考研考博-英语-山东海事职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东海事职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Hewasverypluckyindealingwiththeintruders.

问题1选项

A.timid

B.brave

C.shy

D.nervous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项timid“胆小的，羞怯的”，B项brave“勇敢的，无畏的，表现勇敢的”，C项shy“害羞的，畏缩的”，D项nervous“神经的，紧张不安的”。句意：他在对付闯入者时非常勇敢。根据句意可知，plucky在句中表示“勇敢”。因此，该题选择B项。

2.单选题

（

）thatmanytravelerscomplainedtothetravelagency.

问题1选项

A.Sofrequentlytheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshops

B.Sofrequentlytheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshopsdo

C.Sofrequentlydidtheguidetakethemtoluxuriousshops

D.Sotheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshopsfrequently

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。本题考查结果状语从句中的倒装用法。在“so/such…that...”结构中，so和such连同它所修饰成分置于句首表示强调。主句需要倒装；根据句子后面的结构“thatmanytravelerscomplainedtothetravelagency.”可知前面是so引导的主句，需要采用部分倒装结构，句意为：导游带游客去奢侈品商店太频繁，以至于许多游客向旅行社投诉。故正确答案选C。

3.单选题

Mostmenholdastereotypedconceptionofwomenthatthefemalearebornwithfrailconstitutionsaswellasa（）mind.

问题1选项

A.compassionate

B.fragile

C.stubborn

D.fatal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项compassionate“慈悲的，富于同情心的”；B选项fragile“脆的，易碎的”；C选项stubborn“固执的”；D选项fatal“致命的，重大的”。句意：大部分男人对于女人都有一个刻板的观念，那就是女人天生体格方面弱，思想方面（固执）。句中…mind与frailconstitutions相对应，根据句意，stubborn“固执的”用来修饰题中女人的思想正确。因此C选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Thebeliefthatthemindplaysanimportantroleinphysicalillnessgoesbacktotheearliestdaysofmedicine.FromthetimeoftheancientGreekstothebeginningofthe20thcentury,itwasgenerallyacceptedbybothphysicianandpatientthatthemindcanaffectthecourseofillness,anditseemednaturaltoapplythisconceptinmedicaltreatmentsofdisease.Afterthediscoveryofantibiotics,anewassumptionarosethattreatmentofinfectiousorinflammatorydiseaserequiresonlytheeliminationoftheforeignorganismoragentthattriggerstheillness.Intherushtodiscoverantibioticsanddrugsthatcurespecificinfectionsanddiseases,thefactthatthebody’sownresponsescaninfluencesusceptibilitytodiseaseand-itscoursewaslargelyignoredbymedicalresearchers.

Itisironicthatresearchintoinfectiousandinflammatorydiseasefirstled20th-centurymedicinetorejecttheideathatthemindinfluencesphysicalillness,andnowresearchinthesamefield—includingtheworkofourlaboratoriesandofourcollaboratorsattheNationalInstitutesofHealth一isprovingthecontrary.Newmolecularandpharmacologicaltoolshavemadeitpossibleforustoidentifytheintricatenetworkthatexistsbetweentheimmunesystemandthebrain，anetworkthatallowsthetwosystemstosignaleachothercontinuouslyandrapidly.Chemicalsproducedbyimmunecellssignalthebrain,andthebraininturnsendschemicalsignalstorestraintheimmunesystem.Thesesamechemicalsignalsalsoaffectbehaviorandtheresponsetostress.Disruptionofthiscommunicationnetworkinanyway,whetherinheritedorthroughdrugs,toxicsubstancesorsurgery,exacerbatesthediseasesthatthesesystemsguardagainst:infectious,inflammatory,autoimmune,andassociatedmooddisorders.

Theclinicalsignificanceofthesefindingsislikelytoproveprofound.Theyholdthepromiseofextendingtherangeoftherapeutictreatmentsavailableforvariousdisorders,asdrugspreviouslyknowntoworkprimarilyfornervoussystemproblemsareshowntobeeffectiveagainstimmunemaladies,andviceversa.Theyalsohelptosubstantiatethepopularlyheldimpression(stilldiscountedinsomemedicalcircles)thatourstateofmindcaninfluencehowwellweresistorrecoverfrominfectiousorinflammatorydiseases.

