考研考博-英语-新疆理工学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-新疆理工学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Acrosstheboard,Americancollegesanduniversitiesarenotdoingaverygoodjobofpreparingtheirstudentsfortheworkplaceortheirpost-graduationlives.Thiswasmadeclearbytheworkoftwosociologists,RichardArumandJosipaRoksa.In2011,theyreleasedalandmarkstudytitled“AcademicallyAdrift,”whichdocumentedthelackofintellectualgrowthexperiencedbymanypeopleenrolledincollege.Inparticular,ArumandRoksafound,collegestudentswerenotdevelopingthecriticalthinking,analyticreasoningandotherhigher-levelskillsthatarenecessarytothriveintoday’sknowledge-basedeconomyandtoleadournationinatimeofcomplexchallengesanddynamicchange.

ArumandRoksaplacedtheblameforstudents’lackoflearningonawatered-downcollegecurriculumandloweredundergraduateworkstandards.Althoughgoingtocollegeissupposedtobeafull-timejob,studentsspent,onaverage,only12to14hoursaweekstudyingandmanywereskatingthroughtheirsemesterswithoutdoingasignificantamountofreadingandwriting.Studentswhotakemorechallengingclassesandspendmoretimestudyingdolearnmore.Buttheprioritiesofmanyundergraduatesarewithextracurricularactivities,playingsports,andpartyingandsocializing.

LauraHamilton,theauthorofastudyonparentswhopayforcollege,willargueinaforthcomingbookthatcollegeadministrationsareoverlyconcernedwiththesocialandathleticactivitiesoftheirstudents.InPayingfortheParty,Hamiltondescribeswhatshecallsthe“partypathway,”whicheasesmanystudentsthroughcollege,helpedalongbyvariousclubsthatsendstudentsintothepartysceneandahostofeasiermajors.Bysanctioningthiswatered-downversionofcollege,universitiesare“cateringtothesocialandeducationalneedsofwealthystudentsattheexpenseofothers”whowon’tenjoythefinancialbackingorsocialconnectionsofricherstudentsoncetheygraduate.

Thesestudentsneedtobuildskillsandknowledgeduringcollegeiftheyaretousetheirdegreesasastepping-stonetomiddle-classmobility.Butmoreprivilegedstudentsmustnotwastethisopportunityeither.Asrecentgraduatescantestify,thejobmarketisn’tkindtocandidateswhocan’tdemonstrategenuinecompetence,alongwithawell-cultivatedwillingnesstoworkhard.NoristheglobaleconomyforgivingofanAmericanworkforcewithincreasinglyweakliteracy,mathandscienceabilities.Collegegraduateswillstillfarbetterthanthosewithonlyahighschooleducation,ofcourse.Butauniversitydegreeunaccompaniedbyagaininknowledgeorskillsisanemptyachievementindeed.Forstudentswhohavebeencoastingthroughcollege,andforAmericanuniversitiesthathavebeendemandinglesswork,offeringmoreattractionsandcharginghighertuition,thepartymaysoonbeover.

11.WhatisArumandRoksa’sfindingabouthighereducationinAmerica?

12.Whatisresponsibleforthestudents’lackofhigher-levelskills?

13.WhatdoesLauraHamiltonsayaboutcollegeadministrations?

14.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthesociallyandfinanciallyprivilegedstudents?

15.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.Itaimsatstimulatingtheintellectualcuriosityofcollegestudents.

B.Itfailstopreparestudentstofacethechallengesofmoderntimes.

C.Ithasexperienceddramaticchangesinrecentyears.

D.Ithastriedhardtosatisfystudents’variousneeds.

问题2选项

A.Thedilutedcollegecurriculum.

B.Theboringclassroomactivities.

C.Theabsenceofrigorousdiscipline.

D.Theoutdatededucationalapproach.

问题3选项

A.Theyfailtogiveadequatehelptotheneedystudents.

B.Theytendtooffertoomanylesschallengingcourses.

C.Theyseemtobeoutoftouchwithsociety.

D.Theyprioritizenon-academicactivities.

问题4选项

A.Theytendtohaveasenseofsuperiorityovertheirpeers.

