考研考博-英语-信阳学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-信阳学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Mostpeoplefeelstressatsometimeontheirlives.Somepeoplelikethispressureandworkbetterbecauseofit.Otherpeoplearenotcomfortablewithanystressatall;theysoonbecomeunhappyiftheyfeelstress.Sometimesstresscanleadpeopletodothingstheywouldn’tusuallydo,suchasovereat,smoke,drink,orusedrugs.Stress,however,isaverynormalpartoflife.

Itisimportanttounderstandthatstressdoesn’tcomefromaneventitself;thatisfromthethingsthatarehappeninginourlives.Itcomesfromthemeaningwegivetowhathashappened.Forexample,acryingbabymaybestressfultooneperson,butitmaynotbotheranotherpersonatall;atrafficjammaybestressfultoonepersonwhileanotherpersonmaybeabletostaycalm.Wecanexperiencestressanytimewefeelwedon’tcontrol.Itcancomefromafeelingthatwecan’tdoanythingaboutasituation.Basically,itisthebody’swayofshowinganxietyorworry.Stressisnotjustcausedbyourmentaloremotionalcondition.Itisalsoinfluencedbyhowtiredweare,whetherwehaveabalanceddietwithenoughvitaminsandminerals,whetherwegetenoughphysicalexercises,andwhetherwearerelaxed.

Thepointatwhichstressbecomesaproblemchangesfromdaytoday,evenforthesameperson,insomesituation,ifwearerestedandfeelgoodaboutourselves,alittlestresswillnotbeaproblem.Inanothersituation,ifwearetiredorfeelunsureaboutourabilities,evenasmallamountofstresscancauseproblems.Forexample,wemightbegintoworryaboutthingsthathaven’thappenedyetinsteadofworkingonthingsthatarehappeningnow.Orwemightnotfeelabletofindsolutionstoeverydayproblems.

Ifwefeelstressed,thereareseveralthingsthatwecando.First,weneedtolearnhowtorelaxandbreatheslowlyandsmoothly.Wecanalsotakesometimeoutofourworried,busyscheduletonoticethesmallthingsinlife.Smelltheair,lookattheflowers,noticethesmalldesignsintheleavesonatree—theseactivitiescandomuchtoquietusandtogiveourselvesasmallbreakinabusyschedule.

Weneedtotakecareofourbodies.Beingtiredmakesiteasierforustogetsickandtodevelopphysicalproblemsrelatedtostress.Weneedtogetenoughrest,eatwell,anddosomeregularexercise.Scientistshavefoundthatforourmindstothinkclearly,ourbodiesneedtohavecertainvitaminsandminerals;someofthemostimportantvitaminsaretheB-complexvitamins.Doingregularexerciseisalsoaphysicalwaytoletgoofangryfeelingsorfeelingsofhelplessness.

Finally,weneedtofindwhatiscausingthestressinourlives.Oncewehavefoundit,weneedtobegintochangethatpartofourlives.Ifwebelievethatwecancontrolstresswecanbegintocontrolourlives.Thenwecanstarttousestressinapositiveway.

1.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

2.AllofthefollowingstatementsarecorrectEXCEPTthat______.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamongthesolutionstostressprovidedbythepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?

5.ThepassagetalksaboutmanyaspectsofstressEXCEPT______.

问题1选项

A.stress

B.physicalexercise

C.diets

D.anxiety

问题2选项

A.whetherwelikeitornot,stressisanormalpartinourlives

B.somethingstressfultoonepersonmaybenothingatalltoanother

C.stressissomethingthatwecanhardlycontrolbecauseitappearsalmosteverywhereinourlives

D.whetherstresscausesproblemsornotmainlydependsonwefeelaboutourselves

问题3选项

A.Weneedtotakecareofourbodies.

B.Weneedtodiscussitwithapsychologicaldoctor.

C.Weneedtofindwhatiscausingthestressinourlives.

D.Weneedtolearnhowtorelaxandbreatheslowlyandsmoothly.

问题4选项

A.Stressisalwaysagoodthing.

B.Stressishorribletomostpeople.

C.Whetherstressbringsaboutpeople’shappinessdependsontheattitudesofpeople.

D.Smokinganddrinkingarecausedbystress.