Thebrain’sstressresponsesystemisactivatedinthreateningsituations.Theimmunesystemrespondsautomaticallytopathogensandforeignmolecules.Thesetworesponsesystemsarethebody’sprincipalmeansformaintaininganinternalsteadystatecalledhomeostasis.Asubstantialproportionofhumancellularmachineryisdedicatedtomaintainingit.

Whenhomeostasisisdisturbedorthreatened,arepertoireofmolecular,cellularandbehavioralresponsescomesintoplay.Theseresponsesattempttocounteractthedisturbingforcesinordertoreestablishasteadystate.Theycanbespecifictotheforeigninvaderoraparticularstress,ortheycanbegeneralizedandnonspecificwhenthethreattohomeostasisexceedsacertainthreshold.Theadaptiveresponsemaythemselvesturnintostressorscapableofproducingdisease.Wearejustbeginningtounderstandtheinterdependenceofthebrainandtheimmunesystem,howtheyhelptoregulateandcounter-regulateeachotherandhowtheythemselvescanmalfunctionandproducedisease.

1.Thepassagesuppliesinformationtosuggestthat（）

2.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemind-bodyinteractionindisease?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutclinicalsignificanceofthenewfindingscanbebest

supportedbythepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Accordingtothepassage,inordertomaintainaninternalsteadystatecalledhomeostasis,（

）.

问题1选项

A.ithasalwaysbeenthebeliefofbothphysicianandpatientthatone’sstateofmindcanaffectphysicaldisease

B.thepopularbeliefthatstressexacerbatesinflammatoryillnesshasalwaysbeendiscreditedbythedoctors

C.thediscoveryofantibioticsshedslightonpeople’sunderstandingofthemind-bodyinteractionindisease

D.thereisanewunderstandingofthecommunicationbetweenthebrainandimmunesystem

问题2选项

A.Thebrainandimmunesystemssendsignalstoeachother.

B.Theimmuneandcentralnervoussystemsareorganizedinverydifferentwaystoaffectthecourseofillness.

C.Disruptionofthecommunicationofthebrainandimmunesystemcancurecertaindisease.

D.Theimmunesystemandthebrainsharealotofhormonestofacilitatetheircommunication.

问题3选项

A.Theresponsivenesstostressisgeneticallydetermined.

B.Thetreatmentofimmunemaladiescanbeconsciouslycontrolled.

C.Psychoactivedrugsmayinsomecasesbeusedtotreatinflammatorydiseases.

D.Socialinteractionscanlessenpsychologicalstressandalterimmuneresponses.

问题4选项

A.Takingthecureatamountainsanatoriumdoesn’tworkforthetreatmentformanychronicdiseases.

B.Therelaxingeffectsofhot-springsspacanhelprestorethecommunicationbetweenthebrainandimmunesystem.

C.Thedisruptionofthebrain’sstressresponsereducesthebody’sresponse.

D.Depressionisalsoassociatedwithinflammatorydisease.

问题5选项

A.sometimesthestressresponseneedstogototheextreme

B.thestressresponsehastobartheforeignpathogensfromthebody

C.boththestressandimmuneresponsesneedtoberegulated

D.theimmunesystempromotesphysiologicalandbehavioralchanges

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨题。题干：这篇文章提供的信息表明了_____。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Wearejustbeginningtounderstandtheinterdependenceofthebrainandtheimmunesystem,howtheyhelptoregulateandcounter-regulateeachotherandhowtheythemselvescanmalfunctionandproducedisease”可知，我们才刚刚开始了解大脑和免疫系统之间的相互依赖关系，它们是如何帮助彼此调节和反调节的，以及它们自身是如何失灵和产生疾病的。由此可知人们对大脑和免疫系统之间的关系有了新的认识。因此D选项符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：下列哪一项最能说明疾病中的身心互动？Themind-bodyinteraction对应文章第二段的theimmunesystemandthebrain，文中提到“anetworkthatallowsthetwosystemstosignaleachothercontinuouslyandrapidly”，可知A选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：关于新发现的临床意义，下列哪一项陈述能最好地得到这篇文章的支持？文章第三段第一句提到“signigicance”,后句中“…extendingtherangeoftherapeutictreatmentsavailableforvariousdisorders,asdrugspreviouslyknowntoworkprimarilyfornervoussystemproblemsareshowntobeeffectiveagainstimmunemaladies...”正好对应C选项内容。因此C选项符合题意。