B.Theycanaffordtochooseeasiermajorsinordertoenjoythemselves.

C.Theyspendalotoftimebuildingstrongconnectionswithbusinesses.

D.Theycanclimbthesocialladderevenwithoutadegree.

问题5选项

A.Americanhighereducationhaslostitsglobalcompetitiveness.

B.PeopleshouldnotexpecttoomuchfromAmericanhighereducation.

C.ThecurrentsituationinAmericanhighereducationmaynotlastlong.

D.Itwilltakealongtimetochangethecurrenttrendinhighereducation.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】11.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第一段倒数一二句In2011theyreleasedalandmarkstudytitled“AcademicallyAdrift,”whichdocumentedthelackofintellectualgrowthexperiencedbymanypeopleenrolledincollege.Inparticular,ArumandRoksafound,collegestudentswerenotdevelopingthecriticalthinking,analyticreasoningandotherhigher-levelskillsthatarenecessarytothriveintoday’sknowledge-basedeconomyandtoleadournationinatimeofcomplexchallengesanddynamicchange.“2011年，他们发布了一项具有里程碑意义的研究，题为《学术上的漂泊》，记录了许多上大学的人缺乏智力增长的经历。特别是，阿鲁姆和洛克萨发现，大学生没有培养出批判性思维、分析推理和其他更高层次的技能，而这些技能是在当今以知识为基础的经济中茁壮成长、在一个充满复杂挑战和动态变化的时代领导我们国家所必需的”，由此可知答案选B选项“它没能让学生做好面对现代挑战的准备”。

A选项“它旨在激发大学生的求知欲”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰；

C选项“近年来，它经历了巨大的变化”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

D选项“学校努力满足学生的各种需求”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

12.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第二段第一句话ArumandRoksaplacedtheblameforstudents’lackoflearningonawatered-downcollegecurriculumandloweredundergraduateworkstandards“阿鲁姆和洛克萨将学生学习不足归咎于大学课程的淡化和本科学业标准的降低”，由此可知答案选A选项“掺水的大学课程”。

B选项“枯燥的课堂活动”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

C选项“缺乏严格的纪律”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

D选项“过时的教育方法”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

13.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段第一句话LauraHamilton,theauthorofastudyonparentswhopayforcollege,willargueinaforthcomingbookthatcollegeadministrationsareoverlyconcernedwiththesocialandathleticactivitiesoftheirstudents“劳拉•汉密尔顿是一项关于支付大学学费的家长的研究的作者，她将在即将出版的一本书中指出，大学管理部门过于关注学生的社交和体育活动”，由此可知答案选D“他们优先考虑非学术活动”。

A选项“他们没有给贫困学生足够的帮助”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

B选项“他们往往提供太多缺乏挑战性的课程”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

C选项“他们似乎与社会脱节了”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

14.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段最后一句话Bysanctioningthiswatered-downversionofcollege,universitiesare“cateringtothesocialandeducationalneedsofwealthystudentsattheexpenseofothers”whowon’tenjoythefinancialbackingorsocialconnectionsofricherstudentsoncetheygraduate“通过批准这种弱化版的大学，大学是在“以牺牲其他人的利益来满足富裕学生的社会和教育需求”，而这些人一旦毕业，就无法享受富裕学生的经济支持或社会关系”，从这里可知答案选B选项“为了享受生活，他们可以选择更容易的专业”。

A选项“他们往往比同龄人有一种优越感”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

C选项“他们花大量时间与企业建立牢固的联系”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

D选项“即使没有学位，他们也能爬上社会的阶梯”，定位到第三段第五句Collegegraduateswillstillfarbetterthanthosewithonlyahighschooleducation,ofcourse“当然，大学毕业生仍然比那些只有高中学历的人要好得多”，从这里可知D选项错误。

