考研考博-英语-新乡职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-新乡职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Mobileofficeisthemutualproductofeconomic,scientific,andsocialprogress.Mobileofficehasbecomeasolutionthatprovidesuserswithconvenient,prompt,safe,reliable,andreasonablypricedcommunicationsandofficefacultyanywhereanytimeviathesupportofmobileinterconnectionplatform(MIP)anditsapplicationssystems.

Whenyouleaveyourofficetoattendmeetingsortravelonbusiness,whatwouldhappentoyourbusinessroutine?Ofcourse,faxesande-mailswouldbestillsenttoyourfaxmachineore-mailbox,butyoucannotreadthemandmakepromptreactiontimely.Whenyourclientsneedyoutomakesomeurgentmodificationsonyourworkandyouareneitherintheofficenorcarryingrelevantdocuments,whatcanyoudo?Maybeyouhavetosay"sorry"totheclients.Butyourbusinesswillbeaffected,theclientswillbeunhappyanddisappointedbecauseofyourdelay,andyouwilllosealotofbusinessopportunities.

Infact,veryfrequently,youneedtocheck,reply,distribute,display,modify,orreadsomematerialswhenyouarenotinyouroffice.Youmustgetoutofthisdilemma.Thebestsolutiontonormallyhandleyourbusinessanywhereanytimeandnottodisappointyourclientsistoletyouroffice"move"withyou.Thus,youcanhaveconvenient,prompt,safe,reliable,andreasonablypricedcommunicationsandofficefacultyanywhereanytime.Withthedevelopmentofcommunicationstechnology,networkapplication,andwirelessinterconnection,mobileofficehasbecomesimplerandsmaller,andevencanberealizedviaonemobilephonewithdatacommunicationsfunction.Thus,mobileofficehasalreadybeenputintoyourpocket,andofficemobilityhasbeenrealized.

Mobileofficehasprovidedpeoplewithconvenient,casualworkingenvironment,butatthesametimeitstillhassomeunsatisfactoryaspectssuchasmismatchingequipmentinterfaceandinadequatebattery.Nevertheless,webelievethatwithtechnicalprogress,peoplecancertainlyovercomeallkindsofdifficulties.Mobileofficewillmakeyourcareerunimpeded,andwillrealizethedreamofcompletelyfreecommunication.Userswillenjoymorecolorfullifeandbetterworkingenvironment,andusers'livingstandard,workingefficiency,andevenenterprises’productionefficiencywillcertainlybeimmenselyraised.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

2.Welearnfromthepassagethatwithoutmobileoffice,（）.

3.Thepassagesuggeststhatmobileofficeisnecessary,especiallywhen（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementbestexpressesthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?

5.Intheeyesoftheauthor,mobileoffice（）.

问题1选项

A.mobileofficeistheonlywaybywhichpeoplecouldenjoypromptandsafeworkingenvironment

B.withthedevelopmentofscience,mobileofficecomestoourlifeinevitably

C.peoplehadnoconvenientandreliablecommunicationsandofficefacultybefore

D.mobileinterconnectionplatformanditsapplicationsystemsisthecoreofmobileoffice

问题2选项

A.youcannotputyourbusinessroutineasideorattendmeetings

B.youcannotreadfaxesande-mailswhenyoutravelonbusiness

C.youcannotmakeapologiestotheclientsforyourdelay

D.youcannotcatchanybusinessopportunitiesbecauseofbadworkingcondition

问题3选项

A.youneedtomakesomeurgentmodificationonyourwork

B.youneedtoreadandreplyfaxesande-mails

C.youareoutoftheofficetoattendmeetings

D.youcanputthemobileofficeintoyourpocket

问题4选项

A.Whenyouleaveyouroffice,youshouldnotforgetyourbusinessroutine.

B.Youwilllosealotofbusinessopportunitiesifyoualwaysdelayyourwork.

C.Whenyouleaveyouroffice,yourbusinessroutinewouldbeharmed.

