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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内蒙古北方职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题
Directions:Thereare15blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.
Aestheticthoughtofadistinctivelymodernartemergedduringthe18thcentury.Thewesternphilosophersandcriticsofthistimedevotedmuchattentiontosuchmatters(1)naturalbeauty,thesublime,andrepresentation—atrendreflectingthecentralpositiontheyhadgiventothephilosophyofnature.(2)thattime,however,thephilosophyofarthasbecomeevermoreprominentandhasbegunto(3)thephilosophyofnature.Variousissuescentraltothephilosophyofarthavehada(4)impact(5)theorientationof20th-centuryaesthetics.
(6)amongtheseareproblemsrelatingtothetheoryofartasformand(7)distinctionbetweenrepresentationandexpression.Stillanotherfar-reachingquestionhastodowiththevalueofart.Twoopposingtheoreticalpositions(8)onthisissue:oneholdsthatartanditsappreciationareameanstosomerecognizedmoralgood,(9)theothermaintainsthatartisintrinsicallyvaluableandisanendinitself.Underlyingthiswholeissueistheconceptoftaste,oneofthebasicconcernsofaesthetics.Inrecentyearstherehasalsobeenanincreasingpreoccupationwithartastheprimeobjectofcriticaljudgment.Correspondingtothetrendincontemporaryaestheticthought,(10)havefollowedeitheroftwoapproaches.Inone,criticismisrestrictedtotheanalysisandinterpretationoftheworkofart.(11)itisdevotedtothearticulatingtheresponsetotheaestheticobjectandto(12)aparticularwayofperceivingit.
Overtheyears,aestheticshasdevelopedintoabroadfieldofknowledgeandinquiry.Theconcernsofcontemporaryaestheticsincludesuch(13)problemsasthenatureofstyleanditsaestheticsignificance;therelationofaestheticjudgmenttoculture;theviabilityofahistoryofart;the(14)ofFreudianpsychologyandotherformsofpsychologicalstudytocriticism;andtheplaceofaestheticjudgmentinpractical(15)intheconductofeverydayaffairs.
问题1选项
A.for
B.as
C.to
D.with
问题2选项
A.Since
B.For
C.As
D.In
问题3选项
A.plant
B.supplant
C.transplant
D.replant
问题4选项
A.marking
B.remarking
C.marked
D.remarked
问题5选项
A.on
B.for
C.in
D.to
问题6选项
A.Foreboding
B.Foremost
C.Forethoughtful
D.Foregone
问题7选项
A.at
B.for
C.to
D.on
问题8选项
A.havebrought
B.havebeenbrought
C.havetaken
D.havebeentaken
问题9选项
A.whereas
B.wherein
C.whereon
D.wherefore
问题10选项
A.artists
B.writers
C.critics
D.analysts
问题11选项
A.Intheothermanner
B.Intheotherway
C.Inanother
D.Intheother
问题12选项
A.justify
B.justified
C.justifying
D.havingjustified
问题13选项
A.diverse
B.divided
C.divine
D.dividual
问题14选项
A.reliance
B.reliability
C.relief
D.relevancy
问题15选项
A.reason
B.reasonableness
C.reasoning
D.reasonability
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:A
第3题:B
第4题:C
第5题:A
第6题:B
第7题:C
第8题:D
第9题:A
第10题:C
第11题:D
第12题:C
第13题:A
第14题:D
第15题:C
【解析】1.考查固定搭配。根据原文句意:这一时期的西方哲学家和批评家们把大量的注意力放在了诸如自然美、崇高和表现等问题上。suchas意为“诸如,比如”。选项B符合句意。
2.考查介词辨析。根据句意:然而,从那时起,艺术哲学变得更加突出...。since意为“自...以后”符合语境,所以选项A正确。
3.形近词辨析题。A选项plant“种植,栽培”;B选项supplant“代替,排挤掉”;C选项transplant“移植”;D选项replant“移居”。由关键词“and”前面的内容可知,后面应该是指4.艺术哲学取代自然哲学。选项B正确。
