考研考博-英语-北京大学考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

“Whichcoatdidyourhusbandbuy?”“Theblackone,butI（）thegreenone.”

问题1选项

A.wouldratherhavebought

B.wouldratherbuy

C.wouldhaveratherbought

D.ratherhadbought

【答案】A

【解析】句意:“你的丈夫买了哪一件外套？”“黑色的那件外套，但我宁愿买绿色的那件。”

语法题。考查虚拟语气。这里表示对过去已发生事情的假设,所以表示对过去的虚拟:wouldratherhave+done。故选A。

2.单选题

Undertheguidanceoftheirteacher,thepupilsarebuildingamodelboat（）bysteam.

问题1选项

A.towed

B.pressed

C.tossed

D.propelled

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项towed“拖，拉”；B选项pressed“按，压”；C选项tossed“抛，扬起”；D选项propelled“推进，推动”。句意：在老师的指导下，学生们正在制作一艘由蒸汽推动的模型船。本句表示推进船的动力，因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

Causeandeffectrelationshipsareoftenexpressedwithoutanyovertmarkers.

问题1选项

A.masked

B.evident

C.circular

D.inoperable

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。overt表示“明显的，外显的”；A项masked“戴面具的，潜伏的”，B项evident“明显的，明白的”，C项circular“循环的，圆形的”，D项inoperable“不实用的”。句意：因果关系的表达往往没有任何明显的标记。因此B项正确。

4.单选题

Asateenager,Iwas（）byablindpassionforaslimstarIwouldnevermeetinmylife.

问题1选项

A.pursued

B.seduced

C.consumed

D.guaranteed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。pursue“追求”；seduce“引诱”；consume“消费；使……着迷”；guarantee“担保”。句意：作为一个年轻人，我痴迷于这位在生命中从未见过的苗条的明星。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Although,recentyearshaveseensubstantialreductionsinnoxiouspollutantsfromindividualmotorvehicles,thenumberofsuchvehicleshasbeensteadilyincreasing.Consequently,morethan100citiesintheUnitedStatesstillhavelevelsofcarbonmonoxide,particulatematter,andozone(generatedbyphotochemical,reactionswithhydrocarbonsfromvehicleexhaust)thatexceedlegallyestablishedlimits.Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissions—shortofamassiveshiftawayfromtheprivateautomobile—istoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleanerburningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgasliquefiedpetroleumgas,ethanol,ormethanol.

Allofthesealternativesarecarbon-basedfuelswhosemoleculesaresmallerandsimplerthanthoseofgasoline.Thesemoleculesbummorecleanlythangasoline,inpartbecausetheyhavefewer,ifany,carbon-carbonbonds,andthehydrocarbonstheydoemitarelesslikelytogenerateozone.Thecombustionoflargemolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbonds,involvesamorecomplexseriesofreactions.Thesereactionsincreasetheprobabilityofincompletecombustionandaremorelikelytoreleaseuncombustedandphotochemicallyactivehydrocarboncompoundsintotheatmosphere.Ontheotherhand,alternativefuelsdohavedrawbacks.Compressednaturalgaswouldrequirethatvehicleshaveasetofheavyfueltanks—aseriousliabilityintermsofperformanceandfuelefficiencyandliquefiedpetroleumgasfacesfundamentallimitsonsupply.

Ethanolandmethanol,ontheotherhand,haveimportantadvantagesoverothercarbon-basedalternativefuels;theyhavehitherenergycontentpervolumeandwouldrequireminimalchangesintheexistingnetworkfordistributingmotorfuel.Ethanoliscommonlyusedasagasolinesupplement,butitiscurrentlyabouttwiceasexpensiveasmethanol,thelowcostofwhichisoneofitsattractivefeatures.Methanol'smostattractivefeature,however,isthatitcanreducebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatformozone,themostseriousurbanairpollutant.

Likeanyalternativefuel,methanolhasitscritics.Yetmuchofthecriticismisbasedontheuseof"gasolineclone”vehiclesthatdonotincorporateeventhesimplestdesignimprovementsthataremadepossiblewiththeuseofmethanol.Itistrue,forexample,thatagivenvolumeofmethanolprovidesonlyaboutone-halfoftheenergythatgasolineanddieselfueldo;otherthingsbeingequal,thefueltankwouldhavetobesomewhatlargerandheavier.However,sincemethanol-fueledvehiclescouldbedesignedtobemuchmoreefficientthan"gasolineclone"vehiclesfueledwithmethanol,theywouldneedcomparativelylessfuel.VehiclesincorporatingonlythesimplestoftheEngineimprovementsthatmethanolmakesfeasiblewouldstillcontributetoanimmediatelesseningofurbanairpollution.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith

（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,incompletecombustionismorelikelytooccurwithgasolinethanwithanalternativefuelbecause:（

）.

