考研考博-英语-徐州幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-徐州幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thisisan____pieceofworkofart,verifiedbyseveralprominentartconnoisseurs.

问题1选项

A.angular

B.ambitious

C.authentic

D.almighty

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.angular有棱角的；有尖角的B.ambitious费力的；耗资的；耗时的

C.authentic真品的D.almighty全能的

【答案】C

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】原句中，该词修饰的是艺术作品，根据后文“经几位著名的艺术鉴赏家证实”推测，该句表述的是该艺术作品是真品，C选项authentic“真品的”符合前后语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】这是一件经过几位著名艺术鉴赏家鉴定的真品。

2.单选题

Iknowofnootherqualitiesthanthinkingwhichmakesfortheperfectionofthemind（）italonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts.

问题1选项

A.incase

B.providingthat

C.forallthat

D.inasmuchas

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。incase“以防”；providingthat“假如”；forallthat“尽管”；inasmuchas“因为”。句意：我想没有比思考更能完善人的思想的了，因为它让我们成为人类，与其他动物区分开来。选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

Theshort,smilingmanwhointroducehimselfasthemanagerdeniedthatwehadpaidmorethanotherpeople,thoughhedidadmitthatwehadbeenputina“special”room.

问题1选项

A.whointroducehimself

B.asthemanagerdenied

C.didadmit

D.hadbeenput

E.没有错误

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。时态错误。introduce改为introduced。谓语动词为denied,是一般过去时,因此A项定语从句中的动词Introduce也应该用过去式。

4.单选题

Byastrange____,bothcandidateshavecomeupwiththesamesolutiontotheproblem.

问题1选项

A.coincidence

B.encounter

C.chance

D.overlap

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.coincidence巧合，同时发生B.encounter偶然遇见

C.chance意外，偶然，运气D.overlap重叠

【考查点】语义衔接与名词辨析

【解题思路】后文提到“两位候选人都提出了相同的解决方案”，这是一种巧合，并且该词受strange“奇怪的”修饰，因此A选项coincidence“巧合”符合原文语义。

【干扰项排除】

B选项encounter“偶然遇见”，指意外、突然或暴力的会面；

C选项chance“意外”，与strange“奇怪的”不搭；

D选项overlap“重叠”，指一个物体的一部分与另一个物体的一部分占据相同的区域。

【句意】一个奇怪的巧合，两位候选人都提出了相同的解决方案。

5.单选题

Satellitecommunicationsaresoup-to-datethatevenwhen（

）inthemiddleofthePacific,businessmancancontacttheirofficesasiftheywerenextdoor.

问题1选项

A.gliding

B.cruising

C.piloting

D.patrolling

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词（ing形式）词义辨析。Gliding“滑动，掠过”；cruising“航行（海上）”；piloting“航行（空中）”；patrolling“巡逻，巡查”。句意：卫星通讯是如此与时俱进以致于商人们即使在太平洋上航行都可以与办公室职员联系，就如同他们就在隔壁。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Morethanadecadeago,cognitivescientistsJohnBransfordandDanielSchwartz,boththenatVanderbiltUniversity,foundthatwhatdistinguishedyoungadultsfromchildrenwasnottheabilitytoretainfactsorapplypriorknowledgetoanewsituationbutaqualitytheycalledpreparationforfuturelearning.Theresearchersaskedfifthgradersandcollegestudentstocreatearecoveryplantoprotectbaldeaglesfromextinction.Shockingly,thetwogroupscameupwithplansofsimilarquality(althoughthecollegestudentshadbetterspellingskills).Fromthestandpointofatraditionaleducator,thisoutcomeindicatedthatschoolinghadfailedtohelpstudentsthinkaboutecosystemandextinction,majorscientificideas.

