考研考博-英语-兴安职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兴安职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Theplanefoundthespotandhoveredcloseenoughto（）thatitwasacar.

问题1选项

A.ensure

B.examine

C.verify

D.testify

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：飞机发现了这个地点，并盘旋着靠近，以证实这是一辆汽车。verify指证明，证实；testify指作证。选项C更符合语境。

2.翻译题

AMessontheLadderofSuccess1.ThroughoutAmericanhistory,therehasalmostalwaysbeenatleastonecentraleconomicnarrativethatgavetheambitiousorunsatisfiedreasontopackupandseektheirfortuneelsewhere.Forthefirst300orsoyearsofEuropeansettlement,thestorywasaboutmovingoutwards:gettingimmigrantstothecontinentandthentothefrontiertocleartheprairies,drainthewetlandsandbuildnewcities.

Bytheendofthe19thcentury,asthefrontiervanished,theUShadamildpanicattack.2.whatwouldthisenergetic,enterprisingcountrybewithoutnewlandstoconquer?Somepeople,suchasTeddyRoosevelt,decidedtokeeponconquering(Cuba,thePhilippines,etc.),buteventually,inindustrialization,theUSfoundanewnarrativeofeconomicmobilityathome.Fromthe1890stothe1960s,peoplemovedfromfarmtocity,firstintheNorthandthenintheSouth.Infact,bythe1950s,therewasenoughprosperityandwhite-collarworkthatmanybegantomovetothesuburbs.Asthepopulationaged,therewasalsoashiftfromthecoldRustBelttothecomfortsoftheSunBelt.Wethinkofthisasanoldperson’smigration,butitcreatedmanyjobsfortheyounginconstructionandhealthcare,nottomentiontourism,retailandrestaurants.

Forthelast20yearsfromtheendofthecoldwarthroughtwoburstbubblesinasingledecade,theUShasbeencastingaboutforitsnexteconomicnarrative.Andnowitisexperiencinganotherperiodofpanic,whichisbadnewsformuchoftheworkforcebutparticularlyforitsyoungestmembers.

TheUShasalwaysbeenaremarkablemobilecountry,butnewdatafromtheCensusBureauindicatethatmobilityhasreacheditslowestlevelinrecordedhistory.Sure,somepeoplearestuckinhomesvaluedatlessthantheirmortgages,butmanyyoungpeoplewhodon’townhomesanddon'tyethavefamilies—arestayingput,too.Thissuggests,amongotherthings,thatpeoplearen’tpackingupforneweconomicopportunitiesthewaytheyusedto.Ratherthandividingthecountryintothe1percentersversuseveryoneelse,thesplitinoureconomyisreallybetweentwootherclasses:themobileandimmobile.

Partoftheproblemisthatcountry’slargestindustriesareindecline.Inthepast,itwasperfectlyclearwhereyoungpeopleshouldgoforwork(Chicagointhe1870s,Detroitinthe1910s,Houstoninthe1970s)and,moreorless,whatthey’dbedoingwhentheygotthere(killingcattle,buildingcars,sellingoil).3.Andtheseindustrieswerelargeenoughtoofferjobstoeachclassofworker,fromunskilledlaborertomanagerorengineer.Today,thefewbrightspotsinoureconomyarerelativelysmall(thoughsomepromisefuturegrowth)anddecentralized.TherearegreatjobsinSiliconValley,inthebiotechresearchcapitalsofBostonandRaleigh-Durhamandinadvancedmanufacturingplantsalongthesouthern1-85corridor.Thesecompaniesrecruitalloverthecountryandtheglobeforworkerswithspecificabilities.4.Youdon’tneedtobethenextMarkZuckerberg,founderofFacebook,togetajobinoneofthemicrohubs,bytheway.ButyouwillalmostcertainlyneedatleastaB.A.incomputerscienceorayearortwoatatechnicalschool.Thisnewer,selectjobmarketisnational,anditoffersmembersofthemobileclasscompetitivesalariesandhigherbargainingpower.

