考研考博-英语-扬州环境资源职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-扬州环境资源职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Someone’sfutureblursandgoesblankasanticipation（）nothingness.

问题1选项

A.smashesinto

B.squeezesinto

C.fadesinto

D.jamsinto

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项smashinto表示“猛撞在……”；B选项squeezeinto表示“挤入；硬塞进……”；C选项fadeinto表示“渐渐融入于……，逐渐变成……”；D选项jaminto表示“挤进”。根据Someone’sfutureblursandgoesblank（个人的未来变得渺茫，成为空白）可知，期望应当是逐渐变成虚无，故C项fadeinto符合语境。句意：当期望逐渐变得虚无，个人的未来也会变得渺茫，成为空白。

2.单选题

Therearenominees，like“LoneSurvivor”，thatwon'twinthe2014Oscars,but（）yourattention,becauseeachisastunningperformancethatwillendureforquitesometime.

问题1选项

A.suspend

B.surpass

C.derive

D.deserve

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。由but以及because引导的句子句意“因为每个都是非常精彩的会持续很长一段时间的表演”可知这些表演值得别人关注。故D项正确。句意：有些提名影片，比如《孤独的幸存者》（LoneSurvivor），不会获得2014年奥斯卡奖，但是值得引起你的注意，因为每个都是非常精彩的会持续很长一段时间的表演。

3.填空题

Who（1）youhowtopreparespecimensforanalysis?Youdoitsowell!I

（2）thatIcoulddoitasskillfullyasyou.UnfortunatelyIwasn’tgivenverygoodtraining（3）labtechniqueswhenIwasastudent.AlthoughIknowyou*retoo（4）tobemyteacher,Iwouldappreciateitifyou’d（5）outanymistakesImake.I’malways（6）toimprove.

大意:是谁教你如何去准备这个分析样本的？你做得这么好！我希望我能和你一样做得精巧。不幸的是，当我是个学生的时候，我在实验技术方面没有受过很好的培训。尽管，我知道你太忙而不能成为我的老师，但是如果你能指出我犯的错误，我会很感激。我总渴望进步。

【答案】1.taught

2.wish

3.in

4.busy

5.point

6.eager

【解析】1.词汇题。根据后面的howtoprepare推测空格处应表示“告诉,教”,且此处应为一般过去时。

2.词汇题。句意:我希望我能和你一样做得精巧。

3.词汇题。In表示“在…方面”。

4.词汇题。句意:我知道你太忙而不能成为我的老师。

5.固定搭配。Pointout指出(错误等)。

6.固定搭配。Beeagerto渴望。

4.单选题

Itwasn’tsuchagooddinner（）shehadpromised.

问题1选项

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.as

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。such和as搭配，so和that搭配，所以这里只能填入as。句意：这顿晚餐并不像她所承诺的那样好。选项D正确。

5.单选题

ThisEnglishdocumentiscompiledbytheBureauofLegislativeAffairsoftheStateCouncilofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,andispublishedbytheChinaLegalSystemPublishingHouse.Incaseof（

）,theoriginalversioninChineseshallprevail.

问题1选项

A.incongruity

B.disagreement

C.discrepancy

D.disharmony

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项incongruity“不协调；不适宜”；B选项disagreement“不一致；争论”；C选项discrepancy“不符；矛盾”；D选项disharmony“不一致；不融洽”。句意：本英文文件由中华人民共和国国务院法制局编译，中国法制出版社出版。当发生……时，以中文原文为准。此处应指正式场合出现歧义时，以中文原文为准。C选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Themanagergaveherhis（

）thathercomplaintwouldbeinvestigated.

问题1选项

A.consent

B.conception

C.assurance

D.insurance

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。consent同意；conception概念，设想；assurance保证，担保；insurance保险。句意：经理向她保证会调查处理她的投诉的。由“hercomplaintwouldbeinvestigated.”可知此空意为“经理向她保证……”C项符合题意。答案C

7.单选题

Thepriceofthecoalwillvaryaccordingtohowfarithastobetransportedandhowexpensivethefreight（）are.