D.Whenyoucannotmeettheneedofyourclients,youshouldsay“sorry”.

问题5选项

A.hassomefatalshortcomings

B.istooexpensivetoafford

C.wouldberealizedinthefuture

D.hasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。由第一段“Mobileofficehasbecomeasolutionthatprovidesuserswithconvenient,prompt,safe,reliable,andreasonablypricedcommunicationsandofficefacultyanywhereanytimeviathesupportofmobileinterconnectionplatform(MIP)anditsapplicationssystems.移动办公通过移动互联平台（MIP）及其应用系统的支持，已成为一种为用户提供方便、及时、安全、可靠、价格合理的通信和办公能力的解决方案。”可知D项“移动互联平台及其应用系统是移动办公的核心”正确。

2.细节事实题。由第二段“Whatwouldhappentoyourbusinessroutine?Ofcourse,faxesande-mailswouldbestillsenttoyourfaxmachineore-mailbox,butyoucannotreadthemandmakepromptreactiontimely.你的日常工作会发生什么?当然，传真和电子邮件仍然会发送到你的传真机或电子信箱，但你不能及时阅读并且做出迅速反应。”可知B项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第三段“Infact,veryfrequently,youneedtocheck,reply,distribute,display,modify,orreadsomematerialswhenyouarenotinyouroffice.Youmustgetoutofthisdilemma.Thebestsolutiontonormallyhandleyourbusinessanywhereanytimeandnottodisappointyourclientsistoletyouroffice"move"withyou.事实上，当你不在办公室的时候，你经常需要检查、回复、分发、展示、修改或阅读一些材料。你必须摆脱这种困境。要想在任何时间、任何地点正常处理业务，又不让客户失望，最好的办法就是让你的办公室随你一起“移动”。”可知当不在办公室里时，最需要移动办公。故C项正确。AB两项都缺乏一个前提即人不在办公室。D项与题干无关。

4.主旨大意题。第二段主要讲述了当你离开办公室去出差或参加会议时，如果没有移动办公，你的日常商务活动会受影响。故C项正确。

5.细节事实题。由最后一段“Mobileofficehasprovidedpeoplewithconvenient,casualworkingenvironment,butatthesametimeitstillhassomeunsatisfactoryaspectssuchasmismatchingequipmentinterfaceandinadequatebattery.移动办公为人们提供了方便、随意的工作环境，但同时也存在着设备接口不匹配、电池不足等不尽人意的方面。”可知作者认为移动办公既有优点也有缺点。故D项正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

2.单选题

NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom（

）onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

问题1选项

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.configuration布局；结构B.constitution构成

C.condemnation谴责D.contamination污染

【答案】D

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】这里的ratherthan表示“而不是”的意思。句意为有机化学物来自……而不是来自火星上的真菌。根据句子逻辑，应该是有机化学物来自地球上的污染。D“污染”符合逻辑。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】现在，《科学》杂志上的一篇论文认为，岩石中的有机化学物质主要来自地球上的污染，而不是火星上的细菌。

3.单选题

MostscholarsagreethatIsaacNewton,whileformulatingthelawsofforceandgravityandinventingthecalculusinthelate1600s,probablyknewallthesciencetherewastoknowatthetime.Intheensuing350yearsanestimated50millionresearchpapersandinnumerablebookshavebeenpublishedinthenaturalsciencesandmathematics.ThemodemhighschoolstudentprobablynowpossessesmorescientificknowledgethanNewtondid.Yetsciencetomanypeopleseemstobeanimpenetrablemountainoffacts.

Onewayscientistshavetriedtocopewiththismountainisbybecomingmoreandmorespecialized.Anotherstrategyforcopingwiththemountainofinformationistolargelyignoreit.Thatshouldn’tcomeasasurprise.Sure,youhavetoknowalottobeascientist,butknowingalotisnotwhatmakesascientist.Whatmakesascientistisignorance.Thismaysoundridiculous,butforscientiststhefactsarejustastartingplace.Inscience,everynewdiscoveryraises10newquestions.

