考研考博-英语-广州铁路职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广州铁路职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Anenergytaxwouldcurbordinaryairpollution,limitoilimportsandcutthebudget（

）.

问题1选项

A.disposition

B.defect

C.discrepancy

D.deficit

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项disposition“处置，性情”；B选项defect“缺点，劣势”；C选项discrepancy“不符，矛盾”；D选项deficit“赤字”。根据动词“cut削减，砍掉”和“budget预算”，可知空格部分单词意思为“赤字，不足额”，句意为：能源税能抑制普通的空气污染，限制石油进口和削减预算赤字。故正确答案选D。

2.单选题

Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabor.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.

Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam.

Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon“overtime”worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturnedawayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighborhoods.

Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen’sliberation,producedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobsaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policework,banking,dentistry,andconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunitiesforpromotion.

Todaytheexpertsgenerallyagreethatimportantchangesaretakingplaceintherolesofmenandwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressthemainideaofParagraph1?

2.WhichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?

3.Inthepassagetheauthorproposesthatthecounterculture（

）.

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（

）.

问题1选项

A.Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages.

B.Menandwomen’sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast.

C.Men’srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen’s.

D.Menandwomen’sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthepast.

问题2选项

A.Thefirstsentence.

B.Thesecondandthethirdsentences.

C.Thefourthsentence.

D.Thelastsentence.

问题3选项

A.destroyedtheUnitedStates

B.transformedsomeAmericanvalues

C.wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates

D.broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies

问题4选项

A.menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals

B.somemenwillbewillingtoexchangetheirtraditionalmaleroles

C.mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehouseholdresponsibilitieswiththeirwives

D.moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthaneverbefore

问题5选项

A.ResultsofFeministMovements'

B.NewinfluenceinAmericanLife

C.CountercultureandItsconsequence

D.TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段指出:Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles(曾经由社会分工来定义男女性别角色。男性在外工作，赚钱养家，女性则在家做饭，照顾孩子。这些角色相对固定，并且不容易转变)。因此D(过去男女角色通常是完全分开的)能概括第一段大意。

2.主旨大意题。第二段介绍反主流文化转变了男性和女性的传统社会分工定位,故选C(反主流文化为男性和女性提供新的角色选择)。

3.判断推理题。第二段第三段主要讲了反主流文化的价值观以及带给美国社会的改变,故选B(转变了一些美国人的价值观)。

4.判断推理题。第二段指出:Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes(因为对抚育孩子有了更大的兴趣，所以男性开始和妻子共同承担抚养孩子的任务。实际上，一些年轻的男性和女性搬去了公共房屋或者农场，在那儿双方共同承担经济贵任和孩子抚养贵任),故选C(大部分男性很愿意和妻子分担—些家庭责任)。

5.主旨大意题。A:女权运动结果;B:美国生活的新影响;C:反主流文化及其影响;D:女性和男性角色的传统划分。结合文章内容可知B项最适合做文章标题。

3.单选题

It’sthebrinybrothofourorigins,thepoundingcirculatorysystemoftheworld,a（

）molecularedgeonwhichwesurvive.

问题1选项

A.integrated

B.precarious

C.solid

D.collided

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。integrated综合的，完整的；precarious不稳定的，危险的；solid结实的；collided碰撞的。句意：生命起源于海洋，海洋是地球循环系统的关键一环，这些不稳定的小分子是我们生存的基础。根据句意可知B项符合题意。

4.单选题

Aninvisibleborderdividesthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomonthebehalfofstudents'careerprospectsandthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomforbroaderreasonsofradicaleducationalreform.Veryfewwritersonthesubjecthaveexploredthis（1）-indeed,contradiction-whichgoestotheheartofwhatiswrongwiththe（2）toputcomputersintheclassroom.

Aneducationthataimsatgettingastudentacertainkindofjobisa/an（3）education,justifiedforreasonsradicallydifferentfromwhyeducationis（4）requiredbylaw.Itisnotsimplyto（5）everyone’sjobprospectsthatallchildrenarelegally（6）toattendschoolintotheirteens.Rather,wehaveacertain（7）ofthe-Americancitizen,acharacterwhois（8）ifhecannotcompetentlyassess（9）hislivelihoodandhappinessareaffectedbythings（10）ofhimself.