问题1选项

A.payments

B.charges

C.funds

D.prices

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。payments“付款，薪资”；charges“费用，手续费”；funds“资金，基金”；prices“价格”。句意：煤的价格将根据运输的距离和运费的价格而有所不同。B项符合题意。

8.单选题

Becauseoffather’spoorcircumstances,myuncle（）myeducation.

问题1选项

A.finances

B.maintains

C.supplies

D.affords

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项finances“负担经费，供给……经费”；B选项maintains“维持，保持”；C选项supplies“供应，提供”；D选项affords“买得起，提供”。句意：由于父亲的贫苦处境，我叔叔（）了我的教育。可以看出因为父亲的条件不好，所以是叔叔“资助了我的学习”，因此A选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Shecriticizedmywritingbutinawaythatwasvery（）.Ilearnedalotfromher.

问题1选项

A.autonomous

B.constructive

C.fundamental

D.elementary

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。autonomous"自治的";constructive"有益的,建没性的";fundamental"基本的,必要的";elementary"基本的,初级的"。句意：她批评了我的写作，但批评的方式很有建设性。我从她身上学到了很多。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened（

）asuddenloudnoise.

问题1选项

A.therewas

B.therehavingbeen

C.beingthere

D.shouldtherebe

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如有突然的巨响，那么这些动物确实有可能受惊。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。该句属于与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，主句部分为could+动词原形，从句部分应该为should+动词原形或wereto+动词原形，当省略引导词if后需采用倒装，将should提前。

11.单选题

IthasbeenannouncedthatphysicistsfromdifferentcountrieswillgatherinNewYorkfora____nextmonth.

问题1选项

A.symphony

B.symmetry

C.symposium

D.symptom

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.symphony交响乐B.symmetry对称（性）

C.symposium研讨会D.symptom征兆

【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析

【解题思路】前文提到“来自不同国家的物理学家聚集到一起”，而空格处所填词是他们聚集到一起的目的，C选项symposium“研讨会”最符合语义逻辑。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均为symposium“研讨会”的形近词，但都不能使原句前后语义衔接。

【句意】据通知，来自不同国家的物理学家将于下个月聚集在纽约参加一个研讨会。

12.单选题

Thedevelopmentoftoothpastebeganaslongagoas3000/5000BCintheancientcountiesofChinaand304.AccordingtoChinesehistory,Huang-Ticlaimeddifferenttypesofpairfeltinthemouthcouldbecuredbystickinggoldandsilverneedlesintodifferentpartsofthejawandgum.Itwastheoriessuchasthesethatledtothedevelopmentofdentalcream.Duringtheyears3000/5000BC,Egyptiansmadetoothpasteusingarecipeofpowderedashesofhoovesofoxen,myrrh,powderedandburnedeggshellsandpumice.ItisassumedthattheancientEgyptiansusedtheirfingerstorubthemixtureontoteeth.

Thetooshtick,theforerunnerofthetoothbrushhadnot,asfarasisknown,beendiscoveredatthistime.FromtherecordsoftheancientcountriesofIndiaChinaandEgypt,itwastheGreeksandRomanswhodevelopedandimprovedtoothpasteanddevelopedaleadeninstrumentfortheextractionofteeth.Theywerealsothefirsttobindlooseteethtogetherandtosupportartificialteethbymeansofgoldwire.During1000AD,thePersians,gaveadviceonthedangersofusinghardtoothpowderandrecommendationsweremadetomaketoothpowderfromburnthart-shorn,theburntshellsofsnailsandoystersandburnedgypsum.

OtherPersianrecipesincludeddriedanimalparts,herbs,honeyandminerals.Oneformulaforstrengtheningteethincludedgreenlead,verdigris,incense,honeyandpowderedflint-stone.

