考研考博-英语-包头铁道职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-包头铁道职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby“drugs”thataren’treallydrugsatall______sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.

问题1选项

A.orrather

B.ratherthan

C.butrather

D.otherthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A项orrather“更精确的说，倒不如说”，B项ratherthan“而不是”，C项butrather“而宁可说是”，D项otherthan“除了”。根据句子可知，not…butrather…固定搭配，表示“不是……而是……”。句意：有时病人遭受严重的疼痛可以通过“药物”来缓解，这些“药物”根本不是药物，而是不含任何活性化学元素的糖丸。因此，该题选择C项正确。

2.单选题

Tworelativelyrecentindependentdevelopmentstandbehindthecurrentmajorresearch

effortonnitrogenfixation,(固氮)theprocessbywhichbacteriasymbioticallyrenderleguminous(豆科的)plantsindependentofnitrogenfertilizer,onedevelopmenthasbeentherapid,sustainedincreaseinthepriceofnitrogenfertilizer.Theotherdevelopmenthasbeentherapidgrowthofknowledgeofandtechnicalsophisticationingeneticengineering.Fertilizerprices,largelytiedtothepriceofnaturalgas，hugeamountsofwhichgointothemanufactureoffertilizer,willcontinuetorepresentanenormousandescalating,economicburdenonmodemagriculture,spurringthesearchforalternativestosynthetic(合成的)fertilizers.Andgeneticengineeringisjustthesortoffundamentalbreakthroughthatopensupprospectsofwhollynovelalternatives.Onesuchnovelideaisthatofinsertingintothechromosomes(染色体)ofplantsdiscretegenesthatarenotapartoftheplants’naturalconstitution:specifically,theideaofinsertingintononleguminousplantsthegenes,iftheycanbeidentifiedandisolated,thatfittheleguminousplantstobehostsfornitrogen-fixingbacteria.

Nitrogenfixationisaprocessinwhichcertainbacteriauseatmosphericnitrogengas,whichgreenplantcannotdirectlyutilize,toproduceammonia(氨)anitrogencompoundplantscanuse.Itisoneofnature’sgreatironiesthattheavailabilityofnitrogeninthesoilfrequentlysetsanupperlimitonplantgrowtheventhoughtheplants’sleavesarebathedinaseaofnitrogengas.Theleguminousplantsamongthemcropplantssuchassoybeans,peas,alfalfa,andclover-havesolvedthenitrogensupplyproblembyenteringintoasymbiotic(共生的)relationshipwiththebacterialgenusRhizobium(根瘤菌);asamatteroffact,thereisaspecificstrainofRhizobiumforeachspeciesoflegume.Thehostplantsuppliesthebacteriawithfoodandaprotectedhabitatandreceivessurplusammoniainexchange.Hence,legumescanthriveinnitrogendepletedsoil.

Unfortunatelymostofthemajorfoodcropsincludingmaize,wheat,rice,andpotatoescannot.Onthecontrary,manyofthehigh-yieldinghybrid(杂种的)varietiesofthesefoodcropsbredduringtheGreenRevolutionofthe1960’swereselectedspecificallytogivehighyieldsinresponsetogenerousapplicationsofnitrogenfertilizer.Thisposesanadditionalformidablechallengetoplantgeneticists:theymustworkonenhancingfixationwithintheexistingsymbioses.Unlesstheysucceed,theyieldgainsoftheGreenRevolutionwillbelargelylostevenifthegenesinlegumesthatequipthoseplantstoenterintoasymbiosiswithnitrogenfixersareidentifiedandisolated,andevenifthetransferofthosegenecomplexes,oncetheyarefound,becomespossible.Theoveralltasklooksforbidding,butthestakesaretoohighnottoundertakeit.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereiscurrentlynostrainofRhizobiumthatcanenterintoasymbiosiswith（

）.

3.ThepassageimplieswhichofthefollowingistrueofthebacterialgenusRhizobium?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingwasthemostinfluentialfactorinbringingaboutintensifiedresearchonnitrogenfixation?

5.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostcloselyanalogoustothesituationdescribedbytheauthorasoneofnature’sgreatironies.(thesentenceinitalicsinparagraph2)

6.Accordingtothepassage,theultimategoalofthecurrentresearchonnitrogenfixationistodevelop（

）.

7.Theauthorregardstheresearchprogramunderdiscussionas（

）.

