考研考博-英语-四川科技职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川科技职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thedetectiveandhisassistanthavebegunto______themysteriousmurder.

问题1选项

A.comethrough

B.lookinto

C.makeover

D.seeto

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项comethrough“经历；安然度过；获得成功”；B选项lookinto“调查；观察；窥视；浏览；看”；C选项makeover“转让；移交；修改”；D选项seeto“注意；负责；照料”。句意：侦探和他的助手已经开始调查那宗神秘的谋杀案。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Thescientistsbecameveryexcitedastheyfelttheywereonthe（）ofadiscovery.

问题1选项

A.crest

B.borderline

C.brink

D.bluff

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。onthebrinkof“在……的边缘”，句意：当感觉自己处于一个发现的边缘时，科学家们变得非常兴奋。故C选项正确。

3.单选题

A21-year-oldrecentconverttoIslamtriedtoblowupamilitaryrecruitingstationinaBaltimoresuburbonWednesday,ensnaringhimselfinastingoperationorchestratedbytheFederalBureauofInvestigation.

问题1选项

A.gambling

B.entrapping

C.enjoying

D.blaming

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项gambling“赌博；打赌”；B选项entrapping“使落入陷阱；使陷入困境；诱骗”；C选项enjoying“喜爱；饱览；享受；欣赏”；D选项blaming“归咎；责备；谴责”。句意：周三，一名新近皈依伊斯兰教的21岁男子试图炸毁巴尔的摩市郊区的一个征兵站，结果自己落入了美国联邦调查局（FBI）精心策划的圈套。ensnare“诱捕；诱入陷阱；进入罗网”，B选项与该词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersofgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreement:thatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievements,suchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（

）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（

）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（

）.

问题1选项

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

问题2选项

A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

问题3选项

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

问题4选项

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

问题5选项

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段第三句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.人们可能没办法生存：既不知道何为欢喜和快乐，也不知道何为焦虑和恐惧，他们可能重复做出伤害性的行为，就像重复有益的行为一样。”由此可知如果人们生存在一个没有情感的世界里，因为对于自身行为的性质没办法区别，所以会导致自己很难生存。故正确答案选B。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段第四句“Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.他们不会学习：他们不能从经验中受益，因为这个无情感的世界缺乏奖励和惩罚”，由此可知，没有情感的世界，对于人们的学习活动不存在激励，没有奖励和惩罚的机制。反之，人们能够进行学习活动主要也是因为奖励和惩罚机制的存在。故正确答案选C。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段结尾“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork…Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.社会经济的基础将被摧毁，既然挣100万美元不会比挣10美元更让人愉快，工作就会失去动力……正如我们看到的，激励意味着享受它们的能力。”根据题干中关键词foundation可以对应定位到上文“underpinnings基础，支柱”，由此可知社会经济的基础是建立在人们享受激励的能力上的。故正确答案选C。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第二段第一句提到了“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.在这样一个世界里，人类生存下来的可能性几乎为零，因为情感是我们生存和适应的基本工具。情绪以重要的方式为我们构建世界。”然后就举例具体阐述了情绪是如何具体影响我们的生存和适应身边事物的。其中第六句“Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreement…从我们对事物和事件的情感体验中，产生一种社会共识”，这也就解释了本段第一句中所强调的情感对于生存和发展的重要性，所以正确答案选B。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段“Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.诚然，我们会考虑物体的长度、形状、大小或质地，但是，比起它对我们所做的，能做的事情，给我们带来的伤害，惊讶，愤怒或者欢乐，事物的物质方面没有那么重要。”本句话提到事物的情感方面比物质方面重要的具体表现。结合上下文，我们使用情感来分类事物，也就是通过情感，我们适应周围的世界。由此推断，选项D为符合题意的最佳答案。

5.单选题

MakingEveryDropCount

AThehistoryofhumancivilizationisentwinedwiththehistoryofthewayswehavelearnedtomanipulatewaterresources.Astownsgraduallyexpanded,waterwasbroughtfromincreasinglyremotesources,leadingtosophisticatedengineeringeffortssuchasdamsandaqueducts.AttheheightoftheRomanEmpire,ninemajorsystems,withaninnovativelayoutofpipesandwell-builtsewers,suppliedtheoccupantsofRomewithasmuchwaterperpersonasisprovidedinmanypartsoftheindustrialworldtoday.