15.推理判断题。第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到最后一段最后一句话Forstudentswhohavebeencoastingthroughcollege,andforAmericanuniversitiesthathavebeendemandinglesswork,offeringmoreattractionsandcharginghighertuition,thepartymaysoonbeover“对于那些在大学里过得很轻松的学生，以及对工作要求更少、提供更多吸引力、收取更高学费的美国大学来说，这场派对可能很快就要结束了”，从文章的关键词maysoonbeover可以看出，作者认为美国大学这种状态很快会消失，由此可以推断C选项“美国高等教育的现状可能不会持续太久”正确。

A选项“美国高等教育已经失去了其全球竞争力”，文章虽然在批判美国现在的教育制度但是没有提到美国的高等教育失去竞争力了，这里属于无中生有；

B选项“人们不应该对美国的高等教育期望过高”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

D选项“要改变目前高等教育的趋势需要很长时间”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰。

2.单选题

RobertSpring,a19thcenturyforger,wassogoodathisprofessionthathewasabletomakehislivingfor15yearsbysellingfalsesignaturesoffamousAmericans.SpringwasborninEnglandin1813andarrivedinPhiladelphiain1858toopenabookstore.AtfirstheprospectedbysellinghissmallbutgenuinecollectionofearlyUSautographs.Discoveringhisabilityatcopyinghandwriting,hebeganimitatingsignaturesofGeorgeWashingtonandBenFranklinandwritingthemonthetitlepagesofoldbooks.Tolessenthechanceofdetection,hesenthisforgeriestoEnglandandCanadaforsaleandcirculation.

Forgershaveahardtimesellingtheirproducts.Aforgercan'tapproacharespectablebuyerbutmustdealwithpeoplewhodon'thavemuchknowledgeinthefield.Forgershavemanywaystomaketheirworklookreal.Forexample,theybuyoldbookstousetheagedpaperofthetitlepage,andtheycantreatpaperandinkwithchemicals.

Inspring'stime,rightaftertheCivilWar.BritainwasstillfondoftheSouthernstates,soSpringinventedarespectablemaidenladyknownasMissFannyJackson,theonlydaughterofGeneral“Stonewall”Jackson.ForseveralyearsMissFanny'sfinancialproblemsforcedhertosellagreatnumberoflettersandmanuscriptsbelongingtoherfamousfather.Springhadtoworkveryhardtosatisfythedemand.AllthisactivitydidnotpreventSpringfromdyinginpoverty,leavingsharp-eyedexpertsthedifficulttaskofseparatinghisforgeriesformtheoriginals.

1.WhydidSpringsellhisfalseautographsinEnglandandCanada?

2.AftertheCivilWartherewasagreatdemandinBritainfor（）.

3.RobertSpringspent15years（）.

4.WhowasMissFannyJackson?

5.HowdidRobertSpringstarttosellforgeries?

6.AllofthefollowingarewaysaforgerusesEXCEPT（）.

7.WecaninferthatGeneral“StonewallJackson”was（）.

8.Wecaninferthatsharp-eyedexpertsarethosewho（）.

问题1选项

A.TherewasagreaterdemandtherethaninAmerican.

B.Therewaslesschanceofbeingdetectedthere.

C.BritainwasSpring'sbirthplace.

D.ThepriceswerehigherinEnglandandCanada.

问题2选项

A.southernmoney

B.signatureofGeorgeWashingtonandBenFranklin

C.southernmanuscriptsandletters

D.CivilWarbattleplans

问题3选项

A.runningabookstoreinPhiladelphia

B.correspondingwithMissFannyJackson

C.asaforger

D.asrespectabledealer

问题4选项

A.TheonlydaughterofGeneral“Stonewall”Jackson.

B.Alittleknowngirlwhosoldherfather'spapertoRobertSpring.

C.RobertSpring'sdaughter.

D.AnimaginarypersoncreatedbySpring

问题5选项

A.Hediscoveredthathehadtheabilityofcopyinghandwriting.

B.Hewasalmostdyinginpoverty.

C.ThecollectionofearlyUSautographswasallsoldout.

D.Hewastryingtomakealiving.

