考研考博-英语-上海农林职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4_第1页
考研考博-英语-上海农林职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4_第2页
考研考博-英语-上海农林职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4_第3页
考研考博-英语-上海农林职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4_第4页
考研考博-英语-上海农林职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩360页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海农林职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Childrenalwaysare()aboutthingstheydonotknow.

问题1选项

A.curious

B.queer

C.strange

D.quaint

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Curious“好奇的”;queer“奇怪的”;strange“奇怪的”;quaint“离奇有趣的”。句意:孩子们往往对他们所不知道的事情感到好奇。选项A符合题意。

2.问答题

Inthesedays,withtherisingcostoflife(A),itis(B)dangerousfor(C)amarriedmantoriskhisplaceinhisprofessionorinhiscommunity(D).

【答案】试题答案:A;costofliving

【解析】考查名词辨析。life意为“生活,生命”,强调生活的状态;living意为“生活,生计,谋生”,强调生计,costofliving意为“生活成本”。

3.单选题

Criticismandself-criticismisnecessary(

)ithelpsustofindandcorrectourmistakes.

问题1选项

A.bythat

B.atthat

C.onthat

D.inthat

【答案】D

【解析】句意:批评和自我批评是必要的,因为它有助于我们发现和改正错误。inthat为固定搭配,意为"由于,因为",在这里引导原因状语从句。所以本题选D。

4.单选题

Onehundredyearsago,“Colored”wasthetypicalwayofreferringtoAmericansofAfricandescent.Twentyyearslater,itwaspurposefullydroppedtomakewayfor“Negro.”Bythelate1960s,thattermwasovertakenby“Black.”Andthen,atapressconferenceinChicagoin1988,JesseJacksondeclaredthat“AfricanAmerican”wasthetermtoembrace.Thisonewaschosenbecauseitechoedthelabelsofgroups,suchas“ItalianAmericans”and“IrishAmericans,”thathadalreadybeenfreedofwidespreaddiscrimination.

Acentury’sworthofcalculatednamechangespointtothefactthatnaminganygroupisapoliticallyfreightedexercise.A2001studycatalogedallthewaysinwhichtheterm“Black”carriedconnotations(涵义)thatweremorenegativethanthoseof“AfricanAmerican.”

Butifitwasknownthat“Black”peoplewerevieweddifferentlyfrom“AfricanAmericans,”researchers,untilnow,hadn’tidentifiedwhatthatgapinperceptionwasderivedfrom.Arecentstudy,conductedbyEmoryUniversity’sErikaHall,foundthat“Black”peopleareviewedmorenegativelythan“AfricanAmericans”becauseofaperceiveddifferenceinsocioeconomicstatus.Asaresult,“Black”peoplearethoughtofaslesscompetentandashavingcolderpersonalities.

Thestudy’smoststrikingfindingsshedlightontheracialbiasespermeatingtheprofessionalworld.Evenseeminglyharmlessdetailsonaresume,itappears,cantapintorecruiters'biases.Ajobapplicationmightmentionaffiliationswithgroupssuchasthe“WisconsinAssociationofAfrican-AmericanLawyers”orthe“NationalBlackEmployeesAssociation,”thenamesofwhichapparentlyhaveconsequences,andarealsobeyondtheirmembers,control.

Inoneofthestudy’sexperiments,subjectsweregivenabriefdescriptionofamanfromChicagowiththelastnameWilliams.Toonegroup,hewasidentifiedas“African-American,”andanotherwastoldhewas“Black”Withlittleelsetogoon,theywereaskedtoestimateMr.Williams’salary,professionalstanding,andeducationalbackground.

The“African-American”groupestimatedthatheearnedabout$37,000ayearandbadatwo-yearcollegedegree.The“Black”group,ontheotherhand,puthissalaryatabout$29.000,andguessedthathehadonly“some”collegeexperience.Nearlythree-quartersofthefirstgroupguessedthatMr.Williamsworkedatamanageriallevel,whileonly38.5percentofthesecondgroupthoughtso.

Hall’sfindingssuggestthere’sanargumenttobemadeforelectingtouse“AfricanAmerican,”thoughonecan’thelpbutgetthesensethatit’sadecisionthatpapersovertheurgencyofcontinuedprogress.Perhapsanewphraseisneeded,onethatcanbringeveryoneonebigstepclosertorealizingDuBois’original,idealistichope:“It’snotthename—it’sthethingthatcounts.”