3.ThepassagesuggestswhichoftheFollowingaboutairpollution?

4.Theauthordescribeswhichofthefollowingasthemostappealingfeatureofmethanol?

5.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagemostlikelyregardsthecriticismofmethanolinthelastparagraphas（

）.

问题1选项

A.counteringaflawedargumentthatdismissesapossiblesolutiontoaproblem

B.reconcilingcontradictorypointsofviewaboutthenatureofaproblem

C.identifyingthestrengthsofpossiblesolutionstoaproblem

D.discussingaproblemandarguinginfavorofonesolutiontoit

问题2选项

A.thecombustionofgasolinereleasesphotochemicallyactivehydrocarbons.

B.thecombustionofgasolineinvolvesanintricateseriesofreactions.

C.gasolinemoleculeshaveasimplemolecularstructure.

D.gasolineiscomposedofsmallmolecules.

问题3选项

A.Furtherattemptstoreduceemissionsfromgasoline-fueledvehicleswillnothelplowerurbanair-pollutionlevels.

B.Attemptstoreducethepollutionsthatanindividualgasoline-fueledvehicleemitshavebeenlargelyunsuccessful.

C.Fewseriousattemptshavebeenmadetoreducetheamountofpollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehicles.

D.Pollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehiclesarenotthemostcriticalsourceofurbanairpollution.

问题4选项

A.Itissubstantiallylessexpensivethanethanol.

B.Itcouldbeprovidedtoconsumersthroughtheexistingmotorfueldistributionsystem

C.Ithasahigherenergycontentthanotheralternativefuels.

D.Itsusewouldsubstantiallyreduceozonelevels.

问题5选项

A.flawedbecauseoftheassumptionsonwhichitisbased

B.inapplicablebecauseofaninconsistencyinthecritics’arguments

C.misguidedbecauseofitsexclusivelytechnologicalfocus

D.invalidbecauseitreflectsthepersonalbiasofthecritics

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissions—shortofamassiveshiftawayfromtheprivateautomobile—istoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleanerburningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgasliquefiedpetroleumgas,ethanol,ormethanol是本文的主旨句，提出如何来减少机动车尾气排放。所以选项C符合题意。

2.文章第二段第三句Thecombustionoflargemolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbonds,involvesamorecomplexseriesofreactions提到大分子的燃烧有着更复杂的反映，选项B符合题意。

3.题干中出现了airpollution,因此可以将重点放在第一段。第一段主要提及了尽管污染减少，但还是需要有效的方法来改善环境。第一段最后一句话可以推出选项A符合题意。

4.文章第三段最后一句Methanol'smostattractivefeature,however,isthatitcanreducebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatformozone,themostseriousurbanairpollutant.提到甲醇最吸引人的特点就是会大幅度减少臭氧水平。选项D符合题意。

5.根据文章第四段第二句Yetmuchofthecriticismisbasedontheuseof"gasolineclone”vehiclesthatdonotincorporateeventhesimplestdesignimprovementsthataremadepossiblewiththeuseofmethanol可知选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

Proteinsynthesisbeginswhenthegeneencodingaproteinisactivated.Thegene’ssequenceofnucleotidesistranscribedintoamoleculeofmessengerRNA(mRNA),whichreproducestheinformationcontainedinthatsequence.Transportedoutsidethenucleustothecytoplasm,themRNAistranslatedintotheproteinitencodesbyanorganelleknownasaribosome,whichstringstogetheraminoacidsintheorderspecifiedbythesequenceofelementsinthemRNAmolecule.SincetheamountofmRNAinacelldeterminestheamountofthecorrespondingprotein,factorsaffectingtheabundanceofmRNA’splayamajorpartinthenormalfunctioningofacellbyappropriatelyregulatingproteinsynthesis.Forexample,anexcessofcertainproteinscancausecellstoproliferateabnormallyandbecomecancerous;alackoftheproteininsulinresultsindiabetes.