问题6选项

A.Buyingoldbookstousetheagedpaperofthetitlepage

B.treatingpaperwithchemicals

C.treatinginkwithchemicals

D.addingnewpaperintotheoldbooks

问题7选项

A.arealperson

B.animaginaryperson

C.anunknownperson

D.notageneralatall

问题8选项

A.havegoodeyesighttoreadbooks

B.arehighlyskilledatdistinguishingtheforgeriesandtheoriginals

C.haveakeeninsightintounderstandingworldaffairs

D.canseefarintothedistance

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:B

【解析】1.根据关键词“EnglandandCanada”定位到第一段最后一句“Tolessenthechanceofdetection,hesenthisforgeriestoEnglandandCanadaforsaleandcirculation.”Spring将赝品送到英国和加拿大售卖是因为被查到的机会更小,选项B符合原文。

2.根据第三段的内容可知,美国内战之后,英国人依然对南部各州情有独钟。于是Spring虚构出Jackson将军的独生女,因贫困卖掉大量属于她著名父亲的信件和手稿。所以选项C符合原文。

3.根据关键词“15years”定位到第一段第一句“RobertSpring,a19thcenturyforger,wassogoodathisprofessionthathewasabletomakehislivingfor15yearsbysellingfalsesignaturesoffamousAmericans.”19世纪的伪造者RobertSpring非常擅长自己的职业,他靠出售美国名人的假签名谋生15年。所以选项C正确。

4.根据第三段的内容以及关键词“invented”可知,FannyJackson只是Spring虚构出来的一个人物,目的是为了售卖他造假的Jackson将军的手稿和信件,所以选项D正确。

5.根据第一段倒数第二句“Discoveringhisabilityatcopyinghandwriting,hebeganimitatingsignaturesofGeorgeWashingtonandBenFranklinandwritingthemonthetitlepagesofoldbooks.”当他发现自己有抄写笔迹的能力,于是开始模仿乔治•华盛顿和本•富兰克林的签名,并把它们写在旧书的扉页上。选项A符合原文。

6.根据第二段的最后两句可知“theybuyoldbookstousetheagedpaperofthetitlepage,andtheycantreatpaperandinkwithchemicals.”他们买旧书来使用扉页的旧纸,他们可以用化学物质处理纸张和墨水。只有选项D没有提及。

7.根据第三段的内容可知,虽然FannyJackson是Spring虚构的人物,但“石墙”将军这个人是真实存在的,因为Spring所造假的手稿和信件是这位将军的,所以选项A正确。

8.根据最后一段最后一句“...leavingsharp-eyedexpertsthedifficulttaskofseparatinghisforgeriesformtheoriginals.”留给目光敏锐的专家们一项艰巨的任务:将他（Spring）的赝品与真品分开。选项B符合原文。

3.单选题

Therecentnewsofthesuccessfulcloningofanadultsheep—inwhichthesheep’sDNAwasinsertedintoanunfertilizedsheepeggtoproducealambwithidenticalDNA—hasgeneratedanoutpouringofethicalconcerns.TheseconcernsarenotaboutDolly,thenowfamoussheep,norevenabouttheconsiderableimpactcloningmayhaveontheanimalbreedingindustry,butratheraboutthepossibilityofcloninghumans.Forthemostpart,however,theethicalconcernsbeingraisedareexaggeratedandmisplaced,becausetheyarebasedonerroneousviewsaboutwhatgenesareandwhattheycando.Thedanger,therefore,liesnotinthepowerofthetechnology,butinthemisunderstandingofitssignificance.

Producingacloneofahumanbeingwouldnotamounttocreatinga“carboncopy”—anautomatonofthesortfamiliarfromsciencefiction.Itwouldbemorelikeproducingadelayedidenticaltwin.Andjustasidenticaltwinsaretwoseparatepeople—biologically,psychologically,morallyandlegally,thoughnotgenetically—sotoembraceabeliefingeneticdeterminism—theviewthatgenesdetermineeverythingaboutus,andthatenvironmentalfactorsortherandomeventsinhumandevelopmentareutterlyinsignificant.Theoverwhelmingconsensusamonggeneticistsisthatgeneticdeterminismisfalse.