4.细节推理题。题干：从文章中可以推断出下列哪个陈述？A和B选项与本文无关。第二段提到“Thesesamechemicalsignalsalsoaffectbehaviorandtheresponsetostress”，说明有影响，但C选项中的reduce并不能体现。第二段最后一句“Disruptionofthiscommunicationnetwork…exacerbatesthediseasesthatthesesystemsguardagainst:infectious,inflammatory,autoimmune,andassociatedmooddisorders”正说明精神状况对于疾病的影响，因此D选项符合题意。

5.细节题。题干：根据这篇文章，为了保持一种叫做内稳态的内部稳定状态______。根据题干定位到文章第四段第三句，根据第五段中“Theseresponsesattempttocounteractthedisturbingforcesinordertoreestablishasteadystate”可知为了维持人体内部的平衡，应激反应必须将外来病原体从体内消除。因此B选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Afterfouryearsinthesamejob,hisenthusiasmfinally（）.

问题1选项

A.deteriorated

B.dispersed

C.dissipated

D.drained

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项deteriorate“恶化，变坏”；B选项disperse“分散；消散”；C选项dissipate“驱散；放荡”；D选项drain“逐渐消失；流干”。句意：在做同样的工作四年后，他的激情逐渐消失了。根据句意可知D选项正确。

6.单选题

Itisimperativethatthegovernment（）moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.

问题1选项

A.attracts

B.shallattract

C.attract

D.hasto

【答案】C

【解析】句意:政府有必要吸引更多投资到造船业。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。Itisimperative（essential/necessary/desirable/important/vital..等）+that引导的主语从句中谓语动词应该用虚拟语气:动词原形或should+动词原形。故选C。

7.单选题

Ourcivilizationcannotbethoughtofas（）inashortperiodoftime.

问题1选项

A.tohavebeencreated

B.tobecreated

C.havingbeencreated

D.beingcreated

【答案】C

【解析】考查被动语态。as在这里是介词，后面应接名词性质的词，排除A、B，create的动作是过去发生的，应该用过去时态，排除D。句意：不应把我们的文明看作是短期内创造出来的。因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

Ifgenderconflictscontinueattheircurrentrate,mypartnergloomilyobserved,menmayfadeintoextinctionandwomenwillmanagefinewithoutthem.Whatwithtest-tubebabies,cloning,afallingbirth-rate,have-it-allcareerwomenprevailinglikeneverbefore,itseemsasifold-fashioned,instinct-drivensexualselectionwastotallyoutoffashion.ButastudyfromfourBritishuniversitiessuggestsitisaliveandwell,andbusyshapingthenextgeneration.

Inspiteofemancipation,thefeministmovement,genderequality,consistenteffortstoavoidgender-stereotyping,menstillprefertomarrywomenwhoarenottoobrainy.InthestudyahighIQhamperedawoman’schanceofgettingmarried,witha40percentdropinmaritalprospectsforevery16-pointrise.Theoppositewastruefortheirmaleclassmates.Top-earningmenwere8percentmorelikelytobemarriedthantheirlow-earningpeers.

Howinterestingthatweautomaticallyassumethatmenareputoffbyclevernessinwomen.Perhapsthebrainywomendidnotwanttogetmarried.Possiblytheycouldnotfindmencleverenoughtosatisfythem.Buttheseinterpretationshardlymeritmorethanapassingthoughtbecausethisstudysimplyreinforceswhatweknowtobebroadlytrue:thatmostwomendowantacommittedpartnerandthatmoststablemarriagesoccurinapowerrelation,withthemanbeingthecenter.

