阅读理解词义猜测题（练）- 高考英语 （解析版）

词义猜测题根据文章选择正确的选项1.（2023年浙江绍兴高三统考）AsthepandemicbegantotakeitstollonNewYorkinMarch2020,InvisibleHandsDeliverwitnessedamassiveoutpouringofsupportfromlike-mindedindividualsinthecommunity.Besidesvolunteeringtodelivergroceriesforfree,NewYorkersalsoreachedouttotranslatetheInvisibleHandsflyersintooveradozenlanguages,enablingtheorganisationtoreachouttomoremembersofthecommunity.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“takeitstoll”meaninparagraph3?A．Causegreatdamage. B．Reducetheimpact.C．Fillahugegap. D．Recoverslowly.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线短语所在句子“AsthepandemicbegantotakeitstollonNewYorkinMarch2020,InvisibleHandsDeliverwitnessedamassiveoutpouringofsupportfromlike-mindedindividualsinthecommunity.(2020年3月，随着大流行病开始在纽约takeitstoll，InvisibleHandsDeliver组织目睹了社区中志同道合者的大力支持。)”可知，疫情期间社区中志同道合的人们伸出援助之手，大力支持社区的人们，这说明疫情造成了巨大损失，需要大力支持，由此可推知，画线短语“takeitstoll”意为“造成很大损失”，故选A。2.（2023年浙江宁波高三校联考）Thebarefactisthatwewillcontinuetoimproveourintelligentmachines.Wehaveproblemsthatwedesperatelyneedtosolve.Sowewilldothis,ifwecan.Thetrainisalreadyoutofthestation,andthere’snobraketopull.Ifwebuildmachinesthataremoreintelligentthanweare,theywillverylikelydevelopinwaysthatwecan’timagine,andtranscendusinwaysthatwecan’timagine.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“transcend”inParagraph3mean?A．Disable. B．Inspire. C．Disappoint. D．Outpace.【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词前半部分“Ifwebuildmachinesthataremoreintelligentthanweare,theywillverylikelydevelopinwaysthatwecan’timagine”（如果我们制造出比我们更聪明的机器，它们很可能以我们无法想象的方式发展）可知，当机器人比我们更聪明时，它们的一些方式可能是我们无法想象，甚至在某些方面会超出我们的想象，所以划线词此处指“超越”，A项“使失去能力”；B项“启发，鼓舞”；C项“使失望”；D项“超越”，故选D。3.（2023年浙江宁波高三校联考）TheNationalMeritScholarshipisoneawardedtothosewhodowellonthePreliminarySATortheNationalMeritScholarshipQualifyingTest.TheNationalMeritScholarshipCorporationwillgrantaround7,600studentsthescholarshipafteranintensefilteringofabout1.6millionentries.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“filtering”meaninparagraph2?A．Selecting. B．Cooperating. C．Fighting. D．Matching.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“TheNationalMeritScholarshipCorporationwillgrantaround7,600studentsthescholarshipafteranintense”以及后文“ofabout1.6millionentries”可知，国家优秀奖学金公司是从约160万名申请者中选出7600名学生发放奖学金。故画线词意思是“选择”。故选A。（2023年湖北襄阳四中模拟测试）Itmayseemverydifferent,butbabiesarecertainlynotlyingaroundrandomly.“Babiesdon’texploretheworldbychance,withtheireyesfallingonit.Babieshaveastrategyiftheywanttounderstandtheworld.First,theylookforthosepiecesofinformationthatallowthemtounderstandotherinformationfasterandmoreefficiently.Onthecontrary,iftheyseeanobjectoreventfromwhichtheycanlearnnothingfurther,theysimplyrejectit.Onlytheinformationusefultothem,theyselect.”saysDrFrancescoPoli.Thatsoundseasier,evenforababy,thandone.Buthowdoesababyknowwhatisimportantandwhatisnot?【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题。根据上一段“Babieshaveastrategyiftheywanttounderstandtheworld.First,theylookforthosepiecesofinformationthatallowthemtounderstandotherinformationfasterandmoreefficiently.Onthecontrary,iftheyseeanobjectoreventfromwhichtheycanlearnnothingfurther,theysimplyrejectit.Onlytheinformationusefultothem,theyselect,saysDrFrancescoPoli.(如果婴儿想要了解这个世界，他们会有自己的策略。首先，他们寻找那些能让他们更快更有效地理解其他信息的信息片段。相反，如果他们看到一个他们无法进一步了解的物体或事件，他们就会直接拒绝它。