11.WhydidJesseJacksonembracetheterm“AfricanAmerican”forpeopleofAfricandescent?

12.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenamingofanethnicgroup?

13.WhatdoErikaHall’sfindingsindicate?

14.WhatdoesErikaHallfindinherexperimentaboutamanwiththelastnameWilliams?

15.WhatisDr.DuBois’sideal?

问题1选项

A.Itisfreefromracialbiases.

B.Itrepresentssocialprogress.

C.ItisintheinterestofcommonAmericans.

D.Itfollowsthestandardnamingpractice.

问题2选项

A.Itadvanceswiththetimes.

B.Itisbasedonracialroots.

C.Itmeritsintensivestudy.

D.Itispoliticallysensitive.

问题3选项

A.Racialbiasesarewidespreadintheprofessionalworld,

B.Manyapplicantsdon’tattendtodetailsontheirresumes.

C.Jobseekersshouldallbecarefulabouttheiraffiliations.

D.Mostrecruitersareunabletocontroltheirracialbiases.

问题4选项

A.AfricanAmericansfarebetterthanmanyotherethnicgroups.

B.Blackpeople’ssocioeconomicstatusinAmericaremainslow.

C.People’sconceptionofapersonhasmuchtodowiththewayheorsheislabeled.

D.One’sprofessionalstandingandincomearerelatedtotheireducationalbackground.

问题5选项

A.AllAmericansenjoyequalrights.

B.Apersonisjudgedbytheirworth.

C.AnewtermiscreatedtoaddressAfricanAmericans.

D.Allethnicgroupssharethenation’scontinuedprogress.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】11.事实细节题。第一步,精准定位,定位到文章第一段倒数第一二句话JesseJacksondeclaredthat“AfricanAmerican”wasthetermtoembrace.Thisonewaschosenbecauseitechoedthelabelsofgroups,suchas“ItalianAmericans”and“IrishAmericans,”thathadalreadybeenfreedofwidespreaddiscrimination.“杰西•杰克逊(JesseJackson)宣称,“非裔美国人”是一个值得拥抱的词。之所以选择这个词,是因为它呼应了一些群体的标签,比如“意大利裔美国人”和“爱尔兰裔美国人”,这些群体已经摆脱了广泛的歧视。”,从这里可以看出答案选A“它没有种族偏见”;

B选项“它代表社会进步”,定位到第二段第一句话Acentury’sworthofcalculatednamechangespointtothefactthatnaminganygroupisapoliticallyfreightedexercise.“一个世纪以来精心设计的名字变化表明,为任何组织命名都是一项充满政治意味的活动”,名称并没有展现社会进步而是具有政治意味,所以B选项不选,属于反向干扰;

C选项“这符合普通美国人的利益”,文章没有提及属于无中生有;

D选项“它遵循标准的命名惯例”,文章没有提及属于无中生有。

12.事实细节题。第一步,精准定位,定位到第二段第一句话Acentury’sworthofcalculatednamechangespointtothefactthatnaminganygroupisapoliticallyfreightedexercise.“一个世纪以来精心设计的名字变化表明,为任何组织命名都是一项充满政治意味的活动”从这里可以知道答案选D选项“政治敏感”;

A选项“它是与时俱进的”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有;

B选项“它基于种族根源”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有;

C选项“它值得深入研究”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。

13.事实细节题,第一步,精准定位,根据关键人名ErikaHall定位到第四段第一句话Thestudy’smoststrikingfindingsshedlightontheracialbiasespermeatingtheprofessionalworld.“这项研究最引人注目的发现揭示了职场中普遍存在的种族偏见。”,由此可知答案选A选项“在职业领域,种族偏见很普遍”;

B选项“许多求职者不注意简历上的细节”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有;

C选项“求职者都应该小心他们的关系”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有;

D选项“大多数招聘人员无法控制他们的种族偏见”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。

14.判断推理题,第一步,寻找上下文线索,根据实验内容,同样是威廉,一组被暗示是非裔美国人,一组直接被告知是黑人,实验结果显示两组对同一个人的猜测则完全不同的,所以C选项“人们对一个人的看法与他或她被贴上的标签有很大关系”符合题意;

A选项“非裔美国人比许多其他种族的人过得更好”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有所以不选;

B选项“黑人在美国的社会经济地位仍然很低”,见正确选项,两个对照组预测对象不是不同种族的威廉而是不同标签的黑人威廉,属于偷换概念,所以不选;