Weusuallythinkofcompetitivenessasamaleactivity,andsoitismainly,whichisallthemorereasonforitcausingstressinamarriage.Ourancestrycertainlyincludedalongphasewhenthemalescompetedforthealpharole,inwhichthetopmaletookalltheadvantagesandmostofthegroupmatings.Mostmennursesecretdreamsofbeing“benign”dictators.Nomanlikeshiswifetoearnmorethanhedoes.Weseehowfragilearethemarriagesofthoseinwhichthefemalehasthewhiphandintheshapeoffame,success,andwealth.Incontrast,marriageswherethefemalestatusisobviouslyinferior,includingarrangedmarriages,thereisagreaterstability.

Womenhavetoacceptthatcomingintoourownandachievingthefullpotentialofour(seeminglysuperior)capacitytouseeducationwillundoubtedlymakeusmoreinaccessibleaspartners.Morechoosy,andthereforelesssuccessful.

1.The“test-tubebabies”andotherthingsarementionedinParagraph1toindicate（

）.

2.Conventionalsexualselection

（

）.

3.ThestatisticsinParagraph2illustratethat

（

）.

4.Whatmightbethemeaningof“whiphand”inParagraph4?

5.Howismarriagerelatedtopower,accordingtothestudy?

6.Whatmightbethetitleofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.thedevelopmentofmedicaltechnology

B.theradicalchangesofourlifestyle

C.thedecreasingbirthrateofhumansociety

D.theindependenceofthefemalegender

问题2选项

A.getsout-of-date

B.remainsactive

C.becomesextinct

D.seemsprevalent

问题3选项

A.women’sIQandtheirmaritalprobabilityareindirectproportion

B.men’sIQandtheirmaritalprobabilityareininverseproportion

C.womenprefertomarrymenwhoareveryintelligent

D.menprefertomarrywomenwhoarelessintelligent

问题4选项

A.Control.

B.Desire.

C.Intelligence.

D.Commitment.

问题5选项

A.Marriedmenandwomenallseekpowerovereachother.

B.Apowerfulhusbandisthekeytothesuccessfulmarriage.

C.Astablemarriagedependsonthepowerofthewife.

D.Richmentendtoholdabsolutepowerovertheirwives.

问题6选项

A.SingleWomen’sSelf-reliance.

B.RoadtoaSuccessfulMarriage

C.WhyBrainyWomenStaySingle.

D.StereotypesAboutMarriage.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:C

【解析】1.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“menmayfadeintoextinctionandwomenwillmanagefinewithoutthem.（男人可能会逐渐消失，而没有他们，女人也会过得很好）”即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

2.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段最后一句。根据““ButastudyfromfourBritishuniversitiessuggestsitisaliveandwell，...”,其中“it”指代“old-fashioned,instinct-drivensexualselection”。从而得出本题答案。

3.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段第一句。“Inspiteofemancipation,thefeministmovement,genderequality,consistenteffortstoavoidgender-stereotyping,menstillprefertomarrywomenwhoarenottoobrainy.(尽管有解放运动、女权运动、性别平等、不断努力避免性别成见，但男性仍然更愿意娶不太聪明的女性。)”从而得出本题答案。

4.词义理解题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第四段最后两句。“Weseehowfragilearethemarriagesofthoseinwhichthefemalehasthewhiphandintheshapeoffame,success,andwealth.Incontrast,marriageswherethefemalestatusisobviouslyinferior,includingarrangedmarriages,thereisagreaterstability.(我们看到，那些女性在名望、成功和财富方面拥有绝对优势的婚姻是多么脆弱。相比之下，女性地位明显低下的婚姻，包括包办婚姻，则有较大的稳定性。)”由此可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

5.归纳推理题。通过对全文的理解，尤其是文章第四段的理解，“Incontrast,marriageswherethefemalestatusisobviouslyinferior,includingarrangedmarriages,thereisagreaterstability.(相比之下，女性地位明显低下的婚姻，包括包办婚姻，则有较大的稳定性。)”即可得出本题答案。

6.主旨大意题。通过对全文的理解和归纳，“howfragilearethemarriagesofthoseinwhichthefemalehasthewhiphandintheshapeoffame,success,andwealth.”“Morechoosy,andthereforelesssuccessful.”“Perhapsthebrainywomendidnotwanttogetmarried.”从而得出本题答案。

9.单选题

DuringRomantimes,（）andmarblewerethematerialsmostcommonlyusedforsculpture.

