考研考博-英语-六盘水师范学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-六盘水师范学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

ConflicthadexistedbetweenSpainandEnglandsincethe1570s.EnglandwantedashareofthewealththatSpainhadbeentakingfromthelandsithadclaimedintheAmericas.ElizabethⅡ,QueenofEngland,encouragedherstaunchadmiralofthenavy,SirFrancisDrake,toraidSpanishshipsandtowns.Thoughtheseraidswereonasmallscale,Drakeachieveddramaticsuccess,addinggoldandsilvertoEngland’streasuryanddiminishingSpain’ssupremacy.Religiousdifferencesalsocausedconflictbetweenthetwocountries.WhereasSpainwasRomanCatholic,mostofEnglandhadbecomeProtestant.KingPhilipⅡofSpainwantedtoclaimthethroneandmakeEnglandaCatholiccountryagain.

TosatisfyhisambitionandalsotoretaliateagainstEngland’stheftofhisgoldandsilver,KingPhilipbegantobuildhisfleetofwarships,theSpanishArmada,inJanuary1586.Philipintendedhisfleettobeindestructible.Inadditiontobuildingnewwarships,hemarshaled130sailingvesselsofalltypesandrecruitedmorethan19,000robustsoldiersand8,000sailors.Althoughsomeofhisshipslackedgunsandotherslackedammunition,PhilipwasconvincedthathisAmadacouldwithstandanybattlewithEngland.

ThemartialArmadasetsailfromLisbon,Portugal,onMay9,1588,butbadweatherforceditbacktoport.ThevoyageresumedonJuly22aftertheweatherbecamemorestable.TheSpanishfeetmetthesmaller,faster,andmoremaneuverable.EnglishshipsinbattleoffthecoastofPlymouth,England,firstonJuly31andagainonAugust2.ThetwobattlesleftSpainvulnerable,havinglostseveralshipsandwithitsammunitiondepleted.OnAugust7,whiletheArmadalayatanchorontheFrenchsideoftheStraitofDover,EnglandsenteightburningshipsintothemidstoftheSpanishfleettosetitonfire.Blockedononeside,theSpanishshipscouldonlydriftawaytheircrewsinpanicanddisorder.BeforetheArmadacouldregroup,theEnglishattackedagainonAugust8.

AlthoughtheSpaniardsmadeavaliantefforttofightback,thefleetsufferedextensivedamage.Duringtheeighthoursofbattle,theArmadadriftedperilouslyclosetotherockycoastline.AtthemomentwhenitseemedthattheSpanishshipswouldbedrivenontotheEnglishshore,thewindshifted,andtheArmadadriftedoutintotheNorthSea.TheSpaniardsrecognizedthesuperiorityoftheEnglishfleetandreturnedhome,defeated.

1.SirFrancisDrakeaddedwealthtothetreasuryanddiminishedSpain’s________.

2.KingPhiliprecruitedmany________soldiersandsailors.

3.The________ArmadasetsailonMay9,1588.

4.ThetwobattleslefttheSpanishfleet________.

5.TheArmadawas________ononeside.