Manymembersoftheimmobileclass,ontheotherhand,liveintheAmericaofthegloomyheadlines.Ifyouhavenospecializedskills,there'slittlereasontouproottoanotherstateandbethelastinlineforalow-payingjobatanewautoplantoragreen-energystartup.Thesurpriseinthecensusdata,however,isthattheimmobileworkforceisnotlimitedtounskilledworkers.Infact,manyhaveacollegedegree.

Untilnow,aB.A.inanysubjectwasanear-guaranteeofatleastmiddle-classwages.Buttoday,aquarterofcollegegraduatesmakelessthanthetypicalworkswithoutabachelor’sdegree.DavidAutor,aprominentlaboreconomistatM.I.T.,recentlytoldmethatacollegedegreealoneisnolongeraguarantorofagoodjob.5.Whilegraduatesfromtopuniversitiesarestilllikelytogetagoodjobnomatterwhattheirmajoris,hesaid,graduatesfromless-famousschoolsaregoingtobejudgedonwhattheyknow.Tocompeteforjobsonanationallevel,theyshouldbearmedwiththeskillsthatemergingindustriesneed,whethertechnicalornot.

【答案】1.纵观美国历史，几乎总是至少会有一个经济中心的故事，让雄心勃勃或不满足的人有理由收拾行囊，到别处去寻找机遇。在欧洲人定居的前300年左右，这种故事是关于人口向外迁移的：让移民先到大陆，然后再到边疆开辟草原，排干湿地，并建造新的城市。

2.如果没有新的土地可以征服，这个精力充沛、富有进取精神的国家将会怎样？有些人，比如泰迪•罗斯福，决定继续征服(古巴、菲律宾等地)，但最终，在工业化的进程中，美国在国内发现了一个新的关于经济流动的故事。

3.而且这些行业的规模足够大，可以为各个阶层的工人提供工作，从非技术工人到经理或工程师。但是今天，我们经济中为数不多的亮点相对较小(尽管一些亮点未来可能会增长)，而且是分散管理的。

4.顺便说一下，你不需要成为下一个Facebook的创始人马克•扎克伯格(MarkZuckerberg)，也能在微软中心找到一份工作。但几乎可以肯定的是，你至少需要计算机科学学士学位或在技术学校待过一两年。这个新兴的择业市场是全国性的，它为流动阶层的成员提供了有竞争力的薪资和更高的议价权力。

5.他称，尽管那些顶尖大学的毕业生不论他们学的专业是什么，都有可能找到一份好工作，但那些不知名学校的毕业生将会根据他们所学的知识来接受评判。为了在全国范围内竞争工作岗位，他们应该具备新兴产业所需要的技能，无论是技术性的还是非技术性的。

3.单选题

Thecompanyisonthevergeofbankruptcy,andthousandsofjobsareat（）.

问题1选项

A.danger

B.loss

C.threat

D.stake

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。atloss困惑不解；atstake凶吉难卜；选项A和C通常不和at搭配。句意：这家公司濒临破产，成千上万的工作岗位岌岌可危。选项D符合句意。

4.单选题

ThecommissionpresenteditsreportinJanuaryandthiswasbroadly______inJulyofthatyear.

问题1选项

A.encased

B.encored

C.endued

D.endorsed

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项encase“包住，围绕”，B项encore“要求再演或唱”，C项endue“授予，赋予”，D项endorse“背书，认可，签署”。根据句子可知，空格处应该填入动词的过去分词构成被动语态，动词的逻辑主语是report，由此可推断endorse“认可”符合语境。句意：该委员会在1月份提交了报告，并在当年7月得到了广泛认可。因此，该题选择D项正确。

5.单选题

From1965to1978Americanconsumerpricesincreasedatanaverageannualrateof5.7percent.Thisominousshiftwasfollowedbyconsumerpricegainsof13.3percentin1979.

问题1选项

A.promising

B.overwhelming

C.threatening

D.astonishing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。ominous“预兆的；不吉利的”；A选项promising“有希望的，有前途的”；B选项overwhelming“压倒性的；势不可挡的”；C选项threatening“危险的；胁迫的；凶兆的”；D选项astonishing“惊人的；令人惊讶的”。句意：从1965年到1978年，美国消费者价格平均每年增长5.7%。这种不吉利的转变之后，1979年消费者价格上涨了13.3%。“ominous”本身就有“不吉利的”的意思，因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Youmayput（）onthewheeltomakeitturnmoreeasily.