问题1选项

A.booth

B.brood

C.bust

D.bronze

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项booth“货摊；公用电话亭”；B选项brood“一窝；一伙”；C选项bust“破产；半身像；胸部”；D选项bronze“青铜”。句意：在罗马时代，……和大理石是最常用于雕刻的材料。由后面的并列名词marble“大理石”，可知需要填入一个和大理石一样能够进行雕刻的材料。因此可以排除A，B，C选项。D选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Foryears,doctorsadvisedtheirpatientsthattheonlythingtakingmultivitaminsdoesisgivethemextensiveurine(尿).Afterall,truevitamindeficienciesarepracticallyunheardofinindustrializedcountries.Nowitseemsthatthosedoctorsmayhavebeenwrong.Theresultsofagrowingnumberofstudiessuggestthatevenamodestvitaminshortfallcanbeharmfultoyourhealth.Althoughproofofthebenefitsofmultivitaminsisstillfarfromcertain,thefewdollarsyouspendonthemisprobablyagoodinvestment.

Oratleastthat’stheargumentputforwardintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.Ideally,saidDr.WalterWillettandDr.MeirStampferofHarvard,allvitaminsupplementswouldbeevaluatedinscientificallyrigorousclinicaltrials.Butthosestudiescantakealongtimeandoftenraisemorequestionsthantheyanswer.Atsomepoint,whileresearchersworkonfiguringoutwherethetruthlies,itjustmakessensetosaythepotentialbenefitoutweighsthecost.

Thebestevidencetodateconcernsfolate（叶酸）,oneoftheBvitamins.It’sbeenprovedtolimitthenumberofdefectsinembryos（胚胎）,andarecenttrialfoundthatfolateincombinationwithvitaminB12andaformofB6alsodecreasesthere-blockageofarteriesaftersurgicalrepair.

ThenewsonvitaminEhasbeenmoremixed.Healthyfolkswhotake400internationalunitsdailyforatleasttwoyearsappearsomewhatlesslikelytodevelopheartdisease.ButwhendoctorsgivevitaminEtopatientswhoalreadyhaveheartdisease,thevitamindoesn’tseemtohelp.ItmayturnoutthatvitaminEplaysaroleinpreventionbutcannotundoseriousdamage.

DespitevitaminC’sgreatpopularity,consuminglargeamountsofitstillhasnotbeenpositivelylinkedtoanygreatbenefit.ThebodyquicklybecomessaturatedwithCandsimplyexcretes（排泄）anyexcess.

Themultivitaminsquestionboilsdowntothis：Doyouneedtowaituntilalltheevidenceisinbeforeyoutakethem,orareyouwillingtoacceptthatthere’senoughevidencethattheydon’thurtandcouldhelp?

Ifthelatter,there’snoneedtogotoextremesandbuythebiggesthorsepillsorthemostexpensivebottles.Largedosescancausetrouble,includingexcessivebleedingandnervoussystemproblems.

Multivitaminsarenosubstituteforexerciseandabalanceddiet,ofcourse.Aslongasyouunderstandthatanypotentialbenefitismodestandsubjecttofurtherrefinement,takingadailymultivitaminmakesalotofsense.

1.Atonetimedoctorsdiscouragedtakingmultivitaminsbecausetheybelievedthatmultivitamins

2.Accordingtotheauthor,clinicaltrialsofvitaminsupplements（

）

3.IthasbeenfoundthatvitaminE（

）.

4.Itcanbeseenthatlargedosesofmultivitamins（

）.