5.形近词辨析题。A选项marking“标记的”;B选项remarking“评论”;C选项marked“显著的”;D选项remarked“评论,察觉”。句意:艺术哲学的各种核心问题对20世纪的美学方向产生了显著的影响。选项C符合原文句意。
6.考查固定搭配。haveanimpactonsth.为固定介词搭配,所以选项A正确。
7.形近词辨析题。A选项Foreboding“预感的,不祥之兆的”;B选项Foremost“最重要的,居于首位的”;C选项Forethoughtful“深谋远虑的,有先见之明的”;D选项Foregone“过去的,先前的”。根据下一句“Stillanotherfar-reachingquestion...”可知,填空处所填单词应和“far-reaching”相对应。句意:在这些问题中,最重要的是有关艺术作为形式的理论...。选项B更符合原文语境。
8.考查句子结构。分析句子结构可知,这里是由and连接的两个并列句,and后面实际上省略了“relation”,所以后面的介词应该填入“to”,选项C正确。
9.考查语法时态。根据下文“oneholdsthat...”可推测,填空处应表示:在这个问题上,采取了两种对立的理论立场。由此可排除选A和B;再分析句子可知,这里的主语是“Twoopposingtheoreticalpositions”,所以应使用被动语态,选项D符合原文。
10.考查逻辑连词。A选项whereas“然而”;B选项wherein“在其中,在何处”;C选项whereon“在那上面”;D选项wherefore“因此”。根据句意:一种立场认为,艺术以及对艺术的欣赏是实现某些公认的道德行为的一种手段,另一种观点则认为,艺术本身就具有价值,这也是它自身的目的。这是两种相反的观念,所以选项A符合原文语境。
11.上下文推断题。根据上文“Inrecentyearstherehasalsobeenanincreasingpreoccupationwithartastheprimeobjectofcriticaljudgment.近年来,人们也越来越专注于把艺术作为批判性判断的主要对象。”根据关键词“criticaljudgment”以及下文的关键词“criticism”可知,填空处应填入批评家。选项C符合原文。
12.上下文推断题。根据上文的“Inone”,可知填空处应填入“Intheother”,都是省略了approach这个单词,所以选项D正确。
考查并列结构。这里是由and连接的两个并列结构,前面句子的谓语动词是“articulating”,所以填空处也应该使用动词的-ing形式。选项C正确,选项D是完成时态,不符合语法结构和语境。
13.形近词辨析题。A选项diverse“多种多样的”;B选项divided“分裂的,分开的”;C选项divine“神圣的,天赐的”;D选项dividual“分开的,独特的”。句意:当代美学关注的问题包括风格的本质及其美学意义等多方面的问题。选项A符合原文句意。
14.形近词辨析题。A选项reliance“信赖,信心”;B选项reliability“可靠性”;C选项relief“救济,减轻,解除”;D选项relevancy“关联,恰当”。句意:审美与文化的关系;艺术历史的可行性;弗洛伊德心理学和其他形式的心理学研究与批评的关联性...。选项D更符合语境。
15.形近词辨析题。A选项reason“原因”;B选项reasonableness“合理,妥当”;C选项reasoning“推理,论证”;D选项reasonability“合理性”。根据句意:...以及审美判断在日常事务的实践推理中的地位。选项C符合原文语境。
2.单选题
Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.
Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theanti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecolds,catarrhs(黏膜炎)andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovementofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy(中风).The
suddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Butthepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculation,promotedigestion,tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.
Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothingfromthefewmodesexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfort,indeedtheylost;theydid,onthecoaches,haveaseat,butnowtheyhadtostandalltheway,whichgaveopportunitiestothecomic(滑稽的)press.Thiskindofthing:Amanwasseenyesterdaybuyingathird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.Thestateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto.
Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecond-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-baths,fromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.
1.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat______.
2.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailwayitselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept______.
3.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsaretruebut_____.
4.Wemaysafelyconcludethat_____.
5.Whatisthetoneofthispassage?
