考研考博-英语-天津医科大学临床医学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津医科大学临床医学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Tosurvive,psychologicallyaswellasphysically,humanbeingmustinhabitaworldthatisrelativelyfreeofambiguityandreasonablypredictable.Somesortofstructuremustbeplacedupontheendlessprofusionofincomingsignals.Theinfant,bornintoaworldofflashing,hissing,movingimages,soonlearnstoadaptbyresolvingthischaosintotoysandtables,dogsandparents.Evenadultswhohavehadtheirvisionorhearingrestoredthroughsurgerydescribetheworldasafrighteningandsometimesunbearableexperience;onlyafterdaysofeffortaretheyabletotransformblurandnoiseintomeaningfulandthereforemanageableexperiences.

Itiscommonplacetotalkasiftheworld"has"meaning,toaskwhat"is"themeaningofaphrase,agesture,apainting,acontract.Yetwhenthoughtabout,itisclearthateventsaredevoidofmeaninguntilsomeoneassignsittothem.Thereisnoappropriateresponsetoaboworahandshake,ashoutorawhisper,untilitisinterpreted.Adropofwaterandthecolorredhavenomeaning,theysimplyexist.Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.

Peopleareneverpassivereceivers,merelyabsorbingeventsofobvioussignificance,butareactiveinassigningmeaningtosensation.Whatanyeventacquiredinthewayofmeaningappearstoreflectatransactionbetweenwhatistheretobeseenorheard,andwhattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.

Thediversityofreactionsthatcanbetriggeredbyasingleexperience-meetingastranger,negotiatingacontract,attendingatextileconferenceisimmense.Eachobserverisforcedtoseeitthroughhisowneyes,interpretitinthelightofhisownvalues,fitittotherequirementsofhisowncircumstances.Asaconsequence,everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.EachwillacceptsonicrelationsamongthefactsanddenyothersEachwillarriveatsomeconclusion,tentativeorcertain,asthesoundsandformsresolveintoa"temple"or"barn",a"compliment"or"insult".

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat（

）.

2.Inordertoassignmeaningtoanythingintheworld,oneneedsto

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisarticleisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.theworldisbewilderingtotheinfantandtotheadultalike.

B.surgerywillrestoreameaningfulworldtothosewhoundertakeit

C.anyresponsetotheworldwouldbeimpossibleifmeaningwerenotfirstassignedtoit

D.theworldwillbedevoidofmeaningifpeoplefailtounderstandthespecialincomingsignals

问题2选项

A.haveafullknowledgeofthestructureoftheworld

B.transformtheincomingsignals,withthehelpofpreviousexperiences,sothattheycanserveone'sownpurpose

C.differentiateincomingsignalsthatareofsignificanceandthosethatarenot

D.beendowedwithcreativeness

问题3选项

A.Onlyvisualimagescanbeassignedmeaning

B.Incomingsignalsexistforthepurposeofconveyingmeaningtopeople

C.Anindividualmighthavetoadapthimselftothediversifiedexperienceinthisworld

D.Peoplemayhavedifferentresponsestothesameincomingsignal.

问题4选项

A.illustratethedifferentperspectivespeoplemaytakeininterpretinganexperience

B.showthatmeaningisbutasubjectivematter

C.demonstratehowwecanassignmeaningtotheworld

D.arguethatoneneedstohavesomeinsighttounderstandtheworld

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由第二段最后一句“Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.人类感知的目的是使世界变得可理解，以便成功地管理世界;意义的归属是行动的前提和准备。”可知C项“如果世界没有提前被赋予具体意义，那么对于世界的任何反应都是不可能的”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。由第三段可知“whattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.这是解释者根据过去的经验和普遍的动机而得出的结论。因此，意义的归属始终是一个创造性的过程，通过这个过程，原始的感觉被转化为符合观察者的目标。”答案B

第3题:细节事实题。由第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.每个观察者从不同的角度来看待每一个对象和信息。每个人都会注意到一些特征而忽略其他的。”可知D项正确，答案D

第4题:主旨大意题。文章第一段就提到，世界必须被赋予具体的意义。以及第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.人们看待事物的视角和观点不同，那么赋予事物的含义也会不同。”可知整篇文章作者的写作目的是表明事物的含义都是人赋予的，是主观的东西。答案B

2.单选题

Thoughitwaslessattractive,Ralphknewthemetalboxwouldbemore（

）thanthewoodenbox.