问题1选项

A.fat

B.grease

C.oil

D.cream

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。fat“脂肪”；grease“油脂，润滑油”；oil“石油，油画材料”；cream“奶油，乳脂”。根据句意可知，涂在轮子上的应该是润滑油，所以选项B正确。

7.单选题

Withthepossibleexceptionofequalrights,perhapsthemostheatedargumentacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty.Manyarguethatitisaneffectivedeterrenttomurder,whileothersthinkthereisnoenoughproofthatthedeathpenaltyreducesthenumberofmurders.

Theargumentadvancedbythoseopposedtothedeathpenaltyisthatitiscruelandinhumanpunishment,thatitisthemarkofabadsocietyandfinallythatitisofquestionableeffectivenessasadeterrenttocrimeanyway.

Inouropinion,thedeathpenaltyisanecessaryaction.Throughoutrecordedhistorytherehavealwaysbeenthosepeculiarpersonsineverysocietywhomadeterriblecrimessuchasmurder.Butsomearemoredangerousthanothers.

Forexample,itisonethingtotakethelifeofanotherintimeofblindanger,butquiteanothertocoldlyplanandcarryoutthemurderofoneormorepeopleinthestyleofabutcher.Thus,murder,likeallothercrimes,isamatterofrelativedegree.Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.

Thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimemaybeopentodiscussion.Butthemajorityofpeoplebelievethatthedeathpenaltyprotectsthem.Theirbeliefisprovedbythefactthatthedeathpenaltypreventsmurder.Forexample,from1954to1963,whenthedeathpenaltywascarriedoutfromtimetotimeinCalifornia,themurderrateremainedbetweenthreeandfourmurdersforeach100,000population.Since1964thedeathpenaltyhasbeendoneonlyonce,andthemurderratehasrisento10.4murdersforeach100,000population.Thesharpclimbinthestate’smurderrate,whichbeganwhenkillingsstopped,doesnothappenbychance.Itcertainlyshowsthatthedeathpenaltydoesdetermanymurderers.Ifthelawaboutdeathpenaltyisvetoed,somepeoplewillbemurdered—somewhoselivesmayhavebeensavedifthedeathpenaltywereineffect.Thisisreallyalifeordeathmatter.Thelivesofthousandsofpeoplemustbeprotected.

1.Theprincipalpurposeofthispassageisto（

）.

2.Theauthor’sresponsetothosewhourgethedeathpenaltyforallislikelytobe（

）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph4,itcanbeinferredthat（

）.

4.Thepassageattemptstoestablisharelationshipbetween（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowards“deathpenalty”is（

）.

问题1选项

A.speakforthemajority

B.initiateaveto

C.criticizethegovernment

D.argueforthevalueofthedeathpenalty

问题2选项

A.negative

B.friendly

C.supportive

D.hostile

问题3选项

A.thedeathpenaltyisthemostcontroversialissueintheUnitedStatestoday

B.thesecondtypeofmurderersshouldbesentencedtodeath

C.thevetoofthebillreestablishingthedeathpenaltyisoflittleimportance

D.thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimeisnottobedebated

问题4选项

A.themurderrateandtheimpositionofthedeathpenalty

B.theeffectsofexecutionandtheeffectsofisolation

C.theimportanceofequalrightsandthatofthedeathpenalty

D.executionsandmurders

问题5选项

A.opposing

B.supporting

C.neutral

D.sarcastic

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据文章第一句，“…perhapsthemostheatedargumentacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty.”，可知死刑是讨论最激烈的话题，所以文章的主题为死刑。又根据下文，“Manyarguethatitisaneffectivedeterrenttomurder,whileothersthinkthereisnoenoughproofthatthedeathpenaltyreducesthenumberofmurders.”，可知许多人肯定死刑的价值，认为死刑是对谋杀罪的有效震慑，而另一些人则认为死刑没有多大的价值，因为没有足够的证据证明死刑的实施减少了谋杀的数量。又根据文章第三段，“Inouropinion,thedeathpenaltyisanecessaryaction.”，可知作者认为死刑是一项必要的举措。综上可知，整篇文章的主要目的在于为死刑的价值作辩护。选项D符合题意。