Asgeneticistshavecometounderstandthewaysinwhichgenesoperate,theyhavealsobecomeawareofthemyriadwaysinwhichtheenvironmentaffectstheir“expression”.Thegeneticcontributiontothesimplestphysicaltraits,suchasheightandhaircolor,issignificantlymediatedbyenvironmentalfactors.Andthegeneticcontributiontothetraitswevaluemostdeeply,fromintelligencetocompassion,isconcededbyeventhemostenthusiasticgeneticresearcherstobelimitedandindirect.Indeed,weneedonlyappealtoourordinaryexperiencewithidenticaltwins—thattheyaredifferentpeopledespitetheirsimilarities—toappreciatethatgeneticdeterminismisfalse.

Furthermore,becauseoftheextrastepsinvolved,cloningwillprobablyalwaysberiskier—thatis,lesslikelytoresultinalivebirth—thatinvitrofertilization(IVF)andembryotransfer.Forexample,ittookmorethan275attemptsbeforetheresearcherswereabletoobtainasuccessfulsheepclone.Whilecloningmethodsmayimprove,weshouldnotethatevenstandardIVFtechniquestypicallyhavesuccessrateoflessthan20percent.Sowhywouldanyonegotothetroubleofcloning?

1.Whatprocessresultedinthesuccessfulcloningofanadultsheep?

2.Accordingtotheessay,inwhatrespecttherelationshipbetweenaclonedhumanbeinganditscounterpartissimilartotherelationshipoftwins?

3.Whatdoestheconceptofgeneticdeterminismstate?

4.Whatareexamplesofgeneticcontribution?

5.Accordingtothepassage,wheredoesthedangerofcloningliein?

问题1选项

A.Invitrofertilization.

B.Embryotransfer.

C.Theinsertionofamaturesheep’sDNAintoanunfertilizedegg.

D.Theadoptionofphysicalandgeneticcharacteristics.

问题2选项

A.Bothaclonedhumanbeingandapartoftwinshavethesameconceptionsofmorality.

B.Theenvironmentoneisbornintoaffectstheirconceptionsofreality.

C.Theconnectionisstrictlygenetic.

D.Thesimilaritiesarebiological,legal,moralandpsychological.

问题3选项

A.Thateachindividual’sDNAdeterminestheircapabilitiesinliferegardlessofenvironmentalmorality.

B.Environmentalfactorsgreatlyinfluencepersons’actionsandbeliefs.

C.Bothgenesandenvironmentsdeterminehumantraits.

D.Identicaltwinshavethecapacitytobecompletelyindependentbeingsandhaveindividualideas.

问题4选项

A.Hairandeyecolor.

B.Achild’sattitudetowardstheirparents.

C.Aperson’svalues.

D.Fashionstyle.

问题5选项

A.Thepoweroftechnology.

B.Ethicalandmoralissues.

C.Themistakenunderstandingofitssignificance.

D.Theexactreplicationofdangerouspeople.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句话提到inwhichthesheep’sDNAwasinsertedintoanunfertilizedsheepeggtoproducealambwithidenticalDNA,所以选项C符合题意。

2.文章第二段提到克隆人的产生就像一对完全相同的双胞胎。接着指出双胞胎是两个人，除了基因相似外，生理、心理、道德和法律上都是相对独立的，所以选项A、C、D可以排除，选项B符合题意。

3.文章第二段…theviewthatgenesdetermineeverythingaboutus,andthatenvironmentalfactorsortherandomeventsinhumandevelopmentareutterlyinsignificant,所以选项A符合题意。

4.文章第三段thegeneticcontributiontothesimplestphysicaltraits,suchasheightandhaircolor“基因只会对非常简单的特点有所影响，比如身高和头发颜色”，所以选项A符合题意。

5.文章第一段最后一句话Thedanger,therefore,liesnotinthepowerofthetechnology,butintheunderstandingofitssignificance.“因此危险并不是在于技术的力量，而是在对其重要性的理解上。”选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Manycountrieshaveadoptedsystemsof（）educationinordertopromotetheaveragelevelofeducation.