Toothpowderordentifrice,wasfirstavailableinBritaininthelate18thcentury.Itcameinaceramicpotandwasavailableeitherasapowderorpaste.Therichapplieditwithbrushesandthepoorwiththeirfingers.Thepowdersweredevelopedbydoctors,dentistsandchemistsandoftencontainedingredientsthatwerehighlyabrasiveandharmfultotheteeth,suchasbrickdust,china,earthenwareorcuttlefish,andtomakethemmorepalatable,theycontainedglycerin.Bytheearlynineteenthcentury,theingredientstrontiumwasintroduced,tostrengthenteethandreducesensitivity,butitonlyreallyconcentratedonthegums.Inthelate18century,boraxwasintroducedintheU.S.andin,1896,DentalCreamwasfirstpackagedinpowderwasusedtogetthefoamingeffect.In1873,anaromatictoothpasteinajar:collapsibletubes.BeforetheSecondWorldWar,themajorityoftoothpasteonthemarketusedsoapasanemulsifyingagent,eventhoughitwasknownthatsoaphadcertaininherentdefects.

1.Whatisthemainsubjectofthepassage?

2.Theword"extraction"inline11refersto（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,itcanbeinferredthattheGreeksandRomans（

）.

4.TheauthormentionsthatthePersiansusedtoothpowdersforwhichpurposeotherthancleaningteeth?

5.Accordingtothepassage,strontiumwasmostusefulfor（

）.

问题1选项

A.methodsofcleaningteeth

B.methodsofcaringforteeth

C.developmentoftoothpaste

D.dentalhistory

问题2选项

A.cleaning

B.removal

C.replacement

D.brushing

问题3选项

A.alsodevelopedthetoothbrush

B.hadmoredentalproblemsthanotherculture

C.werethefirsttosupportartificialteeth

D.didnotkeeprecordsoftheirdentalpractices

问题4选项

A.strengthening

B.beautifying

C.coloring

D.extracting

问题5选项

A.concentratingonthegums

B.gettingafoamingeffect

C.reducingsensitivity

D.emulsifyingagent.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段主要介绍了牙膏出现的理论基础以及古代牙膏的组成成分；第二段主要介绍了古代其他国家对牙膏的改进；第三段简要介绍了古代牙膏的配方；最后一段主要介绍了18世纪到19时间牙膏的改进和发展，因此C选项“牙膏的发展”符合题意。

2.词义题。A选项“清洁”；B选项“移动”；C选项“代替”；D选项“（用刷子）刷”根据题干信息“extraction”定位至文章第二段中，由itwastheGreeksandRomanswhodevelopedandimprovedtoothpasteanddevelopedaleadeninstrumentfortheextractionofteeth.（正是希腊人和罗马人发明并改进了牙膏，并研制出一种用于……牙的铅仪器）可知B选项更符合语境，指拔牙的仪器。

3.推理判断题。根据题干信息“GreeksandRomans”定位至文章第二段中，由Theywerealsothefirsttobindlooseteethtogetherandtosupportartificialteethbymeansofgoldwire.（他们也是第一个把松动的牙齿绑在一起，用金丝支撑人造牙齿的人）可知希腊人和罗马人是第一个制作人造牙齿的人，因此选C。

4.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Oneformulaforstrengtheningteethincludedgreenlead,verdigris,incense,honeyandpowderedflint-stone.（强化牙齿的配方包括绿铅、紫草、熏香、蜂蜜和粉状火石）可知波斯人的牙粉具有强化牙齿的作用，因此选A。

5.细节事实题。根据题干信息“strontium”定位至文章最后一段中，由Bytheearlynineteenthcentury,theingredientstrontiumwasintroduced,tostrengthenteethandreducesensitivity,butitonlyreallyconcentratedonthegums.（在十九世纪初，，引入了锶成分，以加强牙齿并降低敏感度，但它真正只集中在牙龈上）可知锶有加强牙齿和降低敏感度的作用，因此选C。

13.单选题

______Stevesaid:“IwillbecomingbackandifconditionsdonotworsensounexpectedlyIhopetomeetyouagain.”

问题1选项

A.Cryptically

B.Deservedly

C.Exceedingly

D.Excessively

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A项cryptically“隐秘地，意义含糊地”，B项deservedly“理所当然地，应得报酬地”，C项exceedingly“非常，极其，极度地”，D项excessively“过分地，极度”。由双引号内的句意“我会回来的，如果情况不会如此出乎意料地恶化，我希望能再次见到你”可知，四个选项中把A项代入进去最符合句子的语境。句意：史蒂夫含糊其词地说：“我会回来的，如果情况不会如此出乎意料地恶化，我希望能再次见到你。”因此，该题选择A项正确。

14.单选题

Menoccasionallystumbleoverthetruth,butmostofthempickthemselvesupandhurryoffasifnothingeverhappened.