Bythiscalculus,ignorancewillalwaysgrowfastertheknowledge.Scientistsandlaypeoplealikewouldagreethatforallwehavecometoknow,thereisfarmorewedon'tknow.Moreimportant,everydaythereisfarmoreweknowwedon'tknow.Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant-notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivate,high-qualityignorance.Thisgetstotheessenceofwhatscientistsdo-theymakedistinctionsbetweenqualitiesofignorance.Theydoitingrantproposalsandoverbeersatmeetings.AsJamesClerkMaxwell,probablythegreatestphysicistbetweenNewtonandEinstein,said,"Thoroughlyconsciousignoranceisapreludetoeveryrealadvanceinknowledge.

Thisperspectiveonscience-thatitisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers-shouldcomeassomethingofarelief.Itmakessciencelessthreateningandfarmorefriendlyandinfact,fun.Sciencebecomesaseriesofelegantpuzzlesandpuzzleswithinpuzzles-andwhodoesn’tlikepuzzles?Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings.

LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience-thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.Butifscientistswouldtalkaboutthequestions,andifthemediareportednotonlyonnewdiscoveriesbutthequestionstheyansweredandthenewpuzzlestheycreated,andifeducatorsstoppedtraffickinginfactsthatarealreadyavailableonWikipedia-thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations.

1.Whichofthefollowingisbestsupportedinthispassage?

2.Whyisitareliefthatscienceisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers?

3.Theexpression"takeabackseat"inparagraph5probablymeans（

）.

4.Whatistheauthor’sgreatestconcerninthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Ascientistisamasterofknowledge.

B.Knowledgegeneratesbetterignorance.

C.Ignoranceisasignoflackofeducation.

D.Goodscientistsarethoroughlyignorant.

问题2选项

A.Becausepeoplelikesolvingpuzzles.

B.Becausequestionsmakescienceaccessible.

C.Becausetherearemorequestionsthananswers.

D.Becausequestionspointthewaytodeepanswers.

问题3选项

A.takeabackplace.

B.haveadifferentrole.

C.beofgreaterpriority.

D.becomelessimportant

问题4选项

A.Theinvolvementofthepublicinscience.

B.Scientists'enjoymentofignorance.

C.Theaccumulationofscientificknowledge.

D.Newton’sstandinginthehistoryofscience.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。题目提问‘以下哪一项在这篇文章中得到了最好的支持？’根据第三段中“Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant-notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivate,high-qualityignorance.科学知识的一个关键成果是产生新的、更好的无知方式——不是那种与缺乏好奇心或教育相关的无知，而是一种有教养的、高质量的无知。”确定B选项“知识产生更好的无知”正确。

2.推理判断题。题干：为什么科学关注的是问题而不是答案？由题干中的question、answer可定位到文章第四段最后一句“Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings”，作者认为，人们更容易了解问题（questionsarealsomoreaccessible）。因此选项B符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目提问‘第5段中"takeabackseat”是什么意思？’根据文章“LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience-thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.最近，科学的这一面在公众心目中……，我称之为科学的累积观点对我们来说，这一堆事实太多而永远无法企盼征服。”以及根据文章最后一句话中“apubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventure一位公众再次参与了这场伟大的冒险”可知此处表示公众对科学的对比态度，D选项“变得不那么重要了”正确。

4.推理判断题。题干：作者在这篇文章中最关心的是什么？全文讲的是科学与大众的关系，文章最后总结道“thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations”，作者关注的是让大众参与到科学中来。因此选项A符合题意。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

4.单选题

Theoldprofessorhashadthefluforalongtimebuthehasfinally（）andisbackintheoffice.