问题1选项

A.constrained

B.compulsory

C.cardinal

D.conventional

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项constrained“强迫的，过于受约束的”，例如：aconstrainedconfession（逼供、被迫招供），constrainedemotions（受压抑的感情）；B选项compulsory“义务的，必修的”，例如：compulsorymeasures（强迫手段），compulsoryservicesystem（义务兵役制）；C选项cardinal“主要的，基本的”，例句：RespectforlifeisacardinalprincipleofEnglishlaw.（尊重生命是英国法律最重要的原则）；D选项conventional“传统的，惯例的”，例句：Thechairmanmadeafewconventionalremarks.（主席说了几句客套话。）。句意：为了提高平均教育水平，许多国家都采用了义务教育制度。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。

5.单选题

Thisschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized（）.

问题1选项

A.presentation

B.instruction

C.conviction

D.obligation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项presentation“展示，描述”，B项instruction“指令，命令，教导”，C项conviction“定罪，确信”，D项obligation“义务，职责”；根据句子语境“这所学校承诺缩小班级规模，提供更个性化的……”可知，只有B项符合。句意：这所学校承诺要缩小班级规模，提供更加个性化的教学。因此，该题选择B项正确。

6.单选题

Priorto1905,spaceandtimewerecomfortableabsolutes.Over250yearsofpracticalexperienceandexperimentationhadfirmlyestablishedthesupremacyofthephysicsofSirIsaacNewton.ThepictureoftheuniversepaintedbyNewtonwasoneofamazingclarityandpracticalvalue.Themotionsofprojectiles,Pendulums,steamengines,andevendistantplanetscouldbereadilyexplainedusingthebrilliant17thcenturyphysicist'stheories.However,certainphenomena,includinghowlightwasabletotravelinavacuumandtheexactnatureofgravitycontinuedtoeludesatisfactoryscientificexplanation.

WhilesearchingforasolutiontothefailureofthenowfamousMichelson-Morelyexperiment,AlbertEinstein(wholeftGermanywhen,theNazistookpower,andbecameanAmericancitizenin1940)discoveredhisSpecial,TheoryofRelativity.Afewyearslater,heexplainedhistheoryintoanall-encompassinggrandviewoftheuniverse.HisGeneralTheoryofRelativitywasthefirsttodescribethenatureofgravity.TheGeneralTheoryofRelativitydescribesfourdimensionaluniverseinwhichthethreespatialdimensionsarecoupledwithafourth,time.Anyobjectintheuniversewithmassisdescribedascausingawarp,orcurveintotheverystructureofspace-timeitself.Gravityisshowntobearesultnotofsomeunforeseen,mysteriousforce,butasafunctionofthecurvatureofspaceitself.Allmatter,fromthetiniestsub-atomicparticle,tothemostmassiveofgalaxies,willinducethiscurvature.

Thisideaisfrequentlyexplainedbydescribingspaceasarubbersheet,andabodysuchasthesunasabowlingball.If,theballisplacedontherubbersheet,thesheetwillbendundertheweightoftheball,formingagravitywell.Thus,theorbitsoftheplanetscanbeseentoresultfromthem"rolling"aroundthemouthofthesun'sgravitywell.Ofcourse,thisanalogyisbutashadowofthetruenatureofspace.Inreality,thisgravitywellisafourdimensionalstructure.ShortlyafterpublicationoftheGeneralTheory,physicistsbegantoexplorethisstrangenewworld.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingphenomenadidEinsteindescribeinhisGeneralTheoryofRelativity,whichwasnotexplainedbyNewton'stheory?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthesimplicityoftheexampleofbowlingballandrubbersheettodescribeEinstein'stheorythat（

）.

4.Theword“analogy"inline21isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

5.Theauthorgivesasynonymforwhichofthefollowingwords?