问题1选项

A.unlimitedpower

B.unrestrictedgrowth

C.territory

D.treaties

问题2选项

A.warlike

B.strong

C.accomplished

D.timid

问题3选项

A.complete

B.warlike

C.independent

D.isolated

问题4选项

A.opentochange

B.triumphant

C.opentoattack

D.defeated

问题5选项

A.closedoff

B.damaged

C.alone

D.circled

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第四句Thoughtheseraidswereonasmallscale,Drakeachieveddramaticsuccess,addinggoldandsilvertoEngland’streasuryanddiminishingSpain’ssupremacy.（虽然这些突袭的规模很小，但是德雷克取得了引人注目的成功，为英格兰国库增加了黄金和白银，削弱了西班牙的霸主地位。），supremacy的意思为“至高无上；最大权力；最高地位”，所以A选项“无限力量”正确。B选项“无限制的增长”，C选项“领土”和D选项“条约”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句hemarshaled130sailingvesselsofalltypesandrecruitedmorethan19,000robustsoldiersand8,000sailors.（他指挥了130艘各类帆船，招募了19,000多名强壮的士兵和8,000多名水手。），robust的意思为“强壮的；强劲的”，在这里B选项“强壮的”正确。A选项“好战的；军事的”，C选项“技艺高超的”和D选项“胆小的”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据第二段第三句Althoughsomeofhisshipslackedgunsandotherslackedammunition,PhilipwasconvincedthathisAmadacouldwithstandanybattlewithEngland.（尽管他的一些船只缺少枪支和弹药，但菲利普坚信他的无敌舰队可以抵抗任何与英国的战争。），可知这支舰队是用于军事的，所以B选项“军事的”正确。A选项“完整的”，C选项“独立的”和D选项“孤立的”：根据第三段第一句ThemartialArmadasetsailfromLisbon,Portugal,onMay9,1588,butbadweatherforceditbacktoport.（1588年5月9日，“无敌舰队”从葡萄牙里斯本起航，但恶劣的天气迫使它返回港口。），这里没有提到是否是整支舰队参与行动，并且这些参与行动的船只一起行动，并没有独立和孤立，故错误。因此B选项正确。

4.事实细节题。根据第三段第四句ThetwobattlesleftSpainvulnerable,havinglostseveralshipsandwithitsammunitiondepleted.（这两场战役使西班牙变得脆弱不堪，损失了几艘战舰，也耗尽了弹药。），vulnerable意思为“易受攻击的”，所以C选项“易受攻击”正确，A选项“接受改变”，B选项“大获全胜”和D选项“战败”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。

5.事实细节题。根据第三段倒数第二句Blockedononeside,theSpanishshipscouldonlydriftawaytheircrewsinpanicanddisorder.（西班牙船只被堵在一边，船员们只能在恐慌和混乱中漂流。），Blocked意思为“封锁”，所以A选项“封锁”正确。B选项“破坏”，C选项“单独的”和D选项“包围的”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。

2.单选题

Thisbookisexpectedto____thebest-sellerlists.

问题1选项

A.promote

B.prevail

C.dominate

D.exemplify

【答案】C

【解析】

【选项释义】

A.promote促进；推动B.prevail普遍存在；盛行；流行

C.dominate支配；控制；左右；影响D.exemplify是……的典型（或典范、榜样）

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：这本书有望……畅销书排行榜。根据句意，这本书应该是能够在排行榜上居榜首，因此选C选项dominate“支配；控制；左右；影响”支配榜首可引申为在排行榜上占主导地位的意思，符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合句意。

【句意】这本书有望在畅销书排行榜上占据主导地位。

3.单选题

Shelikesthe（）flowerinsteadofthenaturalone.

问题1选项

A.article

B.adventure

C.ancient

D.artificial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项article“文章”；B选项adventure“冒险”；C选项ancient“古代的”；D选项artificial“人造的，仿造的”。句意：她喜欢人造花而不喜欢天然花。选项D符合语境。

4.单选题

John'sapplicationfor（）tograduatestudiesintheSchoolofEducationhasbeenapproved.

问题1选项

A.entrance

B.admission

C.experience

D.allowance

【答案】B

【解析】句意:约翰在教育学院的研究生课程申请已经得到批准。

考查名词辨析。entrance入口，通道;admission进入权，（机构、组织等的）准许加入；admissiontosth.…入场券；experience经脸，经历；allowance津贴，补贴，免税额。因此B项符合句意跟搭配。

5.单选题

Manyathletestakeextravitaminsasa______totheirdietwhentheyarepreparingforcompetition.

问题1选项

A.nutrition

B.compliment

C.supplement

D.component

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。nutrition“营养”；compliment“恭维，称赞”；supplement“增补，补充”；component“组成部分”。句意：当为比赛做准备时，许多运动员把额外的维生素作为饮食的补充。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Shecalledontheman.

B.Shewenttothebank.

C.Shemadeabusinessplan.

D.Shepaidhermortgage.

问题2选项

A.Shedidn’tpayhermortgageintime.

B.Shehadapparentlyaskedfortoomuch.

C.Hercredithistorywasconsideredpoor.

D.Herpreviousdebthadn’tbeenclearedyet.

问题3选项

A.Startherownbusiness.

B.Buyapieceofproperty.

C.Payadebtlongoverdue.