Butthiswasnotalwaysthecase;beforeitwaslegallyrequiredforallchildrentoattendschooluntilacertain（11）,itwaswidelyacceptedthatsomewerejustnotequipped（12）naturetopursuethiskindofeducation.Withoptimismcharacteristicofallindustrializedcountries,wecametoacceptthateveryoneis（13）tobeeducated.Computer-educationadvocates（14）thisoptimisticnotionforapessimismthat（15）theirotherwisecheeryoutlook.（16）ontheconfusionbetweeneducationalandvocationalreasonsforbringingcomputersintoschools,computer-educationadvocatesoften（17）thejobprospectsofgraduatesovertheireducational（18）.

Therearesomegoodargumentsforatechnicaleducationgiventherightkindofstudent.ManyEuropeanschools（19）theconceptofprofessionaltrainingearlyoninordertomakesurechildrenare（20）equippedfortheprofessionstheywanttojoin.

问题1选项

A.distinction

B.topic

C.separation

D.education

问题2选项

A.campaign

B.practice

C.action

D.goal

问题3选项

A.informal

B.basic

C.technical

D.expensive

问题4选项

A.differently

B.universally

C.conversely

D.regularly

问题5选项

A.form

B.consist

C.arise

D.raise

问题6选项

A.ordered

B.inquired

C.required

D.acquired

问题7选项

A.conception

B.information

C.theme

D.imagination

问题8选项

A.complete

B.accomplished

C.incomplete

D.improper

问题9选项

A.why

B.what

C.where

D.how

问题10选项

A.inside

B.outside

C.beside

D.aside

问题11选项

A.year

B.age

C.day

D.extent

问题12选项

A.in

B.at

C.by

D.with

问题13选项

A.fit

B.responsible

C.suitable

D.able

问题14选项

A.consider

B.forget

C.forsake

D.foretell

问题15选项

A.believes

B.becomes

C.bears

D.betrays

问题16选项

A.Encountering

B.Banking

C.Devising

D.Seeking

问题17选项

A.emphasize

B.encourage

C.engage

D.enlarge

问题18选项

A.academy

B.position

C.degree

D.achievement

问题19选项

A.interact

B.introduce

C.announce

D.invent

问题20选项

A.traditionally

B.drastically

C.properly

D.hardly

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:D

第10题:B

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:A

第14题:C

第15题:D

第16题:B

第17题:A

第18题:D

第19题:B

第20题:C

【解析】1.考查名词辨析。distinction区别，差别；topic主题；separation分离；education教育。上文提到了两种将计算机引入课堂的不同观点，所以这两种观点有区别，故A项正确。

2.考查名词辨析。campaign活动，运动；practice实践，练习，惯例；action行动；goal目标。将计算机引入到课堂是一种活动，故A项正确。句意：很少有作家在这个主题上探讨过这种区别——实际上是矛盾——它触及诸如将电脑引入课堂运动有什么问题这样的核心问题。

3.考查形容词辨析。informal非正式的；basic基础的；technical技术上的；expensive昂贵的；此空是对‘旨在帮助学生找到一份工作的教育’的概括，由下文该教育与法律所要求的教育不一样，也可知这种教育是强调技术上的，让学生获得一份技术，以便能找到工作。故C项正确。

4.考查副词辨析。由该空后面的requiredbylaw可知教育应该是被法律普遍要求的。故B项正确。

5.考查动词辨析。form形成；consist组成；arise出现，产生；raise提高，筹集。由下文“所有孩子被法律要求上学到十几岁”可知这种小孩接受教育可以提升每个人的工作前景。故D项正确。

6.考查动词辨析。由“legally法律上”可知接受教育是被法律强制要求的。故C项正确。

7.考查名词辨析。conception概念，设想；information信息；theme主题imagination想象力。由下文的同位语“acharacterwhois…”可知，同位语部分是对美国民众的解释，定定义，故此句表达的意思为“实际上，我们对美国公民有一种特定的概念。”故A项正确。