问题5选项

A.howtousestressinapositiveway

B.thewaystressisformed

C.howtorelievestress

D.howtohelppeoplewhotakedrugsasavictimofstress

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。通读全文。A选项“压力”，文章围绕着压力展开来讨论，压力在我们日常生活中无处不在，A选项正确。B选项“体育运动”，文章提到体育锻炼是缓解压力的好办法，但并不是文章主要内容，B选项可排除。C选项“饮食”，文章部分内容提到了饮食，压力会使人造成不良的饮食习惯，C选项可排除。D选项“焦虑”，文章提到压力会使人焦虑，焦虑并不是文章主要内容，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。

2.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。D选项“压力是否会引起问题主要取决于我们对自己的感觉”，可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Itisalsoinfluencedbyhowtiredweare,whetherwehaveabalanceddietwithenoughvitaminsandminerals,whetherwegetenoughphysicalexercises,andwhetherwearerelaxed.（它还受到我们的疲劳程度，是否有均衡的饮食，是否有足够的维生素和矿物质，是否有足够的体育锻炼，是否放松等因素的影响），压力不仅仅是由我们的精神或情绪状况引起的，还受到各种因素的影响，因此不仅仅是由于我们自身的感觉，D选项说法不正确。A选项“不管我们喜不喜欢，压力是我们生活中很正常的一部分”，文章第一段第一句Mostpeoplefeelstressatsometimeontheirlives.（大多数人在生活中都会有压力），也就是压力是我们生活的一部分，因此A选项可排除。B选项“对一个人有压力的事情对另一个人来说可能根本不算什么”，文章第二段第三句Forexample,acryingbabymaybestressfultooneperson,butitmaynotbotheranotherpersonatall;（例如，一个哭泣的婴儿可能对一个人有压力，但可能对另一个人没有任何影响），也就是对于一个人造成的压力，对于另外一个人可能不算什么，B选项可排除。C选项“压力是我们很难控制的东西，因为它几乎在我们的生活中无处不在”，文章第一段最后一句Stress,however,isaverynormalpartoflife.（然而，压力是生活中很正常的一部分），也就是压力是不能够避免的，压力在我们生活中无处不在，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。B选项“我们需要和心理医生讨论一下”，文章没有提到需要找心理医生讨论压力，B选项符合题意。A选项“我们需要照顾好我们的身体”，文章倒数第二段Weneedtotakecareofourbodies.（我们需要照顾好我们的身体），A选项可排除。C选项“我们需要找出是什么造成了我们生活中的压力”，可以定位到文章最后一段第一句weneedtofindwhatiscausingthestressinourlives.（我们需要找到是什么在我们的生活中造成压力），C选项可排除。D选项“我们需要学习如何放松和缓慢而平稳地呼吸”，文章倒数第三段第二句Weneedtolearnhowtorelaxandbreatheslowlyandsmoothly.（我们需要学习如何放松和呼吸缓慢和顺畅），D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。C选项“压力是否带来人们的幸福取决于人们的态度”，可以定位到文章第一段第二句Somepeoplelikethispressureandworkbetterbecauseofit.Otherpeoplearenotcomfortablewithanystressatall;theysoonbecomeunhappyiftheyfeelstress.（有些人喜欢这种压力，并因此工作得更好。有些人对任何压力都感到不舒服；如果他们感到压力，他们很快就会不开心），但对于另外的人来说，压力对他可能没有影响，因此可推测，压力是否给人们带来幸福感，取决于他们的态度，C选项正确。A选项“压力总是一件好事”，可以定位到文章第一段倒数第二句Sometimesstresscanleadpeopletodothingstheywouldn’tusuallydo,suchasovereat,smoke,drink,orusedrugs.（有时压力会导致人们做一些他们通常不会做的事情，比如暴饮暴食、抽烟、喝酒或吸毒），压力有时候也会带来负面影响，A选项可排除。B选项“压力对大多数人来说都是可怕的”，文章只是提到大多数人会面临压力，并没有说大多数人觉得压力可怕，B选项可排除。D选项“吸烟和喝酒是由压力引起的”，以偏概全，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。D选项“如何帮助吸毒的人作为压力的受害者”，文章提到，压力可能会使人吸毒，但并没有提到如何帮助吸毒的人，D选项文章没有提到。A选项“如何积极地利用压力”，文章最后一句Thenwecanstarttousestressinapositiveway.（然后我们可以开始积极地利用压力），可排除A选项。B选项“压力形成的方式”，可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Itisalsoinfluencedbyhowtiredweare,whetherwehaveabalanceddietwithenoughvitaminsandminerals,whetherwegetenoughphysicalexercises,andwhetherwearerelaxed.（它还受到我们的疲劳程度，是否有均衡的饮食，是否有足够的维生素和矿物质，是否有足够的体育锻炼，是否放松等因素的影响），B选项可排除。C选项“如何缓解压力”，文章提到三种方式缓解压力，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Thefactisthatmotherhoodmakestheheaviestdemandsin（）heareasofleastexperience.

问题1选项

A.thatitmightbecalled

B.whatmightbecalled

C.whichmightbecalled

D.itmightbecalled

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法知识。空格处所填词在介词in的宾语从句中充当主语的成分，因此只有B选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Themachinelookedlikealarge,（

）,old-fashionedtypewriter.

问题1选项

A.forceful

B.clumsy

C.intense

D.tricky

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这台机器看上去像一台又大又笨的老式打字机。

形容词辨析。Forceful强有力的，有说服力的;clumsy笨拙的(贬义);intense强列的，紧张的;tricky狡猾的，机警的。因此B符合句意。

4.不定项选择题

TheCommercialRevolutionwasnotconfined,ofcourse,tothegrowthoftradeandbanking.Includedinitalsowerefundamentalchangesinmethodsofproduction.ThesystemofmanufacturedevelopedbythecraftguildsinthelaterMiddleAgeswasrapidlybecomingdefunct.Theguildsthemselves,dominatedbythemastermen,hadgrownselfishandexclusive.

Membershipinthemwascommonlyrestrictedtoafewprivilegedfamilies.Besides,theyweresocompletelychokedbytraditionthattheywereunabletomakeadjustmentstochangingconditions.Moreover,newindustrieshadsprungupentirelyoutsidetheguildsystem.Characteristicexampleswereminingandsmeltingandthewoolenindustry.Therapiddevelopmentoftheseenterpriseswasstimulatedbytechnicaladvances,suchastheinventionofthespinningwheelandthediscoveryofawinemethodofmakingbrass,whichaskedabouthalfofthefuelpreviouslyused.Intheminingandsmeltingindustriesaformoforganizationwasadoptedsimilartothatwhichhasprevailedeversince.

ButthemosttypicalformofindustrialproductionintheCommercialRevolutionwasthedomesticsystem,developedfirstofallinthewoolenindustry.Thedomesticsystemderivesitsnamefromthefactthattheworkwasdoneinthehomesofindustrialartisansinsteadofintheshopofamastercraftsman.Sincethevariousjobsinthemanufactureofaproductweregivenoutoncontract,thesystemisalsoknownastheputtingoutsystem.Notwithstandingthepettyscaleofproduction,theorganizationwasbasicallycapitalistic.Therawmaterialwaspurchasedbyanentrepreneurandassignedtoindividualworker,eachofwhomwouldcompletehisallottedtaskforastipulatedpayment.Inthecaseofthewoolenindustrytheyarnwouldbegivenoutfirstofalltothespinners,thentotheweavers,fillers,anddyerinsuccession.Whentheclothwasfinallyfinished,itwouldbetakenbytheclothierandsoldintheopenmarketforthehighestpriceitwouldbring.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatchangesdidtheCommercialRevolutionbringabout?

2.Theword“defunct”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,inwhichareawasitmoreenergy-effective?

4.Theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

问题1选项

A.Methodsofproduction.

B.Appearanceofcraftguilds.

C.Increasedtradevolume.

D.Growthoftrade,bankingandmethodsofproduction.

问题2选项

A.popular

B.obsolete

C.potential

D.extensive

问题3选项

A.Smeltingindustry

B.Miningindustry

C.Banking

D.Weaving

问题4选项

A.theguildsystemwasmoreefficient

B.thedomesticsystemwascapitalistic

C.thetechnicaladvancestimulatedtheguildsystem

D.thedomesticsystemwasnotasefficientastheguildsystem

问题5选项

A.Technicaladvancesstimulatedthedevelopmentofenterprises.

B.Inthewoolenindustry,weaverswouldpassontheirproductstospinners.

C.Thedomesticsystemisalsoknownastheputtingoutsystem.

D.Theword“clothier”issynonymousto“entrepreneur”inthiscontext.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据文章内容，商业革命带来了哪些变化？选项A“生产方式”；选项B“手工业工会的出现”；选项C“贸易量的增加”；选项D“贸易，银行和生产方式的进步”，根据第一段第一句的内容“TheCommercialRevolutionwasnotconfined,ofcourse,tothegrowthoftradeandbanking.Includedinitalsowerefundamentalchangesinmethodsofproduction.当然，商业革命没有限制贸易和银行业的发展。它还带来了生产方式的根本性变化”，所以商业革命的影响包括两方面的内容，选项A和选项B表达的都正确，但是只是一部分的影响，不全面，所以可以排除；选项C错误；故正确答案为选项D。

第2题:词义辨析题。第一段中“defunct”这个单词大概的意思是，popular“流行的”；obsolete“废弃的，已经过时的”；potential“潜在的；有潜力的”；extensive“广泛的”，我们可以根据下文来猜测这个单词的含义，根据第一段最后一句话“Theguildsthemselves,dominatedbythemastermen,hadgrownselfishandexclusive.工会本身被精通技术的人主导，变得自私和排他”，这句话是对“defunct”所在句“ThesystemofmanufacturedevelopedbythecraftguildsinthelaterMiddleAgeswasrapidlybecomingdefunct”中世纪晚期，由手工工会发展而来的制造业迅速地变得“defunct”的进一步解释说明，所以由selfish和exclusive可知defunct的意思应该是obsolete，故正确答案为选项B。

第3题:推理判断题。根据文章内容，哪个地方的能源利用最高效？选项A“冶炼行业”；选项B“煤矿业”；选项C“银行业”；选项D“纺织业”；根据文章第二段中“suchastheinventionofthespinningwheelandthediscoveryofawinemethodofmakingbrass,whichaskedabouthalfofthefuelpreviouslyused.如转轮的发明和葡萄酒生产铜的方法，它们只需要以前大约一半的燃料使用”，可知由于技术的改进，在冶炼行业能源的使用变得十分的高效,故正确答案为选项A。

第4题:细节事实题。作者暗示什么，选项A“工会制度更加高效”；选项B“家庭手工制是资本主义”；选项C“技术进步刺激了工会制度”；选项D“家庭手工制不如工会制度那么有效率”，根据文章第三段中“Notwithstandingthepettyscaleofproduction,theorganizationwasbasicallycapitalistic尽管生产规模小，组织基本上是资本主义”，可知家庭手工制是资本主义，故正确答案为选项B。

第5题:细节事实题。根据文章内容，以下哪个陈述是不对的？选项A“技术进步刺激了企业的发展”；选项B“在羊毛工业中，织布工可以把产品传递给纺纱工”；选项C“家庭手工业也称为散工制”；选项D在这篇文章中，“呢绒商”是“企业家”的代名词，根据文章第三段中“Inthecaseofthewoolenindustrytheyarnwouldbegivenoutfirstofalltothespinners,thentotheweavers…羊毛产业的纱线会首先给纺纱工，然后传递给织布工”，可知并非织布工把产品传递给纺纱工，故正确答案为选项B。

5.单选题

Thoughfinedseveraltimes,hestill（）noimportancetohisoldhabits.

问题1选项

A.adheres

B.clings

C.sticks

D.attaches

【答案】D

【解析】attachimportanceto为固定搭配,意为“重视,注意”。句意：尽管被罚了几次款,他仍然不重视他的旧习惯。选项D符合句意。

6.单选题

Mysisterisquite______andplanstogetanM.A.degreewithinoneyear.

问题1选项

A.aggressive

B.enthusiastic

C.considerate

D.ambitious

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.aggressive好斗的，挑衅的B.enthusiastic热情的，热心的

C.considerate考虑周到的，为（他人）着想的D.ambitious有野心的，有雄心的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据后半句句意“计划在一年内拿到硕士学位”可知，Mysisterisquite______表示的意思是“我妹妹雄心勃勃”。因此，该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】我妹妹雄心勃勃，计划在一年内拿到硕士学位。

7.翻译题

美国人以两个特殊的日子向父母表示敬意：这便是每年五月第二个星期日的母亲节和六月第三个星期日的父亲节。人们用各种形式来庆贺这两个特殊的日子。在母亲节那天，人们佩戴康乃馨（carnation）；很多人还通过参加宗教仪式来向父母致意；在这两天，许多家庭在家中或到餐馆去聚会。这是充满欢乐、美好情感和美好回忆的日子。

【答案】PeopleintheUnitedStateshonortheirparentswithtwospecialdays:Mother'sDay,onthesecondSundayinMay,andFather'sDay,onthethirdSundayinJune.Thesedaysaresetasidetoshowloveandrespectforparents.OnMother'sDaypeoplewearcarnations;manypeopleattendreligiousservicestohonorparents.Onthesedaysfamiliesgettogetherathome,aswellasinrestaurants.Thesearedaysoffunandgoodfeelingsandmemories.

8.单选题

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehatsforexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarII,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy”lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashionhouses.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater;anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou'llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare______.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto______.

3.Causesoffashionsare_______.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes______.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

问题2选项

A.confidenceinlife

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.individualhairstyle

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

问题3选项

A.uniform

B.varied

C.unknown

D.inexplicable

问题4选项

A.uniformity

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

问题5选项

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations.

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations.

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations.

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.（我们中很少有人满足于接受自己的现状，也很少有人敢忽视时尚潮流）可知C选项“很难忽视时尚”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment（我们将能够充满信心地认识新的人，并且能够自信地、毫不尴尬地处理每一件事）可知时尚杂志和电视广告将时尚与人的自信联系在一起，因此选A。

3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.（有时是方便或实际需要，或仅仅是一个有影响力的人的幻想就能建立起一种时尚）可知导致时尚变化的原因是多变的，因此选B。

4.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.（不再需要像其他人那样穿衣服了。在合理的范围内，你可以穿自己喜欢的衣服，也可以用你喜欢的方式做头发，而不是你应该做的样子，因为这是时尚）可知当今社会更尊重个人选择，强调个性化，因此选D。

5.主旨大意题。由文章最后一段中的第一句Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.（同时，外表在某些情况下仍然很重要，所以我们必须谨慎地选择我们的衣服）可知A选项“在正式场合下需要注意外貌形象”符合题意。

9.写作题

Directions:Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.UsethespaceprovidedonyourAnswerSheetII.

TOPICManypeoplejudgethevalueofthingsbytheirpracticalityorusefulness.Whatisyouropiniononthistopic?Supportyourargumentwithreasonsorexamples.

【答案】【参考范文】

Peopletendtojudgethevalueofthingsbytheirpracticalityorusefulness.AlthoughIunderstandwhypeopledoso,Istillholdthatthevalueofthingsshouldnotbejudgedonlybytheirpracticalityorusefulness.

Tostartwith,thevalueofthingscannotbejudgedbyanyone-dimensionalstandard.Athingmayhavedifferentvaluesintheeyesofdifferentpeople.Judgingthevalueofthingsbytheirpracticalityorusefulnessisjustonedimensionbutnotnecessarilythebestdimension.Fromamundaneoutlook,practicalthingsmaybringpeoplemorebenefitsandrewards.Lookingfromahistoricalperspective,wecouldfindtheoriginofsuchautilitarianoutlookinsomehardtimes.Duringthosehistoricalperiodswhenascarcityoffoodwasaubiquitousphenomenon,survivalwasoftheutmostpriority,andjudgingthevalueofthingsfromtheirusefulnesscouldensurehumanbeing’ssurvivaltoamaximumextent.Afterall,therewaslittlechanceforpeopletowastetheirpreciousresourcesonuselessthings.

However,asthelivingstandardisrisinghigherandhigherinmodernsociety,nowadayspeoplearemuchlessworriedabouttheadequacyoflivingsubstancesthantheywereinthebygoneages.Atthistime,howtojudgethevalueofthingshasbecomeamultidimensionalchoice.Someindividualsbegintocherishspiritualoraestheticvalueofthings.Newgenerationsareoftenpursuingdifferentkindsofvalueinapostmodernsociety,andthepracticalityisnolongerthesinglestandardtomeasurethevalueofthings.

Furthermore,theaestheticvalueofthingsisalsoadimensionwhichdeservesourattention.Fewofuscouldresistthetemptationofabeautifulfreshflower,aswellasthehealingpowerofanunforgettablemelody,andthecolorfulglamourofanexquisitepainting.Theremaybelittlepracticaluseinartorartisticobjects,buttheydohaveavalueintheeyesofanappreciatingadmirer.Althoughthespiritualvalueofathinglooksintangible,itcouldreallyexertaprofoundinfluenceonpeople.Forinstance,gazingattheworldfamouspainting“Sunflower”onthewall,wecouldfeelVincentvanGogh’sburningvitalityandgetinspiredwhenweareinagloomymood.ListeningtoMozart’smusicdohelpusrelaxinapleasantmood.

Therefore,therearemanywayswecanemploytomeasurethevalueofthings.Itisone-sidedtojudgethevalueofthingsonlybytheirpracticalityorusefulness.

10.单选题

Wespentanhour（）withthecrowdsaswedidourshopping.

问题1选项

A.purling

B.cobbling

C.jostling

D.tapping

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项purling“用反针编织；用金银丝绣”；B选项cobbling“修，拙劣地修补；草率地拼凑，粗制滥造；铺鹅卵石，用圆石铺面”；C选项jostling“推搡，推挤；争夺”；D选项tapping“轻敲，打拍子，窃听”。句意：在购物时我们一个小时（）在人群中。jostling“推搡”和thecrowds搭配，符合购物时拥挤的生活场景。因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

Everyprofession,everyart,andeverysciencehasitstechnicalvocabulary,thefunctionofwhichispartlytodesignatethingsorprocesseswhichhavenonamesinordinaryEnglish,andpartlytosecuregreaterexactnessinnomenclature.Suchspecialdialects,orjargons,arenecessaryintechnicaldiscussionofanykind.Beinguniversallyunderstoodbythedevoteesoftheparticularscienceorart,theyhavetheprecisionofamathematicalformula.Besides,theysavetime,foritismuchmoreeconomicaltonameaprocessthantodescribeit.Thousandsofthesetechnicaltermsareveryproperlyincludedineverylargedictionary,yet,asawhole,theyareratherontheoutskirtsoftheEnglishlanguagethanactuallywithinitsborders.

Differentoccupations,however,differwidelyinthecharacteroftheirspecialvocabularies.Intradesandhandicraftsandothervocations,suchasfarmingandfishing,thathaveoccupiedgreatnumbersofmenfromremotetimes,thetechnicalvocabularyisveryold.Itconsistslargelyofnativewords,orofborrowedwordsthathaveworkedthemselvesintotheveryfiberofourlanguage.Hence,thoughhighlytechnicalinmanyparticulars,thesevocabulariesaremorefamiliarinsound,andmoregenerallyunderstoodthanmostothertechnicalities.Thespecialdialectsoflaw,medicine,divinity,andphilosophyhavealso,intheiroldstrata,becomeprettyfamiliartocultivatedpersons,andhavecontributedmuchtothepopularvocabulary.Yet,everyvocationstillpossessesalargebodyoftechnicaltermsthatremainessentiallyforeign,eventoeducatedspeech.Andtheproportionhasbeenmuchincreasedinthelastfiftyyears,particularlyinthevariousdepartmentsofnaturalandpoliticalscienceandinthemechanicarts.Herenewtermsarecoinedwiththegreatestfreedomandabandonedwithindifferencewhentheyhaveservedtheirturn.Mostofthenewcoinagesareconfinedtospecialdiscussionsandseldomgetintogeneralliteratureorconversation.Yet,noprofessionisnowadays,asallprofessionsoncewere,aclosedguild.Thelawyer,thephysician,thescientist,andtheclericassociatesfreelywithhisfellowcreatures,anddoesnotmeettheminamerelyprofessionalway.Furthermore,whatiscalledpopularsciencemakeseverybodyacquaintedwithmodernviewsandrecentdiscoveries.Anyimportantexperiment,thoughmadeinaremoteorprovinciallaboratory,isatoncereportedinthenewspapers,andeverybodyissoontalkingaboutit—asinthecaseoftheRoentgenraysandwirelesstelegraphy.Thus,ourcommonspeechisalwaystakingupnewtechnicaltermsandmakingthemcommonplace.

13.Theauthor’smainpurposeinthepassageisto__________.

14.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingspecialvocabulariesisunderstoodbymorepeople?

15.Whentheauthorreferstoprofessionsasnolongerbeing“closedguilds”hemeansthat_______.

16.Itseemsthatthepassageimplies__________.

问题1选项

A.proposeasolution

B.argueagainstabelief

C.describeaphenomenon

D.provideentertainment

问题2选项

A.Medicalvocabulary.

B.Legalvocabulary.

C.Politicalvocabulary.

D.Agriculturalvocabulary.

问题3选项

A.itismucheasiertobecomeaprofessionaltodaythanitwasinthepast

B.thereismoresocialinteractionbetweenprofessionalsandothers

C.popularsciencehastoldtheirsecretstotheworld

D.anyonecannowunderstandanythinginaprofession

问题4选项

A.thewordsoftheEnglishlanguagearealwayschanging

B.onecanneverbesureofwhatawordmeanswithoutconsultinganexpert

C.likeEnglish,alllanguagesarebecomingmoreandmoretechnical

D.technicaltermsinmostnon-scientificfieldshavelittlechanceofbecomingpartofthemainbodyofthelanguage

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】13.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。段首句Everyprofession,everyart,andeverysciencehasitstechnicalvocabulary,thefunctionofwhichispartlytodesignatethingsorprocesseswhichhavenonamesinordinaryEnglish,andpartlytosecuregreaterexactnessinnomenclature.（每一种职业、每一种艺术、每一门科学都有它的专业词汇，其作用部分是用来指定在普通英语中没有名称的事物或过程，部分是为了确保命名的更精确。）与结尾句Thus,ourcommonspeechisalwaystakingupnewtechnicaltermsandmakingthemcommonplace.（因此，我们的日常用语总是会接受新的技术术语，并使它们变得司空见惯。）扫描全文可知，文中主要对技术术语现象进行了介绍和描述。因此C选项“描述一种现象”正确，符合题意。A选项“提出一种解决方案”，B选项“辩论一种看法”，D选项“提供娱乐”均不符合题意，可排除。故选C。

14.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】客观细节题。第二段中谈及Intradesandhandicraftsandothervocations,suchasfarmingandfishing,thathaveoccupiedgreatnumbersofmenfromremotetimes,thetechnicalvocabularyisveryold.（在贸易、手工业和其他职业中，例如农业和渔业，这些从遥远的时代就占据了大量的人口，技术词汇非常古老。）以及后文Hence,thoughhighlytechnicalinmanyparticulars,thesevocabulariesaremorefamiliarinsound,andmoregenerallyunderstoodthanmostothertechnicalities.（因此，尽管这些词汇（农业和渔业）的词汇在许多细节上具有很高的技术性，但它们在读音上更为人所熟知，也比大多数其他技术性词汇更为通俗易懂。）由此可知，让更多人知道的特殊表达应该是与农业和渔业有关的词汇。因此D选项“农业词汇”正确，符合题意。A选项“医学词汇”，B选项“法律词汇”，C选项“政治词汇”均不符合题意，可排除。故选D。

15.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由关键词定位在最后一段Yet,noprofessionisnowadays,asallprofessionsoncewere,aclosedguild.（然而，如今没有一种职业像所有职业曾经那样，是一个封闭的公会。）Thelawyer,thephysician,thescientist,andtheclericassociatesfreelywithhisfellowcreatures,anddoesnotmeettheminamerelyprofessionalway.（律师和物理学家，以及科学家和牧师能自由地与同伴结交，并且在专业区域之外也能会面。）Furthermore,whatiscalledpopularsciencemakeseverybodyacquaintedwithmodernviewsandrecentdiscoveries.（此外，被称为通俗科学的东西使得每个人都熟悉时髦的观点和最近的发现。）因此，不再是closedguilds“封闭的公会”是因为现在不同专业的人之间也可以互相交流了。因此B选项“专业人员和其它人之间有更多的社交互动”正确，符合题意。A选项“如今相比过去更容易变成一位专业人员”，C选项“大众科学已经将他们的秘密告知了世界”，D选项“任何人如今都能理解一个专业方面的任何事情”，均不符合题意，可排除。故选B。

16.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位在最后一段Thus,ourcommonspeechisalwaystakingupnewtechnicaltermsandmakingthemcommonplace.（因此，我们的通用语一直在吸收新的技术术语，并让它们变成通用语）。可以知道我们所说的通用语都是将新的词汇融入后而形成的。因此A选项“英语语言词汇一直都在变化”正确，符合题意。B