D.Checkhercredithistory.

问题4选项

A.Buildupherownfinancesstepbystep.

B.Reviseherbusinessproposalcarefully.

C.Askforsmallerloansfromdifferentlenders.

D.Seekadvicefromanexpertaboutfundraising.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】ConversationTwo

M:[5]Howdiditgoatthebankthismorning?

W:Notwell,myproposalwasrejected.

M:Really,butwhy?

W:Bunchofreasons.Forstarters,[6]theysaidmycredithistorywasnotgoodenough.

M:Dotheysayhowyoucouldimprovethat?

W:Yes,theysaidthatafterfivemoreyearsofpayingmymortgage,thenIwillbecomeamoreviablecandidateforabusinessloan.Butrightnow,it’stooriskyforthemtolendmemoney.TheyfearIwilldefaultonanybusinessloanI’mgiven.

M:Well,thatdoesn’tsoundfair.Yourbusinessideaisamazing.Didyoushowthemyourbusinessplan?

Whatdidtheysay?

W:Theydidn’treallyarticulateanypositionregardingtheactualbusinessplan.Theysimplylookedatmycredithistoryanddetermineditwasnotgoodenough.Theysaidthebankhasstrictguidelinesandrequirementsastowhotheycanlendmoneyto.AndIsimplydon’tmeettheirfinancialthreshold.

M:Whatifyouaskforasmalleramount?[8]Maybeyoucouldgathercapitalfromothersources,smallerloansfrommorelenders?

W:Youdon’tgetit.Itdoesn’tmatterthesizeoftheloanIaskfororthetypeofbusinessIpropose.That’sallinconsequential.ThefirstthingeverybankwilldoisstudyinghowmuchmoneyIhaveandhowmuchdebtIhavebeforetheydecidewhetherornottolendmeanymoremoney.[7]IfIwanttocontinueaheadwiththisdreamofowningmyownbusiness,Ihavenootherchoicebuttobuildupmyownfinances.Ineedaround20%moreinpersonalsavingsand50%lessdebt.That’sallthereistoit.

M:Iseenow.Well,it’sahugepitythattheyrejectedyourrequest,butdon’tlosehope.Istillthinkthatyourideaisgreatandthatyouwillturnitintoaphenomenalsuccess.

5.Whatdidthewomandothismorning?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问女士今天早上做了什么？对话开头，男士就问今天早上去银行怎么样，女士回答说不太好，由此可知，B选项“她去了银行”正确。A选项“她拜访了男士”在录音中未提及；C选项“她制定了一个商业计划”，利用录音中的businessplan设干扰，录音确实提到女士做了商业计划，但未明确商业计划是何时做的，因此C选项不正确；D选项“她付清按揭贷款”，录音中有提到payingmymortgage，但说的是女士还了5年的按揭贷款后，就更有可能申请商业贷款，这只是银行给的建议，并不是女士今天早上做的事情，因此D选项不正确。

6.Whywasthewoman’sproposalrejected?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问为什么女士的提议被拒绝了？女士提到提议被拒绝的原因首先是银行说她的信用记录不够好，因此C选项“她的信用记录被认为很差”正确。A选项“她没有及时偿还按揭贷款”在录音中没有提及；B选项“她显然要求太多了”，录音中提到与女士要求的贷款规模或提议的业务类型无关，这都是无关紧要的，由此可知，B选项不正确；D选项“她以前的债务还没还清”，录音中说到女士需要多20%的个人储蓄，少50%的债务，也就是说她被拒绝的原因不仅仅是债务未还清，因此D选项不选。

7.Whatisthewomanplanningtodo?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问女士打算做什么？女士提到如果她想实现“拥有自己的公司”这个梦想，别无选择，只能增强自己的财力。由此可知女士是打算“自己开公司”，因此A选项正确。B选项“买一处房产”中的apieceofproperty和C选项“支付拖欠已久的债务”中的longoverdue在录音中均未提及；D选项“检查她的信用记录”也没有信息表明，因此不正确。

8.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问男士建议女士做什么？录音中男士建议女士或许可以从其他渠道筹集资金，从更多的贷款人那里获得多笔小额贷款，C选项“向不同的贷款人申请小额贷款”与录音表述一致，因此正确。A选项“逐步增强她自己的财力”利用录音中的buildupmyownfinances作干扰，这是女士自己的打算，并不是男士的建议；B选项“仔细修改她的商业计划书”和D选项“向专家寻求关于筹款的建议”在录音中均未提及。

7.单选题

Thefather,whowasilliterate,saidtohissonthathewas______dogtolearnnewtricks.