8.考查形容词辨析。complete完整的；accomplished完成的，熟练的；incomplete不完整的；improper不合适的。由空格后的“ifhecannotcompetentlyaccess…”可推知该空要填贬义词，不能说这个人是不合适的，只能说这个人是不完整的，故C项正确。

9.考查引导词。句意：如果他不能准确地评估自己的生活和幸福是___受到___事物的影响的。只有D项符合题意。

10.考查形容词辨析。人的生活和幸福应该是受外部事物的影响更大些，故B项正确。

11.考查名词辨析。根据句意可推知法律要求小孩到了一定的年龄要去上学。故B项正确。

12.考查固定搭配。bynature天生地，天性。句意：人们普遍认为，有些人天生就不适合接受这种教育。

13.考查形容词辨析。befitto适合；beresponsiblefor对…负责；besuitableto与…相称；beableto能够做…。由上文可知，之前人们认为有些人天生就不适合接受教育，随着工业社会的人们变得乐观，可以推知他们改变了之前的想法了，他们认为每个人都适合接受教育。

14.考查动词辨析。consider考虑；forget忘记；forsake放弃，断念；foretell预言，预示。由后文的thisoptimisticnotionforapessimism可知计算机倡导者转向了消极的一面，故可推测放弃了乐观的想法。故C项正确。

15.考查动词辨析。betray背叛；believe相信；become成为；bear承受。that引导定语从句，修饰pessimism悲观情绪，既然是悲观情绪，那么它背叛了本该看似乐观的前景。故D项正确。

16.考查固定搭配。bankon依赖。句意：依靠教育理由和职业理由的困惑将计算机引入学校。

17.考查动词辨析。由thejobprospectsofgraduatesovertheireducational…可知该句将工作前景和教育前景作对比，计算机倡导者更强调毕业生的工作前景。

18.考查名词辨析。academy学院，学会；position位置，方位；degree程度，等级；achievement成就。与教育成就相比，计算机倡导者更注重学生的工作前景。故D项符合句意。

19.考查动词辨析。句意：一些欧洲学校___一些早期职业训练。interact互相影响，互相起作用；introduce引进；announce宣布；invent发明，创造。只有B项符合句意。

20.考查副词辨析。traditionally传统地；drastically彻底地，激烈地；properly合适地；hardly几乎不，简直。早期引入职业训练的目的是确保孩子们为他们想要从事的职业做好了适当的准备。故C项正确。

5.单选题

Youcandoitifyouwantto,butinmyopinionit’snotworththe（）itinvolves.

问题1选项

A.force

B.trial

C.attempt

D.effort

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析。force力量；trial试验，审讯；attempt企图，试图；effort努力。句意：如果你想，你可以去做，但在我看来，它不值得你为之付出努力。选项D符合句意。

6.单选题

Financial

regulators

inBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution.Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutalsobyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,saystheBankofEngland'stopeconomist,AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagiantofclassicaleconomies,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike“Childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henotes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm'seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed"quarterlycapitalism"Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,quickeruseofinformation,andthusshortensattentionspansinfinancialmarkers."Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,"saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyActof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce“short-termism”.InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfindsthat"asubstantialpart”ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage“long-termism,”suchaschangesinthetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimesearnmorevotingrightsinacompany.

Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders.Britainruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformance,notjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleisthe（

）.

2.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate（

）.

3.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbe（

）.

4.TheUSandFranceexamplesareusedtoillustrate（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

问题1选项

A.enhancebanker'ssenseofresponsibility

B.helpcorporationsachievelargerprofits

C.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation

D.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives

问题2选项

A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits

B.governments'impatienceindecision-making

C.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies

D."short-termism"ineconomicsactivities

问题3选项

A.indirect

B.adverse

C.minimal

D.temporary

问题4选项

A.theobstaclestopreventingshort-termism

B.thesignificanceoflong-termthinking

C.theapproachestopromotinglong-termism

D.theprevalenceofshort-termthinking

问题5选项

A.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism

B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue

C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutives

D.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节题。题目中明确出题段落(AccordingtoParagraph1)及相应的信息点(onemotiveinimposingthenewrule)，因此，答案来源句则为第一段的第三句(Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution这个规则主要目的是让银行家为不良风险负责以及修复公众对金融机构的信任)，那么答案基本就很容易提取出来。选项中的“senseofresponsibility”则对应到句中的“enhancebanker'ssenseofresponsibility（增加银行的责任），其他的选项则与最佳选项无缘，在定位区间中没有相应的信息。