问题1选项

A.AlbertEinstein'slifeandachievements

B.TheSpecialTheoryofRelativity

C.Landmarksinunderstandingtheuniverse

D.HowEinsteinchangedthewaywelookattheuniverse

问题2选项

A.Thenatureofgravity

B.AsolutiontotheMichelson-Morleyexperiment

C.Themotionsofdistantplanets

D.Howlightcouldtravelinavacuum

问题3选项

A.thiswashowEinsteinreachedhisconclusions

B.Einsteinusedthisexampletoexplainhistheorytostudents

C.anytheoryisjustawayoftryingtoexplainsomethingforwhich,thereisnocertainty:soasimpleexampleissufficient

D.thetheoryissocomplexthatamoredetailedexamplewouldnotallowmostpeopletoquicklyunderstandthegeneralidea

问题4选项

A.story

B.example

C.explanation

D.similarity

问题5选项

A.Phenomena(line6)

B.Warp(line16)

C.Gravity(line17)

D.Space(line21)

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.试题解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段提出一些现象可以用牛顿的理论进行解释，然而还是有一些现象没有得到满意的科学解释；第二段引出了爱因斯坦的相对论；第三段举例进行解释。因此B选项“狭义相对论”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的However,certainphenomena,includinghowlightwasabletotravelinavacuumandtheexactnatureofgravitycontinuedtoeludesatisfactoryscientificexplanation.（然而，某些现象，包括光如何能够在真空中传播以及重力的确切本质，仍然没有得到令人满意的科学解释）和第二段中的HisGeneralTheoryofRelativitywasthefirsttodescribethenatureofgravity.（他的广义相对论首先描述了重力的本质）可知牛顿的理论没有解释重力的本质，因此选A。

3.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Gravityisshowntobearesultnotofsomeunforeseen,mysteriousforce,butasafunctionofthecurvatureofspaceitself.Allmatter,fromthetiniestsub-atomicparticle,tothemostmassiveofgalaxies,willinducethiscurvature.（重力被证明不是某种不可预见的神秘力量结果，而是作为空间本身曲度的结果。所有物质，从最小的亚原子粒子，到质量最大的星系，都会产生这种曲度）和第三段中的Thisideaisfrequentlyexplainedbydescribingspaceasarubbersheet,andabodysuchasthesunasabowlingball.If,theballisplacedontherubbersheet,thesheetwillbendundertheweightoftheball,formingagravitywell.（这个想法经常通过把空间描述成橡皮片来解释，像太阳这样的物体就好比一个保龄球。如果把球放在橡胶片上，胶片就会在球的重量下弯曲，从而形成一个重力）可知是用一个简单的来解释这个符合的理论，因此选D。

4.词义题。根据题干信息“analogy”定位至文章最后一段中，由Thus,theorbitsoftheplanetscanbeseentoresultfromthem"rolling"aroundthemouthofthesun'sgravitywell.Ofcourse,thisanalogyisbutashadowofthetruenatureofspace.Inreality,thisgravitywellisafourdimensionalstructure.（因此，行星的轨道可以被看成是由于它们绕着太阳重力井“滚动”而产生的。当然，这种……只是空间真正本质的影子。实际上，该重力井是四维结构）可知行星因重力而围绕太阳旋转，说明“analogy（类比，比喻）”具有相似性，因此选D。

5.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Anyobjectintheuniversewithmassisdescribedascausingawarp,orcurveintotheverystructureofspace-timeitself.（宇宙中任何有质量的物体都被描述为引起了扭曲，或弯曲到时空本身的结构中）可知warp的近义词为curve，因此选B。

7.单选题

Thechairmansaiditgavehimgreat（）towelcomesomanyguests.

问题1选项

A.humor

B.content

C.fun

D.pleasure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。humor“幽默”；content“内容，目录”；fun“乐趣”；pleasure“快乐，令人高兴的事”。句意：主席说欢迎这么多宾客是一件让他很高兴的事情。D项符合句意。

8.单选题

Thegovernment（）toapprovetheuseofwide-spreadsurveillancewhentheJusticeDepartmenttookobjections.