问题1选项

A.tooolda

B.atooold

C.soolda

D.asoold

【答案】A

【解析】考查句式。根据句意可知本题主要考查too...todo“太……而不能……”，故可排除C选项和D选项。too＋adj.＋a(an)＋n.＋todo/tobedone，这个句型在too＋形容词后再接一个带不定冠词的名词，不定冠词一定要放在形容词后，只有当too后形容词修饰一个可数名词时，才可以在形容词与名词间加不定冠词“a/an”。当句子主语是动词不定式的执行者时，用todo主动式，当主语是动词不定式的承受者时，则用tobedone被动式。句意：那位父亲不识字，对他儿子说自己简直就是一只老狗，哪还学得了什么新把戏。所以该句中应用tooolda...而不用atooold...，因此A选项正确。

8.填空题

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(41)Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles.

Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelifestyleoftheanimal,andthatpredatorsarestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.(42)Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheirearstoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?(43)

Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.(44)Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal’svulnerability,RayMeddisofLondonUniversityhassuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalsthataretoostupidtobequiteontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.(45)

A.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.

B.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.

C.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlytrue.

D.Sleepisveryancient.

E.Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?

F.Deeplyinvolvedwiththisnewtechnologyisabreedofmodernbusinesspeoplewhohaveagrowingrespectfortheeconomicvalueofdoingbusinessabroad.

【答案】41.D

42.A

43.E

44.B

45.C

【解析】41.第一段的句子中提到了extendback，意为“追溯”，而且后面两段提到了一个关键复现词sleep，所以第一段开头填D项“睡眠是非常古老的”正确。

42.第二段第一句提到了dreaming和dreamless，第三句讲了dreamless，所以这里是对dreaming和dreamless分别叙述，第二句肯定是和dream相关的，故A项“在有梦睡眠中，动物被有力地固定住，对外界刺激明显没有反应”正确。

43.第二段倒数第三句提到“与聪明的动物相比，愚蠢的动物在深度睡眠时不太会动弹”，然后就提出了一个问题Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?（但他们为什么要睡得深呢？），并且第二段提到了一个highlyevolved，所以结合选项可知，该题选择E项“为什么会进化出这样一种深度静止的状态？”正确。

44.最后一段开头提到了dolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle（海豚、鲸鱼以及水生哺乳动物睡眠都很少），所以后面要解释其原因。而第二段有提到“在自然选择中，聪明的动物都不会让自己进行深度睡眠”，故选B项“总的来说，海洋里没有藏身之处”正确。

45.最后一段提到Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefact（关于睡眠的原始功能，也许可以从这一事实中找到有用的线索），所以这一段是回答第二段后面的两个问题，然后作者论述了一个观点，最后一句肯定是总结，所以该题选择C项“这是一个有趣的观点，可能至少部分是正确的”正确。

9.单选题

Doyouagreewiththesayingthatthemonkeywasthe（

）ofhumanrace?

问题1选项

A.offspring

B.successor

C.breeder

D.predecessor

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项offspring“后代，子孙”；B选项successor“继承者”；C选项breeder“饲养员，繁殖者”；D选项predecessor“前身，祖先”。句意：你同意猴子是人类祖先的说法吗?选项D符合句意。

10.单选题

Tocompensateforthesubstantialdeclineintheavailabilityoffossilfuelsinfutureyears,wewillhavetoprovideatleast（）alternativeenergysource.

问题1选项

A.ananticipated

B.anofficial

C.anequivalent

D.aredundant

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：为了弥补未来几年中矿物燃料供应量的大幅度下降，我们不得不提供一种至少是（）的替代能源。

anticipated预期的，期望的；official官方的，正式的，公务的；equivalent等价的，相等的；redundant多余的，过剩的。C选项“相等的”符合句意。

11.单选题

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines;theBug-EyedMonsterembodyingeveryfeaturethatmostpeoplefindrepulsive.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesintherelationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,theaspectsofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudying—fornootherliteraryformdoesquitethesamethings.

Thequestionis:whatissciencefiction?Andtheanswermustbe,unfortunately,thattherehavebeenfewattemptstoconsiderthisquestionatanylengthorwithmuchseriousness;itmaywellbethatsciencefictionwillresistanycomprehensivedefinitionofitscharacteristics.Tosaythis,however,doesnotmeanthattherearenowaysofdefiningitnorthatvariousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified.Tobeginwith,thefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowtheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwithnecessarilybemodifiedandexpanded,andprobablychanged,inthecourseofthisexploration,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointsofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown;thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarge.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionthatistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.

Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefictioningeneralappliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,whethershortstoryornovel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asettingcharacters,language,andtheme.Andlikeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticularcombinationofnarratorstory,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.

1.Sciencefictioniscalledaliterarysubgenrebecause______.

2.Theviewofsciencefictionencouragedbypulpmagazines,whilewrong,isnevertheless______.

3.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagewouldbe______.

4.Theauthor’sdefinitionsuggeststhatallsciencefictiondealswith______.

5.Oneimplicationofthefinalsentenceinthepassageisthat______.

问题1选项

A.itisnotimportantenoughtobealiterarygenre

B.itcannotbemadeintoadramaticpresentation

C.tocallita“genre”wouldsubjectittoliteraryjargon

D.itsharescharacteristicswithothertypesofprosefiction

问题2选项

A.popular

B.deranged

C.elegant

D.accurate

问题3选项

A.OntheInaccuraciesofPulpMagazines

B.ManandtheUniverse

C.TowardaDefinitionofScienceFiction

D.ATypeofProseFiction

问题4选项

A.thesametopicsaddressedbynovelsandshortstories

B.theunfamiliarorunusual

C.KarelCapek’swell-knownpostulate

D.theconflictbetweenscienceandfiction

问题5选项

A.therearereasonsforenjoyingsciencefiction

B.thereadershouldturnnexttocommentariesongeneralfiction

C.thereisnoreasonforanyreadernottolikesciencefiction

D.thosewhocanreadandanalyzefictioncanalsodosowithsciencefiction

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“科幻小说之所以被称为文学流派分支是因为……”。根据第三段最后一句Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionthatistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.（科幻小说是散文小说的一个分支，也就是说，它具有一般散文小说的所有基本特征和基本功能，即它与其他所有的小说和短篇故事有很多共同之处）可知，D项“它与其他类型的散文小说有共同的特点”正确；根据第一段Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines…Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.（许多人似乎认为科幻小说以一些老式低俗杂志的封面为代表……这是不幸的，因为它贬低了一个值得的，甚至是重要的文学努力）可知，科幻小说是重要的文学努力，A项“它还不够重要去成为一种文学体裁”错误；根据第三段中的Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction（只有少数戏剧可以被称为科幻小说）可知，科幻小说可以以戏剧形式出现，B项“不能以戏剧的形式表演”错误；根据第三段第一句Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone（科幻小说是文学的一个分支，这一点非常重要）可知，科幻小说就是属于文学流派分支，C项“称其为体裁会使它从属于文学流派”也不符合原文。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“被低俗杂志推崇的科幻小说这一的观点尽管是错误的，然而它却是……”。根据第一段Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines.（许多人似乎认为科幻小说以一些老式低俗杂志的封面为代表）可知，这种观点是非常普遍的，A项“流行的，普遍的”正确；B项“疯狂的”、C项“优雅的”和D项“准确的”表述都不够准确。因此，该题选择A项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章恰当的标题应该是……”。通读全文可知，文章主要是阐述科幻小说的定义，即它和散文小说有共同的特点，属于文学流派的分支，故C项“科幻小说的定义”最能概括全文；A项“关于低俗杂志的不准确性”和D项“散文小说的一种类型”都只是部分提及；B项“人与宇宙”没有提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者的定义表明，所有科幻小说都涉及……”。根据第三段最后一句ithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.（它具有一般散文小说的所有基本特征和基本功能，即它与其他所有的小说和短篇故事有很多共同之处）以及最后一段中的Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.（科幻小说中的主题的构建和呈现方式与其他任何类型的小说的主题处理方式完全相同）可以推断，A项“与小说和短篇故事一样的主题”是正确的；B项“不常见的或者是不寻常的事物”和D项“科学和小说间的冲突”在文中没有根据；C项“KarelCapek著名的假设”，文中第三段只提到了Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown（只有少数戏剧可以被称为科幻小说，其中KarelCapek的《Rossum’sUniversalRobots》是唯一著名的），可知C项无中生有。因此，该题选择A项正确。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“文章最后一个句子的含义是……”。文章最后一句话是Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.（简而言之，阅读和欣赏科幻小说的原因，以及研究和分析科幻小说的方式，基本上与阅读其他故事或小说的方式相同）可知，阅读和欣赏科幻小说的原因以及分析它的方式基本和其他故事或小说的方式基本相同，因此可以反推，能够阅读和分析小说的人也能读科幻小说，故D项“那些能读和分析小说的人也能读科幻小说”符合题意；A项“喜欢科幻小说是有原因的”只是句子的一段信息，并不是该句的含义；B项“读者应该求助于一般小说的评论”和C项“读者没有理由不喜欢科幻小说”在本句没有提到。因此，该题选择D项正确。