他们只选择对他们有用的信息。FrancescoPoli博士说)”以及文章第三段“Thatsoundseasier,evenforababy,thandone.Buthowdoesababyknowwhatisimportantandwhatisnot?(即使对婴儿来说，这听起来容易做起来难。但是婴儿怎么知道什么是重要的，什么是不重要的?)”可知，此处的That指代的应该是有策略地学习。故选C项。（2023年湖北黄冈中学校考二模）Just17monthsearlier,thistriphadseemedimpossible.InMay2017,MavaniwasdiagnosedwithtypeIdiabetes(糖尿病).Shesays,“Ifeltsolow,thinking,‘WhatamIgoingtodonowinlife,stuckwiththis?’”ThenewsputinjeopardyallMavani’shopesoftravelling.Sheretiredtheyearbeforeandhersoneventuallyflewthenest.“Ifeltfree.Itwasmychance.Ithought,‘Hooray,Icanenjoylife.’”ButherdiagnosismadeMavaniscaredtoleavethehouse.Hereldersistercametohelp,butMavani“couldn’twalktothelocalpark”withoutfeelingunwell.Veryslowly,Mavanibuiltherselfupfromwalkingaroundtheblocktotakinggentlegymclasses.ItwastherethatshemetHazel,whoinvitedhertoatalkaboutclimbingKilimanjaro.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“putinjeopardy”inparagraph3mean?A．Revealed. B．Inspired. C．Announced. D．Threatened.【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。根据上一段的“InMay2017,MavaniwasdiagnosedwithtypeIdiabetes.（2017年5月，Mavani被诊断出患有Ⅰ型糖尿病）”可知，划线短语前的thenews指的是Mavani被诊断出患有Ⅰ型糖尿病这件事，这件事肯定是危及到她的旅行计划，所以划线短语putinjeopardy的意义为“使处于险境”。故选D项。6.（2023年江苏南京金陵中模拟预测）Asparents,wealwayshopetodevelopcharactertraitsinourchildrenthatwillenhancetheirsuccessinlife.WhenourdaughterMeegan,theeldestoffivechildren,lostherfronttoothattheageofsix,wefoundthefollowingnotewrappedaroundthetinytooth.DerToothFairy，Plezelevemeyormajikwand(杖).Iwanttobeatoothfairy,too.LuvMeeganRecognizingpotentialleadershipskills,preciousopportunityandtheteachablemoment,the“ToothFairy”leftthefollowingnoteforlittleMeegan:Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“theteachablemoment”referto?A．Meeganlostatooth. B．Meeganwrappedatooth.C．Meeganwroteanote. D．Meeganreceivedanote.【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段“WhenourdaughterMeegan,theeldestoffivechildren,lostherfronttoothattheageofsix,wefoundthefollowingnotewrappedaroundthetinytooth.Plezelevemeyormajikwand.Iwanttobeatoothfairy,too.(当我们的女儿Meegan，五个孩子中最大的一个，在六岁时失去了门牙时，我们发现下面的纸条包裹在这颗小牙齿上。请给我你的魔杖，我也想成为一名牙仙。)”可知，Meegan给牙仙子写了一个纸条表达自己的愿望，父母抓住这个教育的契机，以牙仙子的口吻跟孩子进行交流。所以“theteachablemoment(可教的时刻)”指的是Meegan给牙仙子写了一个纸条表达自己的愿望（Meeganwroteanote），父母抓住这个教育的契机。故选C。7.（2023年江苏南京金陵中学模拟预测）Meanwhile,itappearsthatschoolsaretryinghardtofigureouthowtocounteracttheuseofChatGPT.ManyschoolshavebannedChatGPTonschooldevicesandnetworks,andeducatorsareadjustingtheirteachingstyles.Someareturningtomorein-classessays,whileothersarelookingathowtheycanincorporatethetechnologyintotheclassroom.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“counteract”inparagraph5?A．reduce B．increase C．support D．delay【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“ManyschoolshavebannedChatGPTonschooldevicesandnetworks,andeducatorsareadjustingtheirteachingstyles.(许多学校已经禁止在学校设备和网络上使用ChatGPT，教育工作者正在调整他们的教学风格)”可推测，上文的意思是“与此同时，学校似乎正在努力找出如何抵制ChatGPT的使用”也就是减少ChatGPT的使用，故counteract意为“减少”，和reduce同义，故选A。（2023年江苏南通海安高级中学统考）“OneofthebiggestproblemswithChatGPTisthatitcomesback,veryconfidently,withfalsities,”MichaelWooldridgeattheAlanTuringInstituteinLondon,UK,toldTheGuardian.ThismeansthatChatGPTdoesn’tknowthetruthabouttheworld—itlearnsinformationfromvariousresourcesbutitcannotdecidewhatistrueorfalse.