2.细节题。题干中的定位信息在“AlfredMarshall”上，直接定位到第二段的第二句，定位信息里的“thisimpatience”则是回指第二段首句的"short-termism"，故信息点则为"short-termism"，所以最佳选项则为"short-termism"ineconomicactivities，而其他选项在定位信息中未提及。

3.细节题。此题的定位信息为题干的“transientinvestment”，直接定位到第三段的第二句“Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm'seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty”，从四个选项的褒贬正负来看indirect、minimal和temporary为中性的表述，只有B选项的adverse为明确的负面表达，意思为“不利的”，与原文中的“hinder”对应上。

4.例证题。根据题干的具体信息定位，美国和法国的例子是用来支撑什么论点。原文的第五、六段则提供了具体的信息，第五段中美国延迟发放才上任一年左右的高管绩效津贴，继而促进缓解“短期主义”盛行的现状；第六段则提及在法国持股两年以上者拥有更大的选票权。所以，最佳选项应为“促进长期主义的方法”。

5.主旨题。题干中的title为标题题的信息，所以此题考查的是文章的主旨大意。B选项里的patience可以对应到全文中反复出现的主题词"short-termism"和"long-termism"，corporate本身在文章中出现多次，所以B选项为最佳标题，体现主旨大意；其余选项均不能概括全文，故排除。

7.单选题

Whenwedrovealong,wesawheavywispsofsmokefromfactorychimneys（）upintotheair.

问题1选项

A.ascending

B.fluctuating

C.spiraling

D.charging

【答案】A

【解析】ascendupinto...为固定搭配，表示“上升，升向”。这里指烟囱里的烟升向天空，选项A正确。

8.单选题

Itisaninterestingfact______trytodothesamethingsasnaturedoes,theyusuallyhavetodotheminadifferentway.

问题1选项

A.thatwhenmen

B.whenthatmen

C.thatmen

D.whenmen

【答案】A

【解析】考查主语从句和状语从句。句意：一个有趣的事实是，当人们试图做自然所做的同样的事情时，他们通常不得不以不同的方式去做。It作形式主语，真正的主语是横线到句尾部分，其中主语从句中包含一个时间状语从句，that引导主语从句，when引导时间状语从句，所以A选项thatwhenmen正确。其余选项语法错误。因此A选项正确。

9.翻译题

“Allnatureismeanttomakeusthinkofparadise,”ThomasMertonobserved.BecausetheCreationputsonanonstopshow,beautyisfreeandinexhaustible,butweneedtraininginordertoperceivemorethanthemostobviouskinds.Even15billionyearsorsoaftertheBigBang,echoesofthateventstilllingerintheformofbackgroundradiation,onlyafewdegreesaboveabsolutezero.Lustso,Ibelieve,theexperienceofbeautyisanechooftheorderandpowerthatpermeatetheuniverse.Tomeasurebackgroundradiation,weneedsubtleinstruments;tomeasurebeauty,weneedalertintelligenceandourfivekeensenses.

Anyonewitheyescantakedelightinafaceoraflower.Youneedtraining,however,toperceivethebeautyinmathematicsorphysicsorchess,inthearchitectureofatree,thedesignofabird’swing,ortheshiverofbreaththroughaflute.Formostofhumanhistory,thetraininghasfromelderswhotaughttheyounghowtopayattention.Bypayingattention;welearntosavorallsortsofpatterns,fromquantummechanicstopatchworkquilts.Thispredilectionbringswithitaclearevolutionaryadvantage,fortheabilitytorecognizepatternshelpedourancestorstoselectmates,findfood,avoidpredators.Butthesameadvantagewouldapplytoallspecies,andyetwealonecomposesymphoniesandcrosswordpuzzles,carvestoneintostatus,maptimeandspace.