问题1选项

A.stopover

B.takeover

C.tripover

D.slideover

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项stopover“中途停留；暂留”；B选项takeover“接管；接收”；C选项tripover“被……绊倒”；D选项slideover“略过；回避”。句意：人们偶尔会在真理面前……，但大多数人会爬起来就匆匆离去，好像什么事也没有发生过。根据后面的关键信息pickthemselvesup“自己爬起来”，一般人们会在摔倒后自己爬起来。因此C选项符合题意。

15.翻译题

Twomodesofargumentationhavebeenusedonbehalfofwomen’semancipationinWesternsocieties.Argumentsinwhatcouldbecalledthe“relational”feministtraditionmaintainthedoctrineof“equalityindifference”,orequityasdistinctfromequality.Theycontendthatbiologicaldistinctionsbetweenthesexesresultinanecessarysexualdivisionoflaborinthefamilyandthroughoutsocietyandthatwomen’sprocreativelaboriscurrentlyundervaluedbysociety,tothedisadvantageofwomen.Bycontrast,theindividualistfeministtraditionemphasizesindividualhumanrightsandcerebrates(崇尚)women’squestforpersonalautonomy,whiledownplayingtheimportanceofgenderrolesandminimizingdiscussionofchildbearinganditsattendantresponsibilities.Beforethelatenineteenthcentury,theseviewscoexistedwithinthefeministmovement,oftenwithinthewritingsofthesameindividual.Between1890and1920,however,relationalfeminism,whichhadbeenthedominantstraininfeministthoughtandwhich,stillpredominatesamongEuropeanandnon-Westernfeminists,lostgroundinEnglandandtheUnitedStates.Becausetheconceptofindividualrightswasalreadywell-establishedintheAnglo-Saxonlegalandpoliticaltradition,individualistfeminismcametopredominateinEnglish-speakingcountries.Atthesametime,thegoalsofthetwoapproachesbegantoseemincreasinglyirreconcilable.Individualistfeministsbegantoadvocateatotallygender-blindsystemwithequalrightsforall.Relationalfeminists,whileagreeingthatequaleducationalandeconomicopportunitiesoutsidethehomeshouldbeavailableforallwomen,continuedtoemphasizewomen’sspecialcontributionstosocietyashomemakersandmothers.Theydemandedspecialtreatmentforwomen,includingprotectivelegislationforwomenworkers,state-sponsoredmaternitybenefits,andpaidcompensationforhousework.

Relationalargumentshaveamajorpitfall:becausetheyunderlinewomen’sphysiologicalandpsychologicaldistinctiveness,theyareoftenappropriatedbypoliticaladversariesandusedtoendorsemaleprivilege.Buttheindividualistapproach,byattackinggenderroles,denyingthesignificanceofphysiologicaldifference,andcondemningexistingfamilialinstitutionsashopelesslypatriarchal,hasoftensimplytreatedasirrelevantthefamilyrolesimportanttomanywomen.Iftheindividualistframework,withitsclaimforwomen’sautonomy,couldbeharmonizedwiththefamily-orientedconcernsofrelationalfeminists,amorefruitfulmodelforcontemporaryfeministpoliticscouldemerge.

【答案】相比之下，利己的女权主义传统强调个人的人权并崇尚妇女追求个人的自主，却贬低性别角色的重要性并减少对生育子女和抚养子女责任的探讨。

然而，从1890年到1920年，关系论的女权主义在女权思想中占主导地位而且现在仍然在欧洲和非西方女权主义者中占优势，它在英国和美国失去了影响。

但是利己主义的研究方法，通过抨击性别角色，否定生理差别的重要性，谴责现存家庭体制是不可救药的家长制,常常将对许多妇女来说非常重要的家庭角色仅视为毫不重要的事情。

16.单选题

Drinkingwateris（）whensewageseepsintothewatersupply.

