考研考博-英语-山东杏林科技职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东杏林科技职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.Onlypaltrysumsareavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingtheresultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpricelessobjectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.

Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarchaeologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcavator'sgriponthemarket,therebydecreasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.

Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartisticmeritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreplyeverythingthatconiesoutofthegroundhasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.

Irefertothethousandsofpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicatesofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard.Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasmelekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundancemorethan4.000examplessofar.

Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifactscouldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Priortosale,eachcouldbephotographedandthelistofthepurchasescouldbemaintainedonthecomputer.Apurchasercouldevenberequiredtoagreetoreturnthepieceifitshouldbecomeneededforscientificpurposes.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistopropose（）.

2.TheauthorimpliesthatallthefollowingstatementsaboutduplicateartifactsaretrueEXCEPT（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoringartifactsinmuseumbasements?

4.Theword"abundance"(Line4,Paragraph4)hastheclosestmeaningto（）.

5.Whichofthefollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhisproposaldosetheauthoranticipate?

问题1选项

A.analternativetomuseumdisplayofartifacts

B.awaytocurbillegaldiggingwhilebenefitingthearchaeologicalprofession

C.thegovernmentalregulationofarchaeologicalsites

D.anewsystemforcataloguingduplicateartifacts

问题2选项

A.amarketforsuchartifactsalreadyexists

B.suchartifactsseldomhavescientificvalue

C.museumsarewellsuppliedwithexamplesofsuchartifacts

D.suchartifactsfrequentlyexceedinqualitythosealreadycataloguedinmuseumcollection

问题3选项

A.Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupforstorage.

B.Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.

C.Suchartifactsoftenremainuncataloguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyareputinstorage.

D.Suchartifactsareoftendamagedbyvariationsintemperatureandhumidity.

问题4选项

A.alargequantity

B.aformidablequality

C.aweirdappearance

D.avaluablerarity

问题5选项

A.Anoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultandthedemandforthemwillfail.

B.Artifactsthatwouldhavebeendisplayedinpublicplaceswillbesoldtoprivatecollectors.

C.Illegalexcavatorswillhaveanevenlargersupplyofartifactsforresale.

D.Counterfeitingofartifactswillbecomemorecommonplace.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了考古学缺乏资金支持以及非法盗掘猖獗的现象，随后提出了针对性的解决方案。因此B项“一种遏制非法盗掘同时能让考古职业受益的方法”正确。

第2题:判断推理题。A:史前文物市场已经存在。第一段最后一句指出:Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder(其次，存在非法挖掘的问题，导致博物馆有收藏价值的文物被卖给出价最高的人)。因此A项符合文章所述。B:这种史前文物很少有科研价值。第三段指出:Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong(从理论上讲，你声称每件文物都有潜在的科学价值或许是对的。但实际上，你错了)。因此B项正确。C:博物馆里有很多这些史前文物。第五段指出:Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture(博物馆的地下室只是没有足够大到存放将来可能被发现的文物)。因此C项正确。D:这些史前文物在质量上常常优于那些编录到博物馆里的文物，此选项文章并未提及。因此答案为D。

第3题:细节事实题。最后一段指出:Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered(甚至没有足够的钱对这些发现进行分类；结果，它们就再也找不到了，并且变得难以接近，像从未被发现过一样)。因此C项“这些史前文物通常保持未分类状态，因此一旦收藏起来就可能找不到了”正确。

第4题:词义题。根据题干定位至第四段:Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasmelekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundancemorethan4.000examplessofar.破折号后面的morethan4.000examplessofar(到目前为止有多于四千件复制品)是用来解释说明abundance的，由此可知abundance表示“数量很多”。

第5题:判断推理题。第三段指出:Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder(此外，古代文物是我们全球文化遗产的一部分，所有人都可以欣赏，而不是卖给出价最高的人)。因此B项“本应该在公共场合被展出的文物将要卖给个人”正确。

2.单选题

OneofthefavoritefoodsintheUnitedStatesisthehamburger,akindofflatroundbreadwithfine-cutbeefinbetween.Thefavoriteplacetobuyahamburgerisafastfoodrestaurant.Atfastfoodrestaurants,peopleordertheirfood,waitafewminutestogetitoverthecounter,andcarryittotheirtablesthemselves.Peoplealsotaketheirfoodoutoftherestauranttoeatitintheircarsorintheirhomes.Atsomefastfoodrestaurants,peoplecanordertheirfood,payforitandpickitupwithoutleavingtheircars.