问题1选项

A.isgoing

B.hadbeen

C.wasabout

D.iscoming

【答案】C

【解析】句意:政府即将同意采取广泛监督的手段吋，却遭到了司法部的反对。

语法题。考查时态(一般过去将来时)。由关键词“took”可知句子主调为过去时,因此使用现在吋态的A项和D项排除。句意为“政府即将同意”,因此应用一般过去将来时。故选C。

9.翻译题

中国有关管理部门规定，现役运动员在备战北京奥运会期间，不得参加任何形式的社会活动。

“生活质量”这个词不好下定义。它包含很广的范围，例如生活环境、健康、就业、食品、家庭生活、教育、物质财富、休闲和娱乐，等等。

亚运会，是一个在来自亚洲各地的运动员中举办的多项目体育赛事，每4年一届。该运动会受亚洲奥林匹克理事会(OCA)根据国际奥委会(IOC)的监督。

父母、老师、工作同伴和大众媒体的传播者都能激发我们潜在的兴趣。例如，学校对于做游戏、参加体育活动和文化追求的鼓励的程度和方式很可能对学生休闲态度的形成产生影响。

一场球赛由两个各出五人的球队组成，篮球运动既可在室内也可在室外的长方形场地上进行。运动员可以通过运球在场地上移动，或者是边跑边传球，把球投进橘黄色的篮筐得分。

【答案】Chineseauthoritieshasbanneditsactiveathletesfromtakingpartinanyformofsocialactivitiesintherun-uptoBeijingOlympics.

Theterm“qualityoflife”ishardtodefine.Itcoversaverywiderangesuchaslivingenvironment,health,employment,food,familylife,education,materialwealth,leisureandentertainment,andsoon.

TheAsianGamesisamulti-sporteventwhichholdseveryfouryearsamongathletesfromalloverAsia.ThegamesaresupervisedbytheOlympicCouncilofAsia(OCA)undertheregulationoftheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC).

Parents,teachersinschools,fellowworkersandmassmediacommunicatorsareallcapableofstimulatingourpotentialinterests.Forexample,thedegreetowhichandthewaysinwhichaschoolencouragesparticipationingames,sportsandculturalpursuitsarelikelytohaveanimpactontheshapingofleisureattitudesonthepartofthestudents.

Abasketballgame,whichcanbeholdinanoblongfieldeitherindoororoutdoor,usuallyconsistsoftwoteamsof5playersineach.Whenrunninginthefield,playerscancarryorpasstheball.Whentheballisthrewintotheorangebasket,playerscangetpoints.

10.单选题

Australianresearchershavediscoveredelectroreceptors(sensoryorgansdesignedtorespondtoelectricalfields)clusteredatthetipofthespinyanteater’ssnout.Theresearchersmadethisdiscoverybyexposingsmallareasofthesnouttoextremelyweakelectricalfieldsandrecordingthetransmissionofresultingnervousactivitytothebrain.Whileitistruethattactilereceptors,anotherkindofsensoryorganontheanteater’ssnout,canalsorespondtoelectricalstimuli,suchreceptorsdosoonlyinresponsetoelectricalfieldstrengthsabout1,000timesgreaterthanthoseknowntoexciteelectroreceptors.

Havingdiscoveredtheelectroreceptor,researchersarenowinvestigatinghowanteatersutilizesuchasophisticatedsensorysystem.Inonebehavioralexperiment,researcherssuccessfullytrainedananteatertodistinguishbetweentwotroughsofwater,onewithaweakelectricalfieldandtheotherwithnone.Suchevidenceisconsistentwithresearcher’shypothesisthatanteatersuseelectroreceptortodetectelectricalsignalsgivenoffbyprey;however,researchersasyethavebeenunabletodetectelectricalsignalsemanatingfromtermitemounds,wherethefavoritefoodofanteaterslive.Still,researchershaveobservedanteatersbreakingintoanestofantsatanobliqueangleandquicklylocatingnestingchambers.Thisabilityquicklytolocateunseenpreysuggests,accordingtotheresearchers,thattheanteaterswereusingtheirelectroreceptortolocatethenestingchambers.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicthatdistinguisheselectroreceptorsfromtactilereceptors?

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouttheexperimentdescribedinthefirstparagraph?

3.Theauthorofthepassagemostprobablydiscussesthefunctionoftatilereceptors(lines6—9)inorderto（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredaboutanteatersfromthebehavioralexperimentmentionedinthesecondparagraph?

5.Thepassagesuggeststhattheresearchersmentionedinthesecondparagraphwhoobservedanteatersbreakintoanestof