问题1选项

A.concealed

B.consumed

C.contemplated

D.contaminated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项conceal“隐藏；隐瞒”；B选项consume“消耗，消费”；C选项contemplate“沉思；注视”；D选项contaminate“污染，弄脏”。句意：当污水渗入到供水系统后，饮用水会被污染。根据句意判断出D选项正确。

17.单选题

Technologystandardsmaybemandatedbygovernmentorindustrycommitteesbutalotofstandardizationislefttothemarketplaceandissponsoredbydominantcompanies.

问题1选项

A.authorized

B.manmade

C.produced

D.manipulated

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.authorized批准；授权B.manmade人造的

C.produced生产；产生D.manipulated控制；操纵

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词Technologystandards（技术标准）和governmentorindustrycommittees（政府或行业委员会）可推知，mandated是指“获得授权，执行”，A项词义与之相近，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】技术标准可能是由政府或行业委员会强制执行的，但很多标准化工作都是由市场来完成的，并由占主导地位的公司赞助。

18.单选题

Theteacherwantedtomakethestudentsrealizethatreadinggoodliteratureisagoodwaytobroadentheir（）.

问题1选项

A.vision

B.horizon

C.scope

D.expansion

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。vision“幻觉”;horizon“眼界，地平线”;scope“范围”;expansion“扩充”。句意：这位老师想让学生们意识到读一些好的文学作品是开阔视野的一个好的方法。选项B符合题意。

19.不定项选择题

Manyofusarefearfulofmakingchangesinourworklives—fearisanaturalhumancondition.Wefeellessthreatenedwhenwestickwiththefamiliar.Aslongaswearereceivingapaycheck,wetoleratethedissatisfaction.Bettertojustplayitsafe.

Butthesafetynetwepreserverequiresabigtrade-off.Itoftendeniesustheopportunitytoexperienceworkthatmakesushappy,thatisconsistentwithourdesireswhilestillmeetingourmonetaryneeds.Yetmanyofusstrapourselvesintojobsinwhichtheonlyrewardismoney.

Webreedcynicismwhenwetreatourworkasnothingmorethanafinancialequation,anecessitywetolerateinordertoacquirefundstolive,withthehopeofsomehowachievingsuccessandhappinessalongtheway.That’sreallymostofuswanttobehappy.Wespend80,000hoursofourlivesatwork.Yet,weviewhappinessassomethingtobeachieved“outside”ofwork.WehireourselvesoutonMondaythroughFridayand“live”fortheweekends.

Mostofusdidn’tchooseourcareerstofulfillapurposeormission.Onthecontrary,wejustlookedfor“agoodjobwithagoodcompany,”reflectingsuchcriteriaaspay,titleandsecurity.Wereasonedthatifwecould“getafootinthedoor”andworkhard,ourcareerswouldgrowovertime,actually,thatourcareersandworkliveswouldjusthappen“byaccident.”Becauseofthis,manyofushavecareerstodaythatarejust“accidentswaitingtohappen.”Everydaybusinessdecisions,areorganizationplan,anacquisitionbyanothercomply,arelocationoutofthecountryofthecompany,canthrowourworklivesintodanger.Butdespitethisuncertainty,someofusstillclingtoourjobs,dissatisfyingastheymaybe.Can’ttakethatrisk!

“Hangingon”involvesrisktoo.Forwhenwesacrificepleasureforpay,ourworklacksdignity,usesourenergyand,ultimately,breaksourspirit.Anunhappy,unfulfilledworklifecontributestoanunhappy,unfulfilledpersonallife.Happinessinwork,ashappinessinlove,demandsameasureofrisk.

AuthorMarshaSimetarsuggeststhatifyou“dowhatyoulove,themoneywillfollow.”Certainlythismayseemabitrisky,perhapsidealistic,butitisundoubtedlytruethatpeoplewholovewhattheydofindwaystomakethemostmoney.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphwelearnthat（）

2.Bysayingthat“thesafetynetwepreserverequiresabigtrade-off”(paragraph2,line1)the（）

3.Welearnfromthetextthat（）

4.Accordingtothetext,whenthechangesthrowourworklivesintodanger,wewillusually（）

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthetextisto（）

问题1选项

A.fearisoneofthefundamentaldefectsinhumancharacter.

B.peopletendtokeepstableworktoavoidthefearofchanges.