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“falsities”meaninthelastbutoneparagraph?A．Falseinformation. B．Somethingnew.C．Variousresources. D．Timelyresponses.【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章划线单词所在段最后一句“ThismeansthatChatGPTdoesn’tknowthetruthabouttheworld—itlearnsinformationfromvariousresourcesbutitcannotdecidewhatistrueorfalse.(这意味着ChatGPT不知道世界的真相—它从各种资源中学习信息，但它无法决定什么是真的还是假的。)”可知，划线单词所在句子OneofthebiggestproblemswithChatGPTisthatitcomesback,veryconfidently,withfalsities的意思是：ChatGPT最大的问题之一是，它很自信地带着谎言回来了。可知最后一段中，带下划线的单词的意思是“虚假信息”，故选A。9.（2023年福建福州高中模拟预测）Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantswhowatchedvideoswiththehuman-likerobotweremorelikelytoratetherobot’sactionsasintentional,ratherthanprogrammed,whilethosewhoonlyinteractedwiththemachine-likerobotwerenot.Thisshowsthatmereexposuretoahuman-likerobotisnotenoughtomakepeoplebelieveitiscapableofthoughtsandemotions.Itishuman-likebehaviorthatmightbecrucialforbeingdeemedasanintentionalagent.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”deemed“inparagraph4probablymean?A．Believed. B．Persuaded. C．Performed. D．Advocated.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Thisshowsthatmereexposuretoahuman-likerobotisnotenoughtomakepeoplebelieveitiscapableofthoughtsandemotions.(这表明，仅仅与类人机器人接触不足以让人们相信它有思想和情感)”可知，现在的研究并不能让人们相信类人机器人真正拥有思想和情感，这种类似人类的行为可能是被视为有意行为的关键。由此可知，划线词deemed与上文中的believe意思相近。故选A。10.（2023年湖南长沙雅礼中学二模）Afewyearsago,whenIwascaringformyseriouslyillfather,Ilostmyvoice.Atfirst,IjustsoundedhoarsewhenIwashavingdifficultconversationsaboutDad’scondition.Butbeforelong,Icouldn’tevensay“Yesplease”toacupofteawithoutsoundinglikeanunusuallybreathlessMinnieMouse.Afterconsultinganear,noseandthroatspecialist,IwastoldthatIhadlostmyvoiceduetostress.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hoarse”meaninthefirstparagraph?A．Unabletospeak.B．Unabletoexpressoneself.C．(Sounding)sweetandsmooth.D．(Sounding)roughandunpleasant.【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词前面一句中的“Afewyearsago,whenIwascaringformyseriouslyillfather,Ilostmyvoice.(几年前，当我照顾重病的父亲时，我失声了。)”以及下文的“whenIwashavingdifficultconversationsaboutDad’scondition(当我艰难地谈论爸爸的病情时)”可推断，作者说话比较困难，所以声音应该是变得沙哑难听，故选D。11.（2023年湖南师大附中一模）Afewweeksearlier,thefamiliesherehadlearnedthedistrictwasplanningtodiminishtheFilipinolanguageprogramatLongfellowElementarySchoolbycombiningitskindergartenandfirst-gradeclasses,decreasingthenumberofspotsavailablebyroughlyhalf.LocatedinSanFrancisco’sExcelsiorneighborhood,theschoolhostsalargeFilipinostudentbody.Itsfull-daylanguageprogramisoneofjustahandfulofprogramsthroughoutthecountryofferinganelementaryschool-levelethnicstudiescurriculum.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminish”meaninparagraph3?A．Continue. B．Launch. C．End. D．Reduce.【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。根据“bycombiningitskindergartenandfirst-gradeclasses,reducingthenumberofspotsavailablebyroughlyhalf.(将幼儿园和一年级的班级合并，将招生名额减少大约一半)”可知，通过将幼儿园和一年级的课程合并，该校减少了大约一半的招生名额。由此可知，该地区计划减少菲律宾语言项目，即diminish意为“减少”，与shrink同义。故选D。（2023湖南长沙长郡中学模拟预测）ForanatmospherewithEarth’satmosphericpressure,CO2levelsashighas1percentcancausesleepinessinhumans,andoncewereachlevelsof10percentCO2,wewillsuffocateevenifthereisabundantoxygen.Theproposedabsolutebest-casescenario(设想)forchangingMarsleavesuswithanatmosphereweareincapableofbreathing.