5.Theauthorconcludesthepassagewiththeadvicethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.couldnoteasilybeabsorbedbythehumanbody

B.werepotentiallyharmfultopeople’shealth

C.weretooexpensivefordailyconsumption

D.couldnotprovideanycureforvitamindeficiencies

问题2选项

A.oftenresultinmisleadingconclusions

B.taketimeandwillnotproduceconclusiveresults

C.shouldbeconductedbyscientistsonalargerscale

D.appeartobeasheerwasteoftimeandresources

问题3选项

A.shouldbetakenbypatientsregularlyandpersistently

B.caneffectivelyreducetherecurrenceofheartdisease

C.hasapreventivebutnotcurativeeffectonheartdisease

D.shouldbegiventopatientswithheartdiseaseasearlyaspossible

问题4选项

A.maybringaboutserioussideeffects

B.mayhelppreventexcessivebleeding

C.arelikelytoinducetheblockageofarteries

D.areadvisableforthosewithvitamindeficiencies

问题5选项

A.thebenefitofdailymultivitaminintakeoutweighsthatofexerciseandabalanceddiet

B.it’sriskytotakemultivitaminswithoutknowingtheirspecificfunction

C.thepotentialbenefitofmultivitaminscanneverbeoverestimated

D.it’sreasonabletotakearationaldoseofmultivitaminsdaily

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章开篇第一句话Foryears,doctorsadvisedtheirpatientsthattheonlythingtakingmultivitaminsdoesisgivethemextensiveurine.很多年来，医生告诫他们的病人服用复合维生素只会导致他们多尿。由此可知，对于医生来说，维生素很难被吸收，都会通过尿液排出。选项A符合题意。

2.文章第二段第二句话提到所有的维他命供应都会在实验的基础上进行科学的评估。接下来第三句话“但是这些研究需要花费大量时间，并且会提出更多的问题”。选项B符合题意。

3.文章第四段“ItmayturnoutthatvitaminEplaysaroleinpreventionbutcannotundoseriousdamage”（维他命E被证明可以预防但是对已经严重的病没有效果。）选项C符合题意。

4.文章倒数第二段最后一句话提到吃过量的维他命会造成一些问题，比如血流不止和神经系统方面的问题。选项A中的serioussideeffects与这些信息对应，所以选项A符合题意。

5.文章最后一段提到人们对于维生素应该采取的态度：潜在的好处都不会太大，但是会带来长久的好处，平时服用维生素对身体是很有好处的。选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

Theworkhas________thestatusofaclassicamongthecomposer’sadmirers.

问题1选项

A.required

B.acquired

C.inquired

D.inspired

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项required“要求”；B选项acquired“获得，取得”；C选项inquired“询问，问明”；D选项inspired“激发，鼓舞”。句意：这个作品在作曲者的追随者中（）经典的地位，作品和追随者心目中的地位是需要获得的，所以B选项acquire最合适。

12.不定项选择题

Mostkidsgrowuplearningtheycannotdrawonthewalls.Butitmightbetimetounlearnthattraining—thissummer,groupofcultureaddicts,artistsandcommunityorganizersareinvitingNewYorkerstowritealloverthewallsofanoldhouseonGovernor’sIsland.

TheprojectiscalledWritingOnItAll,andit’saparticipatorywritingprojectandartisticexperimentthathashappenedonGovernor’sIslandeverysummersince2013.

“Mostoftheparticipantsarepeoplewhoarejustwalkingbyorareontheislandforotherreasons,ortheyjustkindofhappentobethere,”AlexandraChasin,artisticdirectorofWritingOnItAll,tellsS.

The2016seasonrunsthroughJune26andfeaturessessionsfacilitatedbyeveryonefromdancerstodomesticworkers.Eachsessionhasatheme,andparticipantsaregivenavarietyofmaterialsandpromptsandaskedtocoversurfaceswiththeirthoughtsandart.Thisyear,theprogramsrangefromonethatturnsthehouseintoacollaborativeessaytoonethatexploresthemeaningofexile.

Governor’sIslandisanationalhistoriclandmarkdistrictlongusedformilitarypurposes.Nowknownas“NewYork’ssharedspaceforartandplay,”theisland,whichliesbetweenManhattanandBrooklyninUpperNewYorkBay,isclosedtocarsbutopentosummertouristswhoflockforfestivals,picnics,adventures,aswellasthese“legalgraffiti(涂鸦)”Sessions.

Thenotesandartscribbled(涂画)onthewallsareanexperimentinself-expression.Sofar,participantshaverangedinagefrom2to85.ThoughChasinsaysthefocusoftheworkisontheactivityofwriting,ratherthanthetextthatendsupgettingwritten,someoftheworkthatcomesoutofthesessionshasstuckwithher.