问题1选项
A.aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogether
B.peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobe
C.alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikely
D.railwayleadstheworldtopeace
问题2选项
A.therailwayenablespeopletotravelfast
B.therailwaybringscomforttopeople
C.therailwaymakestheworldpeaceful
D.therailwayleadstheworldtowaraswell
问题3选项
A.tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealth
B.thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffectpeople’snerves
C.therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople’slungs
D.tothosewithhighblood-pressure,therapidspeedofthetraincausesthemtodie
问题4选项
A.theauthorbelongstotheanti-railwaygroup
B.theauthorbelongstothefor-railwaygroup
C.theauthorspeakshighlyoftherailway
D.theauthormaynevertaketrainbecauseofitspotentialdangers
问题5选项
A.Practical.
B.Satirical.
C.Humorous.
D.Exaggerated.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:B
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句,“themorewearetogether-themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.”,可知男孩女孩们都知道,大家越是团结在一起,发生战争的机会就越大,选项C符合题意。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段,“Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.”,可知没有人预见到铁路是发生战争机会越来越多的原因。选项D符合题意。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句,“wouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth”,可知火车对人体健康是最危险的。选项A可排除。根据文章第二段第三句,“Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.”,可知噪音和眩光对人的神经有影响,选项B可排除。根据第二段第四句,“woulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.”,可知对人体肺部也有影响,选项C排除。选项D符合题意。
4.推断题。根据文章第一段,“Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.”,可知人们没有预见铁路是敌军快速移动的一种方式,可推断出作者提出了火车的不好,表明了自己反对铁路的立场,所以他是反铁路组织的一员。选项A符合题意。
5.作者态度题。文章第二段提到了火车会对身体健康等各方面带来危害,最后一段还举到了一位作家对火车描述的例子,可见作者是运用了讽刺的语气来描写的。选项B符合题意。
3.单选题
Theyoungmanwasatthe_______ofhiscareerwhenhewaskilledinacaraccident.
问题1选项
A.zenith
B.glamour
C.bloom
D.blossom
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。zenith“鼎盛时期”;glamour“魅力”;bloom“开花”;blossom“开花期”。句意:这个年轻人处在事业鼎盛时期,当他死于一场交通事故的时候。选项A符合题意。
4.单选题
Althoughmoneyisalwaysuseful,itisn’tall______.
问题1选项
A.whatthereistolife
B.towhichthereistolife
C.thatisinlife
D.thereistolife
【答案】D
【解析】【选项释义】
A.whatthereistolife生活有什么意义B.towhichthereistolife这就是生活
C.thatisinlife这就是生活D.thereistolife生活就是这样
【考查点】定语从句。
【解题思路】根据although可知,句子前半句为让步状语从句,所以后半句为主句,it是主语,isn’t是系动词,all是表语,所以空格部分应为定语从句修饰all,结合选项可知,thereis可以看作在定语从句中充当了谓语,tolife是从句中的状语,那么用作主语的关系代词that可以省略,句子可以还原为Althoughmoneyisalwaysuseful,itisn’tall(that)thereistolife,所以该题选择D项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A项what只能引导名词性从句;
B项towhich使用不当;
C项不符合句意。
【句意】虽然钱总是有用的,但它并不是生活的全部。
5.单选题
TheUnitedStatesFoodandDragAdministrationhasshownitselftobeparticularlywarywithregardtoalleged“miracle”drugsinrecentyears.
问题1选项
A.bellicose
B.exhausted
C.cautious
D.strange
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项bellicose“好战的”;B选项exhausted“精疲力竭的”;C选项cautious“谨慎的”;D选项strange“奇怪的”。句意:近年来,美国食品药品监督管理局对所谓的神药的态度开始特别谨慎。根据语境,C选项cautious“谨慎的”比较符合对miracledrugs“神药”的态度,和wary“谨慎的”同义,符合题意。因此C选项正确。
6.单选题
Thisstudyinvolvesmonitoringthesleep()of100mentallyhealthypeopleaged45to80.
问题1选项
A.orders
B.rules
C.patterns
D.characters
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项orders“顺序;命令”;B选项rules“规则”;C选项patterns“模式”;D选项characters“特征”。句意:这项研究包括监测100名45岁至80岁精神健康的人的睡眠()。根据语境,睡眠和characters“特征”搭配比较合理。因此D选项正确。
7.单选题
MarketshadfearedthatDollymightdisruptproductionintheGulfofMexico,butthestormmissedtheoilfieldsbeforebearing()Texas.