BiologistsonceassumedthatthevariableratesatwhichcellssynthesizedifferentmRNA’sdeterminesthequantitiesofmRNA’sandtheircorrespondingproteinsinacell.However,recentinvestigationshaveshownthattheconcentrationsofmostmRNA’scorrelatebest,notwiththeirsynthesisrate,butratherwiththeequallyvariableratesatwhichcellsdegradethedifferentmRNA’sintheircytoplasm.IfacelldegradesbotharapidlyandaslowlysynthesizedmRNAslowly,bothmRNA’swillaccumulatetohighlevels.

Animportantexampleofthisphenomenonisthedevelopmentofredbloodcellsfromtheirunspecializedparentcellsinbonemarrow.Forredbloodcellstoaccumulatesufficientconcentrationsofhemoglobin(whichtransportsoxygen)tocarryouttheirmainfunction,thecells’parentcellsmustsimultaneouslyproducemoreoftheconstituentproteinsofhemoglobinandlessofmostotherproteins.Todothis,theparentcellshaltsynthesisofnon-hemoglobinmRNA’sinthenucleusandrapidlydegradecopiesofthenon-hemoglobinmRNA’sremaininginthecytoplasm.HaltingsynthesisofmRNAalonewouldnotaffectthequantitiesofproteinssynthesizedbythemRNA’sstillexistinginthecytoplasm.BiologistsnowbelievethatmostcellscanregulateproteinproductionmostefficientlybyvaryingbothmRNAsynthesisanddegradation,asdevelopingredcellsdo,ratherthanbyjustvaryingoneortheother.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussingthe________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanhappenwhen,proteinisnotappropriatelyregulated?

3.Theaccumulationofconcentrationsofhemoglobininredbloodcellsismentionedinthepassageasanexampleofwhichofthefollowing?

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenthesecondandthirdparagraphsofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.influenceofmRNAconcentrationsonthedevelopmentofredbloodcells

B.roleofthesynthesisanddegradationofmRNAincellfunctioning

C.mechanismbywhichgenesaretranscribedintomRNA

D.differencesinmRNAconcentrationsincellnucleiandinthecytoplasm

问题2选项

A.DiabetescanresultfromerrorsthatoccurwhentheribosomestranslatemRNAintoprotein.

B.Adeficiencyofredbloodcellscanoccurifbonemarrowcellsproducetoomuchmechanism.

C.Cancercanresultfromanexcessofcertainproteinsanddiabetescanresultfromaninsulindeficiency.

D.ExcessivesynthesisofoneproteincantriggerincreaseddegradationofmRNA’sforotherproteinsandcreatesevereproteinimbalances.

问题3选项

A.TheeffectivenessofsimultaneousvariationoftheratesofsynthesisanddegradationofmRNA

B.Theroleoftheribosomeinenablingaparentcelltodevelopproperlyintoamorespecializedform.

C.Theimportanceofactivatingthegenesforparticularproteinsatthecorrectmoment.

D.ThekindofevidenceforsupportofaviewofmRNAsynthesisthatisnowconsideredobsolete.

问题4选项

A.Thesecondparagraphpresentsargumentsinsupportofanewtheoryandthethirdparagraphpresentsargumentsagainstthattheory.

B.Thesecondparagraphdescribesatraditionalviewandthethirdparagraphdescribestheviewthathasreplaceditonthebasisofrecentinvestigations.

C.Thethirdparagraphdescribesaninvestigationthatwasundertakentoresolveproblemsdescribedinthesecondparagraph.

D.Thethirdparagraphdescribesaspecificcaseofaphenomenonthatisdescribedgenerallyinthesecondparagraph.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussingthe________.本文主要讨论了________。

A.influenceofmRNAconcentrationsonthedevelopmentofredbloodcellsA.信使核糖核苷酸浓度对红细胞发育的影响

B.roleofthesynthesisanddegradationofmRNAincellfunctioningB.信使核糖核苷酸的合成和降解在细胞功能中的作用

C.mechanismbywhichgenesaretranscribedintomRNAC.基因被转换成信使核糖核苷酸的机制

D.differencesinmRNAconcentrationsincellnucleiandinthecytoplasmD.细胞核和细胞质中信使核糖核苷酸浓度的差异