问题1选项

A.gotover

B.gotoverit

C.gotthrough

D.gotupit

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。getover“克服;恢复”，后面接宾语；getthrough“通过；到达”；getup“起床”由后半句“isbackintheoffice回到办公室”可知，教授的病好了，恢复了健康，故B项正确。句意：这位老教授患流感很长时间了，但是最终他恢复了，并且回到了办公室。

5.单选题

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisallverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign,otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepartofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsonceatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofroadsmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-owner-shipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

1.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby（

）.

2.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therule...”(Paral)impliesthat（

）.

3.By“goodsense”(Line1,Para2),thewritermeans（

）.

4.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,（

）.

5.Inthewriter’sopinion（

）.

问题1选项

A.people’sattitudetowardstheroad-hog

B.therhythmofmodernlife

C.thebehaviorofthedriver

D.trafficconditions

问题2选项

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally

C.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hog

D.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists

问题3选项

A.thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

B.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultandsevereconditions

C.thedriver’stoleranceofrudeorevensavagebehavior

D.thedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations

问题4选项

A.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice

B.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

问题5选项

A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

B.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

C.rudedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldavoidtrafficjams

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一句指出“Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife（把问题归咎于交通堵塞、汽油价格和现代生活的快节奏是很好的）”，但后面有一个转折词but引出重要的原因，“butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible（但道路上的礼节问题正变得恐怖）”。因此C项“司机的行为”正确。

2.判断推理题。根据题干可定位至第一段“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule（你可以容忍古怪、粗鲁、不体谅人的司机，但现今彬彬有礼的司机却实属罕见）”，由此推断，D项“现在不礼貌的司机占大多数”正确。

3.语义题。由题干定位至第二段第一句“Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo（道路上的礼节不仅仅是礼貌，也是一种良好的意识）”。后面具体说到“Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriversto…helpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmodemtrafficconditions（只有头脑冷静、脾气温和的司机在遇到不文明的行为时，才能抵制进行报复的诱惑。另一方面，礼貌可以缓和开车时的紧张气氛。接着，又具体地说明对别人礼貌的行为，如友好地点头或摆手示意有利于创造出一种友好和宽容的氛围）”。因此，“goodsense”指司机不仅自己礼貌，而且对别人的礼貌做出反应，故选A项“司机的正确理解能力和理智地做出反应的能力”。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词定位至最后一段“Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecarownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregiveandtakefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart（几年前，专家警告我们，汽车拥有量的突增要求所有马路使用者的互谅互让。现在是我们大家把这一信息牢记在心的时候了）”。因此B项“司机们应该准备好互相谦让”正确。

5.判断推理题。文章第三段指出“However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous（然而，不适当的道路理解可能是危险的）”。紧接着作者举了一些例子来说明。也就是说，司机们不仅要注意道路上的礼节问题，还要注意礼貌行为是否适时适当。否则可能反而会有危险的后果。因此，B项“司机的礼貌行为应当适当”正确。

6.单选题

Theweedsandtallgrassinthatyardmakethehouselookaslongasithasbeenvacantforquite

A

B

C

D

sometime.

问题1选项

A.weeds

B.make

C.look

D.aslongas

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定短语。aslongas意为“只要”，与句意不符，故用asif（好像，似乎）。

句意：院子里的杂草使得这座房子看起来似乎荒废了很久。

试题答案：D;asif

7.单选题

Parentsusedtohavea（）againstrockandrollintheearly1980’s.

问题1选项

A.prediction

B.prejudice

C.preference

D.prominence

【答案】B

【解析】词义辨折题。prediction预言；prejudice偏见；preference偏爱；prominence显著,

突出。句意：在20世纪80年代初,

父母们就对摇滚乐有偏见。选项B符合句意。

8.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassageintoChinese

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclassesfiction,biography,poetry―weshouldseparatethemandlakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionwhenweread,whatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor,trytobecomehim.Behisfellowworkerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserveandcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefinesse,fromthetwistandturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,and,quaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.