【答案】托马斯•默顿曾感言：“天地万物欲使我们想到天堂。”上天造物，生生不息，犹如连番上演的舞台剧，美亦展示得无拘无朿、无穷无尽。若要从最显见的物类中获得更多美的感悟，则须经专门训练。即使在宇宙大爆炸的一百五十亿年后，其反射仍以背景辐射的形式，略略徘徊于绝对零度之上。正因为此，人们对美的体验，实则是对宇宙间无处不在的秩序与力量的回应。测量背景辐射，要有精巧的仪器；体验美，则需机敏的智能与敏锐的五官了。

凡眼见于俏脸、鲜花，无人不觉赏心悦目。然而，要参透数学、物理或棋弈之美，欣赏树之有形、鸟之翼趣，乃至对长笛奏出的悠悠颤音心领祌会，则必经专门训练方可体味。在人类大部历史上，这种训练就是学会如何观察，历来由长者教之于幼者。通过观察，人类学会鉴赏天地万化之模式，从量子力学到百纳被无所不包。此痴情所至，亦使人类在进化过程中占尽先机，能辨万化之象，有助于先人们择偶、觅食，逃避猛兽。按理，同一进化优势本应造福世间一切物种，然惟独人类能谱出交响曲、制作填字游戏、创造石雕艺术、标示时空天体。

那么，是人类为获敏锐的感知而一味将其动物的本能需求推向了乖戾之极致，还是人脑构造与宇宙天体碰巧契合呢？

10.单选题

Theextracostoftravellingtoworkis（

）bythelowerpriceofhouseshere.

问题1选项

A.compensated

B.mended

C.offset

D.covered

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。compensate“补偿”；mend“修改”；offset“抵消，补偿”；cover“掩蔽，遮盖”。句意：这些廉价的房价抵消了那些去远处上班的费用。选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

Itisreportedthatthirtypeoplewerekilledina（）ontherailwayyesterday.

问题1选项

A.collision

B.collaboration

C.corrosion

D.confrontation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项collision“碰撞，冲突”，B项collaboration“合作”，C项corrosion“腐蚀”，D项confrontation“对抗，面对”。把四个选项分别代入句子中，可知只有collision符合。句意：据报道，昨天有30人在铁路相撞中丧生。因此，该题选择A项正确。

12.单选题

AslongasHurstonremainssusceptibletowhatareessentiallypoliticaljudgments,herliteraryfortuneswillcontinuetofluctuatewiththetemperofthetimes.Criticismthatrestrictsitselftoideologymissesthebasicreasonthewriterisworthreadinginthefirstplace.HurstonbelongsamongtheAmericanclassicsnotbecauseofherpoliticsbutbecauseofherlanguage.Shewasatpainstodistinguishherselffromotherwriterswithclearlydefinedsocialandpoliticalagendas.Somewriters,Hurstoncharged,thinkthereisbraveryinwritingforthose“whowanttohearthesamethingoverandoveragaineventhoughtheyalreadyknowitbyheartItisthesamethingaswavingtheflaginapoorlyconstructedplay.”

Hurston’ssavingdistinctionwasherexquisitelysensitiveear.Shewassometimesoutoftune,aswhenshetriedtodevisemetaphorsthatwereself-consciouslyliterary(thereisabasininthemindwherewordsfloataround3’).Butwhenshedeployedcolloquialspeechandcelebrateditsabilitytomovebeyondmeredenotation,shewasaspectacularwriter,andthefarthestthingfromaflagwaver.When,forinstance,shedescribesaspeedingtrain,sheusesawordthatperfectlyconveysthesoundofthewheelsclickingoverthetrackjoints:it“schickalacked”overtherails.

Hurstonwasabrillianttranscriberofcolloquiallanguageandtelleroffolktales,butthesewereonlypartofherachievement.Whenwritinginherownvoice,sherenderstheworldinphrasesthatarepalpableandwonderfullyimmediate.Thisisawriterwhounderstoodthatspontaneousimage-makingisthemarkofalivinglanguage,thatasharedlanguageistheonlyconduitwehaveintotheinteriorlivesofotherpeople.