D选项“一个人的职业地位和收入与他们的教育背景有关”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有所以不选。

15.判断推理题。寻找句内线索,定位到最后一段最后一句It'snotthename—it'sthethingthatcounts“重要的不是名字,而是所做的事情”,从这里可知杜波依斯的想法是用一个人所做的事情来评判一个人,而不是用他的名字,所以答案选B选项“一个人是由他的价值来判断的”;

A选项“所有美国人都享有平等的权利”,文章探讨了非洲血统的美国人被称为“黑人”和“非裔美国人”时人们的不同态度,没有涉及种族压迫或者歧视,这里属于推理过度;

C选项“一个新的术语被创造来称呼非裔美国人”,从这里可知怎么称呼黑人没有那么重要,这里属于反向干扰;

D选项“各民族共同进步”,文章探讨了非洲血统的美国人被称为"黑人"和"非裔美国人"时人们的不同态度,没有提到其他民族,这里属于无中生有。

5.单选题

Morethanadecadeago,cognitivescientistsJohnBransfordandDanielSchwartz,boththenatVanderbiltUniversity,foundthatwhatdistinguishedyoungadultsfromchildrenwasnottheabilitytoretainfactsorapplypriorknowledgetoanewsituationbutaqualitytheycalledpreparationforfuturelearning.Theresearchersaskedfifthgradersandcollegestudentstocreatearecoveryplantoprotectbaldeaglesfromextinction.Shockingly,thetwogroupscameupwithplansofsimilarquality(althoughthecollegestudentshadbetterspellingskills).Fromthestandpointofatraditionaleducator,thisoutcomeindicatedthatschoolinghadfailedtohelpstudentsthinkaboutecosystemandextinction,majorscientificideas.

Theresearchersdecidedtogodeeper,however.Theyaskedbothgroupstogeneratequestionsaboutimportantissuesneededtocreaterecoveryplans.Onthistask,theyfoundeaglesandtheirhabitats.Fifthgraderstendedtofocusonfeaturesofindividualeagles(“Howbigarethey?''and'"Whatdotheyeat?’’).Thecollegestudentshadcultivatedtheabilitytoaskquestions,thecornerstoneofcriticalthinking.Theyhadlearnedhowtolearn.

Museumsandotherinstitutionsofinformallearningmaybebettersuitedtoteachthisskillthanelementaryandsecondaryschools.AttheExploratoriuminSanFrancisco,werecentlystudiedlearningtoaskgoodquestionscanaffectthequalityofpeople’sscientificinquiry.Wefoundthatwetaughtparticipantstoask“Whatif?”and“Howcan?’’questionsthatnobodypresentwouldknowtheanswertoandthatwouldsparkexploration,theyengagedinbetterinquiryatthenextexhibit—askingmorequestions,performingmoreexperimentsandmakingbetterinterpretationsoftheirresults.Specifically,theirquestionsbecamemorecomprehensiveatthenewexhibit.Ratherthanmerelyaskingaboutsomethingtheywantedtotry,theytendedtoincludebothcauseandeffectintheirquestion.Askingjuicyquestionsappearstobeatransferableskillfordeepeningcollaborativeinquiryintothesciencecontentfoundinexhibits.

Thistypeoflearningisnotconfinedtomuseumsorinstitutionalsettings.Informallearningenvironmentstoleratefailurebetterthanschools.Perhapsmanyteachershavetoolittletimetoallowstudentstoformandpursuetheirownquestionsandtoomuchgroundtocoverinthecurriculum.Butpeoplemustacquirethisskillsomewhere.Oursocietydependsonthembeingabletomakecriticaldecisionsabouttheirownmedicaltreatment,say,orwhatwemustdoaboutglobalenergyneedsanddemands.Forthat,wehavearobustinformallearningsystemthatgivesnogrades,takesallcomers,andisavailableevenonholidaysandweekends.

1.Whatistraditionaleducators’interpretationoftheresearchoutcomementionedinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inwhatwayarecollegestudentsdifferentfromchildren?

3.Whatisthebenefitofaskingquestionswithnoreadyanswers?

4.Whatissaidtobetheadvantageofinformallearning?

5.Whatdoestheauthorseemtoencourageeducatorstodoattheendofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Studentsarenotabletoapplypriorknowledgetonewproblems

B.Collegestudentsarenobetterthanfifthgradersinmemorizingfacts.