BDuringtheindustrialrevolutionandpopulationexplosionofthe19thand20thcenturies,thedemandforwaterrosedramatically.Unprecedentedconstructionoftensofthousandsofmonumentalengineeringprojectsdesignedtocontrolfloods,protectcleanwatersupplies,andprovidewaterforirrigationandhydropowerbroughtgreatbenefitstohundredsofmillionsofpeople.Foodproductionhaskeptpacewithsoaringpopulationsmainlybecauseoftheexpansionofartificialirrigationsystemsthatmakepossiblethegrowthof40%oftheworld’sfood.Nearlyonefifthofalltheelectricitygeneratedworldwideisproducedbyturbinesspunbythepoweroffallingwater.

CYetthereisadarksidetothispicture,despiteourprogress,halfoftheworld’spopulationsstillsuffers,withwaterservicesinferiortothoseavailabletotheancientGreeksandRomans.AstheUnitedNationsreportonaccesstowaterreiteratedinNovember2001,morethanonebillionpeoplelackaccesstocleandrinkingwater,sometwoandahalfbilliondonothaveadequatesanitationservices.Preventablewater-relateddiseaseskillanestimated10,000to20,0000childreneveryday,andthelatestevidencesuggeststhatwearefallingbehindineffortstosolvetheseproblems.

DTheconsequencesofourwaterpoliciesextendbeyondjeopardizinghumanhealth.Tensofmillionsofpeoplehavebeenforcedtomovefromtheirhomes—oftenwithlittlewarningorcompensation—tomakewayforthereservoirsbehinddams.Morethan20%ofallfreshwaterfishspeciesarenowthreatenedorendangeredbecausedamsandwaterwithdrawalshavedestroyedthefree-flowingriverecosystemswheretheythrive.Certainirrigationpracticesdegradesoilqualityandreduceagriculturalproductivity.GroundwateraquifersarebeingpumpeddownfasterthantheyarenaturallyreplenishedinpartsofIndia,China,theUSAandelsewhere.Anddisputesoversharedwaterresourceshaveledtoviolenceandcontinuetoraiselocal,nationalandeveninternationaltensions.

EAttheoutsetofthenewmillennium,however,thewayresourceplannersthinkaboutwaterisbeginningtochange.Thefocusisslowlyshiftingbacktotheprovisionofbasichumanandenvironmentalneedsastoppriorityensuring‘someforall’，insteadof‘moreforsome’.Somewaterexpertsarenowdemandingthatexistinginfrastructurebeusedinsmarterwaysratherthanbuildingnewfacilities,whichisincreasinglyconsideredtheoptionoflast,notfirst,resort.Thisshiftinphilosophyhasnotbeenuniversallyaccepted,anditcomeswithstrongoppositionformsomeestablishedwaterorganizations.Nevertheless,itmaybetheonlywaytoaddresssuccessfullythepressingproblemsofprovidingeveryonewithcleanwatertodrink,adequatewatertogrowfoodandalifefreefrompreventablewater-relatedillness.

FFortunately—andunexpectedly—thedemandforwaterisnotrisingasrapidlyassomepredicted.Asaresult,thepressuretobuildnewwaterinfrastructureshasdiminishedoverthepasttwodecades.Althoughpopulation,industrialoutputandeconomicproductivityhavecontinuedtosoarindevelopednations,therateatwhichpeoplewithdrawwaterfromaquifers,riversandlakeshasslowed.Andinafewpartsoftheworld,demandhasactuallyfallen.

GWhatexplainsthisremarkableturnofevents?Twofactors:peoplehavefiguredouthowtousewatermoreefficiently,andcommunitiesarerethinkingtheirprioritiesforwateruse.Throughoutthefirstthree-quartersofthe20thcentury,thequantityoffreshwaterconsumedperpersondoubledonaverage;intheUSA，waterwithdrawalsincreasedtenfoldwhilethepopulationquadrupled.Butsince1980,theamountofwaterconsumedperpersonhasactuallydecreased,thankstoarangeofnewtechnologiesthathelptoconservewaterinhomesandindustry.In1965,forinstance,Japanusedapproximately13milliongallonsofwatertoproduce$1millionofcommercialoutput;by1989thishaddroppedto3.5milliongallons(evenaccountingforinflation)—almostaquadruplingofwaterproductivity.IntheUSA,waterwithdrawalshavefallenbymorethan20%fromtheirpeakin1980.