问题1选项
A.downon
B.downat
C.awayat
D.awayto
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定短语搭配。beardownon“逼近,袭击,冲向”。句意:市场曾担心飓风多莉可能会打断墨西哥湾的生产,但风暴在逼近德克萨斯之前没有击中油田。因此A选项正确。
8.单选题
Muchofthenewsprovidedbythisnewspaperis(
)
notforeign.
问题1选项
A.domestic
B.devilish
C.unusual
D.civilian
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。domestic“国内的”;devilish“邪恶的,精力旺盛的”;unusual“不寻常的”;civilian“民用的”。句意:这家报纸提供的新闻都是()的而不是外国的。由notforeign可推知这家报纸提供的消息大部分是国内的,故A项符合题意。
9.单选题
ThemanyriversofChilearerelativelyshort,generallyrisingintheAndesandflowingwesttothePacific.InthenorthernandcentralregionstheriversarefedprimarilybytheperpetualsnowcoveroftheAndes.
问题1选项
A.everlasting
B.expansive
C.outward
D.movable
【答案】A
【解析】【选项释义】
A.everlasting永久的,永恒的,经久不变的B.expansive广阔的,辽阔的
C.outward表面的,外表的D.movable可移动的,活动的
【答案】A
【考查点】形容词辨析。
【解题思路】perpetual的意思为“持续的,长久的”,用来形容snow,指的是安第斯山脉的永久性积雪,everlasting与之词义相近,因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】智利的许多河流相对较短,大多发源于安第斯山脉,向西流向太平洋。在北部和中部地区,河流的主要水源是安第斯山脉的永久性积雪。
10.填空题
Sincehewasachild,DonCameronhasbeeninterestedinanythingwhichflies.HegrewupontheoutskirtsofGlasgowand,asastudentatGlasgowUniversity,joinedtheUniversityAirSquadron.1.()Hisgrandfatherwasanengineer,whoturnedhishandtomakingmodelsteamenginesandboats.
DonCameron’sfirstjobwasatBristolAircraft,whereheworkedasanengineer.HethenhadjobsinthesteelworksatLanwemandforRio-TintoZineinBristol,workingwithcomputers.Inthemid-sixties,newsofAmericanexperimentswithhotairballoonscrossedtheAtlantic,andheandacoupleoffriendsdecidedtobuildtheirownballoon.ProbablythefirsthotairballooninwesternEurope,theycalleditTheBristolBelle2.().
At40hehasalreadybeenhalfwayroundtheworldbyballoon3.()HehascrossedtheChannelbyballoonandevenflownintheArcticCircleinone."Beforeyouflythere",heremembers,“youaretoldhowtobuildigloosandsurviveinthesnow.It'salovelyplacetofly”.
"Intheearlydays”,herecalls.“Iusedtoworknightandday.”Helooksdownathisscheduleforthenextfewdays.ItincludesadrivetoFrancetomakeadelivery,plusreadingproofsofaballooninghandbookhehaswritten.“Istilldon'ttakeitveryeasy.”hesays.HestartedthebusinessinthebasementofthelargeVictorianhouse,whereheliveswithhiswifeKinandtwochildren.4.().Theyincludespeciallydesignedballoonsforadvertisingpurposes.ThefirmexportsallovertheworldandissettingupafactoryinAmerica,whereballoonswillbemadeforthemunderlicense.5.().