【答案】既然书有小说、传记、诗歌之分，我们就应该把它们分类，从中吸收它们应该给予的知识。这说起来很容易。然而很少有人要求书本应该给予的知识。我们总是囫囵吞枣般去看书，要求小说必须真实，要求诗歌必须虚构，要求传记谄媚，要求历史书能加强自己的偏见。如果我们读书之前能抛开这些偏见，将会是一个好的开始。不要去强加你的想法给作者，而是要去理解他，成为他的伙伴。如果你将自己置身事外，并且从一开始就批判他，你就无法从书中获得最大的价值。但是如果你敞开心扉，那么书中精细入微的寓言和暗示便会让你从开头那些晦涩的句子中绕出来，把你带到一个独特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去钻研，你很快会发现，作者正向你阐述的或者是试图向你阐述的东西是一些比原来要明确得多的东西。

9.单选题

Thatmythicalbeast,homoeconomicus,isutterlyclearaboutthepurposeofwork:togetpaid.Heiskeeneronleisurethanwork,andifmoneycanbegotwithouteffort,hedownstools.Ifrealpeoplefeelthesame,thenplentifulout-of-workbenefitsshouldbefoundinthesameplacesaswork-shycitizens.

Yetacross-countrycomparisonofbenefitsandattitudestoworkpublishedonJanuary28thfindspreciselytheoppositepattern.Researchersranked13countriesaccordingtotheirgenerosity(measuredbycomparingtypicalbenefitstothoseoutofworkwiththeaveragewageofaproductionworker)andtheircitizens’commitmenttowork(gaugedbyaskingwhethertheywouldworkiftheydidnotneedthecash,andwhethertheyregardedajobasmerelyawaytoearnaliving).Themoregenerousastateis,thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,theyfound.Britons,whosebenefitswereleastafterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofallonwork.

Onereasonmaybetheskillsmake-upoftheBritishworkforce.Theresearchersfound,logicallyenough,thatprofessionalsandgraduatesweremorepositiveaboutworkthantheunskilledandnon-graduates.FewerBritonsthanNorwegians(whocametoponworkcommitment)haveprofessionaljobsordegrees.Butthisdoesnotentirelyexplaintheircomparativeimmunitytotheattractionsofhardwork:Britonsofeverysocialclassandlevelofeducationwerelesskeenonworkthantheircounterpartselsewhere.

Couldthe“dependencyculture”currentlyexcercisingBritishpoliticiansbesolvedbyraisingbenefits?Unlikely,saysAlisonPark,editoroftheannualBritishSocialAttitudesReport,inwhichthestudyappeared:attitudestoworkvaryfromcountrytocountryformanyreasons.Thegenerosityofwhatthereportterms“encompassing”states,allNordicwithLutherantraditions,mayhavebeenmadepossiblebyastrongworkethic,ratherthanastrongercommitmenttoworkhavingemergedasaresultofit.

Andworkincentivesareaffectedbyfeaturesofwelfaresystemsotherthanoverallgenerosity:“corporatist”statessuchasGermany,whichpayhigherbenefitstothosewithalongerworkhistory,maybeencouragingpositiveattitudestoworkbysuchconditionality.Britain’slittlebenefits,bycontrast,arelargelyindependentofpreviousemployment,whichmaymeantheyareseenasanalternativetowork,ratherthanasoneofthegoodthingsthatflowfromit.

6.“Work-shycitizens”inthelastsentenceofparagraph1probablyreferstopeoplewhoare（）.

7.Fromparagraph2,welearnthat（）.

8.Britonsareunmotivatedintheirworkmainlydueto（）.

9.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?

10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

问题1选项

A.incompetentfortheirwork

B.ashamedoftheirwork

C.unwillingtodotheirwork

D.irresponsiblefortheirwork

问题2选项

A.Britons’averagewageisthelowestinEurope

B.Britonsrelyheavilyongovernmentwelfares

C.Britonspreferleisuretowork

D.Britonsarenotenthusiasticinwork

问题3选项

A.weakworkethic

B.insufficientworkskills

C.lazylifestyle

D.defectivewelfaresystem

问题4选项

A.AmericansareprobablylessinterestedintheirworkthanBritons.