“Oneofthesessionsthatmovedmethemostwasstateviolenceonblackwomenandblackgirls,”saysChasin,explainingthatinoneroom,peoplewrotedownthenamesofthosekilledbecauseofit.“Peopledobeautifulworkandleavebeautifulmessages.”

1.WhatdoestheprojectWritingOnItAllinvitepeopletodo?

2.Whatdowelearnabouttheparticipantsintheproject?

3.Whatdidtheprojectparticipantsdoduringthe2016season?

4.WhatkindofplaceisGovernor’sIsland?

5.WhatdoesChasinsayabouttheproject?

问题1选项

A.Unlearntheirtrainingindrawing.

B.Participateinastategraffitishow.

C.Coverthewallsofanoldhousewithgraffiti.

D.Exhibittheirartisticcreationsinanoldhouse.

问题2选项

A.Theyarejustcultureaddicts.

B.Theyaregraffitienthusiasts.

C.Theyarewritersandartists.

D.Theyaremostlypassers-by.

问题3选项

A.Theywerefreetoscribbleonthewallswhatevercametotheirmind.

B.Theyexpressedtheirthoughtsingraffitionthethemeofeachsession.

C.Theylearnedthetechniquesofcollaborativewriting.

D.Theywererequiredtocooperatewithothercreators.

问题4选项

A.Itisahistoricsitethatattractstouristsandartists.

B.Itisanareanowaccessibleonlytotouristvehicles.

C.ItisaplaceinUpperNewYorkBayformerlyusedforexiles.

D.Itisanopenareafortouriststoenjoythemselvesyearround.

问题5选项

A.Ithascreatedsomemeaningfulartisticworks.

B.Ithelpedexpandtheinfluenceofgraffitiart.

C.Ithasstartedthecareerofmanycreativeartists.

D.Itjustfocusedonthesufferingsofblackfemales.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题干意思是“‘全写在上面’这个项目邀请人们做什么？”。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段TheprojectiscalledWritingOnItAll（这个项目叫作“全写在上面”），这个项目的解释可以追踪到第一段thissummer,groupofcultureaddicts,artistsandcommunityorganizersareinvitingNewYorkerstowritealloverthewallsofanoldhouseonGovernor’sIsland.（今年夏天，一群文化爱好者、艺术家和社区组织者邀请纽约人在总督岛一所老房子的墙壁上涂鸦）可知，C项“用涂鸦覆盖旧房子的墙壁”正确。A项“忘记他们在绘画方面的训练”这不是这个项目的目的，表述不准确；B项“参加国家涂鸦表演”没有提及；D项“在一所老房子里展示他们的艺术创作”，文章说的是在墙壁上涂鸦，D项表述错误。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。题干意思是“我们对项目参与者有什么了解？”。根据题干定位到第三段Mostoftheparticipantsarepeoplewhoarejustwalkingbyorareontheislandforotherreasons,ortheyjustkindofhappentobethere（大多数参与者只是路过，或者因为其他原因来到岛上，或者他们只是碰巧在那里）可知，D项“他们大多是路人”正确。A项“他们只是文化成瘾者”和C项“他们是作家和艺术家”是邀请者，而不是参与者，因此不选；B项“他们是涂鸦爱好者”为干扰项，文中提到的是邀请纽约人，B项覆盖面太狭窄。因此，该题选择D项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。题干意思是“项目参与者在2016赛季做了什么？”。根据题干定位到第四段第二句Eachsessionhasatheme,andparticipantsaregivenavarietyofmaterialsandpromptsandaskedtocoversurfaceswiththeirthoughtsandart.（每个环节都有一个主题，参与者会得到各种材料和提示，并被要求用他们的思想和艺术覆盖表面）可知，B项“他们用涂鸦的方式表达了对每个环节主题的想法”符合题意。A项“他们可以随心所欲地在墙上乱涂乱画”表述太绝对；第四段最后一句提到Thisyear,theprogramsrangefromonethatturnsthehouseintoacollaborativeessaytoonethatexploresthemeaningofexile.（今年的项目从将这栋房子变成一篇协作性的文章，到探索流放的意义）可知C项“他们学习了协作写作的技巧”和D项“他们被要求与其他创造者合作”错误。因此，该题选择B项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。题干意思是“总督岛是一个什么地方？”。根据题干定位到文章的第五段Governor’sIslandisanationalhistoriclandmarkdistrictlongusedformilitarypurposes.Nowknownas“NewYork’ssharedspaceforartandplay,”theisland,whichliesbetweenManhattanandBrooklyninUpperNewYorkBay,isclosedtocarsbutopentosummertouristswhoflockforfestivals,picnics,adventures,aswellasthese“legalgraffiti”Sessions.（总督岛是一个长期用于军事目的的国家历史地标区。这座岛位于纽约上海湾的曼哈顿和布鲁克林之间，现在被称为“纽约的艺术和玩耍共享空间”。它不对汽车开放，但对夏季前来参加节日庆典、野餐、冒险活动以及这些“合法涂鸦”活动的游客开放。）可知，A项“是一个吸引游客和艺术家的历史遗址”符合题意。B项“这个地区现在只允许旅游车辆进入”与原文相反；C项“这是纽约上海湾的一个地方，以前用于流亡者”，文章提到总督岛在以前是用于军事目的，C项表述错误；D项“它是一个开放的区域，供游客一年四季享受”表述不准确，文章说的是夏季开放。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第5题:细节推断题。题干意思是“查森对这个项目怎么说？”。根据题干定位到文章的最后一段，查森说到Oneofthesessionsthatmovedmethemostwasstateviolenceonblackwomenandblackgirls（最令我感动的部分之一是国家对黑人妇女和黑人女孩的暴力），接着最后一句话提到Peopledobeautifulworkandleavebeautifulmessages.（人们做着漂亮的工作，留下漂亮的信息）可推断，查森认为这个项目创造了一些有意义的作品，所以A项“它创造了一些有意义的艺术作品”符合题意。B项“它帮助扩大了涂鸦艺术的影响”和C项“它开始了许多有创造力的艺术家的职业生涯”最后一段都没有提及；D项“它只关注黑人女性的痛苦”表述非常绝对，D项错误。因此，该题选择A项正确。