【答案】1.D
2.E
3.B
4.C
5.A
【解析】1.D项提到了familytradidion家庭传统,与空格后面的内容即对爷爷的介绍对应。
2.由空格前的内容“heandacoupleoffriendsdecidedtobuildtheirownballoon.ProbablythefirsthotairballooninwesternEurope,theycalleditTheBristolBelle.他和几个朋友决定自己造一个气球。可能是西欧的第一个热气球,他们叫它布里斯托尔贝尔。”可知卡梅伦与他的朋友决定自己造气球,并且创造了西欧第一个热气球。E项讲述的是他们公司的成就,现在本国就有300个热气球。有三分之二的热气球是由卡梅伦的公司制作的。能与下文自然衔接。
3.At40hehasalreadybeenhalfwayroundtheworldbyballoon40岁时,他已经乘气球环游了半个世界。这句为本段的中心句,接下来应该会提到他乘坐热气球去过的地方。故B项正确。
4.此空前面HestartedthebusinessinthebasementofthelargeVictorianhouse,whereheliveswithhiswifeKinandtwochildren.他在一幢维多利亚时代的大房子的地下室里开始了他的生意,他和他的妻子及两个孩子住在那里。此空与过去进行对比,讲述仙子它的公司很有前途。由空格后的Theyincludespeciallydesignedballoonsforadvertisingpurposes.其中包括为广告目的而特别设计的气球,也可知they是指代热气球。故C项正确。
5.文章最后讲述了卡梅伦公司的成就,A项用具体的数字能让人更清楚地知道这家公司的成功。故A项正确。
11.单选题
Havinghadherasaprofessorandadviser,Icantellyouthatsheisan()forcewhopushesherstudentstoexcelfarbeyondtheirownexpectations.
问题1选项
A.inspirational
B.educational
C.excessive
D.instantaneous
【答案】A
【解析】形容词辨析。inspirational鼓舞人心的;educational教育的;excessive过度的;instantaneous即刻的。句意是:由于她是我的教授兼指导老师,不妨告诉你,她具有一种(
)力量,激发着她的学生超越自我的期望。因此,A选项符合句意。
12.单选题
Awindowinthekitchenwas(
),therewasrubbisheverywhere,andthecurtainsandcarpetshadbeenstolen.
问题1选项
A.scattered
B.scraped
C.scratched
D.smashed
【答案】D
【解析】动词辨析题。A选项scatter“撒播,散布”;B选项scrap“废弃,拆毁”;C选项scratch“抓,刮”;D选项smashed“打碎,粉碎”。句意:厨房的一扇窗户被打碎了,到处是垃圾,窗帘和地毯被偷了。选项D符合句意。
13.单选题
Asisthecaseinmanycultures,thedegreetowhichaminoritygroupwasseenasdifferentfromthecharacteristicsofthedominantmajoritydeterminedtheextentofthatgroup'sacceptance.Immigrantswhowereliketheearliersettlerswereaccepted.ThelargenumbersofimmigrantswithsignificantlydifferentcharacteristicstendedtobeviewedasathreattobasicAmericanvaluesandtheAmericanwayoflife.
Thiswasparticularlytrueoftheimmigrantswhoarrivedbythemillionsduringthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.Mostofthemcamefrompoverty-strickennationsofsouthernandeasternEurope.TheyspokelanguagesotherthanEnglish,andlargenumbersofthemwereCatholicsorJews.
Americansatthetimewereveryfearfulofthisnewfloodofimmigrants.TheywereafraidthatthesepeopleweresoaccustomedtolivesofpovertyanddependencethattheywouldnotunderstandsuchbasicAmericanvaluesasfreedom,self-relianceandcompetition.Thereweresomanynewimmigrantsthattheymightevenchangethebasicvaluesofthenationinundesirableways.
AmericanstriedtomeetwhattheysawasathreattotheirvaluesbyofferingEnglishinstructionforthenewimmigrantsandcitizenshipclassestoteachthembasicAmericanbeliefs.Theimmigrants,however,oftenfeltthattheirAmericanteachersdisapprovedofthetraditionsoftheirhomeland.Moreover,learningaboutAmericanvaluesgavethemlittlehelpinmeetingtheirmostimportantneedssuchasemployment,food,andaplacetolive.
Farmorehelpfultothenewimmigrantswerethe"politicalbosses"ofthelargercitiesofthenortheasternUnitedStates,wheremostoftheimmigrantsfirstarrived.Thosebossessawtoomanyofthepracticalneedsoftheimmigrantsandweremoreacceptingofthedifferenthomelandtraditions.Inexchangefortheirhelp,thepoliticalbossesexpectedtheimmigrantstokeeptheminpowerbyvotingfortheminelections.