B.NorwegiansexceedBritonsinprofessionaleducation.

C.PeopleinNordiccountriesaremorecommittedtotheirworkthanGermans.

D.Thewelfareof“encompassing”statesmightbebetterthanthatof“corporatist”states.10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

问题5选项

A.AttitudetoWork:DiligentorIdle?

B.AttitudetoWork:Can’torWon’t?

C.WelfareSystem:StimulatororInhibitor?

D.WelfareSystem:MoreGenerousorMoreReasonable?

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：第一段最后一句中的“work-shycitizens”可能指的是_________的人。通过关键词“work-shycitizens”可以定位到第一段最后一句话前后内容Ifrealpeoplefeelthesame,thenplentifulout-of-workbenefitsshouldbefoundinthesameplacesaswork-shycitizens.（如果现实中的人也一样如此，那么大量的失业福利应该在那些不愿工作的公民身上找到。），可知C选项“不愿去做他们的工作”符合题意。选项A“无法胜任他们的工作”，B选项“对自己的工作感到羞愧”，D选项“对他们的工作不负责任”。根据“失业福利”这个单词可知，Work-shycitizens指的是不愿工作而导致失业的人，所以A，B，D选项均不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。

2.推理判断题。题干：从第2段，我们可以学习到_______。根据第二段最后一句话Themoregenerousastateis,thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,theyfound.Britons,whosebenefitswereleastafterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofallonwork.（一个国家越慷慨，其人民就越热衷于工作。英国人紧随美国人之后，福利最微薄，他们对工作最不感兴趣。）可知，D选项“英国人对工作没有热情”，符合题意。A选项“英国人的平均工资是欧洲最低的”，文章表达的英国福利最差，并不是说平均工资最低，属于概念混淆，所以A选项不正确。B选项“英国人严重依赖政府福利”，英国人享受的福利是最差的，所以B选项的表述也不正确。C选项“比起工作，英国人更喜欢休闲”，文中并没有提及英国人喜欢休闲，属于无中生有，所以C选项也不正确。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。

3.事实细节题。题干：英国人在工作中缺乏积极性主要是因为_________。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句话Onereasonmaybetheskillsmake-upoftheBritishworkforce.Theresearchersfound,logicallyenough,thatprofessionalsandgraduatesweremorepositiveaboutworkthantheunskilledandnon-graduates.（其原因之一可能是英国劳动力的技能的构成。研究人员发现，符合逻辑的是，专业人士和大学毕业生对工作的态度比无技能和没有大学学历的人更积极。），所以B选项“工作技能不足”符合题意。A选项“薄弱的职业道德”，C选项“懒惰的生活方式”，D选项“有缺陷的福利系统”，这三个选项在此处并没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案为B选项。

4.推理判断题。题干：下列哪个选项可以从文章中推断出来？A选项“美国人对工作的兴趣可能不如英国人”，通过文章第二段最后一句话Themoregenerousastateis,thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,theyfound.Britons,whosebenefitswereleastafterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofallonwork.（一个国家越慷慨，其人民就越热衷于工作。英国人紧随美国人之后，福利最微薄，他们对工作最不感兴趣。），可知，美国人的福利待遇比英国好，所以美国人比英国人更加热爱工作，A选项不正确。通过文章第三段FewerBritonsthanNorwegians(whocametoponworkcommitment)haveprofessionaljobsordegrees.（拥有专业工作或学位的英国人少于挪威人（挪威人在工作承诺方面排名第一）），可知，B选项“挪威的职业教育超过了英国”，符合题意。通过文章第五段第二句话“corporatist”statessuchasGermany,whichpayhigherbenefitstothosewithalongerworkhistory,maybeencouragingpositiveattitudestoworkbysuchconditionality.（像德国这样的“社团主义”国家会给那些工龄较长的人更好的福利，他们可能通过这样的制约性来鼓励积极的工作态度。），所以德国人会更加投入工作，可推断出C选项“北欧国家的人比德国人对工作更投入”和D选项“包容国家的福利可能比社团主义国家更好”均不正确。综上所述，本题的正确答案为B选项。