TherearemanykindsoffastfoodrestaurantsintheUnitedStates.MostoftherestaurantssellhamburgersorotherpopularfoodsamongAmericans.Inaddition,therearemanyfastfoodrestaurantsthatserveChinesefood,Italianfood,chicken,seafoodandicecream.Theideaofafastfoodrestaurantissopopularthatnearlyeverykindoffoodcanbefoundinone.

FastfoodrestaurantsarepopularbecausetheyshowtheAmericanwayoflife.First,theyarenotformalrestaurants.Peoplewearanytypeofdresswhentheygotoafastfoodplace.Second,theyarefast.Peoplewhoarebusydonotwanttospendtimepreparingtheirfoodorwaitingwhilesomeoneelsepreparesit.Infastfoodrestaurantsthefoodrestaurantisnotexpensive.Therefore,peoplecanofteneatatafastfoodrestaurantwithoutspendingtoomuchmoney,whiletheymaynotbeabletogotomoreexpensiverest

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

2.Fastfoodrestaurantsarepopularbecausethey（

）.

3.Accordingtothewriter,Americanpeople

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thefavoriterestaurantsintheU.S.are

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.Chinesefoodisalsoservedinsomefastfoodrestaurants

B.Peoplecanhavealmosteverykindoffoodinfastfoodrestaurants

C.Fastfoodcanbetakenoutoftherestaurants

D.Fastfoodcanbetakenoutoftherestaurants

问题2选项

A.aremany

B.arefast

C.areexpensiverestaurants

D.serveexpensivefood

问题3选项

A.arealwaysbusy

B.preferordinarytypeofdress

C.donotwanttospendtoomuchtimepreparingtheirfood

D.gotomoreexpensiverestaurantsveryoften

问题4选项

A.theChineserestaurants

B.thefastfoodrestaurants

C.moreexpensiverestaurants

D.lessexpensiverestaurants

问题5选项

A.FastfoodRestaurantsintheU.S.

B.TheFavoriteFoodintheU.S.

C.TheAmericanWayofLife

D.DifferentKindsofRestaurants

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章最后一段指出:mostfoodinafastfoodrestaurantisnotexpensive(快餐店的大多数食物都不贵),因此C项错误。

2.细节事实题。第三段指出:FastfoodrestaurantsarepopularbecausetheyshowtheAmericanwayoflife(快餐店很受欢迎，因为它们展现了美国人的生活方式),后面指出了受欢迎的第二点原因,即快餐店很快。因此B正确。

3.细节事实题。第三段指出:peoplewhoarebusydonotwanttospendtimepreparingtheirfood...(忙碌的人不想花时间准备食物),因此C正确。

4.细节事实题。第三段指出:Fastfoodrestaurantsarepopular…,而且文章都是在讲快餐店很受欢迎。故B项“快餐店”正确。

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲快餐店的点餐方式,第二段讲美国快餐店种类之多,第三段讲快餐店受欢迎的原因。因此A项“美国的快餐店”正确。

3.不定项选择题

Thedramacritic,ontheotherhand,hasnosuchadvantages.Hecannotbeselective;hemustcovereverythingthatisofferedforpublicscrutinyintheprincipalplayhousesofthecitywhereheworks.Thecolumnspacethatseemed,yesterday,sopitifullyinadequatetocontainhiscommentsonLongDay’sJourneyIntoNightisroughlythesameasthatwhichyawnstodayforhisverdictonthelatestscrapofmilk-fedKitschthathaschancedtofindforitselfanumskullbackerwithahundredthousanddollarstolost.ThisstateofaffairsmayhelptoexplainwhytheNewYorktheatrereviewersaresooften,andsounjustly,stigmatizedasbalefulanddestructivefiends.Theyspendmostoftheirprofessionallivesattemptingtopronounceintelligentjudgmentsonplaysthathavenoaspirationtointelligence.Itishardlysurprisingthattheylashoutoccasionally;infact,whatamazesmeaboutthemisthattheydonotlashoutmoreviolentlyandmorefrequently.AsShawsaidofhisfellow-criticsinthenineties,theyare“culpablyindulgentbodyofmen.”ImaginetheverbalexcoriationsthatwouldbeinflictedifLionelTilling,orsomeoneofcomparableeminence,werecalledontoreviewfivebooksamonthofwhichthreewerenovelettescomposedofcriminalconfessions.ThebutchersofBroadwaywouldseemlambsbycomparison.