Theresearchersdecidedtogodeeper,however.Theyaskedbothgroupstogeneratequestionsaboutimportantissuesneededtocreaterecoveryplans.Onthistask,theyfoundeaglesandtheirhabitats.Fifthgraderstendedtofocusonfeaturesofindividualeagles(“Howbigarethey?''and'"Whatdotheyeat?’’).Thecollegestudentshadcultivatedtheabilitytoaskquestions,thecornerstoneofcriticalthinking.Theyhadlearnedhowtolearn.

Museumsandotherinstitutionsofinformallearningmaybebettersuitedtoteachthisskillthanelementaryandsecondaryschools.AttheExploratoriuminSanFrancisco,werecentlystudiedlearningtoaskgoodquestionscanaffectthequalityofpeople’sscientificinquiry.Wefoundthatwetaughtparticipantstoask“Whatif?”and“Howcan?’’questionsthatnobodypresentwouldknowtheanswertoandthatwouldsparkexploration,theyengagedinbetterinquiryatthenextexhibit—askingmorequestions,performingmoreexperimentsandmakingbetterinterpretationsoftheirresults.Specifically,theirquestionsbecamemorecomprehensiveatthenewexhibit.Ratherthanmerelyaskingaboutsomethingtheywantedtotry,theytendedtoincludebothcauseandeffectintheirquestion.Askingjuicyquestionsappearstobeatransferableskillfordeepeningcollaborativeinquiryintothesciencecontentfoundinexhibits.

Thistypeoflearningisnotconfinedtomuseumsorinstitutionalsettings.Informallearningenvironmentstoleratefailurebetterthanschools.Perhapsmanyteachershavetoolittletimetoallowstudentstoformandpursuetheirownquestionsandtoomuchgroundtocoverinthecurriculum.Butpeoplemustacquirethisskillsomewhere.Oursocietydependsonthembeingabletomakecriticaldecisionsabouttheirownmedicaltreatment,say,orwhatwemustdoaboutglobalenergyneedsanddemands.Forthat,wehavearobustinformallearningsystemthatgivesnogrades,takesallcomers,andisavailableevenonholidaysandweekends.

1.Whatistraditionaleducators’interpretationoftheresearchoutcomementionedinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inwhatwayarecollegestudentsdifferentfromchildren?

3.Whatisthebenefitofaskingquestionswithnoreadyanswers?

4.Whatissaidtobetheadvantageofinformallearning?

5.Whatdoestheauthorseemtoencourageeducatorstodoattheendofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Studentsarenotabletoapplypriorknowledgetonewproblems

B.Collegestudentsarenobetterthanfifthgradersinmemorizingfacts.

C.Educationhasnotpaidenoughattentiontomajorenvironmentissues

D.Educationhasfailedtoleadstudentstothinkaboutmajorscientificideas

问题2选项

A.Theyhavelearnedtothinkcritically.

B.Theyareconcernedaboutsocialissues.

C.Theyarecuriousaboutspecificfeatures

D.Theyhavelearnedtoworkindependently

问题3选项

A.Itarousesstudents'interestinthingsaroundthem

B.Itcultivatesstudents'abilitytomakescientificinquiries

C.Ittrainsstudents'abilitytodesignscientificexperiments

D.Ithelpsstudentsrealizenoteveryquestionhasananswer

问题4选项

A.Itallowsforfailures

B.Itchargesnotuition

C.Itisentertaining

D.Itmeetspracticalneeds

问题5选项

A.Trainstudentstothinkaboutglobalissues

B.Designmoreinteractiveclassroomactivities

C.Makefulluseofinformallearningresources

D.Includecollaborativeinquiryinthecurriculum.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“traditionaleducator”定位到第一段最后一句“Fromthestandpointofatraditionaleducator,thisoutcomeindicatedthatschoolinghadfailedtohelpstudentsthinkaboutecosystemandextinction,majorscientificideas.”从传统教育家的立场来看，这一结果表明，学校教育未能帮助学生思考生态系统和灭绝，这是主要的科学思想。也就是说，教育未能引导学生思考主要的科学思想。选项D符合原文。