HOntheotherhand,dams,aqueductsandotherkindsofinfrastructurewillstillhavetobebuilt,particularlyindevelopingcountrieswherebasichumanneedshavenotbeenmet.Butsuchprojectsmustbebuilttohigherspecificationsandwithmoreaccountabilitytolocalpeopleandtheirenvironmentthaninthepast.Andeveninregionswherenewprojectsseemwarranted,wemustfindwaystomeetdemandswithfewerresources,respectingecologicalcriteriaandtoasmallerbudget.

1.WateruseperpersonishigherintheindustrialworldthanitwasinAncientRome.

2.Feedingincreasingpopulationsispossibledueprimarilytoimprovedirrigationsystems.

3.ModernwatersystemsimitatethoseoftheancientGreeksandRomans.

4.Industrialgrowthisincreasingtheoveralldemandforwater.

5.Moderntechnologieshaveledtoareductionindomesticwaterconsumption.

问题1选项

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

问题2选项

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

问题3选项

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

问题4选项

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

问题5选项

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据文章A段，“suppliedtheoccupantsofRomewithasmuchwaterperpersonasisprovidedinmanypartsoftheindustrialworldtoday.”，为罗马居民提供的人均用水量，相当于当今工业世界许多地区的人均用水量。Asmuchas和表述中的higher相反，可判断出工业世界的人均用水量和古罗马时期相当，表述错误。

2.根据文章B段，“Foodproductionhaskeptpacewithsoaringpopulationsmainlybecauseoftheexpansionofartificialirrigationsystemsthatmakepossiblethegrowthof40%oftheworld’sfood.”，粮食产量的激增带来了人口的增长，主要原因是人工灌溉系统的扩大，这使得世界40%的粮食产量得以增长。可判断出主要由于灌溉系统的改善，养活越来越多的人口成为可能，表述正确。

3.根据文章C段，“halfoftheworld’spopulationsstillsuffers,withwaterservicesinferiortothoseavailabletotheancientGreeksandRomans.”，世界上一半的人口仍在遭受水资源不足的痛苦，供水服务不如古希腊和古罗马人。文中并未提及现代是否模仿了古希腊和古罗马的供水系统，所以表述在文中并未体现。

4.根据文章F段，“Althoughpopulation,industrialoutputandeconomicproductivityhavecontinuedtosoarindevelopednations,therateatwhichpeoplewithdrawwaterfromaquifers,riversandlakeshasslowed.”，尽管发达国家的人口、工业产出和经济生产力继续增长，但人们从蓄水层、河流和湖泊取水的速度已经放缓。所以工业的增长并没有使人们增加对水的需求，表述错误。

5.根据文章G段，“Butsince1980,theamountofwaterconsumedperpersonhasactuallydecreased,thankstoarangeofnewtechnologiesthathelptoconservewaterinhomesandindustry.”，自1980年以来，由于一系列有利于家庭和工业节水的新技术，人均用水量实际上已经呈下降趋势。可判断出现代技术确实已经导致了人们生活用水量的减少，表述正确。

6.单选题

Theclassactionhasbeenfiledwithacourtafterthecommunity’sconference.

问题1选项

A.suit

B.activity

C.report

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。Classaction在句中表示“集体诉讼，共同诉讼”，action表示诉讼有关的行动，A选项suit“诉讼”；B选项activity“活动”；C选项report“报告”；D选项examination“考试，检查”。句意：集体诉讼经集体商议后被提交给法院。根据句意A项正确。

7.单选题

It’sour（

）thattheneweconomicpolicywillbringgreatprosperitytothiscompany.

问题1选项

A.confidence

B.conviction

C.recommendation

D.insurance

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项confidence“信心”；B选项conviction“确信”；C选项recommendation“推荐”；D选项insurance“保险”。句意：我们相信新的经济政策会给公司带来巨大的繁荣。选项B符合句意。

8.单选题

Thequestion______tomorrowiswhetherincometaxshouldbeincreased.