问题1选项

A.terminal

B.durable

C.persistent

D.bearable

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项terminal“晚期的，末端的”；B选项durable“耐用的，持久的”；C选项persistent“执着的，持续的”；D选项bearable“可忍受的”。

句意：拉尔夫知道尽管金属盒子不那么吸引人，但会比木箱更耐用。选项B符合句意。

3.单选题

Hundredsoflocalresidentssigneda（）againstclosingtheswimming-pool.

问题1选项

A.petition

B.perceive

C.partition

D.participation

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析。句意：数百名当地居民签署了一份反对关闭游泳池的请愿书。因此选A。

4.单选题

（）elephantsaredifferentfromwildelephantsinmanyaspects,includingtheirtempers.

问题1选项

A.Cultivated

B.Regulated

C.Civil

D.Tame

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。cultivated“有教养的，栽培的”；regulated“约束，调节”；civil“有礼貌的”；tame“驯服的，乏味的”。句意：被驯服的大象与野生大象在许多方面有差异，包括性格。由wild可知此空应填与之意思相反的单词，故D项正确。

5.单选题

Please（）fromsmokinguntiltheaeroplaneisairborne.

问题1选项

A.refrain

B.prevent

C.resist

D.restrain

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。refrainfrom克制，抑制，忍住；preventfrom阻止，制止；resist一般与to搭配，意为“抵抗，反抗”；restrain的用法为restrainsb.fromdoingsth.,意为“阻止某人做某事”。这里指克制住抽烟的冲动，所以选项A符合语境。

6.单选题

Thehouseinwhichtheformerpresidentusedtoliveisreportedinthelocalnewspaper______inafiretwodaysago.

问题1选项

A.tobedestroyed

B.havingbeendestroyed

C.beingdestroyed

D.tohavebeendestroyed

【答案】B

【解析】考查时态。twodaysago表示“两天前”，应该用过去式；因对现在有所影响，故应为完成时；又因主语thehouse与谓语动词destroy构成被动关系；A项表示将来；C项表示正在进行；D项不符合语法。句意：据当地报纸报道，前任总统居住的房子两天前被大火烧毁。故正确答案为B。

7.单选题

Ididn’tmakeoutwhattheprofessormeansbecausehishandwritingisso（）.

问题1选项

A.eligible

B.illegible

C.Knowledgeable

D.vague

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。eligible合格的，合适的；illegible难辨认的，字迹模糊的；knowledgeable知识渊博的；vague模糊的，含糊的。由空格前的handwriting可知能修饰字迹的只有B项，故B项正确。

8.单选题

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,orderingandthetakingofcensusesallofwhichledtomodemdescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemodeminferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdata.Thesedatamaybeeitherquantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevelvariablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuumorthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.

Inferentialstatisticsinformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanmind.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithoutbreakfasthavebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild,theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurseofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,countinganddescribingareassociatedwith（

）.

2.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“mother”and“father”inthefirstparagraph?

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotgivenasanexampleofaqualitativevariable?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdescriptivestatisticsisbestsupportedbythepassage?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleofapopulation?

问题1选项

A.inferentialstatistics

B.descriptivestatistics

C.unknownvariables

D.qualitativechanges

问题2选项

A.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics

B.Tointroduceinferentialstatistics

C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables

D.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinhumorousandunderstandableway.

问题3选项

A.Gender

B.Height

C.Collegemajor

D.Typeofpersonality

问题4选项

A.Itsimplifiesunwieldymassesofdata.