2.判断推理题。根据第一段第一句“JohnBransford和DanielSchwartz发现，区分年轻人和儿童的不在于他们是否能够记住事实或将之前的知识应用到新环境中，而在于他们称之为为未来学习做准备的素质。”再根据第二段最后一句“Thecollegestudentshadcultivatedtheabilitytoaskquestions,thecornerstoneofcriticalthinking.Theyhadlearnedhowtolearn.大学生培养了问问题的能力，这是批判性思维的基石。他们学会了如何学习。”选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段第三句“toask“Whatif?”and“Howcan?”questionsthatnobodypresentwouldknowtheanswertoandthatwouldsparkexploration.问“如果……会怎样?”和“怎么可能?”等一些没有人知道答案的问题，将会引发探索。”所以选项B“培养学生科学探究的能力”符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“Informallearningenvironmentstoleratefailurebetterthanschools.”非正式的学习环境比学校更能容忍失败。选项A符合原文。

5.判断推理题。根据最后一段最后两句“我们的社会依赖于他们能够对自己的医疗做出关键性的决定，或者说我们必须为全球能源需求做些什么。为此，我们有一个强大的非正式学习系统，不打分，适用于所有人群，甚至在节假日和周末也可以使用。”也就是说，作者建议教育者们充分利用非正式学习系统的资源。选项C符合原文。

7.单选题

Wemust（）thattheprocedureisfollowedasrigidlyaspossible.

问题1选项

A.secure

B.ensure

C.assure

D.issue

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我们必须确保这个程序尽可能被严格遵循。

考查动词辨析。secure保护，弄到；ensure保证，确保，使安全；assure保证，担保，使确信（侧重指消除某人思想上的怀疑或担心）；issue发布。因此B符合句意。

8.单选题

AccordingtoScottAdams,creatorofthecomicstrip（系列漫画）Dilbert,theannualperformancereviewis“oneofthemostfrighteningandweakeningexperiences”ineveryemployee’slife.Adams’storiesandcomicfigurespokefunattheworkplace,buthischaracterizationofpeople’sfeelingsabouttheannualperformancereviewhasitsseriousside.Althougharecentstudyof437companiesindicatesthateffectiveannualperformancereviewscanhelpraiseprofits,mostemployeesofthosecompanieshatethem.

Intheory,annualperformancereviewsareconstructiveandpositiveinteractionsbetweenmanagersandemployeesworkingtogethertoattainmaximumperformanceandstrengthentheorganization.Inreality,theyoftencreatedivision,underminemorale,andsparkangerandjealousy.Thusalthoughtheobjectoftheannualperformancereviewistoimproveperformance,itoftenhastheoppositeresult.AprogrammeratanITfirmwasstunnedtolearnatherannualperformancereviewthatshewasdeniedapromotionbecauseshewasn’ta“termplayer”.Whatwerethedatausedtomakethisjudgment?Shedidn’tsmileinthecompanyphoto.

AlthoughthisstorymightsoundasifitcamestraightoutofDilbert,itisatrueaccountofonewoman’sexperience.Byfollowingafewideasandguidelinesfromindustryanalysis,thiskindofordealcanbeavoided:

Toendtheyearwithapositiveandusefulperformancereview,managersandemployeesmuststarttheyearbyworkingtogethertoestablishcleargoalsandexpectations.

Itmaybehelpfultoallowemployeestoproposealistofpeopleassociatedwiththecompanywhowillbeinagoodpositiontoassesstheirperformanceattheendoftheyear;thesepeoplemaybeco¬workers,suppliers,orevencustomers.

Goalsshouldbemeasurablebutflexible,andeveryoneshouldsignoffontheplan.

Bycheckingemployees’progressataboutninemonths,managerscangivethemachancetocorrectmistakesandprovideguidancetothosewhoneeditbeforetheyearisout.

Whenconductingthereview,managersshouldhighlightstrengthsandweaknessesduringthepastyearanddiscussfutureresponsibilities,avoidingpunishmentorblame.