2.观点态度题。根据文章第四段，“itisonethingtotakethelifeofanotherintimeofblindanger,butquiteanothertocoldlyplanandcarryoutthemurderofoneormorepeopleinthestyleofabutcher.….Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.”，可知一种是在盲目愤怒的时候夺走别人的生命，一种是以屠夫的方式冷酷地策划和实施对一个或多个人的谋杀。前者可以仅仅通过社会隔离的方式受惩罚，而后者则不然。可知作者认为要根据谋杀程度来选择死刑。所以作者对那些主张对所有人判处死刑的人的反应很可能是否定的。选项A符合题意。

3.判断推理题。根据文章第四段，“Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.”，第一种谋杀罪犯（盲目愤怒的时候夺走别人的生命）应该仅仅被社会隔离，而第二种冷酷地策划和实施对一个或多个人的谋杀的罪犯不应该仅仅被隔离，而是应该被处以死刑。可判断出第二类杀人犯应该被处以死刑。选项B符合题意。

4.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段，“Thesharpclimbinthestate’smurderrate,whichbeganwhenkillingsstopped,doesnothappenbychance.Itcertainlyshowsthatthedeathpenaltydoesdetermanymurderers.”，可知本段用加利福尼亚的例子得出结论。本州谋杀率的上升并非偶然，是死刑停止实施的结果，可以清楚地表明，死刑确实制止了许多谋杀的念头。可判断出作者想要讨论的是死刑的实施和谋杀率的关系。选项A符合题意。

5.观点态度。纵观全文，作者首先在第三段表明自己的观点“死刑是一项必要的举措”，然后在下文通过论述和实例证明，死刑的实施确实有助于抑制谋杀率。可判断出作者对于实施死刑的态度是支持的。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Formostallergies,thebesttreatmentis（

）ofthebother—somesubstancesfromthesensitiveperson’senvironment.

问题1选项

A.dissipation

B.deviation

C.elimination

D.pacification

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析。句意:对于大多数过敏者，最好的治疗就是消除过敏源一一些敏感人群环境的东西。

dissipation浪费；消散；［物］损耗。deviation偏差；误差；背离。elimination消除；淘汰。pacification和解;平定；讲和。

9.单选题

Alotofpeopleworkedlonghoursbecausehighunemploymentmeantthattheycouldeasilybe().

问题1选项

A.distributed

B.appointed

C.transferred

D.replaced

【答案】D

【解析】句意：许多人工作很长时间，因为高失业率意味着他们很容易被取代。distributed分散；appointed约定，指定；transferred转移；replaced取代，替代。选项D符合句意。

10.单选题

Accordingtothe“Geneva（）’’noprisonersofwarshallbesubjecttoabuse.

问题1选项

A.Customs

B.Congresses

C.Conventions

D.Routines

【答案】C

【解析】固定用法。GenevaConventions指的是“日内瓦公约”。

11.翻译题

人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。

【答案】Thehistoricalcourseofman’slifeisjustlikeajourney.Atraveleronalongjourneypassesthroughnowabroad,levelplain,nowarugged,hazardousroad.Whileadeterminedtravelercheerfullycontinueshisjourneyuponreachingasafeandsmoothplace,hefindsitstillmorefascinatingtocometoaruggedplace,theenormouslymagnificentspectacleofwhich,hefeels,isbetterabletogenerateinhimawonderfulsensationofadventure.

12.单选题

Somecompanieshaveintroducedflexibleworkingtimewithlessemphasisonpressure（

）

问题1选项

A.andmoreonefficiency

B.thanmoreonefficiency

C.andmoreefficiency

D.thanefficiency

【答案】A

【解析】考查and前后成分的一致性。and是一个并列连词，所以前后成分表达应该保持一致，所以介词on不能缺少，选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Althougharchitecturehasartisticqualities,itmustalsosatisfyanumberofimportantpractical（）.