B.Itleadstoincreasedvariability.

C.Itsolvesallnumericalproblems,

D.Itchangesqualitativevariablestoquantitativevariables

问题5选项

A.Tocomparedifferentgroups.

B.Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation.

C.Toconsiderallthequantitativevariables

D.Totabulatecollectionsofdata.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段...counting,measuring,describing.,allofwhichledtomodemdescriptivestatistics,计算、测量、描述都属于现化描述性统计学。确定B选项‘描述性统计学’正确。A选项‘推理统计学‘、C选项‘未知的变量’和D选项‘质的变化’不符合题意。

2.第一段中的mother和father说明了统计学的起源，同时表现出作者的幽默，所以正确答案为D选项‘以幽默易通的方式介绍统计学的背景’。A选项‘指出父母可以教孩子统计学’，完全不合文意。B选项‘介绍推理统计’，表达不完全。C选项‘说明有两种不同变量’表达不确切。

3.第二段提及了qualitativevariablessuchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytypes：性质变量，如性别、大学专业或性格类型。可见性质变量不包括height高度，所以B选项符合题意。

4.根据第二段最后一句话：Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.大量的数据在被理解之前通常必须经过一个概括或缩减的过程。描述性统计是一种工具，用于描述、概括或简化成可理解的形式，以形成大量数据的特性。确定描述统计学可以将宏大的数据简化成一种可以数据量的形式，所以A选项‘简化大量数据’正确。B选项‘导致变量的增加‘、C选项’解决所有数字的问题‘太绝对。D选项’将性质变量变为数量变量‘文中未提到。

5.根据文章最后一句Thus,thepurseofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.因此，推理统计学的目的是通过对一个群体中某一样本的特征的了解来预测或估计该群体的特征。确定B选项‘估计人的总体特点‘正确。

9.单选题

Thethreatofnucleardestructionseemstohavestimulatedthehumanmind’sdualistictendencies,theinclinationtodivideitsuniverseintoconflictingorcontrastingpairs.Thisdichotomizingqualitycanbeusefulifithelpsustostructureourperceptionofrealityandtoseetheworldmoresharply.Itcanalsobeemployedtostraitjacketordistortrealityandtodeepenconflictsbetweenhumangroupswithdifferingviewsorinterests.

Iwishtodiscussanotherkindofhumandichotomy,morefundamentalperhaps,withwhich,Ibelieve,wewillhavetocometotermsifplanetarysurvivalistobepossible.Itisadivisioninournaturesthatneedstobecomeanacknowledgedgroundofdiscourseforusall.Irefertothedivisionbetweenwhatmightbecharacterizedasthedarksideofourbeing—thehatefilled,destructiveelementthatdominatessomuchofourindividualandgrouplife—andthemoreloving,noblersideofourselves.Notwithstandingthefactthatmaniscapableofmuchgoodness,weare,inthedepthsofournatures,alsoprimitivebeasts,inclined,attimeswithlittleprovocation,toindulgeinsavagery,brutality,war,andvengeanceortocomplywillinglywiththosewhoprovideexamplesofsuchbehavior.

WilliamBroylesdescribesthedeepandintensepleasurethatheandothersoldiersinVietnamderivedfromkillinganddestroying.ThepoliticalcauseandhatredoftheenemydonotseemtohavebeenimportantforBroyles’soldiers.Broylesenumeratesthemanyelementswhichcontributetohowitcanbethatthoughtfulmenmaylovewarwhilehatingitatthesametime.Heincludescomradeship,thefreedomandescapefromeverydaybonds,thechancetotestone’sphysicalandemotionallimits,theseemingpoweroverlifeanddeath.Butmostimportantly,Broylessays,“Theloveofwarstemsfromtheunion,deepinthecoreofourbeing,betweensexanddestruction,beautyandhorror,loveanddeath.”