Inspiteofthis,manyscholarsbelievethatthepoliticalbossesperformedanimportantfunctioninthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.TheyhelpedtoassimilatelargenumbersofdisadvantagedwhiteimmigrantsintothelargerAmericanculture.ThefactthattheUnitedStateshadarapidlyexpandingeconomyatthebeginningofthecenturymadeitpossibleforthesenewimmigrants,oftenwiththehelpofthebosses,tobettertheirstandardoflivingintheUnitedStates.Asaresultofthesenewopportunitiesandnewrewards,immigrantscametoacceptmostofthevaluesofthelargerAmericancultureandwereacceptedbythegreatmajorityofAmericans.Forwhiteethnicgroups,therefore,itisgenerallytruethattheirfeelingofbeingapartofthelargerculture,thatis,"American"ismuchstrongerthantheirfeelingofbelongingtoaseparateethnicgroup—Irish,Italian,Polish,etc.
1.Aminoritygroup'sacceptancetothecountrywasdeterminedby().
2.Theimmigrants'flushinginwasconsideredathreattoAmericanvaluemainlybecause().
3."Citizenshipclasses"(Para.4)wereofferedbecauseAmericans().
4.Thepoliticalbosseshelpedthenewimmigrantsforthemainpurposeof().
5.Thelivingstandardsofthenewimmigrantswereimprovedinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturiesmainlybecause().
问题1选项
A.thedifferencetheyshowedfromthemajority
B.thetimewhentheyarrivedatthenewland
C.thebackgroundconditionstheycamefrom
D.thereligionsgrouptowhichtheybelonged
问题2选项
A.theimmigrantscamefrompoverty-strickennationsofsouthernandeasternEurope
B.theimmigrantshadbeenaccustomedtopovertyanddependence
C.theimmigrantshaddifferenthomelandtraditionsandotherparticularcharacteristics
D.theimmigrantsdidnotspeakEnglish
问题3选项
A.wantedtohelptheimmigrantstosolvetheirpracticalneeds
B.wouldnotacceptanygroupswithdifferenttraditions
C.wantedtheimmigrantstodealwiththethreattotheAmericanvalues
D.wantedtheimmigrantstolearnaboutandtokeeptheAmericanvalues
问题4选项
A.showingofftheirpoliticalpowersandadvantages
B.gettingsupportinelections
C.assimilatingtheminorityintothemajority
D.showingtheirgenerosity
问题5选项
A.theykeptthepoliticalbossesinpower
B.thepoliticalbossesgavethemalotofpracticalhelp
C.theyhadamuchstrongerfeelingofbeingapartofthelargerculture
D.therewasarapidgrowthinAmericaneconomyatthattime
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:D
第4题:B
第5题:D
【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“...aminoritygroupwasseenasdifferentfromthecharacteristicsofthedominantmajoritydeterminedtheextentofthatgroup'sacceptance.”少数群体因其不同于占主导地位的多数群体的特征的程度决定了该群体被接受的程度。选项A符合原文。
2.根据第一段的最后一句“ThelargenumbersofimmigrantswithsignificantlydifferentcharacteristicstendedtobeviewedasathreattobasicAmericanvaluesandtheAmericanwayoflife.”大量具有明显不同特征的移民往往被视为对美国基本价值观和美国生活方式的威胁。选项C正确。
3.根据第四段的第一句“AmericanstriedtomeetwhattheysawasathreattotheirvaluesbyofferingEnglishinstructionforthenewimmigrantsandcitizenshipclassestoteachthembasicAmericanbeliefs.”为移民提供公民课程是因为美国希望移民们了解并保持美国的价值观。选项D符合原文。
4.根据第五段的最后一句“Inexchangefortheirhelp,thepoliticalbossesexpectedtheimmigrantstokeeptheminpowerbyvotingfortheminelections.”作为对他们帮助的回报,政治领袖们希望移民们在选举中投票支持他们,从而使他们继续掌权。所以选项B正确。
5.根据第六段的第三句“ThefactthattheUnitedStateshadarapidlyexpandingeconomyatthebeginningofthecenturymadeitpossibleforthesenewimmigrants,oftenwiththehelpofthebosses,tobettertheirstandardoflivingintheUnitedStates.”20世纪的移民生活水平提高主要原因还是美国经济的快速发展,所以选项D正确。
14.单选题
Heseemedreluctanttosendhistroopsinanefforttodiscouragethe()peasants.