14.Inwritingthispassage,theauthor’schiefpurposeseemstobe（）.

15.Thepassageindicatesthatthedramacriticis（）.

16.ThepassagesuggeststhatasaplayLongDay’sJourneyIntoNightwas（）.

17.Asusedinthepassage,theword“excoriations”mostnearlymeans（）.

18.LionelTillingismostprobablya（）.

19.The“butchersofBroadway”are（）.

20.Theparagraphprevioustothisonemostprobablydiscussedthe（）.

问题1选项

A.showwhybookreviewingiseasierthanplayreviewing

B.pointuptheopinionsofShaw

C.shownewtrendsinliterarycriticism

D.defendtheworkoftheplaycritic

问题2选项

A.conditionedbycertainrequirementsofhiscolumn

B.happytoobligethebackersofplays

C.mindfulofthevalueofpublicopinion

D.suspiciousofcriticismdirectedagainsthim

问题3选项

A.inconsequential

B.worthwhile

C.poorlywritten

D.long

问题4选项

A.attacks

B.explanations

C.praises

D.pronouncements

问题5选项

A.followerofShaw

B.dramacritic

C.bookreviewer

D.crimereporter

问题6选项

A.newspapereditors

B.playbackers

C.ineffectiveauthors

D.playreviewers

问题7选项

A.workofabookreviewer

B.characteristicsofthereadingpublic

C.advantagesofbeingadramacritic

D.costsofplayproduction

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:A

【解析】14.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】作者意图题。根据文章首句，可得知戏剧评论家则没有这样的优势，他不可能有选择性，以及原文Theyspendmostoftheirprofessionallivesattemptingtopronounceintelligentjudgmentsonplaysthathavenoaspirationtointelligence.Itishardlysurprisingthattheylashoutoccasionally;infact,whatamazesmeaboutthemisthattheydonotlashoutmoreviolentlyandmorefrequently.（他们将职业生涯的大部分时间用于明智地评判不太明智的戏剧，他们偶尔破口大骂就不足为怪了。实际上，他们让我感到奇怪的是，他们骂得不够激烈，不够频繁）很明显，这是在为评论家辩护。A选项“表明为什么书评比戏剧评论容易”，B选项“指出萧伯纳的观点”，C选项“展示文学批评的新趋势”，都太过片面，所以A，B，C选项错误，因此，D选项“为戏剧评论家这个工作辩护”符合题意。

15.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】根据题干定位到原文首段第二句，可知戏剧评论家受篇幅的制约。A选项“受到他的专栏的某些要求的制约”，B选项“很高兴能帮助这些戏剧的支持者”，C选项“注意公众舆论的价值”，D选项“怀疑针对他的批评”。因此，A选项符合题意。

16.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干定位到原文首段的第三句Thecolumnspacethatseemed,yesterday,sopitifullyinadequatetocontainhiscommentsonLongDay’sJourneyIntoNightisroughlythesameasthatwhichyawnstodayforhisverdictonthelatestscrapofmilk-fedKitschthathaschancedtofindforitselfanumskullbackerwithahundredthousanddollarstolost.（他对《日夜兼程》的评论是如此不恰当，令人遗憾，就像今天他对最近一个奶嘴喂养的媚俗派的判决一样，这个媚俗派碰巧给自己找到了一个笨蛋赞助人，损失了10万美元）暗示了如果不是由于篇幅的限制，戏剧评论家会评论得更充分一些，这就说明《日夜兼程》是值得的，可知选择B选项“有价值的”，A选项“无关紧要的”，C选项“写得很差”，D选项“冗长的”。因此，B选项符合题意。

17.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】语义推测题。根据题干定位到原文的倒数第三句AsShawsaidofhisfellow-criticsinthenineties,theyare“culpablyindulgentbodyofmen.”ImaginetheverbalexcoriationsthatwouldbeinflictedifLionelTilling,orsomeoneofcomparableeminence,werecalledontoreviewfivebooksamonthofwhichthreewerenovelettescomposedofcriminalconfessions.（萧伯纳在谈到他90年代的评论家同僚时说他们是“罪有应得的放纵之人。”想象一下，如果莱昂内尔•蒂林或其他有同等声望的人每月被要求评论五本书，其中三本是由犯罪供词组成的中篇小说……），根据罪有应得的放纵之人，可知会受到口头的谴责，因此，A选项“抨击”符合题意。