Psychoanalystsandothershavedocumentedthestrongassociationbetweenloveofviolence,ormurderoushatredinadultlife,andchildhoodoradolescenthurt,shame,andhumiliation.SalmanRushdie,inhispoliticalnovelShame,dramatizestheconnectioninbothindividualandcollectivelifebetweenwoundedprideandviolence.“Humiliatepeopleforlongenoughandawildnessburstsoutofthem,”Rushdiewrites.“ThepoweroftheBeastofShamecannotbeheldforlongwithinanyoneframeoffleshandblood,becauseitgrows,itfeedsandswells,untilthevesselbursts.”

Yetwhenitcomestowar-makingthereseemstobesomethingmoregeneral,moreuniversal,operating.RosemaryDaniell,inarecentarticle,tellsaboutaloverofhers,anarmysergeantshecalls“Zane”.Zane,likeBroyles’Vietnamsoldiers,likestokill.Butnowitis1982andZane,askydiverandparatrooper,istraining“youngmaggotshowtokill”.Zanedrillsboyswhoareforcedtoyell“kill”witheverystep.OneofhisT-shirtsbearstheGreenBeretmotto,“LivebyChance,LovebyChoice,KillbyPreference”.ButitisnotZane’sbrutality,ortheeroticismconnectedwithitforbothofthem,which,forDaniell,asforBroyles,ismostimportant.Rather,itisherowncapacityfordestruction,orforattachingherselftosomeoneelse’sevil.

Thecentralideahereisthatnoneofthisisunusual.Notfarbelowthesurfaceineachofusareimpulsesofhatredandviolencewhichcanbearousedwithaminimumofprovocation.Wemayneedonlyanopportunitytoavengesomerealorimaginedhurt,therightpoliticalormilitaryconditionsandsupportingideology,andaproperlydesignatedenemy,sothatwemayparticipate,activelyorpassively,inkillingwithoutresponsibilityorguilt.Ihavestressedthisdark,violentsideofournaturesbecauseIbelievemoreefforttounderstanditsroleinpoliticallife,especiallyintheconductofinternationalrelations,needstobeundertakenifwearetoordermoreeffectivelyourcollectivelife.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatpsychologicaleffectdoes“thethreatofnucleardestruction”have?

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhereferstothe“darkside”ofhumannature?

3.TheauthorusesBroylesandhistroopsasanexampletoshow（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whatistherelationshipbetweenadebasedindividualandthatindividual’spredispositionforviolence?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whatistherelationshipbetweenRosemaryandZane?

问题1选项

A.Theeffectsarerealbutlimited;theyshouldbedisregardedortreatedonacase-by-casebasis.

B.Theeffectsaremultifacetedandcanprovideamoredefinedviewofrealityormisrepresentrealityandcreatefurthersocialdivergence.

C.Theeffectscanbebothpositiveandnegative;ontheonehandcreatingglobalawarenessoftheissue,and,ontheotherhand,causingextremepsychosisinsomeindividuals.

D.Theeffectsaremostlydetrimental,bringingaboutsocialdishevelmentandanarchy.

问题2选项

A.Humansareinherentlyevilinnature.

B.Humansarenihilisticandthereforesavageandbrutaltowardsoneanother.

C.Humansareunpredictableandcannotbetrusted.

D.Humansareanimalisticdespiteourapparentcivility.

问题3选项

A.thedualismofhumannature

B.theresultsofpoliticalmotivation

C.theintensehatredthatcompelsamurderer

D.thehumaninfatuationwiththepowertocreateanddestroy

问题4选项

A.Degradinganindividualincreasesthatindividual’schancesofcommittingviolentacts.

B.Debasinganindividualleavestheindividualprostrate.

C.Shaminganindividualensuresthattheindividualwillgrowuptobeadelinquent.

D.Demoralizinganindividualinducescatatonia.

问题5选项

A.RosemaryisattractedtoZaneforhismasculinity.

B.Zane’sinfidelityiswhatdrawsRosemary’saffection.