C.Educationhasnotpaidenoughattentiontomajorenvironmentissues

D.Educationhasfailedtoleadstudentstothinkaboutmajorscientificideas

问题2选项

A.Theyhavelearnedtothinkcritically.

B.Theyareconcernedaboutsocialissues.

C.Theyarecuriousaboutspecificfeatures

D.Theyhavelearnedtoworkindependently

问题3选项

A.Itarousesstudents'interestinthingsaroundthem

B.Itcultivatesstudents'abilitytomakescientificinquiries

C.Ittrainsstudents'abilitytodesignscientificexperiments

D.Ithelpsstudentsrealizenoteveryquestionhasananswer

问题4选项

A.Itallowsforfailures

B.Itchargesnotuition

C.Itisentertaining

D.Itmeetspracticalneeds

问题5选项

A.Trainstudentstothinkaboutglobalissues

B.Designmoreinteractiveclassroomactivities

C.Makefulluseofinformallearningresources

D.Includecollaborativeinquiryinthecurriculum.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“traditionaleducator”定位到第一段最后一句“Fromthestandpointofatraditionaleducator,thisoutcomeindicatedthatschoolinghadfailedtohelpstudentsthinkaboutecosystemandextinction,majorscientificideas.”从传统教育家的立场来看,这一结果表明,学校教育未能帮助学生思考生态系统和灭绝,这是主要的科学思想。也就是说,教育未能引导学生思考主要的科学思想。选项D符合原文。

2.判断推理题。根据第一段第一句“JohnBransford和DanielSchwartz发现,区分年轻人和儿童的不在于他们是否能够记住事实或将之前的知识应用到新环境中,而在于他们称之为为未来学习做准备的素质。”再根据第二段最后一句“Thecollegestudentshadcultivatedtheabilitytoaskquestions,thecornerstoneofcriticalthinking.Theyhadlearnedhowtolearn.大学生培养了问问题的能力,这是批判性思维的基石。他们学会了如何学习。”选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段第三句“toask“Whatif?”and“Howcan?”questionsthatnobodypresentwouldknowtheanswertoandthatwouldsparkexploration.问“如果……会怎样?”和“怎么可能?”等一些没有人知道答案的问题,将会引发探索。”所以选项B“培养学生科学探究的能力”符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“Informallearningenvironmentstoleratefailurebetterthanschools.”非正式的学习环境比学校更能容忍失败。选项A符合原文。

5.判断推理题。根据最后一段最后两句“我们的社会依赖于他们能够对自己的医疗做出关键性的决定,或者说我们必须为全球能源需求做些什么。为此,我们有一个强大的非正式学习系统,不打分,适用于所有人群,甚至在节假日和周末也可以使用。”也就是说,作者建议教育者们充分利用非正式学习系统的资源。选项C符合原文。

6.单选题

Excellentfilmsarethosewhich()_nationalandculturalbarriers.

问题1选项

A.transcend

B.traverse

C.abolish

D.suppress

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。transcend“胜过,超越”;traverse“穿过,来回移动,反驳”;abolish“废除,废止”;suppress“抑制,镇压”。句意:优秀的电影是那些超越国家和文化障碍的电影。选项A符合题意。

7.翻译题

但是,对于所有的正在进行的激动人心的工作而言,科学远没有达到一个能塑造完美的人或者甚至一个完美的番茄的美好新世界的境地。在基因治疗普及之前,仍然需要做大量研究。如果许多疾病真的可以治疗的话,那将花上数十年的时间。

就短期而言,基因筛选将是运用新技术的最可行的办法。医生们能在治疗各种DNA缺陷之前检测到它们。在某些情况下,这些信息可以延缓疾病的发作或是减轻它的病症。例如,一个有着遗传性易患心脏病体质的人可以进行低脂肪的饮食。如果科学家由于制造一种重要蛋白质的基因存在缺陷从而导致这种蛋白质失去的话,也许科学家就可以给这位病人提供人工蛋白质。然而,在其他的情况下,对于阻止由于基因突变而导致的不幸几乎无能为力。

【答案】Forallthefeveredworkbeingdone,however,scienceisstillfarawayfromtheBraveNewWorldvisionofengineeringaperfecthumanorevenaperfecttomato.Muchmoreresearchisneededbeforegenetherapybecomescommonplace,andmanydiseaseswilltakedecadestoconquer,iftheycanbeconqueredatall.