Inshort,whenemployeesleavetheirperformancereviews,theyshouldbefocusingonwhattheycandobetterintheyearahead,notworryingaboutwhatwentintotheirfilesaboutthepast.

1.InhiscomicstripDilbert,ScottAdams（）.

2.AllthefollowingarementionedasthedrawbacksofannualperformancereviewsEXCEPT（）

3.Theword"ordeal"inParagraph3probablyrefersto（）.

4.Theannualperformancereviews,tobeeffectivemustfocuson（）.

5.ThegeneralattitudeoftheauthortowardAdam'scomicstripDilbertis（）.

问题1选项

A.makesfunofworkingpeople

B.tellsastoryaboutaswomanemployee

C.promotesteamspiritamongco-workers

D.mocksannualperformancereviews

问题2选项

A.reducingefficiency

B.creatingtension

C.underminingmorale

D.inducinganger

问题3选项

A.likelihoodofpromotion

B.depressiveexperience

C.poorperformance

D.unrealisticexpectation

问题4选项

A.makingemployeesawareoftheircompany'sfuturegoals

B.involvingemployeesinassessingtheirownperformance

C.encouragingemployeestoachievebetterfutureperformance

D.highlightingwhatresponsibilitiesemployeeshavefailedin

问题5选项

A.negative

B.positive

C.neutral

D.unclear

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节推理题。根据关键词“ScottAdams”定位到第一段的第二句。“Adams'storiesandcomicfigures...theannualperformancereviewhasitsseriousside.”Adams的故事和喜剧形象嘲讽了工作场合，但对员工关于年度绩效评估感受的描绘也有其严肃的一面。选项D符合原文。

2.细节判断题。根据第二段第二句“Inreality,theyoftencreatedivision,underminemorale,andsparkangerandjealousy.”只有选项A没有提及，所以本题选A。

3.结合上下文句意可知，“ordeal”指上文提到的IT公司一位女程序员的痛苦经历。选项B正确。

4.根据最后一段“whenemployeesleavetheirperformancereviews,theyshouldbefocusingonwhattheycandobetterintheyearahead.”当员工把绩效评估放在一旁时，他们应该关注来年能够更好的完成什么。选项C符合原文。

5.根据第一段可知，Adams的漫画嘲讽了工作场合，但对员工关于年度绩效评估感受的描绘也有其严肃的一面。再根据第二段可知，作者认为年度绩效评估会带来反作用，所以作者对Adams漫画的态度是积极的，支持的。

9.单选题

Heraisedhiseyebrowsandstuckhisheadforwardand（）itinasinglenod,agestureboysusedthenforOK.whentheywerepleased.

问题1选项

A.shrugged

B.tugged

C.jerked

D.twisted

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。shrugged“耸肩”；tugged“用力拉，迅速地穿衣服”；jerked“猛拉”；twisted“扭动”。句意：他扬起眉毛，把头向前探了一探，猛地点头，这是男孩子们开心时表示“好”的动作。C项符合题意。

10.单选题

Asthecoreofthemanagementboard,hecanalwayscomeupwith____ideastopromotethecorporation’smarketingstrategies.

问题1选项

A.integral

B.instinctive

C.intangible

D.ingenious

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.integral不可或缺的B.instinctive本能的

C.intangible难以理解的D.ingenious巧妙的

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】空格处所填词修饰的是“主意（ideas）”，前文提到他是“管理委员会的核心”，后文提到这些主意“推动公司的营销战略”。由此推测，该词首先要能形容“主意”，并且这种主意有利于推动公司的营销，因此，D选项ingenious“巧妙的”符合原文语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】

A选项integral“不可或缺的”，可支持的语义不够，能够推动企业的营销并不能说明是“不可或缺”；

B选项instinctive“本能的”，不符合原文语义衔接；

C选项intangible“难以理解的”，不符合原文语义衔接。

【句意】作为管理委员会的核心，他总能想出巧妙的点子来推动公司的营销战略。

11.单选题

Thenaturaldisastershaveimmeasurably（）thesocialandeconomicdevelopmentofourcountry.