C.RosemarylivesvicariouslythroughZane’sbrutality.

D.Zane,beinganavidkiller,appallsRosemary.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.事实细节题。由题干关键词“thethreatofnucleardestruction”定位到文章第一段，后两句中说到“ithelpsustostructureourperceptionofrealityandtoseetheworldmoresharply.Itcanalsobeemployedtostraitjacketordistortrealityandtodeepenconflictsbetweenhumangroupswithdifferingviewsorinterests”，由此可知，核毁灭的威胁帮助我们构成对现实的认知，让我们更敏锐地观察世界。它还可以用来约束或扭曲现实，加深不同观点或兴趣的人类群体之间的冲突。说明核毁灭带来的心理影响是多方面的，对比选项可知B选项符合文意。

第2题:2.作者意图题。由题干关键词定位到文章第二段第三句，但并未作出进一步说明，在下一句中作者说到“Notwithstandingthefactthatmaniscapableofmuchgoodness,weare,inthedepthsofournatures,alsoprimitivebeasts,inclined,attimeswithlittleprovocation,toindulgeinsavagery,brutality,war,andvengeanceortocomplywillinglywiththosewhoprovideexamplesofsuchbehavior”，尽管人类有能力做很多好事，但在我们的本性深处，我们也是原始的野兽，有时很少受到挑衅，倾向于沉迷于残暴、野蛮、战争和复仇，或心甘情愿地服从那些提供此类行为榜样的人。作者想表达的就是“人类的兽性”，因此D选项符合题意。

第3题:3.作者意图题。题干中关键词“Broylesandhistroops”出现在文章第三段，这是一个实例，理论依据还是在上一段。第二段中说到“Iwishtodiscussanotherkindofhumandichotomy…itisadivisioninournatures…”，作者想要讨论人类的另一种双重性，也就是人类本性的分歧。因此对比选项可知A选项正确。

第4题:4.判断推理题。文章第四段第一句就说到“Psychoanalystsandothershavedocumentedthestrongassociationbetweenloveofviolence,ormurderoushatredinadultlife,andchildhoodoradolescenthurt,shame,andhumiliation”，精神分析学家和其他人已经证明，成人生活中对暴力的热爱，或杀人的仇恨，与童年或青少年受到的伤害、羞耻和羞辱之间有着密切的联系。具体表现体现在下文中引用萨尔曼•拉什迪书中的一句“Humiliatepeopleforlongenoughandawildnessburstsoutofthem”，长时间地羞辱别人，他们就会爆发出野性。说明羞辱人会增加其实施暴力行为的可能性。A选项符合题意。

第5题:5.判断推理题。Rosemary和Zane出现在文章第五段中，文中说到“Zane…likestokill.Butnowitis1982andZane,askydiverandparatrooper,‘istraining“youngmaggotshowtokill’”，可知赞恩喜欢杀人。但现在是1982年，跳伞运动员兼伞兵赞恩正在训练“年轻的男孩们如何杀人”。在本段最后提到Rosemary与Zane在一起的原因“itisherowncapacityfordestruction,orforattachingherselftosomeoneelse’sevil”，这是她自己毁灭的能力，或者是她依附于别人的邪恶的能力。可知他们在一起的原因是Rosemary把自己与他人的恶行联系起来，间接地感受到了Zane的暴行。对比选项可知C选项“罗斯玛丽通过赞恩的残忍间接地活了下来”符合题意。

10.单选题

Wewaitedforthestormto____.

问题1选项

A.abate

B.keel

C.ignite

D.dangle

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.abate减弱B.keel颠覆；翻倒

C.ignite点燃；激起D.dangle悬挂；来回摆动

【答案】A

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】原句句意为“我们等待着暴风雨____。”空格处所填动词的逻辑主语为“暴风雨”，而“暴风雨____”是我们等待的内容，因此，A选项abate“减弱”最符合原句语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】我们等待着暴风雨减弱。

11.单选题

Heshoutedin________ofthepoliceman’swarningtobequiet.