Intheshortrun,themostpracticalwaytousethenewtechnologywillbeingeneticscreening.DoctorswillbeabletodetectallsortsofflawsinDNAlongbeforetheycanbefixed.Insomecasestheknowledgemayleadtotreatmentsthatdelaytheonsetofthediseaseorsoftenitseffects.Someonewithageneticpredispositiontoheartdisease,forexample,couldfollowalow-fatdiet.Andifscientistsdeterminethatavitalproteinismissingbecausethegenethatwassupposedtomakeitisdefective,theymightbeabletogivethepatientanartificialversionoftheprotein.Butinotherinstances,almostnothingcanbedonetostoptheravagesbroughtonbygeneticmutations.

8.单选题

Robertsaysheboughtthesebooksina.

问题1选项

A.disposal

B.bargain

C.reduction

D.sale

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项disposaln.处理,支配;B选项bargainn.交易,便宜货,契约;C选项reductionn.减少,下降;D选项salen.销售,出售,拍卖,廉价出售。根据句意可知,Robert说这些书都是打折时候买的。因此,D项是正确答案。

9.单选题

Opponentsofaffirmativeactionsaythebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsishardlyover,despitetheSupremeCourt’srulingMondayupholdingthegoalofadiversestudentbody.Highereducationleadersoverwhelminglyhailedthedecision,sayingitreaffirmedpoliciesusedbymostselectivecollegesanduniversities.Butsomecriticsraisedthepossibilityofmorelawsuits,andpromisedtocontinuepressuringtheDepartmentofEducation’sOfficeofCivilRightstoinvestigatequestionablepolicies.“We’retalkingaboutadmissionsprograms,scholarships,anyprogram...onlyforminoritiesorinwhichthestandardsusedtojudgeadmissionsaresubstantiallydifferent.”saysLindaChavez,founderandpresidentoftheCenterforEqualOpportunity,aconservativenon-profitgroup.

Otherssaythey’lltaketheircasetovoters.“Wehavetoseriouslycontestallthisattheballotbox”saysUniversityofCaliforniaregentWardConnerly,whohelpedwinvoterapprovalofCalifornia’sProposition209,whichprohibitsconsideringraceorgenderinpubliceducation,hiringandcontracting.Becauseofthatlaw,Monday’srulinghadnopracticalimpactinthestate.“Itmaybetimeforusto...letthe(Michigan)votersdecideiftheywanttouseraceasafactorinadmissions,”ConnerlysaidMonday.

Meanwhile,USEducationSecretaryRodPaige,consistentwithPresidentBush’sstanceopposingaffirmativeaction,saidtheDepartmentofEducationwill“continueexaminingandhighlightingeffectiverace-neutralapproachestoensurebroadaccesstoanddiversitywithinourpublicinstitutions”.EvenSupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO-Connor,inoneoftheopinions,recommendedthatstateslookforlessonsinrace-neutralprogramsbeingtriedinCaliforniaandelsewhere.Whiletherulingsaidadmissionsofficialsmayconsiderraceintheselectionprocess,collegesanduniversitiesarenotobligatedtodoso.“Ultimatelyinthedebate,diversityisachoice,notalegalmandate,”saysArthurColeman,aformerDepartmentofEducationofficialwhonowhelpscollegesanduniversitiesEnsureconstitutionalpolicies.

Thepublic,too,remainsconflicted,largelyalongraciallines.AccordingtoaJanuarypollbythenon-profitresearchorganizationPublicAgenda,79%ofAmericanssaiditisimportantforcollegestohavearaciallydiversestudentbody,whilejust54%saidaffirmativeactionprogramsshouldcontinue.InaGalluppollconducteddaysbeforetheruling,49%ofadultssaidtheyfavoraffirmativeactionand43%didnot,withblacksandHispanicsfarmorelikelytofavorthepracticethanwhites.AndsomeeducatorsdoubtthatwithMonday’sruling,thoseopposingaffirmativeactionwillchangetheirminds.

Fornow,admissionsofficialsanduniversitylawyersareporingovertherulingtodeterminehowor—whethertoadjustpolicies.Whilemosttendtobeclosedmouthedaboutadmissionspolicies,manytheydon’texpectsignificantchanges.

1.Whichofthefollowingintheopinionoftheopponentsofaffirmativeaction?

2.ConneryinsistedthattheCourt'srulingshould(

).

3.WhatistheattitudeoftheDepartmentofEducationtowardsaffirmativeaction?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutaffirmativeactionaccordingtothetext?

问题1选项

A.Thebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsisnotover.

B.TheSupremeCourt’srulingshouldbeadaptedtocollegesituations.

C.Itisnecessarytoformulatetherightpoliciesforcollegeadmissions.

D.Race-neutralprogramsshouldnotbesetupincollegeanduniversities.

问题2选项

A.winapprovalfromCaliforniavotersbeforeitisputineffect

B.becontestedbytheMichiganvoterswithanopinionpoll

C.beappliedinsomestatesbeforeitisextendedtootherstates

D.producetheintendedpracticalaffectbeforeitiswidelyaccepted

问题3选项

A.Neutrality.

B.Objection.

C.Approval.

D.Indifference.

问题4选项

A.Avastmajorityofpeoplesupportit.

B.Theminoritiesclaimittobeadiscriminatorypolicy.

C.Theminoritystudentsaremorelikelytowelcomeit.

D.TheCourt'sdecisionwillcertainlychangepeople'sattitudetoit.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Opponentsofaffirmativeactionsaythebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsishardlyover(反对反歧视的人说,在大学招生中使用种族的斗争几乎没有结束)可知A选项“在大学招生中使用种族的斗争还没有结束”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Wehavetoseriouslycontestallthisattheballotbox(我们必须在投票箱里认真地竞争这一切)可知Connerly认为法院的裁决应由民意调查投票决定,因此选B。

3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的USEducationSecretaryRodPaige,consistentwithPresidentBush’sstanceopposingaffirmativeaction(美国教育部长RodPaige与布什总统的立场一致,反对反歧视运动)可知美国教育部对反歧视行动持反对态度,因此选B。

4.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的InaGalluppollconducteddaysbeforetheruling,49%ofadultssaidtheyfavoraffirmativeactionand43%didnot,withblacksandHispanicsfarmorelikelytofavorthepracticethanwhites.(在判决前几天进行的民意调查中,49%的成年人表示他们支持反歧视行动,43%的人表示反对,而黑人和西班牙裔比白人赞成的人数要多得多)可推测少数民族更支持这项行动,因此选C。

10.单选题

Wetriedtonegotiatebuttheywereadamant.

问题1选项

A.disagreeable

B.confident

C.hostile

D.unyielding

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.disagreeable不愉快的,厌恶的,脾气坏的B.confident自信的,确定的

C.hostile敌对的,敌意的D.unyielding不屈的,坚强的,坚定的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】由but可知,前后句意为转折,前面提到“我们试图谈判”,所以推断adamant表示“态度坚决”。因此,D选项词义与划线部分单词含义最为接近,故本题正确答案为D选项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项与划线单词的意思不符合。

【句意】我们试图谈判,但他们态度坚决。

11.单选题

Natural’senergyefficiencyoften(

)humantechnology:despitetheintensityofthelightfirefliesproduce,theamountofheatisnegligible;onlyrecentlyhavehumansdevelopedchemicallight-producingsystemswhoseefficiency(

)thefirefly’ssystem.

问题1选项

A.engenders;manipulates

B.reflects;simulates

C.outstrips;rivals

D.inhibits;matches

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析。首先看第一个空,engender“产生,引起(某种感觉或情况)”;reflect“反映,反射(声、光、热等)”;outstrip“超过,胜过”;inhibit“禁止,抑制”,根据句意第一个空应该填“outstrip”;再看第二个空,manipulate“(暗中)控制,(熟练地)操作”;reflect“表明,显示”;rival“堪比某人/某物竞争,比得上某人/某物”;match“相配,与……不相上下”;根据句意‘自然界的能量效率常常超过人类的技术:尽管莹火虫所发出的光亮极为强烈,但其热量却微乎其微。人类也是在近期才研制出能量效率能与萤火虫的发光体系相媲美的化学发光系统。’最适合填入第二个空的是“rival”,C选项正确。

12.单选题

WhileherfriendswerebusytryingtolandonajobinWallStreet,shedecidedtostayinherhumblelittletownand()ingrowingorganiccorn.

问题1选项

A.specialize

B.expertise

C.commercialize

D.privatize

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项specialize“专门研究;专攻”;B选项expertise“专门知识;专门技能”;C选项commercialize“使商业化;使商品化”;D选项privatize“使私有化;使归私有”。句意:尽管她的朋友都忙于在华尔街找份工作,她却决定待在她的小镇上……种植有机玉米。根据句意可以知道她和她的朋友不一样,决定了就在小镇上专门从事有机玉米的种植。因此A选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Youwillgettothechurchmorequicklyifyoutakethis(

)acrossthefields.

问题1选项

A.track

B.passage

C.hedge

D.journey

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。track意为“小路,小道”;passage意为“通道,走廊,段落”;hedge意为“树篱,障碍”;journey意为“旅行,行程”。

句意:如果你走小路穿过这片区域,能更快到教堂。

14.单选题

Calculationswhichareastronomicallyexacthavebeenmade______withtheuseofcomputers.

问题1选项

A.possible

B.itpossible

C.possibly

D.tobepossible

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查句子成分。句意:计算机的使用使天文学上精确的计算成为可能。句子主干是Calculationshavebeenmade______,根据短语makesth.+adj.还原短语为madecalculations+adj.,确定横线处填形容词作calculations的宾补,A选项possible符合题意。B选项itpossible中it多余,C选项possibly是副词,D选项tobepossible是不定式。因此A选项正确。

15.单选题

I’mmuchobligedtoyourkindness.

问题1选项

A.delightful

B.vital

C.grateful

D.respectful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项delightful“可爱的,讨人喜欢的”;B选项vital“至关重要的,生死攸关的”;C选项grateful“感谢的,令人愉快的”;D选项respectful“恭敬的,有礼貌的”。句意:我非常感谢你的好意。句中的obligedto是“感激”的意思,因此C选项符合题意。

16.翻译题

Muchofthediscussionofenvironmentalproblemsinthepopularpressleavesthereaderwiththeimpressionthatmattershavebeengrowingsteadilyworse,andthatpollutionislargelyaproductoftheprofitsystemandmodernindustrialization.Thereareenvironmentalproblemstodaythatarebothenormousandpressing,butinfactpollutionisnothingnew.Medievalcitieswerepestholes—thestreetsandriverswerelitteredwithgarbageandtheairstankofrottingwastes.Atthebeginningoftheeighteenthcentury,aGermantravelerreportedthattogetaviewofLondonfromthetowerofSt.Paul’sCathedral,onehadtogetthereveryearlyinthemorningbeforetheairwasfullofcoalsmoke.Thepotentialdamagethatweareinflictingonourselvesandonoursurroundingsisveryrealandsubstantial.

【答案】大众报纸上关于环境问题的许多讨论给读者留下这样的印象:情况一直在不断恶化,污染很大程度上是利润制度和现代工业化的产物。今天的环境问题是巨大的和紧迫的,但事实上污染不是什么新鲜事。中世纪的城市就像瘟疫区——街道和河流上到处都是垃圾,空气中弥漫着腐烂废物的臭味。18世纪初,一位德国旅行者报告说,要想从圣保罗大教堂的塔上一览伦敦的风光,必须一大早赶到那里,赶在空气中弥漫着煤烟之前。我们对自己和周围环境造成的潜在伤害是非常真实和实质性的。

17.单选题

TheNationalParkSystem______areasofnaturalbeautyforpreservationandpublicemployment.

问题1选项

A.setsaside

B.savesup

C.arrangesfor

D.reservesfor

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项setaside“挑出,留出”,B项saveup“储蓄,贮存”,C项arrangefor“安排,为……做准备”,D项reservefor“为……而保留”。由areasofnaturalbeauty(自然风景区)可知,空格处填入“划出、留出”符合,A项正确。句意:国家公园系统为自然保护和公共就业划出了自然风景区。因此,该题选择A项。

18.单选题

Theannouncementwill______therumorsofatakeoverthathaveplaguedthecompanyforthepast18months.

问题1选项

A.append

B.scotch

C.exhort

D.exhale

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.append附加,贴上;盖章B.scotch阻止,平息;终止

C.exhort忠告;劝诫D.exhale呼气;发出,发散

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据空格后的句子意思“过去18个月来困扰该公司的收购传言”,由情态动词will可知,Theannouncementwill______表示的是“这一声明将消除”,B项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】这一声明将消除过去18个月来困扰该公司的收购传言。

19.单选题

Youmustfacethefactthatinyourinmostheartyouhatethethoughtofmoving.Itiseasiestnottoleavetheroomswhereyourchildrenpassedthroughtheirwonderfulchildhoodandannoyingteenstoafriendlybutslightlydistantcommunitysuddenly.