问题1选项

A.impressed

B.affected

C.effected

D.interfered

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。impress“给予某人深刻印象”；affect“影响；感染；”;effect“产生;达到目的”；interfere“冲突;介入”。句意：自然灾害会对我们国家的社会和经济产生不可估量的影响。由naturaldisasters可推知自然灾害会对经济和社会产生影响。故B项正确。

12.单选题

Nobodyisabletoexplainthe______ofthiscommonly-usedexpression.

问题1选项

A.beginning

B.starting-point

C.foundation

D.origin

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项beginning“（事情或过程的）的开始”；B选项starting-point“（讨论或过程的）起点；（旅行的)出发点”；C选项foundation“基础”；D选项origin“起源”。句意：没有人能解释这个常用表达的________。根据语境，这里指没有人能解释这个常用表达是哪里来的，所以origin“起源”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

Opponentsofaffirmativeactionsaythebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsishardlyover,despitetheSupremeCourt’srulingMondayupholdingthegoalofadiversestudentbody.Highereducationleadersoverwhelminglyhailedthedecision,sayingitreaffirmedpoliciesusedbymostselectivecollegesanduniversities.Butsomecriticsraisedthepossibilityofmorelawsuits,andpromisedtocontinuepressuringtheDepartmentofEducation’sOfficeofCivilRightstoinvestigatequestionablepolicies.“We’retalkingaboutadmissionsprograms,scholarships,anyprogram,onlyforminoritiesorinwhichthestandardsusedtojudgeadmissionsaresubstantiallydifferent.”saysLindaChavez,founderandpresidentoftheCenterforEqualOpportunity,aconservativenon-profitgroup.

Otherssaythey'lltaketheircasetovoters.“Wehavetoseriouslycontestallthisattheballotbox.”SaysUniversityofCaliforniaregentWardCannerly,whohelpedwinvoterapprovalofCalifornia'sProposition209,whichprohibitsconsideringraceorgenderinpubliceducation,hiringandcontracting.Becauseofthatlaw,Monday’srulinghadnopracticalimpactinthestate.“Itmaybetimeforusto...letthe(Michigan)votersdecideiftheywanttouseraceasafactorinadmissions.”ConnerlysaidMonday.

Meanwhile,U.S.EducationSecretaryRodPaige,consistentwithPresidentBush'sstanceopposingaffirmativeaction,saidtheDepartmentofEducationwill“continueexaminingandhighlightingeffectiverace-neutralapproachestoensurebroadaccesstoanddiversitywithinourpublicinstitutions.”EvenSupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connor,inoneoftheopinions,recommendedthatstateslookforsessionsinrace-neutralprogramsbeingtriedinCaliforniaandelsewhere.Whiletherulingsaidadmissionsofficialsmayconsiderraceintheselectionprocess,collegesanduniversitiesarenotobligatedtodoso.“Ultimatelyinthedebate,diversityisachoice,notalegalmandate,’’saysArthurColeman,aformerDepartmentofEducationofficialwhonowhelpscollegesanduniversitiesensureconstitutionalpolicies.

Thepublic,too,remainsconflicted,largelyalongraciallines.AccordingtoaJanuarypollbythenon-profitresearchorganizationPublicAgenda,79%ofAmericanssaiditisimportantforcollegestohavearaciallydiversestudentbody,whilejust54%saidaffirmativeactionprogramsshouldcontinue.InaGalluppollconducteddaysbeforetheruling,49%ofadultssaidtheyfavoraffirmativeactionand43%didnot,withblacksandHispanicsfarmorelikelytofavorthepracticethanwhites.AndsomeeducatorsdoubtthatwithMonday’sruling,thoseopposingaffirmativeactionwillchangetheirminds.

Fornow,admissionsofficialsanduniversitylawyersareporingovertherulingtodeterminehoworwhethertoadjustpolicies.Whilemosttendtobeclosed-mouthedaboutadmissionspolicies,maysaytheydon’texpectsignificantchanges.