问题1选项

A.tobedebated

B.todebate

C.debated

D.thatitwillbedebated

【答案】A

【解析】考查后置定语。句意：明天要讨论的问题是是否应该提高所得税。根据question被debate确定用被动语态，不定式表目的可以用作定语成分，A选项tobedebated正确。D选项thatitwillbedebated中it作从句主语多余。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Whiletherehavebeencountlessattemptsatcorrelatingsunspotcycleswithsuchdiversephenomenaastheeconomy,cropyields,andtheweather,therehasbeenlittleevidencetosupportthesecorrelations.Thepastfewdecadeshaveseenarenewedinterestinthesun-climaterelationshipwithacomprehensiveanalysisofmanydifferenthistoricalrecordsofsolarobservation.Lateintheseventeenthcentury,aperiodknownastheMaunderMinimum,therewerevirtuallynosunspotsobserved,indicatinga“quiet”periodinthesun’sactivitycoincidingwiththeheightofatimeknownastheLittleIceAge,aperiodoflowertemperaturesinEurope.Oncethisevidencehadbeensynthesized,ithasbecomemuchclearerthatthereareindeedrobustcorrelationsbetweentheEarth’stemperatureandsunspots.Perhapsthemostimportantdevelopmentinthesolar-climatelinkcamewhensatellitesweredevelopedtomeasure,inroughterms,theTotalSolarIrradiance（TSI）,afactorshowntobedirectlyrelatedtothese“activity”cycles.Atthemaximaofthesecycles,therearemoresunspots（magneticphenomenathatattenuatelocalirradiance）,butnewinstrumentsshowthatthesedarksunspotsaremorethancompensatedforbybrightareasonthesuncalledfaculae;therefore,theoverallirradianceincreasesincorrespondencewithhighernumbersofsunspots.

Unfortunatedly,identifyingthisevidentincreaseinminimumvaluesasatrendprovokesconcern,astherehavebeenonlytwominimaevermeasuredinthisway.Wemustbeawarethatthewarmingtrendinthesurfacetemperaturegoesfarbeyondthelasttwodecades,andthatanextensionofthesolarrecordisnecessarytoassesswhethersolaractivityandirradianceisindeedincreasingattheminimaofthecyclesandwhatthepotentialeffectontheclimatemaybe.Thesolarrecordhasbeenextendedbytheuseofthehistoricalsunspotrecordsalreadymentionedandcorrelationshavebeendrawnbetweensolarirradianceandthetemperaturecurvesince1610,suggestingapredominantsolarinfluenceinthepre-industrialperiod.Butsince1860onlyhalftheobservedwarmingcouldbeattributabletotheirradianceincrease,indicatingthatsomeotherinfluenceisbecomingmoreinfluentialincontrollingthetemperaturechange:mostlikelyindustrialcarbon-dioxide.

Recentstudiesofglobalwarminghavenecessitatedamorecomprehensiveefforttoquantifythenaturalclimatevariabilitysothattheresidualchangemaybeattributedtotheanthropogenicemissionsofgreenhousegases.Thisattemptatquantificationofthemanydifferentforceseffectontheclimatehasre-emphasizedthecomplexityoftheclimatesystemandthesimultaneousinteractionofmanyinfluences.Solarirradiancemayindeedaccountforsomeofthetemperatureincreasesrecordedoverthelastseveraldecades,butastheatmosphericCO2rises,duetotheexponentialincreaseinemissionsfromindustrialsources,theinfluenceofsolarvariabilityontheEarth’sclimatewillmostlikelydecrease,anditsrelativecontributionwillbefarsurpassedby“greenhouse”gases.

31.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon（）.

32.Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthecomparisonbetweenpreindustrialandpost-industrialclimatechange,asdescribedinthepassage,isaccurate?

33.Accordingtothepassage,extendingsolarrecordisimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

34.Accordingtothepassage,sunspotcycleshavewhichofthefollowingcharacteristics?

35.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorregardsthecorrelationsdrawninrecentdecadesbetweensunspotsandterrestrialphenomenaas（

）.

问题1选项

A.pointingoutthesuccessofacertainlineofscientificinquiryintotheterrestrialeffectsofsolaractivitywhilequalifyingitssuccesseswithregardtoclimatechange

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandexplainingtheirpossibleimplicationsforfutureresearch

C.discussingthesuccessesinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowtheymayhaveanimpactonpreventingfurtherclimatechange

D.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesforthecauseofpost-industrialclimatechangeandevaluatingthebodyofevidencebehindeachone

问题2选项

A.Thepre-industrialperiodexperiencedamuchgreaterdegreeofclimatechange,owingtosolaractivity

B.Thepost-industrialperiodexperiencedamuchgreaterdegreeofclimatechange,owingtogreenhousegases.

C.Bothperiodshaveexperiencedadegreeofchange,buttheirprimarycausesaredifferent.

D.Bothperiodshaveexperiencedadegreeofchange,andtheirprimarycausesareidentical.

问题3选项

A.Itwouldallowscientiststoestablishwhetherthewarmingtrendsowetoindustrializationortonaturalfactorsexistingpriortoindustrialization.

B.ItwouldhelpestablishwhetherthedatasupportingtheexistenceoftheMaunderMinimumisreliable.

C.Itwoulddeterminetheextenttowhichsunspotsplaysaroleinincreasingthesun’sirradiance.

D.Itcouldpossiblecorroboratetheinformationonsunspotsprovidedbysatellites.

问题4选项

A.Duringtheminimaphaseofthecycle,thereisloweroverallirradiancebutgreaterlocalirradiance,andfewersunspots.

B.Duringtheminimaphaseofthecycle,thereisgreateroverallirradiancebutlowerlocalirradiance,andfewersunspots.

C.Duringthemaximaphaseofthecycle,thereislowerlocalirradiancebutgreateroverallirradiance,andmoresunspots.

D.Duringthemaximaphaseofthecycle,thereisloweroverallirradiancebutgreaterlocalirradiance,andmoresunspots.

问题5选项

A.morereliablethansimilarcorrelationsdrawninthepast,butstillinconclusive

B.solidevidenceofthecomplexityoftheclimatesystemandthesimultaneousinteractionofitsmanyinfluences

C.poorlysupportedbythestatisticsmentionedatthebeginningofthepassage

D.unlikelygiventhepredominantroleplayedbygreenhousegases

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】31.主旨大意题。通读全文可发现作者通篇探讨的是太阳活动与气候变化的联系。根据关键词“solaractivity”“climatechange”“thesun-climaterelationship”即可得出本题答案。

32.事实细节题。根据题干关键词“preindustrialandpost-industrialclimatechange”可将信息点定位至原文第二段第三句和第四句，根据“Thesolarrecordhasbeenextendedbytheuseofthehistoricalsunspotrecordsalreadymentionedandcorrelationshavebeendrawnbetweensolarirradianceandthetemperaturecurvesince1610,suggestingapredominantsolarinfluenceinthepre-industrialperiod.（利用前面提到的太阳黑子历史记录扩展了太阳活动记录，并从1610年起绘制了太阳辐照度与温度曲线之间的关系，表明太阳活动在前工业时期具有重要的影响。）”“…indicatingthatsomeotherinfluenceisbecomingmoreinfluential（表明其他一些影响正在变得更有影响力）”，即可得出本题答案。

33.

细节事实题。根据题干关键字“extendingsolarrecord”可将信息点定位至原文第二段第二句和第三句。“Wemustbeawarethatthewarmingtrendinthesurfacetemperaturegoesfarbeyondthelasttwodecades,andthatanextensionofthesolarrecordisnecessarytoassesswhethersolaractivityandirradianceisindeedincreasingattheminimaofthecyclesandwhatthepotentialeffectontheclimatemaybe.（我们必须认识到，地表温度的上升趋势远远超过过去二十年，必须扩大太阳记录，以评估太阳活动和辐照度是否确实在以周期的最小值增加，以及对气候可能产生的潜在影响。）”从而得出本题答案。

34.

细节事实题。根据题干关键字“sunspotcycles”“characteristics”，可将信息点定位至原文第一段第六句，“Atthemaximaofthesecycles,therearemoresunspots（magneticphenomenathatattenuatelocalirradiance）,butnewinstrumentsshowthatthesedarksunspotsaremorethancompensatedforbybrightareasonthesuncalledfaculae;therefore,theoverallirradianceincreasesincorrespondencewithhighernumbersofsunspots.（这些周期的最大值，太阳黑子（磁现象减弱本地辐照度）,但新仪器显示，这些黑暗的太阳黑子超过补偿在太阳明亮的区域称为光斑；因此，整体较高的辐照度增加对应数量的太阳黑子。）”即可得出本题答案。

35.