8.Mostnearlyparallel,initsfundamentalapproach,totheresearchprogramdescribedinthepassagewouldbeaprogramdesignedto（

）

问题1选项

A.exposethefragilenatureofthefoundationsonwhichthehighyieldofmodemagriculturerest.

B.arguethatgeneticengineeringpromisestoleadtoevenhigheryieldsthanareachievablewithsyntheticfertilizers.

C.arguethatthecapacityfornitrogen-fixingsymbiosesistransferabletononleguminousplants.

D.explainthereasonsforandtheobjectivesofcurrentresearchonnitrogen—fixingsymbioses.

问题2选项

A.alfalfa

B.clover

C.maize

D.peas

问题3选项

A.Rhizobiumbacteriaarefoundprimarilyinnitrogen-depletedsoils.

B.SomestrainsofRhizobiumarenotcapableofenteringintoasymbiosiswithanyplant

C.Rhizobiumbacteriaproducesomeammoniafortheirownpurposes.

D.Rhizobiumbacteriacannotsurviveoutsidetheprotectedhabitatprovidedbyhostplants.

问题4选项

A.thehighyieldoftheGreenRevolution

B.thepersistentupwardsurgeinnaturalgasprices.

C.thevarietyofRhizobiumstrains.

D.themechanizationofmodemagriculture

问题5选项

A.Thatofafarmerwhosecropshavefailedbecausethenormalmidseasonrainsdidnotmaterializeandnopreparationsforirrigationhadbeenmade.

B.Thatofalong——distancerunnerwholosesamarathonracebecauseofawrongturnthatcosthimtwentyseconds.

C.Thatofshipwreckedsailorsatseainalifeboat,withoneflaskofdrinkingwatertoshareamongthem.

D.Thatofamotoristwhorunsoutofgasamerefivemilesfromthenearestgasstation.

问题6选项

A.strainsofRhizobiumthatcanenterintosymbioseswithexistingvarietiesofwheat,rice,andothernonleguumes

B.strainsofRhizobiumthatproducemoreammoniaforleguminoushostplantsthandoanyofthestrainspresentlyknown

C.varietiesofwheat,rice,andothernonlegumesthatyieldasmuchasdoexistingvarieties,butrequirelessnitrogen

D.varietiesofwheat,rice,andothernonlegumesthatmaintainanadequatesymbioticrelationshipwithnitrogen-fixingbacteriaandproducehighyield

问题7选项

A.originalandextensivebutill-definedastomethod

B.necessaryandambitiousbutvulnerabletofailure

C.cogentandworthwhilebutseverelyunderfunded

D.prohibitivelyexpensivebutconceptuallyelegant

问题8选项

A.achievegreaterfrostresistanceinfrosttenderfoodplantsbymeansofselectivebreeding,therebyexpandingthoseplantareaofcultivation

B.Achievegreateryieldfromfoodplantsbyinterplantingcropplantsthataremutuallybeneficial.

C.Findinginexpensiveandabundantnaturalsubstancesthatcouldwithoutreducingyields,besubstitutedforexpensivesyntheticfertilizes

D.Changethegeneticmakeupoffoodplantsthatcannotliveinwaterwithhighsalinity,usinggenesfromplantadaptedtoslotwater.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:B

第8题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开篇解释了由于化肥价格上涨以及遗传工程学技术增强，让研究者加大对固氮作用的研究，这是原因。后面紧接着讲到研究的具体内容以及将要实现的目标。所以D选项“解释研究固氮作用的原因以及研究的目标”符合题意。

2.细节判断题。文章第二段末尾处提到“soybeans，peas,alfalfa,andclover”可以与根瘤菌实现共生关系。第三段开始处使用“Unfortunately”表转折，“maize,wheat,rice,andpotatoescannot.”此处的cannot紧着上文的逻辑，指无法和根瘤菌实现共生，所以C选项正确。

3.语义理解题。根据文章第二段末尾“asamatteroffact,thereisaspecificstrainofRhizobiumforeachspeciesoflegume.Thehostplantsuppliesthebacteriawithfoodandaprotectedhabitatandreceivessurplusammoniainexchange.Hence,legumescanthriveinnitrogendepletedsoil.事实上，对于每一种豆类植物而言都存在一种特定的根瘤菌，寄主植物为根瘤菌提供食物以及一个充分保护的栖息处，而作为交换手段，将剩余的氨接过来。这样，豆科植物在氨肥缺失的土壤中仍能茂盛生长。确定B选项“根瘤菌自身创造氨肥”符合题意。A选项作者没有提及根瘤菌最初发现的地点，B项与文章意思相悖，D选项根瘤菌虽然和寄生植物是共生关系，但文章没有提及根瘤菌的细菌离开寄生植物就无法生存。