18.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文倒数第二句ImaginetheverbalexcoriationsthatwouldbeinflictedifLionelTilling,orsomeoneofcomparableeminence,werecalledontoreviewfivebooksamonthofwhichthreewerenovelettescomposedofcriminalconfessions.（想象一下，如果莱昂内尔•蒂林或其他有同等声望的人每月被要求评论五本书，其中三本是由犯罪供词组成的中篇小说，会遭到怎样的口头谴责。）可得知莱昂内尔•蒂林受人邀请评论书籍，那么他很可能是一位书评家。因此，C选项“书评家”符合题意。

19.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】语义推测题。根据题干定位到原文最后一句ThebutchersofBroadwaywouldseemlambsbycomparison.（相比之下，百老汇的屠夫就像是羔羊）这句话的前面是有提到书评家，而百老汇是美国戏剧艺术的活动中心，由此可知百老汇的屠夫也就是说的戏剧评论家，因此，D选项“戏剧评论家”符合题意。

20.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。这个自然段前面的一个自然段很可能论述书评家的工作。根据第一句话，Thedramacritic,ontheotherhand,hasnosuchadvantages.（而戏剧评论家则没有这样的优势）可知作者改变了他的话题，因为他运用了ontheotherhand（另一方面）这个词组。与戏剧评论相对应的很可能是书评，而且文章结尾处把书评家和戏剧评论家进行了比较。因此，A选项“书评家的工作”符合题意。

4.单选题

ThebeautyofHopipaintedpotteryisknownthroughoutthemodernworld;soalsowasitknownandhighlyvaluedintheaboriginalworldoftheNorthAmericanWest.UntilapproximatelyA.D.1300potteryintheHopicountrywassimplyaregionalvariationonthewaresofotherpartsofthePuebloarea.Then,withtheadventofthefourteenthcentury,cameanartisticexplosion.Theblack-on-whitedesigns,belovedofarchaeologistsbutrelativelyundistinguished,weresupersededbybrilliant,black-on-orangedesignsandorangepolychromes.Theseinturnweresupersededbyblack-on-yellowtypesquitedifferentindesign,layout,andexecutionfromanyotherPuebloware.Bytheadditionofredtothis,apolychromewasproduced.Itsmoderncounterpartisinconstantdemandinshopsthroughoutthecountry.ItiscalledSikyatkiPolychromeafterthefirstmajorarchaeologicalexcavationintheHopicountry.

IncontrasttothealmostexclusivelygeometricnatureofotherPueblowares,thelateprehistoricHopiyellowsandpolychromesarecharacterizedbystartling,sweepingcurvilinearmotifs;bird,animal,floral,andhumanrepresentations;andreligiousmasksandceremonialscenes.TheirfreedomofrenditioniscompletelyatvariancewiththecanonsofallotherprehistoricPuebloschoolsofpotterydesign,exceptforthecontemporaryMimbreswareinwesternNewMexico,whichsharedsome,butfarfromallofthefreedomfromestablishedtradition.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theword“it”inthefirstsentencereferstothe______.

3.Inthefirstparagraph,whatissaidaboutHopipotterymadebeforeA.D.1300?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whendidthegreatestartisticadvancementinHopipotterytakeplace?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadesignusedforHopipaintedpottery?

问题1选项

A.ThetechniquesusedbytheHopitomarketpottery.

B.ThepotteryartifactsfoundinanarchaeologicalexcavationatSikyatki.

C.ThediversedesignsandcolorsusedbytheHopiinpaintingpottery.

D.TherelationofHopipotterytothatdesignedbytheMimbres.

问题2选项

A.NorthAmericanWest

B.qualityofakindofpottery

C.Hopiculture

D.modernworld

问题3选项

A.Itwastransportedailovertheworld.

B.Itshighcostmadeitdifficulttopurchase.

C.Itsblack-on-whitedesignswereuncommon.

D.ItwasverysimilartootherPueblopottery.

问题4选项

A.Duringtheyearsjustpriortothethirteenthcentury.

B.Duringthefirstfewdecadesofthethirteenthcentury.

C.Inthebeginningofthefourteenthcentury.

D.Inthemiddleofthefourteenthcentury.

问题5选项

A.Birdrepresentations.

B.Commonweapons.

C.Ceremonialscenes.