1.Whatthecriticssaidinthefirstparagraphamountstotheideathat（

）

2.ConnerlyinsiststhattheCourt'srulingshould（

）.

3.WhatistheattitudeoftheDepartmentofEducationtowardsaffirmativeaction?

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutaffirmativeactionaccordingtothetext?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatoneofthemajorobjectivesofaffirmativeactionisto（

）

问题1选项

A.noadmissionpoliciesbasedonraceshouldbeimplemented.

B.minorityapplicantsbasedonraceshouldbeimplemented.

C.differentstandardsforadmittingminoritystudentsshouldbesetup.

D.selectivecollegesanduniversitiesshouldbepunishedfortheirdiscriminatorypolicies.

问题2选项

A.winapprovalfromCalifornianvotersbeforeitisputineffect.

B.becontestedbytheMichiganvoterswithanopinionpoll.

C.beappliedinsomestatesbeforeitisextendedtootherstates.

D.producetheintendedpracticaleffectbeforeitiswidelyaccepted.

问题3选项

A.Neutrality

B.Objection

C.Approval

D.Indifference

问题4选项

A.Avastmajorityofpeoplesupportit.

B.Theminoritiesclaimittobeadiscriminatorypolicy.

C.Theminoritystudentsaremorelikelytowelcomeit.

D.TheCourt’sdecisionwillcertainlychangepeople’sattitudetoit.

问题5选项

A.ensurerace-neutralprogramsaresetupincollegesanduniversities.

B.adapttheSupremeCourt’srulingtocollegesituations.

C.formulatetherightpoliciesforcollegeadmissions.

D.discouragethepracticeofracialdiscriminationincollegeadmissions.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节题。第一段：Butsomecriticsraisedthepossibilityofmorelawsuits,andpromisedtocontinuepressuringtheDepartmentofEducation’sOfficeofCivilRightstoinvestigatequestionablepolicies(反对者们提出了更多诉讼的可能性，并承诺继续向教育部民权办公室施压，要求其调查可疑的招生政策)。故选A(不应实施偏向少数民族的入学政策)。

2.细节题。定位至第二段Connerly所说:Itmaybetimeforusto...letthe(Michigan)votersdecideiftheywanttouseraceasafactorinadmissions(我们也许应该让密歇根州的选民们来决定他们是否赞同将种族当做录取因素)。故选B。

3.推断题。根据题干关键词DepartmentofEducation定位至第三段:U.S.EducationSecretaryRodPaige,consistentwithPresidentBush’sstanceopposingaffirmativeaction,saidtheDepartmentofEducationwill“continueexaminingandhighlightingeffectiverace-neutralapproachestoensurebroadaccesstoanddiversitywithinourpublicinstitutions(与布什总统反对赞助性行动的立场(stance)一致，美国教育部长Paige说，教育部将“继续审查并强调有效的种族中立政策，确保公立大学(publicinstitution)招收学生的广泛代表性和多样化)。故选B。

4.细节题。第四段指出:InaGalluppollconducteddaysbeforetheruling,49%ofadultssaidtheyfavoraffirmativeactionand43%didnot,withblacksandHispanicsfarmorelikelytofavorthepracticethanwhites(在判决前几天进行的民意测验中，49%的成年人说他们赞成赞助性行动，43%的人不赞成，黑人和拉美裔比白人更倾向于这种做法)。故选C。

5.推断题。支持赞助性行动的人则是担心录取过程会出现种族歧视，因此才要求大学保证招收一定比例的少数民族学生。因此推断他们希望赞助性行为可以减少大学入学时的种族歧视。

14.单选题

Thegovernmentofficialsestimatethatthewarhascreatedmorethanhalfamillion（

）whoneedimmediatefood,clothingandshelter.