4.细节判断题。文章第一段提到由于化肥的价格很大程度上和天然气的价格相关，天然气的价格上涨直接导致肥料价格上涨，给现代农业带来了巨额并给不断上升的经济带来负担，直接刺激人们去寻找可替代的合成肥料。而遗传工程学的进步为寻找替代肥料创造了良好的条件。所以B选项“持续上涨的天然气价格”正确。

5.语义理解题。文章第二段提到“Itisoneofnature’sgreatironiesthattheavailabilityofnitrogeninthesoilfrequentlysetsanupperlimitonplantgrowtheventhoughtheplants’sleavesarebathedinaseaofnitrogengas.这真是大自然最大的讽刺，通常土壤中的氮限制了植物的生长，然而植物的叶子却生活在氮气的海洋中。”其意思是大气是有78%和22%的氧气构成，植物的叶子无法吸收氮气并转化成肥料，却要依靠土壤中十分有限的氮肥。C选项中‘遭遇海难的船员在救生艇上生存，尽管周围就是大海，却只有最后一瓶可饮用的水来维持生存’与文章意思相符，所以正确。

6.文章大意题。全文解释到对固氮作用的研究就是指分析豆科植物现有固氮作用，实现非豆类植物通过改变染色体基因，从而实现固氮作用，提高产量。B,C项与文章意思不符。A项是目标，但是不是最终目标。D选项‘小麦、水稻和其他非豆科植物的品种，与固氮细菌保持着充分的共生关系，产量高’符合题意。

7.作者观点题。文章最后一段末尾处，作者提到整项任务如此艰巨，令人望而生畏。但是收益之高让研究者不惜面对失败要勇于尝试。B选项‘必要且雄心勃勃，但容易失败’符合题意。

8.语义理解题。此题的题意是“根据研究的基本方法，与文中的研究最为相近的是下列哪一个”。根据文章可知，对于固氮作用的研究的基本方法是通过对非豆类植物染色体内注入一个部分不相关联的基因，倘若这些基因可被辨识并被分离，则这些基因则可以宜于充当那些具备固氮作用的细菌的寄主。D选项“改变粮食作物的基因，使其原本无法在高盐度的水中生存，现在可以适应在蓄水槽中生存。”更接近文意，正确。

3.单选题

WhenSecretaryofStateCondoleezzaRice（1）herpost,shewillhave（2）adramaticallydifferentforeignpolicyfortheUnitedStates.Thestiletto-heeledsupporteroftheRiceDoctrineisfondofpinninginterestinglyartfulsobriquets（3）herideas.Forexample,thepolicyofU.S.agents（4）thestreetsinforeigncountriesandtakingthemtothirdcountriesthatsometimes（5）torturetoforcerevelationofinformationiscalled“rendition”.SecretaryRicestaunchlydefendsit.

Thepolicyofstartingwarswithtroublesomeenemiesiscalled“preemptiveaction”.

She’sabigproponentwhentheadministration（6）itnecessary.Nowshehascome（7）with“transformationaldiplomacy”.Theideaisnotjusttohavediplomats（8）inforeignpostsreporttotheUnitedStateswhatisgoingonaroundthem,butto（9）themacttoinfluencewhatgoes（10）inhostnationstospurtheemergenceofdemocracy.

问题1选项

A.leaves

B.leave

C.hasleft

D.willleave

问题2选项

A.constructed

B.diverted

C.forged

D.deconstructed

问题3选项

A.down

B.on

C.downon

D.upon

问题4选项

A.snatchingsuspectsoff

B.snatchingsuspectsdown

C.seizingsuspectsoff

D.seizingsuspectsdown

问题5选项

A.practice

B.accomplish

C.achieve

D.consummate

问题6选项

A.considers

B.counts

C.assumes

D.deems

问题7选项

A.out

B.around

C.forth

D.forward

问题8选项

A.located

B.stated

C.stationed

D.appointed

问题9选项

A.force

B.let

C.have

D.charter

问题10选项

A.off

B.on

C.up

D.down

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:C

第8题:C

第9题:C

第10题:B

【解析】1.考查时态。空格后的主句用将来时，则条件句一般用现在时表将来。句意：当康多莉扎•赖斯离开美国国务卿这一职位时，她将会铸就美国大不相同的外交政策。A、B、C、D四个选项中只有A选项用的是现在时，因此A选项正确。