问题1选项

A.obligations

B.regulations

C.observations

D.considerations

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项obligation“义务，债务”；B选项regulation“条例，规程”；C选项observation“观察”；D选项consideration“考虑，注意事项”。句意：建筑虽然具有艺术性，但它也必须满足一些重要的实用性考虑。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。

14.翻译题

美国有五分之四的人在工作中感受到压力。是什么原因引起的工作压力呢？许多人认为不公平或不切实际的工作量是其中一个主要原因。这种工作量常常会导致个人生活和职业生活失衡。另一个原因是缺乏工作安全感。如果你不停地担心下周是否还能有工作，压力就会进入并占领你的生活。如果你还需要养家、养孩子，情况就更会如此。

【答案】FouroutoffiveAmericansfeelpressureatwork.Whatcausesworkpressure?

Manypeoplebelievethatunfairorunrealisticworkloadsareoneofthemainreasons.Thiskindofworkloadoftenleadstoanimbalancebetweenpersonalandprofessionallives.Anotherreasonislackofjobsecurity.Ifyouareconstantlyworryingaboutwhetheryouwillhaveajobnextweek,stresswillenterandtakeoveryourlife.Thisisespeciallytrueifyoustillneedtosupportyourfamilyandchildren.

15.单选题

Asyouareplanningforavacation,Isuggestyougotoatravelagencyandaskforaholiday（）.

问题1选项

A.introduction

B.advertisement

C.book

D.brochure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。introduction“介绍，前言，入门”；advertisement“广告”；book“书”；brochure“小册子，手册”。句意：由于你准备度假，我建议你去旅行社找本假日手册。选项D符合题意。

16.单选题

Thereusedtobeapetrolstationnearthepark,（）?

问题1选项

A.didn’tit

B.doesn’tthere

C.usedn’tit

D.didn’tthere

【答案】D

【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意：过去在公园附近有个加油站，是吗？usedto意为“过去常常”，当陈述句谓语部分含有usedto时，反义疑问句常由usedn’t或didn’t构成，如果陈述句是Thereusedtobe…句型，反义疑问句由usedn’t/didn’tthere构成，因此D选项正确。

17.单选题

Thereturnsintheshort（）maybesmall,butoveranumberofyearstheinvestmentwillbewellrepaid.

问题1选项

A.interval

B.range

C.span

D.term

【答案】D

【解析】intheshortterm为固定搭配,

意为“在短期内”。interval,span也可以表示一段时间,

但不能与intheshort搭配,range表示范围。所以选项D正确。

18.单选题

Noneofthisis（）surprising,norarethesequestionableindustrymachinationlimitedtothefrenziedsearchfortheso-calledpinkpill.

问题1选项

A.attheleast

B.theleast

C.theleastbit

D.intheleastbit

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项attheleast“无论如何”；B选项theleast“最少”；C选项theleastbit“半点，毫厘”；D选项intheleastbit“一点，丝毫”。句意：这些丝毫不令人感到惊讶，这些可疑行业的阴谋也不仅仅局限于疯狂地寻找所谓的“粉色药丸”。选项D符合句意。

19.单选题

Crimesbychildrenhavebeenrisingatafasterratethanthejuvenilepopulation.Abouthalfofsuchcrimesinvolvethetraditionaloffensesofthetheft,breakingandentering,andvandalism,butserious,violentcrimesaregoingupatastartlingrate.Therateofarmedrobbery,rape,andmurderbyjuvenileshaddoubledinadecade.Ifalltheneedsoftheadolescentcouldbemetadequatelyandwithoutdelay,withoutviolatinglaws,therewouldbenopointinviolation,andaminimumofinternal,indirect,anddirectcontrolwouldsufficetosecureconformity.Theobjectionmaybemadethatmanyviolationsarecommittedfortheexcitementoftheviolationitself.However,otherpossibilitiesforexcitementexistbesidesviolatinglawsandregulations.

Nocompleteandgenerallysatisfactorylistofneeds,eitherofchildrenoradults,hasbeencompiled.Theredoesseemtobeessentialconsensusontheneedsforaffection,andsecurity.Althoughthesecategoriesdonotexhausttheneedsofchildren,theyare,atleast,abeginning.