问题1选项
A.animated
B.rebellious
C.creased
D.impassive
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。animated“活生生的;活泼的”;rebellious“反抗的;造反的”;creased“有折痕的”;impassive“冷漠的;无感觉的”,根据troops“军队”一词可知此处的peasant“农民”是需要被镇压的,分析四个选项可知此处填rebellious这个形容词符合句意。句意:他好像不愿意派他的军队去镇压……农民。由此得知B选项正确。
15.单选题
Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
问题1选项
A.Deteriorationinthequalityofnewmusic.
B.Insightsintothefeaturesofgoodmusic.
C.Olderpeople’schangingmusicaltastes.
D.Olderpeople’saversiontonewmusic.
问题2选项
A.Theynolongerlistentonewmusic.
B.Theyfindallmusicsoundsthesame.
C.Theycanmakesubtledistinctionsaboutmusic.
D.Theyseldomlistentosongsreleasedintheirteens.
问题3选项
A.Themoreyouareexposedtosomething,themorefamiliarit’llbetoyou.
B.Themoreyouareexposedtosomething,thedeeperyou’llunderstandit.
C.Themoreyouexperiencesomething,thelongeryou’llrememberit.
D.Themoreyouexperiencesomething,thebetteryou’llappreciateit.
问题4选项
A.Teenagers’memoriesaremorelasting.
B.Teenagers’emotionsaremoreintense.
C.Teenagersaremuchmoresensitive.
D.Teenagersaremuchmoresentimental.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:B
【解析】RecordingThree
[22]Whydooldpeopledislikenewmusic?AsI’vegrownolder,Ioftenhearpeoplemyagesaythingsliketheyjustdon’tmakegoodmusicliketheyusedto.Whydoesthishappen?Luckily,psychologycangiveussomeinsightsintothispuzzle.Musicaltastesbegintocrystallizeasearlyasage13or14.Bythetimewe’reinourearly20s,thesetastesgetlockedintoplaceprettyfirmly.
[23]Infact,studieshavefoundthatbythetimeweturn33,mostofushavestoppedlisteningtonewmusic.Meanwhile,popularsongsreleasedwhenyou’reinyourearlyteensarelikelytoremainquitepopularamongyouragegroupfortherestofyourlife.
Therecouldbeabiologicalexplanationforthis,asthere’sevidencethatthebrain’sabilitytomakesubtledistinctionsbetweendifferentchords,rhythms,andmelodiesdeteriorateswithage.Sotoolderpeople,newer,lessfamiliarsongsmightall“soundthesame”.
[22]Butthere’remaybesomesimplerreasonsforolderpeople’saversiontonewermusic.[24]Oneofthemostresearchedlawsofsocialpsychologyissomethingcalledthe“mereexposureeffect”,whichinessencemeansthatthemorewe’reexposedtosomething,themorewetendtolikeit.
Thishappenswithpeopleweknow,theadvertisementswesee,andthesongswelistento.
Whenyou’reinyourearlyteens,youprobablyspendafairamountoftimelisteningtomusicorwatchingmusicvideos.Yourfavoritesongsandartistsbecomefamiliar,comfortingpartsofyourroutine.Formanypeopleover30,jobandfamilyobligationsincrease,sothere’slesstimetospenddiscoveringnewmusic.Instead,manywillsimplylistentoold,familiarfavoritesfromthatperiodoftheirliveswhentheyhadmorefreetime.
Ofcourse,thoseteenyearsweren’tnecessarilycarefree.They’refamouslyconfusing,whichiswhysomanyTVshowsandmoviesrevolvearoundthehighschoolturmoil.