12.单选题

InthecowboymoviesproducedbyHollywood,the“badguys”（

）getpunishedattheend.

问题1选项

A.inevitably

B.doubtless

C.deliberately

D.readily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。inevitably“不可避免地；必然地”；doubtless“无疑地；确定地”；deliberately“故意地”；readily“容易地；乐意地”。句意：在好莱坞出品的西部影片中，那些“坏人们”最后都无法避免被惩罚。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

ItisincongruousthatthenumberofBritishinstitutionsofferingMBAcoursesshouldhavegrownby254percentduringaperiodwhentheeconomyhasbeenslidingintodeeperrecession.Optimists,orthosegiventospeed,assumptions,mightthinkitmarveloustohavesucharesourceofbusinessschoolgraduatesreadyfortherecovery.Unfortunately,thereisnowmuchdoubtaboutthevalueofthedegreenotleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves,sufferingastheyarefromtheeffectsofrecessionandfacingtheprospectofshrinkingmanagementstructures.

Whatwastakensomeyearsagoasaticketofcertainadmissiontosuccessisnowbeingexposedtothescrutinyofcost-consciousemployerswhoseek“can-dos”ratherthan“might-dos”,andwhofeelthatacademiahasnotbeensufficientlyappreciativeoftheneedsofindustryoroftheemployers’possiblecontribution.

Itiscurious,giventhenameofthedegree,thatthereshouldbenoleaguetableforUKbusinessschools;nounanimityaboutwhatthedegreeshouldencompass;andnoagreedsystemofaccreditation.Surelythereissomethingwrong.Onewonderswhereallthetutorsforthismassiveinfusionofbusinessexpertisecamefromandwhyallthismushroomingtookplace.

Perhapscompaniesthatmadelargeinvestmentswouldhavebeenwisertoinvestinalreadyexistingmanagers,perchedanxiouslyontheirowninternalladders.TheInstituteofManagement’s1992survey,whichrevealedthateighty-onepercentofmanagersthoughttheypersonallywouldbemoreeffectiveiftheyreceived-moretraining,suggeststhatthismightbethecase.Thereis,too,thefactthattrainingalonedoesnotmakesuccessfulmanagers.Theyneedtheinherentqualifications.Ofcharacter,adegreeofself-subjugation;and,aboveall,theabilitytocommunicateandlead;moresonow,whenempowermentisabuzzwordthatisatleastgeneratinggenuflections,ifnottotalconviction.

Onecaneasilythinkofpeople,somecomparativelyunlettered,whoarenowlaudedcaptainsofindustry.Wemay,therefore,notneedtobetooconcernedaboutthefallinapplicationsforbusinessschoolplaces,oreventhedoubtaboutMBAs.Theproliferationandsubsequentquestioningmayhavebeenaninevitableevolution.IftheManagementCharterInitiative,nowexploringtheintroductionofaseniormanagementqualification,issuccessful,therewillbeapowerfulcorrective.