C.thepaycheckmakespeoplefeelsafeabouttheirwork.

D.peoplefeellessfearfulunderanaturalhumancondition.

问题2选项

A.peopleneedtodobusinesswhenmanagingworkandlife.

B.mencanfeelsafewhenreceivingmoney,themajorrewardofjob.

C.safetymeanssacrificingthebalancebetweenmonetaryneedsandhappinessofwork.

D.safetycanbeachievedbymeetingbothourdesireandmonetaryneeds.

问题3选项

A.peoplestrugglebetweentheidealofworkandmonetaryneeds.

B.peopledonothaveasenseofmissionnowadaysbutfancyaboutmoney.

C.happinessandmoneycanbebothachievedduringworkinmostcases.

D.thedevelopmentofourcareerisdoomedtohappen.

问题4选项

A.expressgreatdissatisfactionatthejob.

B.takeanotherworkopportunity.

C.feeluncertainabouttherisk.

D.remainatthepreviousworkposition.

问题5选项

A.persuadepeopletochoosecareerstofulfillapurpose.

B.criticizethephenomenonofworkingformoney.

C.elaboratepeople’sattitudestowardswork.

D.illustratehowtoachievesafetyofworklife.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:段落大意题。“Manyofusarefearfulofmakingchangesinourworklives—fearisanaturalhumancondition.Wefeellessthreatenedwhenwestickwiththefamiliar.”从这句话我们可以得出正确答案为B，说的是人们为了逃避那些改变，会倾向于坚持与我们熟悉的事物相处，因此B正确当选。

第2题:句意理解题。我们可以定位到原文的第二段第二句，“Itoftendeniesustheopportunitytoexperienceworkthatmakesushappy,thatisconsistentwithourdesireswhilestillmeetingourmonetaryneeds.”意思就是“它经常剥夺我们体验能使我们快乐的工作的机会，这样的工作既符合我们的欲望，又能满足我们的金钱需求”，也就是说我们认为的安全网就是用快乐来换钱（工作），也就是C项的意思，牺牲金钱和快乐之间的平衡，C当选。

第3题:细节推断题。“当我们把工作仅仅看作是经济上的平衡时，我们就会滋生犬儒主义，这是我们为了获得生活所需而忍受的必要条件”，这一句就暗示了A选项，说的是人们一直挣扎在理想的工作和金钱的需求中，第三段也给出了这一观点的详细阐述，A正确。

第4题:细节推断题。根据题干定位到第四段，倒数第二句“Butdespitethisuncertainty,someofusstillclingtoourjobs,dissatisfyingastheymaybe.Can’ttakethatrisk!”，意为：但尽管存在这种不确定性，我们中的一些人仍然坚持工作，尽管工作可能并不令人满意。我不能冒这个险！告诉了我们就算是有这种不确定性，我们也不愿意改变自己的工作，答案为D。

第5题:作者意图题。题干问作者写这篇文章的意图何在，我们需要纵观全文回答，其实问的也就是文章的主旨大意，A项不对，文章只是建议人们可以去做自己热爱的事业，而不是一定要达到一个目标；B项也不对，作者是同意人们为了钱而工作的，只是希望人们能有工作又快乐；C项是全文的主要论述对象，全文就是在讲人们对于工作的态度如何，当选；D项无关项。答案为C。

20.单选题

Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.Butalltoooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythemostprivilegedanddoeslittletohelpaveragepeople.

ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouseSpeakerProTemporePatriciaHaddad,toensure"genderparity"onboardsandcommissions,provideacaseinpoint.

HaddadandLewisareconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-governmentboardsarelessthan40percentfemale.Inordertoensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuchopportunities,theyhaveproposedimposinggovernmentquotas.Ifthebillsbecomelaw,stateboardsandcommissionswillberequiredtosetaside50percentofboardseatsforwomenby2022.

ThebillsaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedinCalifornia,whichlastyearbecamethefirststatetorequiregenderquotasforprivatecompanies.Insigningthemeasure,CaliforniaGovernorJerryBrownadmittedthatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeopleonthebasisofsex,isprobablyunconstitutional.

TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-basedclassificationsunlesstheyaredesignedtoaddressan"important"policyinterest.BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,evenwherethereisnohistoryofpriordiscrimination,courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatestheconstitutionalguaranteeof"equalprotection".

Butaresuchgovernmentmandatesevennecessary?Femaleparticipationoncorporateboardsmaynotcurrentlymirrorthepercentageofwomeninthegeneralpopulation,butsowhat?

Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernmentinterference.

AccordingtoastudybyCatalyst,between2010and2015theshareofwomenontheboardsofglobalcorporationsincreasedby54percent.

Requiringcompaniestomakegendertheprimaryqualificationforboardmembershipwillinevitablyleadtolessexperiencedprivatesectorboards.ThatisexactlywhathappenedwhenNorwayadoptedanationwidecorporategenderquota.

WritinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotesthatincreasingthenumberofopportunitiesforboardmembershipwithoutincreasingthepoolofqualifiedwomentoserveonsuchboardshasledtoa"goldenskirt"phenomenon,wherethesameelitewomenscoopupmultipleseatsonavarietyofboards.

Nexttimesomebodypushescorporatequotasasawaytopromotegenderequity,rememberthatsuchpoliciesarelargelyself-servingmeasuresthatmaketheirsponsorsfeelgoodbutdolittletohelpaveragewomen.

1.TheauthorbelievesthatthebillssponsoredbyLewisandHaddadwills（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheCaliforniameasure?

3.TheauthormentionsthestudybyCatalysttoillustrate（

）.

4.Norway'sadoptionofanationwidecorporategenderquotahasledto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?

问题1选项

A.helplittletoreducegenderbias

B.poseathreattothestategovernment

C.raisewomen'spositioninpolitics

D.greatlybroadencareeroptions

问题2选项

A.Ithasirritatedprivatebusinessowners.

B.ItiswelcomedbytheSupremeCourt.

C.ItmaygoagainsttheConstitution.

D.Itwillsettlethepriorcontroversies.

问题3选项

A.theharmfromarbitraryboarddecision

B.theimportanceofconstitutionalguarantees

C.thepressureonwomeninglobalcorporations

D.theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions

问题4选项

A.theunderestimationofelitewomen'srole

B.theobjectiontofemaleparticipationonboards

C.theentryofunqualifiedcandidatesintotheboard

D.thegrowingtensionbetweenlaborandmanagement

问题5选项

A.Women'sneedinemploymentshouldbeconsidered.

B.Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicy-making.

C.Everyoneshouldtryhardtopromotesocialjustice.

D.Majorsocialissuesshouldbethefocusoflegislation.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.态度题。纵观全文，文章一直在论述该法案，在最后一段作者提出了自己的想法，下次有人把企业配额作为促进性别平等的一种方式。请记住，这些基本上都是自私自利的措施，让他们的赞助商感觉良好，但其实并没有什么帮助。由此可见作者对此法案采取否定态度，A“helplittletoreducegenderbias对减少性别偏见没什么帮助”为同义替换的正确选项。

2.细节题。根据题干中的关键词Californiameasures定位到原文第五段第二句，BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,...courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatetheconstitutionalguaranteeof...violate违反宪法，选项Cagainst替换violate为正确选项。

3.例证题。根据题干中catalyst替换到第七段，论点为上一句Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernment

interference.在没有政府干预的情况下，公司董事会中的妇女人数一直在稳步增加。可见D选项theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions政府干预的不必要性正确。

Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE4.细节题。根据Norway定位到倒数第三段第一句，要求将性别作为董事会成员的主要资格，必然会导致私营部门董事会减少。紧接着下文说董事会成员的机会越来越多，却没有合格的女性来担任董事会成员，由此可见会有不合格的人进入董事会，正确答案为选项C“不合格候选人进入董事会”。

5.推断题。B.Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicy-making，由最后一段可知，下次有人把企业配额作为促进性别平等的一种方式。请记住，这些基本上都是自私自利的措施，让他们的赞助商感觉良好，但其实并没有什么帮助。由此可知该政策并不可取，正确答案为选项B“可行性应是决策的首要考虑因素”。

21.单选题

Thepolicearesuspicious（

）hiswordsbecausehealreadyhasarecord.