问题1选项

A.exiles

B.hostages

C.survivors

D.refugees

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项exile“放逐，流放”；B选项hostage“人质，抵押品”；C选项survivor“幸存者”；D选项refugee“难民，逃亡者”。句意：政府官员估计，战争导致50多万难民急需食物、衣服和住所。选项D符合句意。

15.写作题

Writealettertoyouruniversitylibrary,makingsuggestionsforimprovingitsservice.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEETII.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.

【答案】DearSirorMadam:

Thepurposeofthisletteristomakesomesuggestionsforimprovingtheserviceofouruniversitylibrary.IthasdevelopedverywelloverthelastfewyearsinprovidingaccesstocomputersandCDROM’s,printingfacilities,andfreeonlineaccess.However,ourlibrarywillbecomebetterifitcanmakesomeprogressonfollowingmeasures.

Firstofall,thestaffmembersofthelibraryarenotashospitableasexpected.Someofthemevenkeepastonefaceinfrontofthestudents.Furthermore,thestudyingroomshouldprovidemoreseats,becauseitisnotspaciousenoughandIalwayshavetospendalongtimetofindmyselfaseat.Lastbutnotleast,mostundergraduatestudentscomplainthattheycanonlyborrowtwoitemsforatime.Thefiguresshouldbeincreasedtoatleastfiveduetostudyingneeds.

Isincerelywishthatmyadvicewouldbetakenintofullaccount.Yourearlyreplyisappreciated.

YoursSincerely,16.单选题

Theboywasso（

）inthegamethathedidn’tnoticehermotherstandingbehindhim.

问题1选项

A.attracted

B.suffocated

C.immersed

D.submerged

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项attracted“被吸引的”；B选项suffocated“感到压制；感到束缚”；C选项immersed“专心于，沉浸在”；D选项submerged“浸没在水下的”。填入形容词做表语，由so...that...句型中that引导的结果状语从句的信息可知immersed(in)“专心于，沉浸在”符合题意，句意为：这个男孩专心看比赛，没有注意到她的母亲站在他身后。故答案选C。

17.单选题

Withordersandcounter-orders,andwithpressuremountingonallsides,thequestionofwherehewastogoagain（）.

问题1选项

A.hascometothefore

B.cametothefore

C.hadcometothefore

D.cametothespotlight

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。cometothefore“出现”。题中的句子只是一个普通的过去陈述句，所以选B。D选项“出现在聚光灯下”，不符合文章内容，可排除。句意：由于汇票、还盘以及各方面的压力的攀升，他要去哪里的问题又……出来了。因此B选项正确。

18.单选题

In2005,PresidentBushputhispoliticalcapitalwherehismouthwas,andlost.Hewentall-outto()CongressandtheAmericanpeoplethatprivatizingSocialSecuritywouldbegoodandnecessary.

问题1选项

A.argue

B.concede

C.convince

D.confess

【答案】C

【解析】句意：2005年，布什总统把他的政治资本一直挂在嘴边，结果失败了。他竭尽全力让国会和美国人民相信，将社会保障私有化是好的也是必要的。argue争论、证明；concede允许，承认；convince说服，使确信；confess供认，忏悔。选项C符合句意。

19.单选题

TheterroristattacksinLondonThursdayservedasastunningreminderthatintoday’sworld,youneverknowwhatyoumightseewhenyoupickupthenewspaperorturnontheTV.Disturbingimagesofterrorcantriggeraninstinctiveresponsenomatterhowcloseorfarawayfromhometheventhappened.

Throughouthistory,everymilitaryconflicthasinvolvedpsychologicalwarfareinonewayoranotherastheenemysoughttobreakthemoralsoftheiropponent.Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.

Whetherit’samassiveattackorasinglehorrificact,theeffectsofpsychologicalwarfarearen'tlimitedtothephysicaldamageinflicted.Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.

Therefore,theimpactofpsychologicalterrordependslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicizedandinterpreted.Butthatalsomeanstherearewaystodefendyourselfandyourlovedonesbyputtingthesefearsintoperspectiveandprotectingyourchildrenfromhorrificimages.