细节推断题。根据题干关键字“correlationsdrawninrecentdecades”可将信息点定位至原文最后一段，根据“Recentstudiesofglobalwarminghavenecessitatedamorecomprehensiveeffort…（最近对全球变暖的研究需要更全面的努力。）”可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

10.单选题

______theymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.

问题1选项

A.Socleveraretheconstructionrobots

B.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsare

C.Suchconstructionrobotsareclever

D.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这些建筑机器人非常聪明，它们最终可能会使建筑工地所需的劳动力减少90%。根据状语前置用倒装结构，排除B、D选项，C选项使题目成为两个独立的完整句子，不符合题意。根据语境和句子结构，句子还原成Theconstructionrobotsaresocleverthattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflabor…，that在这里省略，A选项Socleveraretheconstructionrobots符合题意。因此A选项正确。

11.单选题

Astudyshowsthatstudentslivinginnon-smokingdormsarelesslikelyto（

）thathabitofsmoking.

问题1选项

A.turnup

B.pickup

C.makeup

D.ringup

【答案】B

【解析】词组辨析题。turnup“调大，出现”；pickup“拿起，拾起，捡起，学会”；makeup“组成，补足，化妆，编造”；ringup“打电话”；根据句意‘研究发现，住在无烟宿舍的学生不大可能（

）抽烟的习惯。’确定B选项正确。

12.单选题

Sometimes,whilelivinginaforeigncountry,onecravesaspecialdishfromhome.

问题1选项

A.desires

B.eats

C.prepares

D.orders

【答案】A

【解析】考查词义辨析。crave表示“渴望，恳求”；A项desire“想要，渴望”，B项eat“吃”，C项prepare“准备”，D项order“命令，下单”。句意：生活在异国他乡时，有时会想吃家乡的特色菜。因此A项正确。

13.单选题

Idon’teverwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain.Therewasatimeinmylifewhenpeopleaskedconstantlyforstoriesaboutwhatit’sliketoworkinafielddominatedbymen.IwasneververygoodattellingthosestoriesbecausetruthfullyIneverfoundtheminteresting.WhatIdofindinterestingistheoriginoftheuniverse,theshapeofspace-limeandthenatureofblackholes.At19,whenIbeganstudyingastrophysics,itdidnotbothermeintheleasttobetheonlywomanintheclassroom.ButwhileearningmyPh.D.atMITandthenasapost-doctordoingspaceresearch,theissuestartedtobotherme.Myeveryachievementjobs,researchpapers,awardswasviewedthroughthelensofgenderpolitics.Soweremyfailures.Sometimes,whenIwaspushedintoanargumentonleftbrainversusrightbrain,ornatureversusnurture,1wouldinstantlyfightfiercelyonmybehalfandallwomankind.

Thenonedayafewyearsago,outofmymouthcameasentencethatwouldeventuallybecomemyreplytoanyandallprovocations:Idon’ttalkaboutthatanymore.Ittookme10yearstogetbacktheconfidenceIhadat19andtorealizethatIdidn’twanttodealwithgenderissues.Whyshouldcuringsexismbeyetanotherterribleburdenoneveryfemalescientist?Afterall,Idon’tstudysociologyorpoliticaltheory.

TodayIresearchandteachatBarnard,awomen’scollegeinNewYorkCity.Recently,someoneaskedmehowmanyofthe45studentsinmyclasswerewomen.Youcannotimaginemysatisfactionatbeingabletoanswer45.Iknowsomeofmystudentsworryhowtheywillmanagetheirscientificresearchandadesireforchildren.AndIdon’tdismissthoseconcerns.StillIdon’ttellthem“war”stories.Instead,Ihavegiventhemthis:thevisualoftheirphysicsprofessorheavilypregnantdoingphysicsexperiments.Andinturntheyhavegivenmetheimageof45womendrivenbyaloveofscience.Andthat’sasightworthtalkingabout.

1.Whydoesn’ttheauthorwanttotalkaboutbeingawomenscientistagain?

2.FromParagraph2,wecaninferthatpeoplewouldattributetheauthor’sfailuresto（）.

3.Wh