13.单选题

Heknowslittleofmathematics,and（

）ofchemistry.

问题1选项

A.evenmore

B.stillless

C.noless

D.stillmore

【答案】B

【解析】考查比较级。even,still修饰表示级，意为“更……”，little的比较级为less，因此选B。

句意：他数学懂得很少，化学懂得更少了。

14.单选题

Inalettertoafriend,GeorgeOrwellwrote,“ItisimpossibletomentionJewsinprint,eitherfavorablyorunfavorably,withoutgettingintotrouble.”Buttherearetimeswhentroublehadbetterbegotintobeforemeretroubleturnsintocatastrophe.Jews,blacks,andhomosexualistsaredespisedbythemajoritiesofEastandWest.Also,asaresultoftheinventionofIsrael,JewscannowcountonthehatredoftheIslamicworld.SinceAmerica’sownChristianmajoritylookstobegettingreadyforgreatadventuresathomeandabroad,Iwouldsuggestthatthethreedespisedminoritiesjoinforcesinordernottobedestroyed.Thisseemsanobviousthingtodo.Unfortunately,mostJewsrefusetoseeanysimilaritybetweentheirspecialsituationandthatofthesame-sexers.Atonelevel,theJewsareperfectlycorrect.Aracialorreligiousortribalidentityisakindoffact.Althoughsexualpreferenceisanevenmorepowerfulfact,itisnotonethatcreatesanyparticularsocialorculturalorreligiousbondbetweenthoseso-minded.AlthoughJewswoulddoubtlessbeJewsiftherewasnoanti-Semitism,same-sexerswouldthinklittleornothingatallabouttheirpreferenceifsocietyignoredit.Sothereisadifferencebetweenthetwoestates.ButthereisnodifferenceinthedegreeofhatredfeltbytheChristianmajorityforChrist-killersandSodomites.IntheGermanconcentrationcamps,Jewsworeyellowstarswhilehomosexualistsworepinktriangles.IwaspresentwhenChristopherIsherwood