D.Humanfigures.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?1.这篇文章主要讨论什么？

A.ThetechniquesusedbytheHopitomarketpottery.A.霍皮人销售陶器的技术。

B.ThepotteryartifactsfoundinanarchaeologicalexcavationatSikyatki.B.在锡亚特基考古挖掘中发现的陶器。

C.ThediversedesignsandcolorsusedbytheHopiinpaintingpottery.C.霍皮人在绘制陶器时使用的各种图案和颜色。

D.TherelationofHopipotterytothatdesignedbytheMimbres.D.霍皮陶器与明布雷斯人设计的陶器的关系。

【答案】C

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】文章第一句指明“霍皮彩陶的美丽在现代世界闻名”，随之，作者介绍了不同时期下霍皮彩陶的特点，包括它们使用的色彩和图案，所以整篇文章主要讨论的就是霍皮人在彩绘陶器中使用的图案和色彩，所以该题选择C选项“霍皮人在绘制陶器时使用的各种图案和颜色”。

【干扰项排除】

A项“霍皮人销售陶器的技术”，原文没有提到霍皮人的销售技术，该项无中生有；

B项“在锡亚特基考古挖掘中发现的陶器”和D项“霍皮陶器与明布雷斯人设计的陶器的关系”只是原文中的某一个方面，不是主要内容，以偏概全。

2.【选项释义】

2.Theword“it”inthefirstsentencereferstothe______.2.第一句中的it指的是______。

A.NorthAmericanWestA.北美西部

B.qualityofakindofpotteryB.一种陶器的品质

C.HopicultureC.霍皮文化

D.modernworldD.现代世界

【答案】B

【考查点】词汇推理题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至首段第一句“霍皮彩陶的美丽在现代世界闻名；因此，在北美西部的土著世界也被人们所知并被高度重视”，从中可知，这里的it指的依然是霍皮彩陶，所以该题选择B项“一种陶器的品质”。

【干扰项排除】

A项“北美西部”由解题思路可知，该项曲解原文；

C项“霍皮文化”和D项“现代世界”在该句都没有提及，无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

3.Inthefirstparagraph,whatissaidaboutHopipotterymadebeforeA.D.1300?3.在第一段中，关于公元1300年以前的霍皮陶器是怎么说的？

A.Itwastransportedailovertheworld.A.它被运往世界各地。

B.Itshighcostmadeitdifficulttopurchase.B.它的昂贵价格使它很难购买。

C.Itsblack-on-whitedesignswereuncommon.C.它的黑白设计很少见。

D.ItwasverysimilartootherPueblopottery.D.它和其他普韦布洛陶器非常相似。

【答案】D

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据原文第一段第二句“大约在公元1300年以前，霍皮人国家的陶器仅仅是普韦布洛地区其他地区陶器的区域变种”可知，霍皮陶器是普韦布洛地区其他地区陶器的区域变种，这也就是说霍皮陶器其实和其他普韦布洛陶器相似。因此，该题选择D项“它和其他普韦布洛陶器非常相似”。

【干扰项排除】

A项“它被运往世界各地”在原文中只在第一段倒数第二句提到“它的现代版（moderncounterpart）在全国各地的商店里不断地有需求”，从moderncounterpart（现代版）可知这并不是公元1300年以前的事情，该项曲解原文；

B项“它的昂贵价格使它很难购买”在原文并没有提到关于霍皮彩陶的价格，该项无中生有；

C项“它的黑白设计很少见”，定位第一段第四句“考古学家们钟爱黑白图案，但相对来说并不出众（relativelyundistinguished）……”可知，黑白图案的设计只是并不出众，而不是很少见，该项曲解原文。

4.【选项释义】

4.Accordingtothepassage,whendidthegreatestartisticadvancementinHopipotterytakeplace?4.根据这篇文章，霍皮陶器最伟大的艺术进步发生在什么时候？

A.Duringtheyearsjustpriortothethirteenthcentury.A.在十三世纪之前的几年里。

B.Duringthefirstfewdecadesofthethirteenthcentury.B.在十三世纪的头几十年里。

C.Inthebeginningofthefourteenthcentury.C.在十四世纪初。

D.Inthemiddleofthefourteenthcentury.D.在十四世纪中期。

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据原文第一段第三四句“然后，随着十四世纪的到来，艺术出现了爆炸性的发展（cameanartisticexplosion）。考古学家们钟爱的黑白图案，但相对来说并不出众，后来被明亮的颜色所代替，出现了彩陶。”可知，十四世纪的到来，霍皮陶器取得了重大进步，这也就是说霍皮陶器最伟大的艺术进步发生在十四世纪早期。因此，该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】