Webelievenowthatmanagementisallaboutchange.Onehopestherewillbesomeofthatinrelationshipbetweenmanagementandsciencewithinindustry,currentlycausingconcernandwhichisoverdueforattention.Noonedoubtsthatweneedmorescientistsandinnovationtogiveusanedgeinanincreasinglycompetitiveworld.Ifscientistsfeelthemselvesundervaluedandunder-used,workinginindustrialghettos,thatisnotapromisingauguryforthefuture.Itseemswehavetoresolvethesemisapprehensionsbetweenscienceandindustry.Aboveall,wehavetomakesurethatmanagementisnotitselfsmugaboutitsstatusandthatitdoesnotissuemissionstatementsaboutcommunicationwithoutrealizingattheessenceofitisadialogue.Moreempowermentisrequiredandweshouldstrivetoachieveit.

16.Whatisthewriter’sviewinthereadingpassage?

17.Accordingtothepassage,employers____.

18.Accordingtothepassage____.

19.Inthewriter’sopinion____.

20.Whichoftheinformationistrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.HebelievesthattherearetoomanyMBAs.

B.Hebelievesthatthedegreeisover-valued.

C.Hebelievesthatstandardsareinconsistent.

D.Hebelievesthatthedegreehasdubiousvalue.

问题2选项

A.feelthattheyhavenotbeenconsultedsufficientlyabouttheirneeds

B.considerthatcost-consciousnessisthemostimportantqualification

C.aremoreconcernedaboutthevalueofthedegreethangraduatesthemselves

D.feelthatMBAswillnotbenecessarybecauseofshrinkingmanagementstructures

问题3选项

A.managersneedadegreeandtheabilitytocommunicate

B.trainingneedtobedoneingroupstobesuccessful

C.managerstodaymusthavegoodcommunicationandleadershipskills

D.industrialmanagersdonotneedtowriteletters

问题4选项

A.scienceincreasescompetition

B.scientistsareundervalued

C.themanagementofscienceneedsreassessment

D.managementfeelssmugaboutitsstatus

问题5选项

A.Mostmanagersinterviewedfeltthattheircolleaguesneededmoretraining.

B.Employerstodayarelookingforprovenexperienceratherthanpotentialability.

C.TheManagementCharterInitiativeisanattempttostandardizeMBAs.

D.CompanieswouldhavebenefitedmorefromrecruitingMBAsratherthaninvestingintheirownstaff.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】16.【选项释义】

Whatisthewriter’sviewinthereadingpassage?本文中作者的观点是什么？

A.HebelievesthattherearetoomanyMBAs.A.他认为，MBA学生太多了。

B.Hebelievesthatthedegreeisover-valued.B.他认为这个学位被高估了。

C.Hebelievesthatstandardsareinconsistent.C.他认为标准是不一致的。

D.Hebelievesthatthedegreehasdubiousvalue.D.他认为这个学位的价值值得怀疑。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】本题询问的是作者的观点。原文第3段第2句提到“对于该程度应包含什么内容，各方意见不一（nounanimity）；也没有公认的认证体系（noagreedsystem）”，由此可知，C选项“他认为标准不一致”表述正确，是作者的观点。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“他认为，MBA学生太多了”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；

B选项“他认为这个学位被高估了”，可定位到原文的1段最后一句，该句说到“如今，人们对这个学位的价值产生了很多怀疑，尤其是在MBA毕业生中（notleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves）。”由此可得，这是别人的观点，而非作者的观点，该选项属于张冠李戴；

D选项“他认为这个学位的价值值得怀疑”，同B选项，对该学位价值的怀疑是别人的观点，而非作者的观点，该选项属于张冠李戴。

17.【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,employers____.根据文章，雇主____。

A.feelthattheyhavenotbeenconsultedsufficientlyabouttheirneedsA.觉得他们的需求没有得到充分的咨询

B.considerthatcost-consciousnessisthemostimportantqualificationB.认为成本意识是最重要的资格

C.aremoreconcernedaboutthevalueofthedegreethangraduatesthemselvesC.比毕业生本身更关心学位的价值

D.feelthatMBAswillnotbenecessarybecauseofshrinkingmanagements