Onlysomeofthechild’sneeds,particularlythoseoftheadolescent,canbesatisfiedwithinthefamily.Thefamilydoes,however,alsogreatlyaffectthechancestheadolescentwillhaveinsatisfyinghisneedsintheschool,inhispeergroup,andlater,inhisoccupation.Ifheisabletosatisfyhisneedsreasonablywelloutsidethehome,insociallyapprovedways,thereislesspressuretoachievethemthroughdelinquentbehavior.

Astherearelimitationsuponwhatcanbeachievedbyindirectanddirectcontrol,soalsoaretherelimitationsastoneedsatisfactions.Adolescentshavewantsthatmustbedeferred,atleast,suchasforforeignsportcars,sexualsatisfactions,andadultincomeandstatus.Likewise,noteveryonecanbethecaptainofthefootballteam,thecampusqueenorthewinnerofscholarshiphonors.Atpresent,thereisnowaythatadolescentscanalwaysbemadetofeellovedandsecuredandnoassurancethattherewillalwaysbesomethinginterestingtodo.Ontheothersideoftheledger,thereisalwayssomeworktobedonetoobtain,inalegitimatemanner,whateverrecognitionandprivilegesarepossible.

Eventhoughcompleteandimmediatesatisfactionofneedsisnotordinarilypossible,familiescangofartowardthelegitimatesatisfactionofneedswithinthefamily,andtheycanprepareandlaunchtheadolescentinhisinteractionwithschool,peergroup,andoccupation,otherwisetheycanfailalmosttotallyinhelpingtomeetneedsinandoutsidethefamilythroughacceptablebehavior.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,juvenilescommitviolationsbecause（

）.

2.Thefourthparagraphiswrittentoillustratethat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingshouldthefamilydotoreducejuveniledelinquency?

4.Whichofthefollowingthemesdoestheauthorfocuson?

问题1选项

A.theywanttoderivepleasurefromtheviolationitself

B.theirneedsarenotsatisfiedcompletelyandimmediately

C.violatinglawsandregulationsoffersthemgreaterexcitement

D.notenoughcontrolisexercisedtomakethemconformtolaws

问题2选项

A.theimportantthingistogivechildrensomethinginterestingtodo

B.allthatchildrenneed,likeadults,arerecognitionandprivileges

C.childrencanbemadetofeellovedandsecureonlyathome

D.alltheneedsofanadolescentcannotbesatisfied

问题3选项

A.Exertdirectandindirectcontroloverthechildwithinthefamily.

B.Don’tinterfereinchildren’sbehaviorinoroutsidethefamily.

C.Trytohelpthechildrenmeetlegitimateneedsinandoutsidethefamily.

D.Tryitsbesttosatisfyallofthechildren’sneedswithinthefamily.

问题4选项

A.Needsatisfactionandjuveniledelinquency.

B.Adolescents’interactionwithfamily,schoolandsociety.

C.Familyaffectionanddevelopment.

D.Indirectanddirectcontroloveradolescents.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段第四句“Ifalltheneedsoftheadolescentcouldbemetadequatelyandwithoutdelay,withoutviolatinglaws,therewouldbenopointinviolation...”如果在不违反法律的情况下，能够充分地及时地满足青少年的所有需要，那么青少年就不会犯罪。选项B符合原文。

2.根据第四段的二三句，青少年的某些需要必须被推迟，比如外国跑车，性满足，成人的收入和地位。同样，不是每个人都能成为足球队队长、校花或奖学金获得者。作者意在说明并不是青少年所有的需求都能得到满足，选项D正确。

3.根据最后一段的内容可知，家庭可以在很大程度上满足家庭内部的需求，并且可以鼓励孩子与学校，同龄人团体以及职业相关的人和事交往互动。即帮助孩子满足家庭内外的合法需求。选项C符合原文。

4.结合文章内容可知，本文主要讨论的是满足需要与青少年犯罪，选项A最能概括全文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

20.单选题

Thedecision______,thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.