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“suffocate”meaninParagraph4?A．Choke.B．Faint.C．Hurt.D．Explode..【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段中“ForanatmospherewithEarth’satmosphericpressure,CO2levelsashighas1percentcancausesleepinessinhumans（在与地球大气压相当的大气中，二氧化碳浓度高达1%就会导致人类嗜睡）”，由此推知“oncewereachlevelsof10percentCO2（一旦我们达到10%的二氧化碳水平）”人们可能会“窒息”，所以划线词suffocate的意思应该是“窒息”。故选A。（2023年湖南长沙一中三模）Dogscanbetrainedtorolloverandplaydead.Buttheirancientinstinctsfromtheirwolfancestorsarestillthere.Instincts,orinstinctivebehaviors,arebehaviorsthataredonewithoutthinking.Theydon’thavetobelearned.Forexample,somedogswillscratchthegroundafterpooping(排便).Butthey’renottryingtoburytheirpoop.Theywantotheranimalstonoticeit.“Theyaredepositingsmellinthoseareas,”Siracusasaid.“It’salmostlikedrawingapicturewithabigredmarkeraroundit,”headded.Whichcanbestreplacetheword“depositing”inParagraph3?A．leaving B．hiding C．removing D．detecting【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Butthey’renottryingtoburytheirpoop.Theywantotheranimalstonoticeit.”(但它们并不是想把便便埋起来。他们想让其他动物注意到它)”可推断出，“Theyaredepositingsmellinthoseareas”中的“depositingsmell”意为“留下气味”。故选A。（2023广东深圳·外国语学校阶段练习）Morethan100countriesworldwidesellHappyMealsatMcDonald’slocations.Theburgerchainbegansellingthemealsin1979.In2018,afterwidespreadconcernaboutchildren’smealsatfast-foodrestaurants,thecompanyrevampeditsoptionstoselectionsthatwerelowerincalories,sodium,saturatedfatandsugar.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“revamped”inParagraph2mean?A．Challenged. B．Offered. C．Adjusted. D．Distributed.【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题。第二段提到“Theburgerchainbegansellingthemealsin1979.In2018,afterwidespreadconcernaboutchildren’smealsatfast-foodrestaurants,thecompanyrevampeditsoptionstoselectionsthatwerelowerincalories,sodium,saturatedfatandsugar.”（这家汉堡连锁店从1979年开始销售这种餐点。2018年，在人们普遍担心快餐店的儿童餐后，该公司将其选择revamped卡路里、钠、饱和脂肪和糖含量较低的食品。），由此判断，1979年开始麦当劳就开始售卖开心乐园餐，但到了2018年的时候汉堡里卡路里、钠、饱和脂肪和糖的含量变少，说明麦当劳就汉堡的配方进行了调整和修改。A.Challenged.挑战；B.Offered.提供；C.Adjusted.调整；D.Distributed.分配；分发。C项adjust（调整；调节）符合文意。故选C。（2023广东深圳外国语学校模拟测试）ThisstudycomesaheadofaUnitedNationsmeetinginChinatodiscussbiodiversity(生物多样性)goalsforthenextdecade.Severalcountrieshavealreadycommittedtoprotecting30percentoftheplanetby2030,yettheresearcherssaythisalonedoesnotnecessarilyguaranteepositiveoutcomesforspecies.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph3referto?A．Doingsomethingpositive. B．Organizingthemeeting.C．Talkingaboutbiodiversity. D．Expandingprotectedareas.【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Severalcountrieshavealreadycommittedtoprotecting30percentoftheplanetby2030,yettheresearcherssaythisalonedoesnotnecessarilyguaranteepositiveout-comesforspecies.(一些国家已经承诺到2030年保护地球的30%，然而，研究人员表示，仅凭这一点并不一定能保证对物种产生积极的影响。)”可知,一些国家已经承诺到2030年时将保护地球30％的土地，此处的this指上文提到的“承诺到2030年保护地球的30%”也就是承诺“扩大保护区域”。故选D项。用适当的单词填空（2023年全国乙卷D篇）TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A.Problem. B.History. C.Voice. D.Society.【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.(加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.(如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。（2022年新课标I卷C篇）WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”30．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A．Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate.【答案】C