Hurston’srealsubject,andthisisthereasonherworkwillabide,wastheuniversaldisjunctionbetweenthelimitlesshumanimaginationandtheconstrictionswithinwhichallhumanbeingslive.ShehappenedtoknowbesthowtoexemplifythisthemebywritingaboutthelivesofBlackwomenintheAmericanSouth,whichinitselfiscauseforneitherpraisenorblame.Hurstonrejectedalltheconventionalcategories-race,class,gender-bywhichsomeofherlatestcriticsorganizeexperience.“Myinterestliesinwhatmakesamanorwomandosuch-and-so,regardlessof…color.”

1.Thepassageprimarilyconveystheauthor’s（

）.

2.Inline2,“temper”mostnearlymeans

（

）.

3.Hurstoncriticize“somewriters”(lines6-8)for

（

）.

4.Thesentencebeginning“shewassometimes...”(lines9-11)servesprimarilyto

（

）.

5.Intheunderlinedlines22-23(“she...blame”)，theauthormostdirectlyimpliesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.enthusiasmaboutHurston’ssocialactivism

B.amusementatthosewhomisunderstandHurston’sviews

C.skepticismaboutHuston’spermanenceasaliteraryicon

D.appreciationforHurston’sliterarytalents

问题2选项

A.courage

B.composure

C.mood

D.resiliency

问题3选项

A.relyingontheappealofpopularthemes

B.abandoningtheirwritingwhentheyencounterdifficultiesingettingpublished

C.shirkingpatrioticdutiesduringtimesofpersonalhardship

D.beingunwillingtowritewhatthepublicmostwantstoread

问题4选项

A.noteanexceptiontotheclaimmadeintheprevioussentence

B.provideanexampleofHurston'seffectiveuseofpoeticlanguage

C.emphasizetheauthor’scentralargumentaboutHurston’sstyle

D.revealalittle-knownaccomplishmentofHurston’s

问题5选项

A.thecharactersinHurston'sfictionwereoftenmorecontroversialthattheirreal-lifecounterparts

B.toomuchshouldnotbemadeofHurston'schoiceofwhomtowriteabout

C.Hurstonfeltcompelledtoapologizeforwritingaboutwhatwasmostinterestingtoher

D.Hurston’speerscouldnotidentifywithhercharacters

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.考察作者意图。文章第一段第三句HurstonbelongsamongtheAmericanclassicsnotbecauseofherpoliticsbutbecauseofherlanguage提到Hurston成为美国经典不是因为她的政治地位而是她的文字，可以看出作者对Hurston的文学才能是表示赞赏的，选项D符合题意。

2.考察词义。文章第一段第一句AslongasHurstonremainssusceptibletowhatareessentiallypoliticaljudgments,herliteraryfortuneswillcontinuetofluctuatewiththetemperofthetimes.提到Hurston的文学命运随着时代的“脾气”不断的起伏。选项C中的mood与之相近，符合题意。

3.考察细节事实。文章第一段Somewriters,Hurstoncharged,thinkthereisbraveryinwritingforthose“whowanttohearthesamethingoverandoveragaineventhoughtheyalreadyknowitbyheartItisthesamethingaswavingtheflaginapoorlyconstructedplay.”提到Hurston认为有些作家写的内容都是陈词滥调，过分迎合大众的口味，没有新意。选项A符合题意。

4.考察判断推理。文章第二段第二句Shewassometimesoutoftune,aswhenshetriedtodevisemetaphorsthatwereself-consciouslyliterary(thereisabasininthemindwherewordsfloataround)提到了Hurston的写作风格，喜欢用暗喻的手法，选项C符合题意。

5.考察判断推理。文章最后一段第二句话ShehappenedtoknowbesthowtoexemplifythisthemebywritingaboutthelivesofBlackwomenintheAmericanSouth,whichinitselfiscauseforneitherpraisenorblame提到Hurston碰巧最懂得如何通过描写美国南部黑人妇女的生活来例证这一主题，而这本身既不值得赞扬，也不应该受到指责。由此可知作者认为没有必要将注意力过多放在Hurston写的人物身上。选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

Dozensofscientificgroupsallovertheworldhavebeen（）thegoalofapracticalandeconomicalwaytousesunlighttosplitwatermolecules.