5.主旨大意题。题干：下列哪一个是文章的最好的标题？文章第一段就指出，工作的目的就是获得报酬。第二段以英国人为例，说明人们对工作的积极性和国家的慷慨程度和福利有关。第三段指出英国人对工作不热情的另一个原因是缺乏技能。第四段指出每个国家对工作态度不同的原因有很多种，强烈的职业道德也是原因之一。第五段以德国的例子说明工作的动力还会受到福利体制的特点影响。文章主要说的是人的工作态度是积极的还是消极的受到方方面面的因素影响，所以本题选B选项“工作态度：不能还是不愿意？”正确。A选项“工作态度：勤奋还是懒惰?”对主旨的概括不够贴切，C、D选项都在说福利待遇，不能全面概括文章内容。综上所述，本题的正确答案为B选项。

10.单选题

Somereaders,especiallychildren,findhisworksamongthemost（）bookstheyeverread.

问题1选项

A.captivating

B.captivated

C.capturable

D.captious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。captivating“迷人的，有魅力的”；captivated“迷住，迷惑”，是captivate的过去分词形式；capturable“可捕获的”；captious“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”。句意：一些读者，尤其是孩子们，发现他的作品是他们读过最……。此处需填入形容词，根据句意，A选项符合。

11.单选题

InScotland,asintherestoftheUnitedKingdom,（）schoolingbeginsatage5andendsatage16.

问题1选项

A.compelling

B.forced

C.obliged

D.compulsory

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在苏格兰，和英国其他地方一样，义务教育从5岁开始，到16岁结束。

考查形容词辨析。compelling引人注目的，强制的；forced被迫的;obliged必须的；compulsory义务的。这里想表达“义务教育”，故选D。

12.单选题

Alltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyreadlovinglettersfromthefamilies.

问题1选项

A.sentimental

B.affectionate

C.intimate

D.sensitive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。loving意为“爱的，充满爱的”；sentimental意为“伤感的”；affectionate意为“深情的，挚爱的”；intimate意为“亲密的，亲近的”；sensitive意为“敏感的”。

句意：所有的海上石油探险家在读家里寄来的充满爱的信件时都兴高采烈。

13.单选题

Pricesforbikesatthatstorerun（）250dollars.

问题1选项

A.ashighas

B.ashighto

C.sohighto

D.sohighas

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。ashighas/to都意为“高达”，但是后面明确接的是高达的数字时，用to。as虽然也是高达，但是用在两者作为比较的时候用的，如Tomisashighashissister.句意：那家商店的自行车价格高达250美元。因此B选项正确。

14.单选题

Thistypeofchair,easily____orfoldedaway,isidealforuseinthegarden.

问题1选项

A.putout

B.putin

C.putup

D.putforth

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.putout熄灭B.putin投入（时间或精力）

C.putup使物体直立起来D.putforth提出

【答案】C

【考查点】词组辨析与语义衔接

【解题思路】空格处所填短语的主语为“这种类型的椅子”，并且该短语与后文“折叠起来”并列，因此，C选项putup“使物体直立起来”与原句语义衔接最紧密，指的是把折叠椅打开摆放。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项与原句语义衔接不当。

【句意】这种椅子易于摆放或折叠，非常适合在花园里使用。

15.单选题

AstronomersattheUniversityofCaliforniadiscoveredoneofthemostdistant（）.

问题1选项

A.paradoxes

B.paradises

C.galaxies

D.shuttles

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项paradoxes“自相矛盾的事物”；B选项paradises“天堂”；C选项galaxies“星系”；D选项shuttles“班车”。句意：加利福尼亚大学的天文学家发现了一个最遥远的星系。本句表示天文学家发现星系，因此C选项正确。

16.单选题

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.It