问题1选项

A.hasbeenmade

B.weremade

C.havingbeenmade

D.making

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.hasbeenmade被做B.weremade被做

C.havingbeenmade被做D.making做

【考查点】独立主格结构。

【解题思路】句子主谓宾结构完整，所以空格处只能做非谓语，而decision和thenextproblem不是同一个逻辑主语，所以前半部分只能做独立主格结构；decision和make之间是被动的关系，而且是决定做出后，下个问题是怎么制定计划，所以只能用havingbeenmade，C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、B选项为谓语动词，不符合语法结构；

D选项不符合时态，排除。

【句意】决定做好之后，下一个问题是如何制定一个好的计划。

21.单选题

Noformofgovernmentintheworldis（）;eachsystemreflectsthehistoryandpresentneedsoftheregionorthenation.

问题1选项

A.dominant

B.influential

C.integral

D.drastic

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。dominant“显性的，占优势的”；influential“有影响力的，有势力的”；integral“完整的，整体的”；drastic“激烈的，猛烈的”。句意：世界上没有任何一种政府形式是占优势的，每一种制度都反映了该地区或民族的历史和现实需要。选项A符合题意。

22.单选题

Writingisaslowprocess,requiring（

）thought,time,andeffort.

问题1选项

A.significant

B.enormous

C.considerable

D.numerous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。significant“有重大意义的，显著的”;enormous“巨大的,庞大的”；considerable“相当多（或大、重要等）的”；numerous“众多的，许多的”一般用来修饰可数名词。句意：写作是一个缓慢的过程，需要大量的思考、时间和努力。根据题干中的“thought,time,andeffort”可知C项符合题意。因此答案选C。

23.翻译题

1.绿水青山就是金山银山，保护环境就是保护生产，发展环境就是发展生产力。

2.人类命运共同体，顾名思义就是每个地区每个国家应该把命运紧紧联系在一起，荣辱与共，共同进步。

3.应远离封闭的世界，打造开放的世界，中国有句古话，“万物共存而不相害，道共行而不相逆”，我们应该求同存异，寻找其他事物的优点，发展自己。

【答案】1.Lucidwatersandlushmountainsareinvaluableassets;protectingtheenvironmentmeansprotectingproduction;developingenvironmentmeansdevelopingproductivity.

2.Humancommunitywithasharedfuture,asthenamesuggests,meansthateveryregionandcountryshouldcloselylinktheirdestiniesandsharewealandwoeforcommonprogress.

3.Weshouldstayawayfromaclosedworldandbuildanopenworld.AsanoldChinesesayinggoes,“Alllivingthingscoexistwithoutharmingeachother,andallroadsworktogetherwithoutgoingagainsteachother.”Weshouldseekcommongroundwhileshelvingdifferences,lookforthestrengthsofotherthingsanddevelopourselves.

24.翻译题

正是因为不停地追求进取，我们才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件随之而来，如此连绵不绝，永无止境。对于往前看的人来说，眼前总有一番新天地。虽然我们蜗居于这颗小行星上，整日忙于琐事且生命短暂，但我们生来就有不尽的希望，如天上繁星，遥不可及。只要生命犹在，希望便会不止。真正的幸福在于怎样开始，而不是如何结束，在于我们的希冀。

【答案】Itisbecauseofthecontinuouspursuitofprogressthatwefeelhappyinourlife.Onethingalwaysleadstoanotherinanendlessseries.Forthosewholookahead,thereisalwaysanewworldinfront.Thoughwedwellonasmallplanet,engagedinchoresandashortlife,wearesoconstitutedthatourhopesareinaccessible,likestars,andthetermofhopingisprolongeduntilthetermoflife.Whilethereislife,thereishope.Truehappinessliesinhowwebegin,nothowweend,inwhatwewantandnotwhatwehave.

25.单选题

______bythepolice,thekidnappershadnochoicebuttosurrender.

问题1选项

A.Surrounded

B.Havingsurrounded

C.Surrounding

D.Tosurround

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Surrounded被包围B.Havingsurrounded包围

C.Surrounding包围D.Tosurround包围

【答案】A

【考查点】非谓语动词。

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格处要填入一个非谓语动词，逻辑主语为kidnappers（绑架者），和动词surround（包围）之间是被动的关系，所以要用过去分词形式。故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项都表示主动关系。

【句意】绑架者在警察的包围下别无选择，只好投降。

26.单选题

Thegovernormightconceivablyfindagenuineresolutiontothebudgetarydilemma,butshemaybetemptedtoengageinadeception:a_______exerciseinfiscalprudence.