问题1选项

A.to

B.at

C.on

D.of

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。besuspiciousof“对……感到怀疑”。选项D符合题意。句意：警察对他的话感到怀疑因为他已经做好了记录。

22.单选题

Childrenarealways（

）aboutthingstheydonotknow.

问题1选项

A.queer

B.strange

C.curious

D.quaint

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。queer“奇怪的，异常的”；strange“奇怪的，陌生的”；curious“好奇的”；quaint“奇怪的，离奇有趣的”。句意：孩子们总是对未知事物充满好奇。C项符合题意，答案C

23.单选题

Plasticsheetingshouldbewrappedaroundthetreeinwinnerto（）itfromthewindandthefrost.

问题1选项

A.recover

B.shield

C.shade

D.rescue

【答案】B

【解析】recoverfrom恢复;shield与from庇护,使免遭……;shade不与from搭配,rescuefrom从...中营救。句意：应该用塑料布把树裹起来,以防止风和霜冻。选项B符合句意。

24.单选题

Thisrefrigeratorweboughtlastweekis（）

satisfactory.

问题1选项

A.byallmeans

B.byanymeans

C.bynomeans

D.bysomemeans

【答案】C

【解析】byallmeans一定,

务必,

一般单独用,

后面不接成分；byanymeans无论如何；bynomeans—点也不；bysomemeans通过某种方法。句意：我们上周买的冰箱一点儿也不让人满意。选项C符合句意。

25.单选题

Poseidonsatathisdesk,doingfigures.Theadministrationofallthewatersgavehimendlesswork.Hecouldhavehadassistants,asmanyashewanted一andhedidhaveverymany一butsincehetookhisjobveryseriously,hewouldintheendgooverallthefiguresandcalculationshimself,andthushisassistantswereoflittlehelptohim.Itcannotbesaidthatheenjoyedhiswork:hediditonlybecauseithadbeenassignedtohim;infact,hehadalreadyfiledmanypetitionsfor—asheputit—morecheerfulwork,buteverytimetheofferofsomethingdifferentwasmadetohimitwouldturnoutthatnothingsuitedhimquiteaswellashispresentposition.Andanyhowitwasquitedifficulttofindsomethingdifferentforhim.Afterall,itwasimpossibletoassignhimtoaparticularsea:asidefromthefactthateventhentheworkwithfigureswouldnotbecomelessbutonlypettier,thegreatPoseidoncouldinanycaseoccupyonlyanexecutiveposition.Andwhenajobawayfromthewaterwasofferedtohimhewouldgetsickattheveryprospect,hisdivinebreathingwouldbecometroubledandhisbrazenchestbegantotremble.Besides,hiscomplaintswerenotreallytakenseriously;whenoneofthemightyisvexatioustheappearanceofaneffortmustbemadetoplacatehim,evenwhenthecaseismosthopeless.InactualityashiftofpostswasunthinkableforPoseidon—hehadbeenappointedGodoftheSeainthebeginning,andthathehadtoremain.

Whatirritatedhimmost一anditwasthisthatwaschieflyresponsibleforhisdissatisfactionwithhisjob—wastohearoftheconceptionsformedabouthim:howhewasalwaysridingaboutthroughthetideswithhistrident.Whenallthewhilehesathereinthedepthsoftheworld-ocean,doingfiguresuninterruptedly,withnowandthenatriptoJupiterastheonlybreakinthemonotony—atrip,moreover,fromwhichheusuallyreturnedinarage.Thushehadhardlyseenthesea—hadseenitbutquicklyinthecourseofhurriedtripstoOlympus,andhehadneveractuallytraveledaroundit.Hewasinthehabitofsayingthatwhathewaswaitingforwasthefalloftheworld;then,probably,aquietmomentwouldbegrantedinwhich,justbeforetheendandhavingcheckedthelastrowoffigures,hewouldbeabletomakeaquick,littletour.

Poseidonbecameboredwiththesea.Heletfallhistrident.Silentlyhesatontherockycoastandagull,dazedbyhispresence,describedwaveringcirclesaroundhishead.

1.Theunderlinedsentence("It…him")inthefirstparagraphsuggestthatPoseidonregardedhisworkwith().