【答案】B

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】文章在第一段在第一句“当编码蛋白质的基因被激活时，蛋白质合成就开始了（Proteinsynthesisbegins）。”引出话题，然后讲述信使核糖核苷酸的合成；第二段讲述信使核糖核苷酸的降解，在第二段最后一句总结“如果一个细胞同时降解（degrades）快速合成和缓慢合成的信使核糖核酸，这两种信使核糖核酸的浓度都会累积到很高的水平。”；第三段在最后一句总结“大多数细胞可以通过改变信使核糖核酸的合成和降解来最有效地调节蛋白质的产生（regulateproteinproductionmostefficiently）”，点出信使核糖核酸的合成和降解对细胞的作用。综上所述，本文分别讲述了信使核糖核酸的合成和降解及其在细胞中的作用，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“信使核糖核苷酸浓度对红细胞发育的影响”：这是第三段的内容，不能概括全文，属于以偏概全；

C选项“基因被转换成信使核糖核苷酸的机制”：这是第一段的内容，不能概括全文，属于以偏概全；

D选项“细胞核和细胞质中信使核糖核苷酸浓度的差异”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。

第2题:【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanhappenwhen,proteinisnotappropriatelyregulated?根据这篇文章，当蛋白质没有得到适当的调节时，会发生下列哪一种情况？

A.DiabetescanresultfromerrorsthatoccurwhentheribosomestranslatemRNAintoprotein.A.糖尿病可能是由于核糖体将信使核糖核酸转换成蛋白质时发生的错误。

B.Adeficiencyofredbloodcellscanoccurifbonemarrowcellsproducetoomuchmechanism.B.如果骨髓细胞产生过多的机制，就会出现红细胞不足。

C.Cancercanresultfromanexcessofcertainproteinsanddiabetescanresultfromaninsulindeficiency.C.某些蛋白质过量可能导致癌症，胰岛素缺乏可能导致糖尿病。

D.ExcessivesynthesisofoneproteincantriggerincreaseddegradationofmRNA’sforotherproteinsandcreatesevereproteinimbalances.D.过量合成一种蛋白质会引发其他蛋白质信使核糖核酸的降解，并造成严重的蛋白质失衡。

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词appropriatelyregulated定位到第一段倒数二句，该处讲到“因子通过适当地调节蛋白质的合成（byappropriatelyregulatingproteinsynthesis），在细胞的正常功能中起着重要作用。”，结合该段最后一句“例如（Forexample），某些蛋白质过量（excessofcertainproteins）会导致细胞异常增殖并癌变（cancerous），缺乏胰岛素蛋白（alackoftheproteininsulin）会导致糖尿病（diabetes）。”，可知蛋白质没有得到适当的调整，其结果是某些蛋白质过量可能导致癌症，胰岛素缺乏可能导致糖尿病，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“糖尿病可能是由于核糖体将信使核糖核酸转换成蛋白质时发生了错误”：糖尿病的病因不是这个，属于无中生有；

B选项“如果骨髓细胞产生过多的机制，就会出现红细胞不足”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有；

D选项“过量合成一种蛋白质会引发其他蛋白质信使核糖核酸的降解，并造成严重的蛋白质失衡”：文中没有提到过量合成一种蛋白质会引发其他蛋白质信使核糖核酸的降解，属于无中生有。

第3题:【选项释义】

Theaccumulationofconcentrationsofhemoglobininredbloodcellsismentionedinthepassageasanexampleofwhichofthefollowing?红细胞中血红蛋白浓度的积累是作为下列哪一选项的例子？

A.TheeffectivenessofsimultaneousvariationoftheratesofsynthesisanddegradationofmRNA.A.信使核糖核酸合成和降解同时转换的速率有效性。

B.Theroleoftheribosomeinenablingaparentcelltodevelopproperlyintoamorespecializedform.B.核糖体在使母细胞发育成更特殊形式中的作用。

C.Theimportanceofactivatingthegenesforparticularproteinsatthecorrectmoment.C.在正确时刻激活特定蛋白质基因的重要性。

D.ThekindofevidenceforsupportofaviewofmRNAsynthesisthatisnowconsideredobsolete.D.现在已经淘汰的信使核糖核酸合成观点的证据。