问题1选项

A.defense

B.defiance

C.attempt

D.view

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.defense防御，保卫B.defiance违抗，拒绝服从

C.attempt企图，尝试D.view看法，见解

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】前半句的“shouted（喊叫）”和后半句的“warningtobequiet（保持安静的警告）”形成对比，说明他并没有遵从警察要他安静的警告，也就是说他无视、拒绝服从警察的警告。indefianceof是固定搭配，意为“无视，违抗”，因此B选项defiance“违抗，拒绝服从”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项defense“防御，保卫”，indefenseof指保护某事物免受攻击、批评或为某人辩护，不能和“warning（警告）”进行搭配；

C选项attempt“企图，尝试”，没有相应的搭配用法；

D选项view“看法，见解”，inviewof指鉴于某事物，考虑到某原因，不符合题干的语义逻辑。

【句意】他大声喊叫，无视警察要他保持安静的警告。

12.单选题

Theambassadorwasgiventhebookasatokenofthegovernment’sregardforhim.

问题1选项

A.anestimation

B.amemento

C.ashare

D.apreview

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。token表示“象征，代表”；A项estimation“尊重，估计”，B项memento“纪念品”，C项share“份额，股份”，D项preview“预览”。句意：大使被授予此书，表示政府对他的关心。因此B项正确。

13.翻译题

Passage1

Manyhumandiseasesarecausedbytheabsenceorinappropriatepresenceofaprotein.Theproteincouldthenbeadministeredtopatientsinordertocompensateforitsabsence.Today,genetherapyistheultimatemethodofproteindelivery,inwhichthedeliveredgeneentersthebody'scellsandturnsthemintosmall"factories1'thatproduceatherapeuticproteinforaspecificdiseaseoveraprolongedperiod.Asgenetherapyhasmovedfromthelaboratoryintotheclinic,severalissueshaveemergedascentraltothedevelopmentofthistechnology:geneidentification,geneexpressionandgenedelivery.Anumberofdisease-relatedgeneswithdirectclinicalvaluehavealreadybeenidentified,andthisnumberisgrowingasthefieldrapidlyadvances.Geneswithbroaderclinicalapplicationarealsobeingutilizedtomakeceilsexpressimmuneactivatingagentslocallyatthediseasesiteortobecomesusceptibletofurtherdrugtreatmentortoimmuneresponserecognition.

Passage2

Itisthenowwell-knownIBMbrandthatformedpartofthecomputersciencerevolution.IBMreleasedtheIBM704andlatertheIBM709computers,whichwerewidelyusedduringtheexplorationperiodofsuchdevices.Duringthelate1950s,thecomputersciencedisciplinewasverymuchinitsdevelopmentalstages,andsuchissueswerecommonplace.Timehasseensignificantimprovementsintheusabilityandeffectivenessofcomputersciencetechnology.Modemsocietyhasbeenasignificantshiftfromcomputersbeingusedsolelybyexpertsorprofessionalstomoreandmorewidespreaduserbase.Bythe1990s,computersbecameacceptedasbeingthenormwithineverydaylife.Duringthistimedataentrywasaprimarycomponentoftheuseofcomputers,manypreferringtostreamlinetheirbusinesspracticesthroughtheuseofacomputer.Thisalsogavetheadditionalbenefitofremovingtheneedoflargeamountsofdocumentationandfilerecordswhichconsumedmuch-neededphysicalspacewithinoffices.

