedbyFreud’stheory

B.affectedbylanguageacquisition

C.studiedrelevantlytosexualbehavior

D.examinedconcerningculturalbackgrounds

问题6选项

A.itintereststhereaderinspiritualactivities

B.itappealstothereadertostudybioscience

C.itsetsthereaderprobingintohumancognition

D.itpresentstheadvancementofnaturalscience

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:C

【解析】1.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段第一句。根据“InSecondNature，NobelPrize-winningneuroscientistGeraldEdelmanarguesthatthebrainandmindareunified,buthehaslittlepatiencewiththeclaimthatthebrainisacomputer.(诺贝尔奖获得者神经学家杰拉尔德•埃德尔曼认为,大脑和思维是统一的,但他对大脑是一台电脑这一观点毫无耐心。)”即可得出本题答案。

2.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段第一句。根据“…mindmatterstraditionallyconsideredprivateandimpenetrabletoscientificscrutinynowcanbecorrelatedwithbrainactivity.（传统上被认为是私人的、无法通过科学检查的精神问题，现在可能与大脑活动有关）”即可得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第四段第一句。根据“Edelmanconcedesthatneurologicalexplanationsforconsciousnessandotheraspectsofmindarenotcurrentlyavailable,