2.考查动词辨析。A选项constructed“构造，建造；构筑；搭建”，主要指房屋搭建与构造；B选项diverted“转移；使……分心；使……转向”；C选项forged“锻造，铸造；缔造，艰苦做成；伪造；稳步前进，匀速移动”；D选项deconstructed“解构；拆析”。联系第56题可知句意为：当康多莉扎•赖斯离开美国国务卿这一职位时，她将会铸就美国大不相同的外交政策。因此C选项正确。

3.考查固定搭配。pin...on归罪于，把某事归咎于某人，钉住。句意：这位穿着细高跟鞋的赖斯教义的支持者饶有兴趣地将自己巧妙的绰号归于自己的思想。因此B选项正确。

4.考查词组辨析。snatch“一把抓起；夺去；抢夺”；seize“抓住；夺取；理解；逮捕”，文中提到是在别国而非美国本土，且所带走的只是其所谓有嫌疑的人，所以不用seize，排除C选项和D选项。snatchoff为固定搭配，意为“抢夺；使劲抽开；急忙脱下”，因此A选项正确。

5.考查动词辨析。A选项practice“练习；实习；实行”；B选项accomplish“完成；实现；达到”；C选项achieve“取得；获得；实现；成功”；D选项consummate“完成；作成；使达到极点”。联系59题可知句意为：例如，美国特工将犯罪嫌疑人从外国的街道上抓起来，然后将他们带到有时使用酷刑迫使他们透露信息的第三国，这一政策被称为“引渡”。

国务卿赖斯坚定地为它辩护。因此A选项正确。

6.考查动词辨析。A选项consider“考虑；认为；考虑到；细想”；B选项count“数数；计算总数；把……算入，包括；重要；正式接纳；认为，看作”；C选项assume“设想；承担；采取；假定；夺取；擅用；侵占”；D选项deem“认为，视作；相信”。句意：政府认为有必要时，她会大力支持。因此D选项正确。

7.考查短语辨析。A选项comeout“出现；出版；结果是”；B选项comearound“来；苏醒，恢复知觉”；C选项comeforth“出来；涌现；被公布”，comeforthwith“提供信息”；D选项comeforward“涌现；自告奋勇；被提出来讨论”。句意：现在她提出了“转型外交”。因此C选项正确。

8.考查动词辨析。A选项located“处于，位于；坐落的”；B选项stated“规定；声明；陈述”；C选项station“配置；安置；驻扎”；D选项appointed“任命（工作、角色）；约定（时间、地点）；命令；受权处置（财产）”。句意：这个想法不仅仅是让驻外外交官向美国报告他们周围发生的事情……。因此C选项正确。

9.考查上下文语义。根据前文中的“notjusttohave...”可知“butto...”是与之相对应的，因此句式上应该保持一致，所以应为“buttohave...”。因此C选项正确。

10.考查短语辨析。A选项gooff“离开；进行；变质；睡去；断掉；爆炸”；B选项goon“继续；过去；继续下去；发生”；C选项goup“增长；上升；被兴建起来”；D选项godown“下降；平静下来；传下去；被接受”。句意：这个想法不仅仅是让驻外外交官向美国报告他们周围发生的事情，还让他们采取行动影响东道国发生的事情，以促进民主的出现。因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Thepooroldmanwas（

）withdiabetesandwithoutpropermedicaltreatmenthewouldlosehiseyesightandbecomecrippledverysoon.

问题1选项

A.suffered

B.afflicted

C.induced

D.infected

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。suffer“遭受”；afflict“折磨”；induce“诱导”；infect“感染”。句意：这为可怜的老人患有糖尿病，如果没有适当的治疗，他就会丧失视力，很快就会残废。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Theyboughtthelandwithaneye（

）buildingaschoolforchildreninthevillage.

问题1选项

A.to

B.of

C.at

D.with

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。固定搭配withaneyeto“着眼于，考虑到”。句意：他们考虑为这个村子的小孩修建一所学校而买了这块地。答案A

6.单选题

WhyhavebegantoreadIrishbookswitha（）andpassionateinterest.

问题1选项

A.inquisitive

B.curious

C.prying

D.inquiring

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他们开始怀着浓厚的好奇和兴趣阅读爱尔兰的书籍。

考查形容词辨析。inquisitive好学的，好奇的，兴趣广泛的，过分打听他人私事的；curious好奇的;prying爱打听的;inquiring好问的，爱探索的。句子整体表达的是带褒义的，因此A项正确。

7.单选题

Tomanypeople,ahusbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily—theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,to_______familycharacterandtogathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.

问题1选项

A.repress

B.intimidate

C.validate

D.confine

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“repress”意为“抑制；镇压（叛乱等）；约束”；B选项“intimidate”意为“恐吓，威胁；胁迫”；C选项“validate”意为“验证；确认；使生效”；D选项“confine”意为“限制；禁闭；（因疾病、残疾）无法离开（床、家、轮椅）”。句意：对许多人来说，夫妻二人似乎并不构成一个真正的家庭——他们需要孩子来充实他们的小圈子，使家庭特征生效，并从后代那里获得某种救赎的影响。由题干可知，ahusbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily（夫妻二人似乎并不构成一个真正的家庭）夫妻需要孩子才能构成完整的家庭，所以家庭特征需要有孩子才能生效。因此C选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Youmustinsistthatstudentsgiveatruthfulanswer（）withtherealityoftheirworld.

问题1选项

A.relevant

B.simultaneous

C.consistent

D.practical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项relevant表示“相关的；中肯的”，常与介词to搭配，B选项simultaneous表示“同时的，同时发生的”，C选项consistent表示“一致的；连续的”，常与介词with搭配，D选项practical表示“实际的；实践的”。由题干信息可知，原文空缺处单词需与with构成搭配，表示“与……一致”，因此，本题最佳选项为C选项。句意：你必须坚持要求学生的真实回答要与他们的现实世界一致。

9.单选题

Alltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyread（）lettersfromtheirfamilies.

问题1选项

A.sentimental

B.affectionate

C.intimate

D.sensitive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sentimental“多愁善感的”；B选项affectionate“深情的，充满爱的”；C选项intimate“亲密的”；D选项sensitive“敏感的”。根据句意可知，来自亲人的应该是深情的，充满爱的信件，所以选项B符合语境。

10.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetII.

在哥本哈根会议遇到困难，许多国家领导人准备打道回府的时候，我坚持同各方斡旋，与各国共同努力，最终达成哥本哈根协议。这个成果是来之不易的，也是在涉及各国重大利益问题上可能取得的最好成果。

哥本哈根会议结束以后，1月份我就致函联合国秘书长和丹麦首相，坚定地表示，中国高度评价和支持哥本哈根会议决议的立场。就在最近，我们又致函联合国，表示我们全面支持哥本哈根会议决议的立场，并且申明中国列入支持《哥本哈根协议》的名单国。

为什么总拿中国做文章？我至今不明白。气候变化问题关系到人类的生存，也关系到各国的利益，关系到世界的公平和正义。我们坚持“共同但有个别的责任”原则是完全正确的，我们将继续同世界各国一同推进应对气候变化的进程。

【答案】WhentheCopenhagenConferenceranintodifficultiesandmanyworldleaderswerereadytogohome,IinsistedonworkingwithallpartiesandothercountriestoreachanagreementinCopenhagen.Thisresultishard-won,anditisthebestthatcanbeachievedonissuesthataffecttheinterestsofallcountries.

AftertheCopenhagenConference,IwroteletterstotheUNSecretary-GeneralandtheDanishPrimeMinisterinJanuary,firmlystatingthatChinahighlyvaluesandsupportstheCopenhagenConferenceresolution.Justrecently,wewrotetotheUnitedNations,expressingourfullsupportfortheCopenhagenConferenceresolutionandaffirmingChina’sinclusioninthelistofcountriessupportingtheCopenhagenAccord.

WhydoyoualwaysmakeanissueofChina?Istilldon’tunderstand.Climatechangeconcernsnotonlythesurvivalofmankind,butalsotheinterestsofallcountriesandthefairnessandjusticeoftheworld.Itisentirelycorrectforustoadheretotheprincipleof“commonbutseparateresponsibilities”.Wewillcontinuetoworkwithothercountriestotackleclimatechange.

11.单选题

Menoftenwaitlongertogethelpformedicalproblemsthanwomen,and（

）,womenliveaboutsixyearslongerthanmenonanaverage.

问题1选项

A.insteadof

B.constantly

C.consequently

D.because

【答案】C

【解析】根据句意可知，前后构成因果关系，前面是因，后面是由此产生的结果，所以选项C符合语境。

12.单选题

Thefoodwasdivided（）accordingtotheageandsizeofthechild.

问题1选项

A.equally

B.individually

C.sufficiently

D.proportionally

【答案】B

【解析】句意：食物是根据孩子的年龄和大小单独分开的。选项B符合语境。

13.单选题

Thegovernment（）regulationsthatputthisarcheologicalsiteunderprotection.

问题1选项

A.discharged

B.released

C.issued

D.published

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项discharge“准许（某人）离开，释放，排出”；B选项release“释放，发泄，免除”；C选项issue“发行，发布”；D选项publish“出版，发表，公布”。句意：政府颁布条例来保护这个考古遗址。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。

14.单选题

WhenthetimeforJane’s（

）came,therewasgreatsorrowinthehousehold.

问题1选项

A.separation

B.departure

C.depression

D.expedition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“离别，分别”；B选项“离开，出发”；C选项“沮丧，不景气”；D选项“远征，探险队”。句意：当时间到（），整个家庭都陷入到一种沉重的悲伤中。一般亲人启程去某个地方就会产生悲伤，所以答案选B。A选项后面应该填人，或者主语为复数，所以不选。

15.单选题

Hadtheexplosionbrokenout,thepassengersintheplaneshouldhavebeenkilled,foritwas（

）timedwiththeplane’stake-off.

问题1选项

A.simultaneously

B.instantaneously

C.spontaneously

D.conscientiously

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项simultaneously“同时地”；B选项instantaneously“突如其来地，即刻”；C选项spontaneously“自然地，自发地”；D选项conscientiously“凭良心地，认真地”。当虚拟条件句中的谓语含有were，had，should时，可省略连词if，将were，had，should置于句首。Hadtheexplosionbrokenout=Iftheexplosionhadbrokenout（如果爆炸突然发生），由“爆炸发生”与“飞机上的乘客死亡”可推测这两个动词应是同时发生的，因此选A。句意：如果爆炸突然发生，飞机上的乘客就会被杀死，因为爆炸发生的时间和飞机起飞的时间是同一时间。

16.单选题

Theworld（

）credittoPrinceHenry,knownasHenrytheNavigator,forthedevelopmentofcraftthatmadeoceanicexplorationpossible.

问题1选项

A.owes

B.pays

C.admits

D.gains

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。owecreditto表示“感激，归功于”。句意为：世界应感谢被称为“航海家亨利”的亨利王子，原因是他发展了海船技术，使远洋航行成为可能。选项A符合句意。

17.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

What’sthebestteacher?Experience,ofcourse!It’spriceless.

Itcomesfromwhatyouyourselfhaveseen,heard,tasted,smelledandfelt—whatyouyourselfhavelivedthrough.

Takeacloserlook.Lookatourlimitations.

Nowonderexperienceissopreciousinthatwecan’tbegintogetenoughofit,evencannotexperienceagainwhatwejustlivedthrough.We’renotbornwithinstantreplay.Wecan’tactuallyreliveanymoment.And,obviously,we’relimitedtoonelifetime.

Spaceandtime!Howtheylimitus.Whohasatimemachinetocarryhimbackintohistory?Noone.It’sthesamewithspace.

Wecan’tliterallybeintwoplacesatthesametime.Rightnow,youcan’tbesittingwhereyouareandatthesametimebestrollingdownthefamedChampsElyseesinParis(巴黎香榭丽舍大道).

Andthere’ssomuchexperienceweneed.What’sitreallyliketoworkonanassemblyline?What’sitreallyliketobeasecretary?

Here’swherereadingfits.

Itcanbringus,personally,almostunlimitedadditionalexperience;tobesure,it’ssecondhandexperience.Butit’softenso,vividitseemsfirsthand,justasifwe’relivingthroughitourselves,beingmovedtotears,laughterorsuspense.Thatrichrangeofexperienceprovidestheidealsupplementtoourownlimitedexperience;bydoingso,readingbecomesoneofourmostprofoundmind-shapingactivities.

Furthermore,allthisexperienceisavailablewhenwewantit.Booksneverimposeonus.Whenwewantthem,wereachoutandpullthemofftheshellortable.Atourconvenienceweinvitethemtosharetheirunbelievablewealthwithus.

【答案】它（经验）来自于你自己的经历，自己看到、听到、尝到、闻到和感觉到的东西。

由于我们无法在一开始得到足够的经验，甚至不能再次经历刚经历过的事情，使得经验如此宝贵。

我们不能同时出现在两个地方。现在，你不可能坐在你现在的位置，且同时漫步在巴黎著名的香榭丽舍大街上。

它能给我们个人带来几乎无限的额外经验；当然，这是间接的经验。

丰富的经验为我们有限的经验提供了理想的补给；通过这样做，阅读成为我们最深刻的思想塑造活动之一。

18.单选题

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof（）.

问题1选项

A.persuasion

B.remedy

C.encouragement

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。persuasion“说服”；remedy“补救办法”；encouragement“鼓励”；compromise“妥协”。句意：如果一个人提及到他的弱点，他的听众应该说一些鼓励他的话。选项C符合题意。

19.单选题

Organizationalculturecanbedefinedasasystemofsharedbeliefsandvaluesthatdevelopswithinanorganizationand（）behaviorsofitsmembers.

问题1选项

A.guides

B.indicates

C.controls

D.supervises

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：组织文化能够被定义为一个共享信仰和价值观且对组织发展有益、对组织成员的行动具有指导意义的系统。选项A符合句意。

20.单选题

CriticalandindependentthinkingisavaluedskillamongAmericanacademicsandprofessorswhooftensadlylamentthatmodernstudentslacktheseskills.

问题1选项

A.mournaloud

B.expresssorrowdemonstratively

C.complain

D.regretstrongly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词以及形容词词义辨析。A选项mournaloud“大声哀悼”；B选项expresssorrowdemonstratively“表达悲伤”；C选项complain“抱怨”；D选项regretstrongly“强烈后悔”。题目中的lament表达的是“遗憾”的意思，所以D“regretstrongly深表遗憾”与题目意思相符。句意：美国专业学者和教授认为批判思维独立思维是一种很有价值的技能，他们通常会因现在的学生缺乏这种能力而伤感遗憾。因此D选项正确。

21.问答题

FishingandRights

Acidification,warming,thedestructionofcoralreefs:thebiggestproblemsfacingtheseaareasvast,deepandseeminglyintractableastheoceansthemselves.Solongastheworldfailstocutitsemissionsofgreenhousegases,causeoftheglobalwarmingbehindthesetroubles,theywillgrow.Bycomparison,overfishing,anothergreatcause,shouldbeeasiertoputright,especiallyinthecoastalwaterswheremostfishingoccurs.Andyetitgoeson,yearafteryear.

Fishermenhaveeveryreasontodosomething.Manyfisheriesarehurtlingtowardscollapse;stocksoflargefishhavebeenreducedbyupto90%.Whenstocksareoverfished,theyyieldasmallercatch.Thecostofmismanagement,inlosteconomicoutput,ishuge:some$50billionayear,accordingtotheWorldBank.

Onereasonwhythepillagecontinuesisthatknowledgeoffishstocksispoor,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Anewstatisticalattemptatestimatingtheremainingshoals,fromUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,isthereforewelcome—evenifthatisnottrueofitsfindingsthatstocksareevenmoreravagedthanpreviouslythought.Thestudyfoundthatbetterunderstoodfisheriesarelikeliertobehealthy.Anotherreasonforoverfishingisnewtechnology(developed,aptlyenough,for

battlefields),whichmakesshoalseasiertodetect.Aslargeboatsandrefrigerationhavespread,fishingfleetshavecoveredgreaterdistancesandhovereduplargercatches.Becausetechnologyletsfishermenfishwithlesseffort,itdisguisesjusthowfastthestocksaredepleting.

Fishermengenerallyunderstandtherisksofoverfishing.Yetstilltheyfloutquotas,wheretheyexist.Thatisoftenbecausetheytakeashort-termviewoftheasset—theywouldrathercashinnowandinvestthemoneyinsomethingelse.Anditisinvariablycompoundedbyacommons-despoilingfeeingthatiftheydon'tplunder,otherswill.

Inmostfisheries,thefishermenwouldmakemoremoneybyhusbandingtheirresource,anditshouldbepossibletoincentivizethemtodoso.Thebestwayistogivethemadefined,long-termrighttoashareofthefish.Inregulatedindustrialfisheries,asinIceland,NewZealandandAmerica,thishastakentheformofatradable,individualshareofafishingquota.Developingcountries,wherelawenforcementisweak,seemtodobetterwhenagrouprightoveranexpanseofwaterisgiventoacooperativeorvillagefleet.Theprincipleisthesame:fishermenwhofeellikeownersaremorelikelytobehaveasresponsiblestewards.Thenewstatisticalstudyconfirmsthatrights-basedfisheriesaregenerallyhealthier.