Passage3

Everyorganizationisanemotionalplace.Itisanemotionalplacebecauseitisahumaninvention,servinghumanpurposesanddependentonhumanbeingstofunction.Andhumanbeingsareemotionalanimals:subjectanger,fear,surprise,disgust,happinessorjoy,easeandunease.Recently,therehavebeenattemptstodeveloptheideaofemotionalintelligence.Emotionalintelligenceemphasizestheimpactreasoncanmakeonemotion.Theclaimmadeforthisperspectiveisthatitrepresents“anabilitytoperceive,toprocess,tounderstand,andtomanageemotionsinselfandothers.”Proponentsofemotionalintelligencemaintainthattherearedistinctindividualabilitiesandskillsthatrelatetotheexplicitmanagementofemotion.Inaddition,emotionalintelligencedevelopsovertimeandcanbeenhancedbytraining.Therefore,learningtoperceiveemotioninothersandmanagetheseemotionssuccessfullyisanimportanttoolineverymanager'sguidebook.

ChooseONLYONEpassagefrontthefollowingpassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovided.IfmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】Passage1

许多人类疾病是由某种蛋白质的缺失或不当的存在所引起的。可以通过给病人服用这种蛋白质来填补这种缺失。现今,基因疗法是蛋白质输送的最尖端的方法。这一疗法将基因输入人体细胞内,该基因能够将这些细胞变成长期生产对特定疾病具有治疗功能的蛋白质的小型“工厂”。随着基因疗法走出实验室并应用到诊所中,出现了几个涉及该技术发展的核心问题：包括基因识别,基因表达和基因输送。有一些与疾病相关并具有直接治疗意义的基因已经被识别,随着这一领域的飞快发展,这一数字在增加。具有更广泛治疗应用的基因同样被用来促使细胞在病灶部位表达免疫力,或使其有助于后续的药物治疗或免疫反应识别。

Passage2

众所周知,IBM品牌构成了电脑科学革命的一部分。IBM曾发售IBM704型电脑,并在之后发售IBM709型号电脑,在人们对电脑还处于探索时期时,这两种电脑得到了广泛的应用。在20世纪50年代后期,电脑科学还处于发展阶段,这些问题很常见。随着时间的推移,电脑科学技术的实用性和效用得到了显著的提高。现代社会中,电脑已经不再是仅仅供专家或专业人士使用的,而是获得了越来越广泛的应用。到了20世纪90年代,电脑己经被视作日常生活中的必备品。在这一期间,电脑主要被用来做数据登记,许多人偏爱使用电脑来提高他们工作的效率。这同时还免去了占用稀缺的办公室空间的大量的文件和档案记录的必要性。

Passage3

每个组织都是一个具有情感的场所。这是因为它是人类的发明,服务于人类的目的并依赖于人类才能运作。而人是有情感的动物：愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、厌恶、快乐或欢喜、放松和不安等。近来,有人试图发展情感智力这一观念。情感智力强调理性对情感的影响。从这一视角出发的观点认为情感智力代表了“一种认知、处理、理解和控制自己和他人情感的能力”。情感智力的主张者断言人们具有与情感控制直接相关的不同的个人能力和技巧。此外,情感智力是随着时间的推移而发展的并且能够训练得以加强。因此,学会观察他人的情感并成功地控制这些情感是每个管理者应当掌握的重要技能。

14.单选题

Sleepisveryancient.Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackfarasthereptiles.

Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelife-styleoftheanimal,andthatpredatorsarestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcastordogscockingtheirearstoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?

Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal’svulnerability,thefunctionofsleepistodecreaseit?WilesWebboftheUniversityofFloridaandRayMeddisofLondonUniversityhassuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlytrue.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thephenomenonofsleepiscommontowhichofthefollowinggroupsoflivingbeings?

2.Theauthorstatesthatduringdreamsleep,theanimalsleeps（

）.

3.Theauthorsuggeststhat,becausetherearenohidingplacesintheoceans,whalesanddolphins

（

）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthat,iftheydidnotsleep,babiesofhuntinganimalsmight（

）.

问题1选项

A.All-ancientanimals.

B.Primatesonly.

C.Four-fooledbeastsonly.

D.Mostmammalsandbirds

问题2选项

A.withoutmoving

B.shallowly

C.intermittently

D.onitsside

问题3选项

A.sleeponlywhentheyareveryyoung

B.cannotaffordto