A项“在十三世纪之前的几年里”和B项“在十三世纪的头几十年里”根据解题思路可知，这两项属于曲解原文；

D项“在十四世纪中期”在原文没有提到，属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadesignusedforHopipaintedpottery?5.以下哪一项没有被提到作为霍皮彩陶的设计？

A.Birdrepresentations.A.鸟禽描绘。

B.Commonweapons.B.普通武器。

C.Ceremonialscenes.C.仪式场景。

D.Humanfigures.D.人体画像。

【答案】B

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据原文第二段第一句“与其他普韦布洛人的几乎完全的几何性质相比，史前晚期的霍皮黄陶和彩陶以惊人的、广泛的曲线图案为特征，表现元素多为鸟、动物、花、人类以及宗教面具和仪式场景”可知，霍皮彩陶的图案多为鸟、动物、花、人类以及宗教面具和仪式场景，只有B项“普通武器”没有提及。因此，该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A项“鸟禽描绘”、C项“仪式场景”和D项“人体画像”由解题思路可知，这三项都是霍皮彩陶的图案，属于反向干扰。

5.单选题

Everymeans（

）triedoutbutneverwithsuccess,asfarasmyknowledgegoes.

问题1选项

A.is

B.are

C.hasbeen

D.havebeen

【答案】C

【解析】考查主谓一致。every开头，可知后面要用单数，根据句意可知要用完成时，因此选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Thereissupposedtobeasafety______whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide.

问题1选项

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项appliance“器具，器械”，B项accessory“配件，附件”，C项machine“机械，机器”，D项mechanism“机制，原理”。根据句子结构可知，空格处应该填入一个名词作which定语从句的先行词，在从句中充当主语，根据从句的内容“使火车不可能相撞”可推断，空格处填入mechanism“机制”符合语境。句意：应该有一种安全机制使火车不可能相撞。因此，该题选择D项正确。

7.单选题

Thecarpetlooksbeautifulbutcannot（）thewearandtearofcontinualuse.

问题1选项

A.standupfor

B.standupto

C.standwellwith

D.standupwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项standupfor“支持，坚持”；B选项standupto“经得起，抵抗，勇敢地面对”；C选项standwellwith“得……宠信；得某人好感，好评”；D选项standupwith“给……当傧相，陪伴”。句意：地毯看起来很漂亮，但（）不断使用的磨损。这个句子要表达的意思是“但是经不起不断使用的磨损”，因此B选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Waterproblemsinthefuturewillbecomemoreintenseandmorecomplex.Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldeceasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesseswillproducelargevolumesofliquidwastes,andmanyofthesewillcontainchemicalswhicharenoxious.Tofeedourrapidlyexpandingpopulation,agriculturewillhavetobeintensified.Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.Fromthis,itisapparentthatdrasticstepsmustbetakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblem.

Therearetwowaysbywhichthispollutionproblemcanbedwindled.Thefirstrelatestothetreatmentofwastestodecreasetheirpollutionhazard.Thisinvolvestheprocessingofsolidwastes“priorto”disposalandthetreatmentofliquidwastes,oreffluents,topermitthereuseofthewaterorminimizepollutionuponfinaldisposal.

Asecondapproachistodevelopaneconomicuseforallorapartofthewastes.Farmmanureisspreadinfieldsasanutrientororganicsupplement.Effluentsfromsewagedisposalplantsareusedinsomeareasbothforirrigationandforthenutrientscontained.Effluentsfromotherprocessingplantsmayalsobeusedasasupplementalsourceofwater.Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproductsintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustriesarepotentialeconomicusesforwasteproducts.

1.Thepurposeofthispassageis（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?

3.Thereadercanconcludethat（）.

4.Theauthorgivessubstancetothepassagethroughtheuseof（）.

5.Thewords“priorto”(para.2)probablymean（）.

问题1选项

A.toalertthereadertothedwindlingwatersupply

B.toexplainindustrialusesofwater

C.toacquaintthereaderwithwaterpollutionproblems

D.todemonstratevariousmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblem

问题2选项

A.Industrialdevelopmentincludesthesimplificationofcomplexchemicalprocesses.

B.Dilutingwastesneedscertainamountofwater.

C.Demandsforwaterwillgoupalongwiththeexpandingpopulation.

D.Intensivecultivationoflandrequiresmoreandmorechemicals.

问题3选项

A.countriesoftheworldwillworktogetheronpollutionproblems

B.byproductsfromwastesleadtoamoreprosperousmarketplace

C.scienceismakinggreatprogressonincreasingwatersupplies

D.someindustriesarenowmakingeconomicuseofwastes

问题4选项

A.interviewswithauthoritiesinthefieldofwatercontrols

B.opinionsandpersonalobservations

C.definitionswhichclarifyimportantterms

D.strongargumentsandpersuasions

问题5选项

A.after

B.during

C.before

D.beyond

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文第一段首先指出未来的水问题将变得更加严重和复杂，尤其是污水问题。接下来在二三段主要讲解决污水问题的方法。所以本文主要的目的是为了让人们了解污水问题，选项C正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段第二、三句“Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldecreasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.我们不断增长的人口将极大地增加城市垃圾，主要是污水。另一方面，对水的需求增加将大大减少可用来稀释废物的水量。”可知选项B和选项C均有涉及；根据第一段倒数第二句“Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.这将涉及越来越多的农用化学品。”可知选项D有涉及。根据第一段第四句“Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesses…快速发展的工业涉及越来越复杂的化学过程”，并没有说工业发展包括简化复杂的化学过程，所以选项A与原文表述不符。

3.判断推理题。根据最后一段最后两句“Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproductsintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustriesarepotentialeconomicusesforwasteproducts.许多行业，如肉类和家禽加工厂，目前正在将以前的废物转化为可销售的副产品。其他行业是废物的潜在经济用途。”也就是说，一些行业现在正在经济地利用废物，选项D符合原文。

4.判断推理题。从全文来看，作者只是在表达个人的观点以及陈述个人观察的结果：介绍水污染及其解决办法，所以选项B正确。

5.词义推断题。根据句意可知，“theprocessingofsolidwastes”应该是在“disposal”之前，所以“priorto”意为“之前”，选项C正确。

9.单选题

Inthesummerof1978anEnglishfarmernamedIanStevenswasdrivinghistractorthroughafieldofwheatwhenhediscoveredsomethingstrange.Someofhiswheatwaslyingflatontheground.Theflattened（被压平的）wheatformedacircleaboutsixmetersacross.Aroundthiscirclewerefoursmallercirclesofflattenedwheat.Inthefollowingyearsmoreandmoresimilarcircleswerefoundinafieldofwheatorcorn.Sopeoplecannothelpbutaskthequestion:Whatcausesthecircles?

Atfirstpeoplesuspectedthatthecircleswereatrick.Toprovethatthecircleswereatrick,peopletriedtocopythem:theytriedtomakecirclesexactlyliketheonesthefarmershadfound.Theycouldn’tdoit.Theycouldn’tenterafieldofgrainwithoutleavingtracks,andtheycouldn’tflattenthegrainwithoutbreakingit.Thecirclesareapparentlynotatrick.

Manypeoplebelievethatbeingsfromouterspacearemakingthecircles.Somethinkthatthebeingsaretryingtocommunicatewithusfromfarawayandthatthecirclesaremessagesfromthem.Othersbelievethatthebeingshaveactuallylandedonearthandthatthecirclesaremarksleftbytheirspaceships.Severaltimespeoplereportedseeingstrangeflyingobjectsnearfieldswherecircleslaterappeared.

Scientistssaythey’renotsurewhatcausesthem.Theyhavesuggestedseveraltheories.Forexample,somescientistssaythat“microburst’s”ofwindcreatedthecircles.Amicroburstisadownwardrushofcoolair—thesamedownwardrushofairthatsometimescausesanairplanetocrash.Othersscientistssaythatforceswithintheearthcausethecirclestoappear.Butcirclesoftenappearinforms.Itishardtobelievethatanynaturalforcecouldcreatethoseforms.Andrecentlyfarmershavediscoverednotonlycirclesbutalsoothershapessuchastrianglesintheirfields.Couldanynaturalforcecreatedaperfecttriangleinafieldofgrain?

Inthesummerof1990somescientistsspentthreeweeksinthepartofEnglandwheremanycircleshaveappeared.Theyhadallthelatesthigh-techequipment.Thisequipment—worth1.8milliondollars—recordednothing.Butonenight,asthescientistswerewatchingafield,circlesfo