Until,suddenlyoneday,thedistanceisabsoluteandtheyaregrownupandgone.Thenyoufindyourselflivingintoolargeahouse,whichconsumesinitsmaintenancetoomuchenergyandmoney.Whenwefoundourselvesinthissituationafewyearsago,wedeterminedtomovewhilewestillhadthestrengthandbeforetheemotionaltentacles(触角)thattheoldhousehadwrappedaroundusbecametoopowerfultobebroken.Movewhileyoucan!Butbesureyoureallywantto,anddonotmovetoooften.Itisanexhaustingprocess.

Yourfirsttaskistofindahousethatwillsuityou.Itmustbesmaller,quieter,easiertorun,andmoreconvenientlyplacedfortransport.Notsosmall,though,thatitwillnotelegantlyaccommodateyourlargestpiecesoffurniture,andlocatednottoofarfromtheneighborhoodwheresomanyfriendshipshavebeenbuiltup.

Atlastwefoundone:alateVictoriancottage,inastreetwherethehouses,allsmall,rangefromlate18thtomid20thcentury.Itwasnearenoughtowherewewantedtolive.Ithadnobasement,whichwasagreatconvenienceforaginglegs.Therewereonlytwofloorsabovegroundlevel:oneforourselvesandonewherefriends,children,andgrandchildrencouldspreadthemselveswhentheycametostay.Eachfloorhadtworooms.Therewasakitchenonthegroundfloor,withthebathroomaboveit.

1.Thepassageconcernsbuying().

2.Thepassageimpliesthatgrown-upchildrenare().

3.Theauthordecidedtomove().

4.Theauthoradvisespeopleinhisownsituation().

5.Accordingtothepassage,theirnewhousehad().

问题1选项

A.ahouseforanewlymarriedcouple

B.alargehouseforagrowingfamily

C.abetterhousewhenpeoplehavemoremoneytoinvest

D.asmallerhouseforolderpeoplewhosechildrenhavelefthome

问题2选项

A.morefriendlytotheirparentswhentheyaregrownup

B.distantfromtheirparents

C.friendlybutnotveryclose

D.annoying

问题3选项

A.whentheirhousegavethemtoomuchworkandcosttoomuchtorun

B.whentheygrewtiredoftheirhouse

C.whentheysuddenlygotthestrengthtodoso

D.beforethehousecollapsed

问题4选项

A.tomoveintoaverysmallhouse

B.tomovesomewherewherethelargestpossiblepiecesoffurniturewillfit

C.nottomovetoofarfromthemainroad

D.tochoosesomewherenotsonoisy

问题5选项

A.twofloors

B.threefloors

C.fourfloors

D.twobathrooms

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干问:这篇文章提到买()。D选项“为一个孩子离家的老人买一栋小房子”,定位到倒数第二段,第二句Itmustbesmaller,quieter,easiertorun,andmoreconvenientlyplacedfortransport.(它必须更小,更安静,更容易运行,更方便运输。)我们可以看出来这个房子应该是很小的,并且是给老人住的,因此答案是D。A选项“为一对新人买房子”,B选项“为一个不断壮大的家庭买一个大房子”,C选项“当人们有更多资金时买一栋更好的房子”。

2.判断推理题。题干问:文章暗示长大的孩子会()。C选项“更加友好但是不那么亲近”,答案定位到第一段whereyourchildrenpassedthroughtheirwonderfulchildhoodandannoyingteenstoafriendlybutslightlydistantcommunitysuddenly.(在这里,你的孩子在一个友好但有点疏远的社区里度过了美好的童年和令人讨厌的少年。)我们可以得出,孩子长大后变得更友好,但是也和父母有了距离,因此答案为C。A选项“在他们长大之后对他们的父母更好”,B选项“和父母会产生距离”,D选项“烦人的”。

3.事实细节题。题干问:作者决定搬家()。A选项“当他们的房子带给他们太多的家务并且需要花费很多去打理”,根据题干我们定位到第二段ahouse,whichconsumesinitsmaintenancetoomuchenergyandmoney.(它消耗了太多的精力和金钱来维护。)因此答案为A。B选项“当他们厌倦了他们现在的房子”,C选项“当他们突然有能力去搬家了”,D选项“在房子倒塌之前”。

4.事实细节题。题干问:作者建议处于像他这种情况的人()。B选项“搬到能装下最大家具的地方”,定位到第三段Notsosmall,though,thatitwillnotelegantlyacc

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论