问题1选项

A.pursuing

B.chasing

C.reaching

D.winning

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。pursue“追求；从事”；chase“追赶”；reach“到达”；win“赢得”。根据havebeen可知后面接一个表持续状态的动词，以及宾语为goal，可知选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

Canyougivemeanotherhintwithout______theanswer?

问题1选项

A.givingoff

B.givingaway

C.givingup

D.givingin

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项givingoff“发出”；B选项givingaway“泄露”；C选项givingup“放弃”；D选项givingin“屈服”。句意：你能在不告诉我答案的情况下再给我一个提示吗？本句表示泄露答案。因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

Thereisnothinginhis_______thatsuggestsheiscontentedwithhislife.

问题1选项

A.demeanor

B.stature

C.resonance

D.fidelity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。demeanor“行为，举止”；stature“身高，身材”；resonance“共鸣”；fidelity“忠诚”。句意：没有任何行为可以表明他对妻子感到满意。选项A符合题意。

16.翻译题

Pollutionisaproblembecausemaninanincreasinglypopulatedandindustrializedworldisupsettingtheenvironmentinwhichhelives.Manyscientistsmaintainthatoneofman’sgreatesterrorshasbeentoequategrowthwithadvancement.Now“growth”industriesarebeinglookedonwithsuspicionincasetheirsideeffectsdamagetheenvironmentanddisrupttherelationshipofdifferentformsoflife.Thegrowingpopulationmakesincreasingdemandsontheworld’sfixedsupplyofairwaterandland.Thisriseinpopulationisaccompaniedbythedesireofmoreandmorepeopleforabetterstandardofliving,inaneverincreasingamountofwastematerialtobedisposedof.Theproblemhasbeencausingincreasingconcerntolivingthingsandtheirenvironment.Manybelievethatmanisnotsolvingtheseproblemsquicklyenoughandthathisselfishpursuitofpossessionstakeshimpastthepointofnoreturnbeforehefullyrealizesthedamage.

【答案】污染是一个问题，因为在一个人口日益增长和工业化的世界里，人类正在破坏他所生活的环境。许多科学家坚持认为人类最大的错误之一就是把发展与进步等同起来。现在人们对成长型产业持怀疑态度，担心它们的副作用会破坏环境，破坏不同生命形式之间的关系。不断增长的人口对世界上固定的空气、水和土地的供应提出了越来越高的要求。随着人口的增长，越来越多的人要求更高的生活水平，他们需要处理越来越多的垃圾。这一问题已引起人们对生物及其环境的日益关注。许多人认为，人类没有足够快地解决这些问题，他对财产的自私追求使他在完全意识到损害之前就已经到了不可挽回的地步。

17.单选题

Inindividualisticcultures,peopleputemphasisonself-interests,andtendtohaveemotionaldetachmentfromtheirin-group.

问题1选项

A.concern

B.disinterestedness

C.dedication

D.fondness

【答案】B

【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项concern“关心；忧虑”；B选项disinterestedness“漠不关心，不感兴趣”；C选项dedication“奉献；献身”；D选项fondness“喜爱”。句意：在个人主义文化中，人们强调自身利益，往往在情感上____于自己的群体。由“个人主义”可知，人们往往强调自身利益，忽视集体利益，只有B选项与原文情感基调一致，符合题意。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

18.单选题

Experiencedbaseballfielderscantellhowfaraballisgoingtotraveljustbylisteningtothecrackofthebat.Iftheydidn't,theywouldn'tstandachanceofcatchingit,claimsaphysicistinNewYork.

“Whenabaseballishitstraightatanoutfielder,hecannotquicklyjudgetheangleofthescentandthedistancetheballwilltravel,”saysRobertAdair,aphysicistatYaleUniversity.Ifhereliedpurelyuponvisualinformation,thefielderwouldhavetowaitforaboutone-and-a-halfsecondsbeforehecouldtellaccuratelyifthepitcherhittheballlongorshort.Bythistimetheballmayhavetraveledtoofarforhimtoreachitintime.

Tostandafightingchanceofcatchingit,accordingtoAdair,fieldersmustlistentothesoundtheballhittingthebattojudgehowfaritwilltravel.Thereisanecdotalevidencetosupportthis,hesays.AformercentrefieldertoldAdair:“IfIheardacrackIranout,ifIheardaclu