问题1选项

A.rigorous

B.blatant

C.specious

D.convincing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项rigorous“严密的；严格的”；B选项blatant“公然的；炫耀的”；C选项specious“似是而非的；华而不实的”；D选项convincing“有说服力的”。句意：可以想象，这位州长可能会找到一个真正的解决预算困境的办法，但她可能会被诱导去搞一场骗局：一个_______的财政审慎行动。根据语境，specious“似是而非的；华而不实的”搭配deception“骗局”比较合理。因此C选项正确。

27.单选题

AfewyearsagoaloneAmericancampaignerwroteabookinwhichhesetoutthemainpointofhisfascinateingocampaign—toabolishtelevision.Hismanifest“FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevision”isanAmericanbestseller,andaftereighteditionsisstillgeneratinggreatconcernanddebateintheUSA.

JerryMander,aformeradvertisingexpertisconvincedthatforthesakeofourfreedom,andmentalandphysicalhealth,weshouldlearntolivewithoutTV.ThroughhisadvertisingbackgroundManderisawareofhowmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertisingandmoneymaking.Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitas“adeep,profoundanddisturbingactbyfewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.”And,evenwithoutcommercials,heseesTVasdisturbingbecauseitcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave.Picturesformedby300,000tinydancingdotsaltering30timespersecond,bombardtheireyesaspeoplescantheimages10timesasecond.Thebrainregistersandstoresall30images,buttheconsciousmindregistersfarfewer.But,arguesMander,evenifyourejectordoubtwhatyouseeconsciously,itistoolate.

HefurtherarguesthatTVisadeadeningexperienceasitisrestrictedtojusttwosenses—sightandsound.Perceptionisdulledandflattened,saysMander,whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingascreenandlisteningtoartificialsound.“Nocultureinhistoryhasspentsuchanenormousamountoftimelookingatartificiallight,”saysMander,“andanotherworryingfactisthatprolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment”Researchersdonotknowiflife-longTVexposureisaphysicalriskornot,butasManderwouldargue,whyruntherisk?Itisimportantthatpeoplegetupnowandwithitoffbeforetheharmisdone—theymightalsobecomebrain-washed,orwhoknows.

1.FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTedlevisionisabookwhich（

）.

2.JerryManderobjectstoTVadvertisingmainlybecause（

）

3.Manderthinkspeople’sfeelingsandbehaviorsarechangedbecause（

）.

4.BywatchingTVforseveralhourseverynight,Manderimpliesthat（

）.

5.MandersuggeststhatviewingTVoverlongperiodsoftime（

）.

问题1选项

A.causeddistresstomanyAmericans

B.achievedgreatsuccessoverseas

C.becameaverypopularbooktoread

D.expressedtheviewsofafascinatingman

问题2选项

A.theunderlyingprinciplesconcernmoney-making

B.itisineffectualingettingitsmessageacross

C.afewpeoplearedeeplydisturbedbyit

D.thevaluesitconveysareacceptedbyall

问题3选项

A.thebrainisabletomakeconsciousdecisions

B.theconsciousmindisaffectedbyTVimages

C.theireyesscanaTVscreen10timesasecond

D.theconsciousmindisunabletorejecttheimagesitsees

问题4选项

A.peoplewouldlosetheirothersenses

B.peoplewouldbeveiyimaginative

C.peoplewillbecomeverypassive

D.peoplewouldcometodependononlywatching

问题5选项

A.couldleadtodeath

B.mightcausebraindamage

C.couldendangerpeople’shealth

D.wouldmakecellsmalignant

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节题。第一段：…aftereighteditionsisstillgeneratinggreatconcernanddebateintheUSA：这本书自从几年前出版以来已经出了八版。并且还在引起广泛的关注和激烈的争论。由此可知，C项(成为了很受欢迎的书)为正确答案。A:给美国人带来了痛苦。与原文不符。B:在海外取得很大成功。文章只提到在美国引起人们的关注与争议，故与原文不符。D:介绍一个有