【解析】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”(彭福街60号的额外护理经理WendyWilson是第一批参与该项目的人之一，她说：“居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。”)”可知，WendyWilson是着手这项工程的人之一，也是做这个项目的创始人之一，因此可知，画线处embarkon意为“开始着手做某事”，与C项“Begin(开始)”含义相近。故选C项。（2022年新课标II卷C篇）ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren’sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?A．Providedshelterforme. B．Becameverycleartome.C．Tookthepressureoffme. D．Workedquitewellonme.【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon’tevenrealizeit’snew.Forthem,it’sjustnormal.”以及画线词后文“asIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。（2022年全国甲卷C篇）Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.28．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Trychallengingthings. B．Takeadegree.C．Bringbacklostmemories. D．Sticktoapromise.【答案】A

【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一句“AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.(在奇切斯特大学获得相关艺术学位后，Ginni开始周游世界，最终在日本和智利找到了教英语的工作。)”可知，此处是指做有挑战性的事情，所以taketheplunge意为“尝试有挑战性的事情”。故选A。(2022年全国乙卷)Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.29.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A．Personnelsafety. B．Assistancefromdrones.C．Inspectionandrepair. D．Constructionofinfrastructure.【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。根据后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure（检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，画线词和C项：Inspectionandrepair(检修)含义相近。故选C。（2022年浙江卷6月）Howlongwestayontheclockandhowwespendthattimeareundercarefulexaminationinmanyworkplaces.Theyoungbankerwhoeatslunchathisdeskisprobablyseenasago-getter,whilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.28．Theunderlinedword“go-getter”inparagraph3referstosomeoneWho_______.A．isgoodathandlingpressure B．workshardtobecomesuccessfulC．ahasanaturaltalentforhisjob. D．getsonwellwithhisco-workers【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“whilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.(而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即被认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，划线单词go-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故选B。（2021年全国乙卷）Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsagofilm-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay“chocolate”intohisthree-year-oldson’searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself“marketingdirectorfromNature”.Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWorldNetwork,agroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”inparagraph3mean?A.Admit. B.Argue.C.Remember. D.Remark.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline(在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies(固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认”。故选A项。8.（2021年新高考I卷）WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire. B.Export.C.Destroy. D.Distribute.【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。根据前一句“NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A.Acquire获得；B.Export出口；C.Destroy破坏；D.Distribute分配。故选C。（2021年新高考II卷）Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dgetuptomischief.We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.25.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getup