[25]Psychologyresearchhasshownthattheemotionsthatweexperienceasteensseemmoreintensethanthosethatcomelater.Andwealsoknowthatintenseemotionsareassociatedwithstrongermemoriesandpreferences.Bothofthesemightexplainwhythesongswelistentoduringthisperiodbecomesomemorableandbeloved.
Sothere’snothingwrongwithyourparentsbecausetheydon’tlikeyourmusic.Rather,it’sallpartofthenaturalorderofthings.
22.Whatdoesthespeakermainlydiscussinthistalk?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问说话者在这次演讲中主要讨论了什么?录音开头就提出为什么老年人不喜欢新音乐的问题,后来提到也许还有一些更简单的原因导致老年人对新音乐的反感。因此D选项“老年人对新音乐的反感”正确。A选项“新音乐质量的下降”、B选项“对好音乐特点的洞察”以及C选项“老年人不断变化的音乐品味”均不是这次演讲讨论的主要内容,因此排除。
23.Whathavestudiesfoundaboutmostpeoplebythetimetheyturned33?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题目问关于大多数到了33岁的人,研究发现了什么?录音提到,研究发现,在我们到了33岁的时候,我们中的大多数人已经不再听新音乐了。A选项中的nolonger是原文stopped的同义转述,因此A选项“他们不再听新音乐”正确。B选项“他们觉得所有音乐都一样”表述过于绝对,原文中说的是上了年纪的人觉得较新的、较不熟悉的音乐听上去都一样,并不是所有的音乐,因此B选项排除;C选项“他们能对音乐进行细微的区分”,与原文表述恰好相反,录音提到的是随着年龄的增长,大脑对不同和弦、节奏和旋律进行微妙区分的能力会退化,因此C选项错误;D选项“他们很少听十几岁时发行的歌曲”表述错误,录音中提及,在你十几岁的时候发布的流行歌曲,很可能在你的余生中,在你的同龄人中仍然非常受欢迎,因此D选项也可排除。
24.Whatdowelearnfromoneofthemostresearchedlawsofsocialpsychology?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问从社会心理学中被研究得最多的一个规律中,我们能学到什么?录音中提及,社会心理学研究最多的定律之一是“纯粹接触效应”的东西,从本质上说,这意味着我们越接触某样东西,我们越倾向于喜欢它。D选项“你对某事物感受得越多,你就越喜欢它”是对录音原文的同义转述,因此正确。A选项“你接触某事物越多,你对它就越熟悉”;B选项“你接触某事物越多,你就会对它理解得越深刻”以及C选项“你对某事物感受得越多,你记住它的时间就越长”均不正确。
25.Whatmightexplainthefactthatsongspeoplelistentointheirteenyearsarememorableandbeloved?
【试题答案】B
【试题解析】题目问人们在青少年时期所听的歌曲都是他们难忘的、喜爱的,这可能是什么原因?录音提到,心理学研究表明,我们在青少年时期所经历的情绪似乎比后来的情绪更加强烈。而且我们还知道,强烈的情绪与更强的记忆和喜好有关。这两点或许可以解释为什么我们在这一时期听的歌曲会变得如此令人难忘和深受喜爱。因此B选项“青少年的情绪更强烈”正确。A选项“青少年的记忆更持久”;C选项“青少年更敏感”和D选项“青少年更多愁善感”在录音中均没有信息提及,因此排除。
16.翻译题
该法案旨在对美国中小学进行教育改革并使所有儿童有机会得到高质量的教育。最终目标是确保无一人落后。由于此法案的实施,学校有更多的灵活性把资源用于最急需的地方。父母可更多地参与孩子的教育。
【答案】答:
TheactaimstoreformAmerica’selementaryandsecondaryschoolsandgiveallchildrenaccesstoahigh-qualityeducation.Theultimategoalistoensurenooneisleftbehind.Asaresultoftheimplementationofthisact,schoolsenjoysmoreflexibilitytouseresourceswheretheyaremostneeded.Parentscanbemoreinvolvedintheirchildren’seducation.
17.单选题
JohnFisher,abuilder,an
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