WhatIsPsychologicalTerror?“Theuseofterrorismasatacticisbaseduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisdisproportionatewiththeactualthreat.”saysMiddleEasternhistorianRichardBullietofColumbiaUniversity.“Everytimeyouhaveanactofviolence,publicizingthatviolentbecomesanimportantpartoftheactitself.”

“Therearevariouswaystohaveyourimpact.Youcanhaveyourimpactbythemagnitudeofwhatyoudo,bythesymboliccharacteroftarget,orthehorrificqualityofwhatyoudotoasingleperson,”BulliettellsWebMD.“Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.”Forexample,BullietsaystheIranianhostagecrisis,whichbeganin1979andlastedfor444days,wasactuallyoneofthemostharmlessthingsthathappenedintheMiddleEastinthelast25years.AlloftheU.S.hostageswereeventuallyreleasedunharmed,buttheeventremainsapsychologicalscarformanyAmericanswhowatchedhelplesslyaseachevening’snewscastcountedthedaysthehostageswerebeingheldcaptive.

Bullietsaysterroristsfrequentlyexploitimagesofagroupofmaskedindividualsexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptivestosendthemessagethattheactisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spowerratherthananindividualcriminalact.“Youdon’thavethenotionthatacertainpersonhastakenahostage.It’sanimageofgrouppower,andtheforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized,”saysBulliet.“Therandomnessandtheubiquity（无处不在）ofthethreatgivetheimpressionofvastlygreatercapacities.”

PsychiatristAnsarHaroun,whoservedintheU.S.ArmyReservesinthefirstGulfWarandmorerecentlyinAfghanistan,saysthatterroristgroupsoftenresorttopsychologicalwarfarebecauseit’stheonlytactictheyhaveavailabletothem.“Theydon’thaveM-16s,andwehaveM-16s.Theydon’thavethemightymilitarypowerthatwehave,andtheyonlyhaveaccesstothingslikekidnapping,”saysHaroun,whoisalsoaclinicalprofessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.

“Inpsychologicalwarfare,evenonebeheading（斩首）canhavethepsychologicalimpactthatmightbeassociatedwithkilling1.000oftheenemy,”HarountellsWebMD.“Youhaven’treallyharmedtheenemyverymuchbykillingonepersonontheotherside.Butintermsofinspiringfear,anxiety,terror,andmakingusallfeelbad,you’veachievedalotofdemoralization.”

1.Whathaschangedtherulesofpsychologicalwarfare?

2.Thegoalofpsychologicalwarfareisto（

）.

3.AccordingtoRichardBulliet,publicizinganactofviolencebecomesanimportantpartofterrorismitselfbecause

（

）.

4.TheIranianhostagecrisisshowsthat

（

）.

5.Inthispassagetheauthor（

）.

问题1选项

A.Terroristattacks.

B.Theincreaseofmilitaryconflicts.

C.Advancesinnuclearweapons.

D.Prosperityofthemedia.

问题2选项

A.changetheideologyoftheopponent

B.winabattlewithoutmilitaryattacks

C.generateagreatersenseoffear

D.bringaboutmorephysicaldamage

问题3选项

A.psychologicalterrorismisatactic

B.terrorismdependsonaclimateoffearratherthanontheactualthreat

C.theuseofterrorismistoinspirefearthatismoredestructivethantheactualthreat

D.publicizingtheviolencecanmakemorepeopleknowtheactualthreat

问题4选项

A.meansdetermineseffects

B.hostagecrisesareprevalent

C.psychologicalterrorsremainharmless

D.theAmericanmediaiseffective

问题5选项

A.emphasizesthegreatimpactofpsychologicalwarfare

B.criticizestheviolenceofterrorism

C.callsforanendtopsychologicalwarfare

D.opposesthehostagecrisis

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.（但由于科技的进步、互联网的普及和新闻报道的扩散，这种心理战的交战规则已经改变）可知D选项“媒体的繁荣”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseof