考研考博-英语-兰州财经大学考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兰州财经大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust_______thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworldmarketdemand.

问题1选项

A.improve

B.enhance

C.guarantee

D.gear

【答案】D

【解析】improve改善,增进;enhance增加,提高;guarantee保证,担保;gear适合。句意：为了在国家间激烈的贸易竞争中生存,我们必须使我们生产的产品的质量和品种适应世界市场的需求。gearto使适应,所以选项D正确。

2.单选题

Shespentahappyafternoon______hercoinsandstamps.

问题1选项

A.makingout

B.sortingout

C.figuringout

D.turningout

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项makingout“理解；证明；填写完”；B选项sortingout“整理；挑选”；C选项figuringout“解决；算出”；D选项turningout“原来是”。句意：她______她的硬币和邮票，度过了一个快乐的下午。根据语境，sortingout“整理；挑选”搭配coinsandstamps“硬币和邮票”比较合适。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

The（）ofallkindsofnecessarygoodswascausedbynaturalcalamity.

问题1选项

A.variety

B.scarcity

C.solidarity

D.commodity

【答案】B

【解析】同形词辨析题。variety“多样”；scarcity“不足；缺乏”；solidarity“团结”；commodity“商品”；根据naturalcalamity“自然灾害”可知此处应该说的是各种必需品的“缺乏”，故正确答案为选项B。句意为：各种必需品的缺乏是自然灾难造成的。

4.单选题

IdeasabouteducationarechangingintheUnitedStates.Educationtodayisnotjustahighschooldiplomaoracollegedegree.Manyadultsarenotinterestedingoingtocollege.Theyareinterestedinotherkindsoflearning.Forthem,learningdoesnotendwithadiploma.

Continuingeducationgivestheseadultstheopportunitytoincreasetheirknowledgeabouttheirownfieldortolearnaboutanewfield.Italsogivesthemachancetoimprovetheiroldskillsortolearnnewones.

Secretaries,mechanics,andbarberscantakeclassestoimprovetheirworkskills.Nursescantakeclassestoincreasetheirknowledgeofnursing.Iftheyknowmoreorlearnmore,thentheycangetabetterjoborearnmoremoney.

Continuingeducationclassesgivesomeadultsthechancetolearnnewskills.Thereisusuallyalargevarietyofclassestochoosefrom,typing,foreigncooking,photography,autorepair,furniturerepair,orswimming.Theseareonlysomeoftheclassesavailable.

Someadultstakeclassesforfunorbecausetheclasswillbeusefulforthem.Forexample,theycanchooseaclassinalmostanylanguage,Chinese,SpanishorEnglishasasecondlanguage.Thereareclassesinfirstaidorclassesinsewing.Therearealsomanyothertypesofclassestochoosefrom.

Otheradultstakecontinuingeducationclassestoimprovetheirownlivesbecausetheywanttofeelbetteraboutthemselves.Overweightpeoplecanfindexerciseclassesorclassesinnutrition.Otherscanlearnhowtobegoodparents,orhowtogetalongwithotherpeople.Therearemanyopportunitiesforadultstocontinuetheirlearning.Almostanycommunitycollegeorpublicschoolsystemhasacontinuingeducationprogram.Thereareclassesinschools,communitybuildings,orchurches.Mostclassesareintheevening,soworkingpeoplecanattend.Theclassesareusuallysmall,andtheyareinexpensive.

Thousandsofpeopleregisterforcontinuingeducationclasseseachyear.Theyreceivenodiplomaorcertificate,andnogradeformostoftheclassestheyattend.Forthem,learningissomethingtheydobecausetheywantto.

1.Lotsofpeopleattendcontinuingeducationclassesbecause（

）.

2.Someadultstakelessonsoftypingorautorepairto（

）.

3.What’sthemainideaofPara.7?

4.Attendingcontinuingeducationclasses（

）.

5.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.theycanalsogotochurchatthesametime

B.therearemanycoursestheycanchoosefrom

C.learningissomethingtheyareinterestedin

D.theclasseswillhelpthembecomemoreconfident

问题2选项

A.getacollegeeducation

B.learnnewskills

C.getacertificate

D.earngrades

问题3选项

A.Adultscancontinuetheirlearning.

B.Classesareheldforworkingpeople.

C.Mostcontinuingeducationclassesareintheevening.

D.Adultshavemanyopportunitiestocontinuetheirlearning.

问题4选项

A.isexpensive

B.requiresaloan

C.isfreeofcharge

D.doesnotcostmuchmoney

问题5选项

A.adulteducationisverypopular

B.collegeeducationisnotimportant

C.otherskindsoflearningaremoreimportantthanschoollearning

D.continuingeducationclassesteachthesamecoursesthataretaughtincolleges

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据文章第四段：Thereisusuallyalargevarietyofclassestochoosefrom...：有很多不同类型的课程可以选择。确定B选项‘有许多课程可供选择‘正确。A选项‘他们可以同时去教堂’，文章没有提及。根据文章第二段:Continuingeducationgivestheseadultstheopportunitytoincreasetheirknowledgeabouttheirownfieldortolearnaboutanewfield.继续教育给这些成年人有机会增加本领域的知识或了解一个新领域。并没有提及是新领域的东西就是他们所感兴趣的，所以C选项‘学习他们感兴趣的东西’排除。D选项‘课程有助于使他们更加自信’文章没有提及。

2.根据文章第一段：Manyadultsarenotinterestedingoingtocollege.Forthem,learningdoesnotendwithadiploma.许多成年人不再对大学感兴趣。对于他们来说，学习不仅仅意味着取得文凭。确定A选项‘获得大学教育‘和C选项‘获得文凭’与原文不符，排除。根据文章第三段：Iftheyknowmoreorlearnmore,thentheycangetabetterjoborearnmoremoney.如果他们知道的多或学到的多，他们就会找到更好的工作，挣到更多的钱。确定B选项‘学新技术‘正确。D选项‘提升等级’文章没有提及。

3.根据文章第七段：Therearemanyopportunitiesforadultstocontinuetheirlearning.继续学习的机会很多。这句话就是这段的主题句，所以D选项‘成年人继续学习机会很多‘正确。A选项’成年人可以继续学习‘不符合题意。B选项’各类班级是专门为职场人设计的‘和C选项’大多数断续教育班都在晚上开课。因为课程班大多在晚上开班，有利于职场人参加学习‘不符合题意。

4.根据文章第七段：Theclassesareusuallysmall,andtheyareinexpensive.班级规模一般较小，费用较低。确定D选项‘不需要太多钱‘正确。A选项‘昂贵的’、B选项‘需要贷款’、C选项‘免费’与原文不符，排除。

5.根据文章第一段：IdeasabouteducationarechangingintheUnitedStates.Educationtodayisnotjustahighschooldiplomaoracollegedegree.Manyadultsarenotinterestedingoingtocollege.Theyareinterestedinotherkindsoflearning.Forthem,learningdoesnotendwithadiploma.在美国，教育观念正在改变。今天，教育不仅仅是一张高中文凭或大学学历。许多成年人不再对大学感兴趣，他们感兴趣的是其他类型的学习。对于他们来说，学习不仅仅意味着取得文凭。再根据文章第二段Continuingeducationgivestheseadultstheopportunitytoincreasetheirknowledgeabouttheirownfieldortolearnaboutanewfield.Italsogivesthemachancetoimprovetheiroldskillsortolearnnewones.继续教育给这些成年人有机会增加本颂域知知识或了解一个新领域，同时也使他们有机会提高原有的技术和学习新的技术。确定A选项‘成人教育很受欢迎‘正确。B选项‘大学教育不重要’、C选项‘其它类型的学习比学校教育更重要’、和D选项‘继续教育班教授的课程与大学课程一样’原文都没有提及。

5.单选题

Thedoctorsaidhisnewstrategyhadstartedto（

）,predictingthatthepatient’sconditionwouldimproveinthecomingmonths.

问题1选项

A.payoff

B.pickup

C.showup

D.sortout

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.payoff付清；取得成功B.pickup学会；获得；染上……疾病

C.showup露面；揭露D.sortout挑选；分类

【答案】A

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】医生说他的新策略已经开始……他预测病人的病情将在未来几个月好转。由本句后半句句意“病人的病情将在未来几个月好转”可知新策略已经生效、取得成功了，所以A选项“付清，取得成功”符合句意。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合句意。

【句意】医生说他的新策略已经开始生效，他预测病人的病情将在未来几个月好转。

6.翻译题

1.Money-laundering（洗钱）hasbeenoneoftheworld’sfastest-growingindustriesoverdecadedespiteincreasingeffortsbytheworld’sfinancialauthoritiestostampitout.

2.Wearenowinanagewherethepubliccanhaveaccesstoinformationthatenablesittomakeitsownjudgments,andmostpeoples,whohadseenthevideoofthisbeatingcouldnotunderstandhowthejurywasabletoacquit（宣布无罪）thepolicemeninvolved.

3.Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachineswhichgeneratenegativeions.

4.Thehackersaresoinvolvedwithdesigningtheirprogram,makingitmoreandmorecomplexandbendingittotheirwill,thattheydon'tbothertryingtomakeitunderstandabletootherusers.

5.AstudvhasfoundthatthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsthatspendheavilyonR&Driseswhenthevbuvforeiunsubsidiaries,buitfallswhenamultinationalwithlowR&Dspendingbuysabroad.

【答案】1.洗钱在过去十年里已经成为世界上发展最快的产业之一，尽管世界金融当局不断加强打击和遏制洗钱力度。

2.我们现在处于人人都能获取信息的时代，这些信息使人们可以自己做出判断，大多数人看过这个殴打视频后都无法理解陪审团怎么可以无罪释放涉案警察。

3.为了增加室内负离子的供应量,一些科学家建议使用离子发生器:可以产生负离子的便携式机器。

4.黑客们如此专注于设计他们的程序，使其越来越复杂，并按照他们的意愿来编程，以至于他们不愿费心去让其他用户理解这些程序。

5.一项研究发现，那些在研发上投入巨资的美国跨国公司在收购海外子公司时，其股价会上涨，而当一家研发投入较低的跨国公司收购海外公司时，股价就会下跌。

当媒体为更多的人提供更多的选择时，媒体有助于民主政治，而当媒体由灯光信号站转变为热导导弹时，媒体将不利于民主政治。比如，总统发表的1995年国情咨文报告花了一个多小时，这显然超出了大多数网络评论家（评论员：发表评论的人）所能承受的大约半小时的容忍度。演说结束后，网络评论家即时对演说做出分析，批判演说的长度而且“缺乏重点”。然而，从第二天的民意调查结果和现场访谈来看，大多数美国人似乎很欣赏总统演讲的内容。当今媒体调查少，宣传多

7.翻译题

Abaseball(棒球)thatlandsinanopen(开阔地)sooncomestorestbecauseofitsinteractionwiththeground.

【答案】由于与地面的相互作用，落在空地上的棒球很快就会停下来。

8.单选题

（）revealedthesecret?

问题1选项

A.Whowasitthat

B.Whowasitwho

C.Itwaswhothat

D.Itwaswhomthat

【答案】A

【解析】考查强调句。itis+被强调部分+that为强调句型。该句强调部分在句中做主语，故用who，该句为疑问句，故A项正确。

9.单选题

Allthelivingorganisms,regardlessoftheiruniqueidentity,havecertainbiological,chemical,andphysicalcharacteristicsincommon.

问题1选项

A.asaresult

B.considering

C.whatever

D.onpurpose

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项asaresult“结果”；B选项considering“考虑到……”；C选项whatever“无论什么，不管怎样”；D选项onpurpose“故意地”。句意：所有的生物体，不论其独特的特性如何，都有某些共同的生物、化学和物理特性。根据句意，可以看出C选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Fathergaveus（

）consenttotaketheapplesforhesmiledwhenhesawusdoit.

问题1选项

A.explicit

B.implicit

C.ambiguous

D.negative

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项explicit“明确的，清楚的”；B选项implicit“含蓄的，暗示的”；C选项ambiguous“模糊不清的”；D选项negative“消极的，否定的”。句意：父亲默许我们摘苹果，因为看到我们摘苹果时，他笑了。选项B更符合语境。

11.单选题

Accuracyis______totheprogrammingofcomputer.

问题1选项

A.elemental

B.base

C.fundamental

D.inherent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项elemental“基本的；主要的；自然力的；四大要素的（土、水、气、火）”（强调属于事物的基础或本质）；B选项based“基地在……的；在……居住（或工作）；（以某事）为基础，为根据”；C选项fundamental“基本的，根本的”（强调重要性，根基作用等，指重要程度即非常重要）；D选项inherent“固有的；内在的；与生俱来的，遗传的”。句意：准确性是计算机编程的基础。befundamentalto...“基础的；基本的”。因此C选项正确。

12.单选题

Theinternationalsituationhasbeengrowing（）difficultforthelastfewyears.

问题1选项

A.invariably

B.presumably

C.increasingly

D.dominantly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项invariably“不变地”；B选项presumably“大概，推测起来”；C选项increasingly“越来越多地”；D选项dominantly“有统治权地”。句意：最近几年里，国际形势日益严峻。选项C符合句意。

13.单选题

Therehasbeennothingmoreastonishingintheprogressofwarwhichisreallytheapplicationofthemechanicsofforcetohumannature（

）

thepositionthatpublicopinionoccupies.

问题1选项

A.as

B.to

C.than

D.better

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。nothingmore...than...意思为“没有什么比……更加……”。分析句子结构，空格后面是名词“position位置”，而前面有nothingmore出现，再结合上下文意思，故推断选项C为最佳答案。句意为：战争实际上是武力作用于人性，在这个过程中，没有什么比公众舆论占据的地位更让人吃惊的了。

14.单选题

InNovember1970YukioMishima,togetherwithsomeofhisfanaticalfollowersfromtheultranationalisticShieldSocietywhichhehadfoundedin1966,brokeintotheheadquartersofJapan’sEasternDefenseForcesarmedwithswordsanddaggers,overpoweredsomeaides,tiedupthecommandinggeneral,anddemandedthatthetroopsbeassembledtohearaspeech.Mishimaaddressedthetroopsfortenminutes,incitingthemtorebelagainsttheconstitutionalgovernmentimposedbytheUnitedStatesthathad,inhiswords,“turnedJapanspineless”.Receivingonlyridiculeinresponse,hereturnedtothegeneral’sofficeandthere,beforethegeneral’sunbelievingeyes,proceededtokillhimselfinstrictaccordancewiththetraditionalsamurairitualofseppuku.AfterMishimahaddrivenadaggerdeepintohisleftabdomen,oneofhisaidesseveredhisheadwithasword.Theaidelikewisekilledhimselfandwasbeheaded;theotherssurrendered.

In1936therehadbeenasimilarrevoltand,thoughequallyunsuccessful,ithadforeshadowedtherepressiveregimeofGeneralTojothatwastostagetheattackonPearlHarborin1941.ThatearlierrevoltistheonereferredtoinPatriotism,oneofMishima’smostpowerfulstories.Herelifeandfictionbecomejoined.TheactofseppukuwasforMishimaafulfillment,“theultimatedreamofmylife.”Bornofanancientsamuraifamily,helongedtodieahero’sdeathinaccordancewiththeancientsamuraicode;buthisweakbodykepthimfromserviceinthewar,andhehadtocompensatethroughbodybuilding(hebecameexpertatkarateandkendo)and,mostimportant,throughthedisciplineofwriting.Inhisshortlifetimeheturnedouttwentynovels,thirtyplays,manyessays,andmorethaneightystories:healsoproduced,directed,andactedinmovies,andevensangonstage.Hisfirstbookofstories,AForestinFlower,appearedin1943,butitwasConfessionofaMask(1948),dealingwiththemeditationsofayoungmanofhomosexualleaningsinarepressivesociety,thatbroughthimfame.

Mishimahasbeencalled“Japan’sHemingway,”whileothershavecomparedhimto“aesthetic”writerslikeWalterPeterandOscarWilde.

1.Thearticleimpliesthat（）.

2.TheaimoftherebelledbyMishimawas（）.

3.Inthe1970rebel,thespeechmadebyMishima（）.

4.Whatistrueaccordingtothearticle?

5.Mishimabecameawell-knownwriterafterhehad（）.

问题1选项

A.Mishimarefusedtojointhearmywhenhewasyoung

B.Mishimahasbeenregardedasalunaticwriter

C.Mishimaisapersonwhoishardtodefine

D.criticsallagreethatMishimaisanaestheticwriter

问题2选项

A.tocapturethecommandinggeneral

B.tourgethegovernmenttodeclareawaragainstAmerica

C.toincitethesoldierstorebelagainsttheconstitutionalgovernment

D.toforcetheEmperortogiveupthethrone

问题3选项

A.waswellreceivedbythesoldiers

B.waslaughedatbythesoldiers

C.impressedthecommandinggeneral

D.leftadeepimpressiontothesoldiers

问题4选项

A.ThegeneralknewthatMishimahadlongedtodieahero’sdeath.

B.ThegeneralwasgreatlytakenabackbyMishima’ssuicideattempt.

C.SomesoldierssurrenderedafterMishima,sspeech.

D.OneofMishima’saideswaskilledbythesoldiers.

问题5选项

A.written“Patriotism,”oneofhismostpowerfulstories

B.writteneightyshortstories

C.published“AForestinFlower”

D.published“ConfessionofaMask”

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节推理题。根据原文内容可知，本文主要是讲YukioMishima的生平，选项A与原文不符；选项B和D太片面，选项C更准确，所以本题选C。

2.细节判断题。根据关键词“rebel”定位到第一段“Mishimaaddressedthetroopsfortenminutes,incitingthemtorebelagainsttheconstitutionalgovernmentimposedbytheUnitedStates...”Mishima向军队发表了十分钟的演讲，煽动他们反抗美国强加给他们的立宪政府。选项C符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段“Receivingonlyridiculeinresponse”可知Mishima发表演讲后只得到嘲笑的回应，选项B符合原文。

4.细节判断题。根据第二段“TheactofseppukuwasforMishimaafulfillment,‘theultimatedreamofmylife.’”切腹自尽对Mishima来说是一种实现，实现的是他“生命中的终极梦想”。也就是说他渴望像英雄一样死去，选项A正确。选项B在文中没有提及；选项C,D均与原文不符。所以本题选A。

5.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“...butitwasConfessionofaMask(1948),...,thatbroughthimfame.”可知选项D正确。

15.单选题

Clothesplayacriticalroleintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywouldliketobe.Theytellusagooddealaboutthewearer’sbackground,personality,status,moodandsocialoutlook.

Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,weusethemtomanipulatepeople’simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.Anelderlymiddle-classmanorwomanmaybealienatedbyayoungadultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmanner,regardlessoftheperson’seducation,background,orinterests.

Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.Adolescentgirlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestylesofgirlswhowearcertainoutfit,includingthenumberofboyfriendstheylikelyhavehadandwhethertheysmokeordrink.Newscasters,ortheannouncerswhoreadthenewsonTV,areconsideredtobemoreconvincing,honest,andcompetentwhentheyaredressedconservatively.Andcollegestudentswhoviewthemselvesastakinganactiveroleintheirinterpersonalrelationshipssaytheyareconcernedaboutthecostumestheymustweartoplaytheserolessuccessfully.Moreover,manyofuscanrelateinstancesinwhichtheclothesweworechangedthewaywefeltaboutourselvesandhowweacted.Perhapsyouhaveusedclothingtogainconfidencewhenyouanticipatedastressfulsituation,suchasajobinterview,oracourtappearance.

Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess.Ithasbeenotherwiseforwomen.Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.Maleadministratorstendtojudgewomenmorefavorablyformanagerialpositionswhenthewomendisplayless“feminine”grooming—shorterhair,moderateuseofmake-up,andplaintailoredclothing.Asonemaleadministratorconfessed,“Anattractivewomanisdefinitelygoingtogetalongerinterview,butshewon’tgetajob.”

1.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,anelderlymiddle-classmanandanunconventionallydressedyoungmanmaybeunableto______.

2.Theauthorusesthenewscasters’exampletoillustratetheideathat______.

3.Men’sprofessionalclothingcanbestbedescribedas“______”.

4.Whatcanwomendowiththeirprofessionalclothingaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.understandeachother’slifestyle

B.sharethesamebackgroundorinterests

C.manipulatetheirimpressiononeachother

D.entertheinitialphaseofapotentialinteraction

问题2选项

A.certainclothinggivespeoplemoreconfidence

B.clotheshavenothingtodowithone’sabilities

C.wetendtostereotypepeoplebytheirclothes

D.competentpeoplearedressedconventionally

问题3选项

A.conventional

B.individualistic

C.out-of-date

D.undiversified

问题4选项

A.Theymustbedressedconservatively.

B.Theydon’thaveanexplicitdressingstyletofollow.

C.Theychooseeithermasculineorfeminineclothing.

D.Theycan’twearunconventionaloutfit.5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题5选项

A.DressingandtheEffect.

B.DressingandPersonality.

C.DressingUpAppropriately.

D.DressingandManagement.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据第二段，一个上了年纪的中产阶级的男人和一个穿着非常不合常规的年轻人可能无法……”。第二段提到Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,weusethemtomanipulatepeople'simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.（因为衣服是社会信息的一个重要来源，我们用它们来操纵人们对我们的印象。我们的外貌在可能发生的互动的最初阶段具有特殊的意义。），接着就提到了不管一个人的教育、背景或兴趣，一个上了年纪的中产阶级男人或女人可能会被一个穿着不合常规的年轻人疏远；由此可知，造成这种现象的原因就是外貌在可能发生的互动的最初阶段具有特殊的意义，如果穿着风格大相径庭，那么他们就无法进入潜在相互作用的初始阶段，因此，D项“进入潜在相互作用的初始阶段”正确；A项“理解彼此的生活方式”没有提到；B项“有相同的背景或兴趣”，这个不是造成这种现象的结果；C项“操纵他们对彼此的印象”，文中提到的是人们用衣服来操纵他们对彼此的印象，该项不符合题干。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者用新闻广播员的例子来说明……”。第三段第一句提到Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.（人们倾向于对特定类型的衣服的含义达成一致），这是该段的中心句，接着后面举了青春期女孩、新闻广播员和大学生的例子来支持这一观点，所以C项“我们倾向于对人的衣着有成见”符合题意；A项“某些衣服能给人更多的自信”只是其中一个例子；B项“衣服与一个人的能力无关”，该段表达的中心意思是合适的衣服会显得一个人有能力的样子，所以该项不正确；D项“有能力的人穿着传统”顺序翻倒，穿着传统的人会令人看起来能干，该项也不正确。因此，该题选择C项正确。

3.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“男士职业装的最佳描述是……”。第四段提到Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess…Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.（在职场中，男性长期以来都有明确的成功先例和榜样……对服饰的选择方面，女性的选择远远多于男性），由此可以推理，男性的职业装应该是模式化，变化少，所以A项“传统”最符合这个描述；B项“个人主义”和C项“过时”不准确；D项“千篇一律”为干扰项，虽然男性的服装变化少，但不代表没变化。因此，该题选择A项正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章，女性可以如何处理她们的职业装？”。第四段第二句指出Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.（商界的许多女性都不确定她们应该通过职业装传达什么样的“男性化”和“女性化”特质），后文举例男性管理者倾向于选择穿着不那么“女性化”的女性担任管理岗位，而一位外表吸引人的女性会获得更长的面试时间但不会获得工作；由此可以判断，女性在职业装方面并没有明确的风格可以去遵循，B项“他们没有明确的着装风格可循”符合题意；A项“他们必须穿着保守”太绝对；C项“他们选择男性或女性的服装”表述不准确；D项“他们不能穿非传统的服装”没有提到。因此，该题选择B项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章最好的标题是什么？”。文章开头讲述的是着装能够给人提供很多的信息，接着就着装的不同影响展开了论述和举例，因此A项“着装和影响”最符合文章的主旨；B项“着装和个性”、C项“适当的打扮”和D项“着装和管理”都比较片面。因此，该题选择A项正确。

16.单选题

Everyoneexperiencesfearduringmajorcrisis—suchasfires,automobileaccidents,etc.Somepeopleevenfeelverynervouswhentheyflyinginairplanes.Nomatterhowhardtheytry,theycannotlowertheiranxiety.Someofthemenjoytalkingabouttheirfearswhileothersresentbeingaskedtodiscusstheiranxietybytellingjokes.Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes,sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sfears—tomasteranxiety.

Anumberoffactorscanbementionedasimportantinexplainingwhypeoplehaveafearofflying:earlychildhoodexperiences,generalsenseofsecurity,fearofheights,trustinothers,percentageofalcoholinblood,etc.Thememoryofabadexperiencecansometimestriggerthesamefearcausedbythatexperience.Thus,achildmightbefrightenedbythesightofadogeventhoughheissafe,merelybecauseheoncehadabadexperiencewithadog.Abadexperiencecanbethecuethattriggersourfears.Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.

Usuallyweareabletosuppressourfeelingssothattheydonotaffectourbehavior.Butsometimesthetensionproducedbyourfearsissogreatthatwecannotsuppressit.Atsuchtimeweneedtodischargethetensionbylaughingorcrying.Bysmilingfoolishlyandtalkingloudly,weareabletorepresstherisingfeelingoffearsothatitdoesnotaffectthewaywebehave.

Becauseitisnecessarytorecognizeaproblembeforeitcanbesolved,admittingthatweareafraidisanintegralpartoftheprocessofmasteringourfears.

1.Tomakesomeonethebuttofjokesmeans（）.

2.Whatisthepositivepurposeofpeople’stellingjokes?

3.Tomasteranxietymeans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactortriggeringthefeelingoffear?

5.Accordingtotheconcludingparagraph,whatisessentialtogothroughtheprocessofmasteringone'sfears?

问题1选项

A.toforcesomeonetoenjoyjokes

B.toentitlesomeonetotelljokes

C.tooffendsomeonebyjokes

D.tomakesomeonebecometheobjectofjokes

问题2选项

A.Todisguisetheiranxiety

B.Toattackothers

C.Tocontrolone’sownfears

D.Toshowone’ssenseofhumor

问题3选项

A.toconquerthefeelingofnervousness

B.toholdbackthefeelingofuneasiness

C.tobefamiliarwithtension

D.tobegoodatthesubjectofanxiety

问题4选项

A.Earlychildhoodexperience.

B.Thegeneralsenseofsecurity.

C.Thefearofheights.

D.Afeelingofnocontrol.

问题5选项

A.Tobeconsciousofthewayofmasteringfears.

B.Toadmitthefeelingoffears.

C.Tocontrolone'sfeelings.

D.Torepresstherisingfeelingoffear.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.语义推断题。根据第一段的倒数二三句“Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.”有些人试图通过讲笑话来掩饰他们的焦虑；另一些人则吵闹和好斗，攻击别人的方法是使人成为被取笑的对象。所以thebuttofjokes指：被人取笑的对象。选项D符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.有时让别人成为笑话的对象是为了控制自己的恐惧——控制焦虑。”由此可知，人们讲笑话的积极目的是为了控制自己的恐惧和焦虑，所以选项C符合原文。

3.判断推理题。根据第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.”可知，控制焦虑意味着要克服紧张不安的感觉，选项A符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第二段最后一句“Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.但关键的因素似乎是一种失控的感觉。”选项D符合原文。

5.判断推理题。根据最后一段的内容可知：在问题得以解决之前，有必要认识它，承认我们害怕是控制恐惧过程中不可分割的一部分。所以选项B符合原文。

17.单选题

ThevenerablemediaformathasbecomeoneofthemostubiquitouswaystopackagecontentontheWeb.

问题1选项

A.unique

B.omnipresent

C.effective

D.predictive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。ubiquitous在句中是“普遍存在的，无处不在的”，A选项unique“独特的”；B选项omnipresent“无处不在的”；C选项effective“有效的”；D选项predictive“预言性的”。句意：庄严的媒体格式已经成为网上承载内容最普遍的方式。根据句意B项正确。

18.单选题

Weare___facedwiththenecessitytorecognizethathavingmorepeopleimpliesalowerstandardofliving.

问题1选项

A.readily

B.smoothly

C.inevitably

D.deliberately

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项readily“容易地；乐意地；无困难地”；B选项smoothly“平稳地；平滑地；顺利地；流畅地；平静地；均匀地”；C选项inevitably“不可避免地；必然地”；D选项deliberately“故意地；缓慢而谨慎地”。句意：我们___要认识到有更多的人就意味着更低的生活水平。本句表达“不可避免地认识到”，因此C选项正确。

19.单选题

AlargenumberofpeoplefrommyhometownhadmovedtoQingdaoinsearchofwork,withtheresultthatIalreadyfeelquiteathomethere.

问题1选项

A.hadmovedto

B.insearchofwork

C.withtheresultthat

D.quiteathome

E.没有问题

【答案】A

【解析】时态错误。hadmovedto改为havemovedto。“Ialreadyfeel我已经感觉”是一般现在时态，因此，前一个表示原因的分句应该用现在完成时态。

20.单选题

Eversinceitsdiscovery,Plutohasneverreallyfittedin.AfterthepaleandglowinggiantNeptune,itislittlemorethanacosmicdustmite,sweptthroughthefarthestreachesofthesolarsystemonaplanewildlytiltedrelativetotherestoftheplanets.ItissmallerthanNeptune'slargestmoon,andthearcofitsorbitissoovalthatitoccasionallycrossesitsmassiveblueneighbor’spath.

Foryears,ithasbeenseenasoursolarsystem'soddestplanet.Yesterday,however,scientistsreleasedperhapsthemostconvincingevidenceyetthatPluto,infact,isnotaplanetatall.Forthefirsttime,astronomershavepeeredintoabeltofrocksbeyondPlutounknownuntil10yearsago—andfoundaworldthatrivalsPlutoinsize.Thescientistspositthatlargerrocksmustbeoutthere,perhapsevenlargerthanPluto,meaningPlutoismorelikelythekingofthisdistantrealmofspacedetritusthanthetiniestofthenineplanets.

Whendiscoveredin1930,’’Plutoatthatpointwastheonlything(thatfar)outthere,sotherewasnothingelsetocallitbutaplanet,"saysMikeBrown,anastronomerattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena.“Nowitjustdoesn'tfit.”Inonesense,thequestionofPluto’splanetarystatusisarcane,theprovinceofpocket-protectedscientistsandsun-deprivedpenpushersdeterminedtodecidesomeofficialdesignationforaballofdustandice3billionmilesaway.

Yetitisalsounquestionablysomethingmore.Fromsciencefairdioramastogovernmentfunding,planetsholdaspecialplaceinthepublicimagination,andhowPlutoiseventuallyseen—bykidsandCongressalike—couldshapewhatfuturegenerationslearnaboutthismysteriousoutpostontheedgeofthesolarsystem.Thedebatehasspilttheastronomicalcommunityfordecades.EvenbeforethedistantbandofrocksknownastheKuiperBeltwasfound,Pluto'sunusualbehaviormadeitsuspicious.

Elsewhere,thesolarsystemfitintonearfamilies:therockyinnerplanets,theasteroidbelt,thehugeandgaseousouterplanets.Pluto,though,waspeculiar.WiththediscoveryoftheKuiperBelt~countlessbitsofrockandiceleftunusedwhenthewheelofthesolarsystemfirstformed—Plutosuddenlyseemedtohavecousins.Yetuntilyesterday,itheldtoitsplanetarydistinctionbecauseitwasfarlargerthananythinglocatedthere.

TherubnowisQuaoar(pronouncedKWAH-oar),1billionmilesbeyo