Yetonlyafewhundredoftheocean'sthousandsoffisheriesarerunthisway,mainlybecausesuchschemesarehardtogetright.Limitingaccesstoacommonresourcecreateslosers,andthereforediscord.Culturaldifferencesaffectsuccessrates;noteveryoneisaslaw-abidingasIcelanders.Almosteverywhereittakestimetoconvincefishermen,thelasthunter-gatherers,tochangetheirhabits.But,barnacledbycaveatsthoughitmaybe,therights-basedapproachisthebestavailable.

Inrichcountries,satelliteimagerywillincreasinglyhelp,bymakingmonitoringcheaperandbetter.Inmanypoorones,devolutionismakingiteasiertoformlocalorganizations.Anotherpromisingideaistoincorporaterights-basedfisherieswithno-catchzones.Thesesafeguardbreeding-stocksandareeasiertomonitorthanindividualcatches.Wherestocksarerecovering,asaresultofthesereforms,fishermenarelikeliertoseescientificallydeterminedquotasasintheirself-interest.Intheend,thatmaybetheonlyhope.

【答案】Inthisessay"FishingandRights",theauthorthinksthatglobalwarmingcausesacidification,warming,andthedestructionofcoralreefs.However,overfishingisanothergreatcause,andshouldbeeasiertoputright.Theoverfishingoffishermenhasleadedthestocksoflargefishtoreducelargely.

Themainreasonwhythepillagecontinuesisthatknowledgeoffishstocksispoor,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Fishermengenerallyunderstandtherisksofoverfishing,theyfloutquotas.Moreover,thefishermeninmostfisherieswouldmakemoremoneybyhusbandingtheirresource.Onlyafewhundredoftheocean'sthousandsoffisheriesarerunthisway,andbarnacledbycaveatsthoughitmaybe,therights-basedapproachisthebestavailable.Interestingly,theincorporationoftherights-basedfisherieswithno-catchzonesmaybetheonlyhope.

22.单选题

She’salwaysbeenkindtome—Ican’tjustturn（

）onhernowthatsheneedsmyhelp.

问题1选项

A.myback

B.myhead

C.myeye

D.shoulder

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。turnmybackonsomeone意为对某人不理睬。

23.单选题

If（）toheavypressure,castironwillcrack.

问题1选项

A.subjecting

B.beingsubjected

C.subjected

D.havingsubjected

【答案】C

【解析】考查条件句的主语省略。当条件句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省略主语。主句里面的主语是castiron“铸铁”，条件句省略了主语castiron，压力是由铸铁来承受的，因此应该使用subject的过去分词。句意：如果承受重大压力，铸铁也会断裂。完整版本应是Ifit’ssubjectedtoheavypressure,castironwillcrack.因此C选项符合题意。

24.单选题

Thefarmerwarnedthosechildrennotto_____onthecorn.

问题1选项

A.collapse

B.stripe

C.stride

D.tramp

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。collapse“倒塌，崩溃”；stripe“加条纹”；stride“跨步”；tramp“踩，走过”。句意：农民告诫那些孩子们不要在庄稼地里踩踏。选项D符合题意。

25.不定项选择题

Afewyearsagoayoungmotherwatchedherhusbanddiaper（给……换尿布）theirfirstbornson,“Youdonothavetobeunhappyaboutit,”sheprotested.“Youcantalktohimandsmilealittle.”Thefather,whohappenedtobeapsychologist,answeredfirmly,“Hehasnothingtosaytome,andIhavenothingtosaytohim.”

Psychologistnowknowhowwrongthatfatherwas.Fromthemomentofbirth,ababyhasagreatdealtosaytohisparents,andtheytohim.Butadecadeorsoago,theseexpertsweredescribingthenewbornasaprimitivecreaturewhoreactedonlybyreflex,ahelplessvictimofitsenvironmentwithoutcapacitytoinfluenceit.Andmothersacceptedthetruth.Mostthought(andsomestilldo)thatanewinfantcouldseeonlyblurry（模糊的）shadows,thathisothersenseswereundeveloped,andthatallherequiredwasnourishment,cleandiapers,andawarmbassinet.

Todayuniversitylaboratoriesacrossthecountryarestudyingnewbornsintheirfirstmonthoflife.Asaresult,psychologistsnowdescribethenewbabyasperceptive,withremarkablelearningabilitiesandanevenmoreremarkablecapacitytoshapehisorherenvironmentincludingtheattitudesandactionsofhisparents.Someresearchersbelievethattheneonat