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词concentrationsofhemoglobin定位到第三段第二句，该处讲到“为了使红细胞积累足够浓度的血红蛋白（Forredbloodcellstoaccumulatesufficientconcentrationsofhemoglobin）”，该段第一句“这一现象（thisphenomenon）的重要例子（example）是……”起承上启下的作用，这里的example指的是题干中的例子，phenomenon指的是第二段最后两句“大多数信使核糖核酸的浓度与细胞降解细胞质中不同信使核糖核酸的相同转换速率（equallyvariablerates）最为相关。如果一个细胞同时降解快速合成和缓慢合成的信使核糖核酸（degradesbotharapidlyandaslowlysynthesizedmRNA），这两种信使核糖核酸的浓度都会累积到很高的水平。”，可知举例是为了说明信使核糖核酸可以同时进行合成和降解的转换，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“核糖体在使母细胞发育成更特殊形式中的作用”：文中没有提到母细胞发育成更特殊形式，属于无中生有；

C选项“在正确时刻激活特定蛋白质基因的重要性”：文中没有提到应该在什么时候激活特定蛋白质基因，属于无中生有；

D选项“现在已经淘汰的信使核糖核酸合成观点的证据”：这个例子不是为了证明已经淘汰的信使核糖核酸合成观点，而是证明属于最新研究的观点，属于张冠李戴。

第4题:【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenthesecondandthirdparagraphsofthepassage?下面哪个选项最恰当地描述了文章第二段和第三段之间的关系？

A.Thesecondparagraphpresentsargumentsinsupportofanewtheoryandthethirdparagraphpresentsargumentsagainstthattheory.A.第二段提出支持一个新理论的论点，第三段提出反对那个理论的论点。

B.Thesecondparagraphdescribesatraditionalviewandthethirdparagraphdescribestheviewthathasreplaceditonthebasisofrecentinvestigations.B.第二段描述了传统的观点，第三段描述了根据最近的调查而取代它的观点。

C.Thethirdparagraphdescribesaninvestigationthatwasundertakentoresolveproblemsdescribedinthesecondparagraph.C.第三段叙述了为解决第二段所述问题而进行的研究。

D.Thethirdparagraphdescribesaspecificcaseofaphenomenonthatisdescribedgenerallyinthesecondparagraph.D.第三段列举第二段大致描述的现象的具体例子。

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中出处提示词secondandthirdparagraphs定位到第三段第一句，该处讲到“这一现象的重要例子是（Animportantexampleofthisphenomenon）红细胞从非特化骨髓母细胞发育而来。”，而thisphenomenon指的是第二段最后两句“最近的研究表明……”，可知第三段是第二段观点的例子，对其进行佐证，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“第二段提出支持某个新理论的论点，第三段提出反对那个理论的论点”：对应第二段第一句“生物学家曾经假定（onceassumed）……”以及该段第二句“然而（However），最近的研究（recentinvestigations）表明……”，第二段已经提出了两个论点，第三段举例论证，属于偷换概念；

B选项“第二段描述了传统的观点，第三段描述了根据最近的调查而取代它的观点”：这两种观点都是第二段的内容，本选项只讲到第二段的内容，属于以偏概全；

C选项“第三段叙述了为解决第二段所述问题而进行的研究”：第三段不是在讲述研究人员进行的科学研究，而是通过阐述事实举例子，属于偷换概念。

7.写作题

Youarerequiredtowriteabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic“TheBadAspectofOnlineShopping”.

【答案】TheBadAspectofOnlineShopping8.单选题

Clothesplayacriticalpartintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywouldliketobe.Theytellusagooddealaboutthewearersbackground,personalityandsocialoutlook.

Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,wecanusethemtomanipulatepeoples’impressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.Anelderlymiddle-classmanorwomanmaybealienatedbyayoungadultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmanner,regardlessoftheperson'seducation,background,orinterests.

Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.Adolescentgirlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestyleofgirlswhowearcertainoutfits,includingthenumberofboyfriendstheylikelyhavehadandwhethertheysmokeordrink.Newscasters,ortheannouncerswhoreadthenewsonTV,areconsideredtobemoreconvincing,honest,andcompetentwhentheyaredressedconservatively.Andcollegestudentswhoviewthemselvesastakinganactiveroleintheirinterpersonalrelationshipssaytheyareconcernedaboutthecostumestheymustweartoplaytheserolessuccessfully.Moreover,manyofuscanrelateinstancesinwhichtheclothingweworechangethewaywefeltaboutourselvesandhowweacted.Perhapsyouhaveusedclothingtogainconfidencewhenyouanticipatedastressfulsituation,suchasajobintervieworacourtappearance.

Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess.Ithasbeenotherwiseforwomen.Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.Maleadministratorstendtojudgewomenmorefavorablyformanagerialpositionswhenthewomendisplayless“feminine”grooming—shorterhair,moderateuseofmake-up,andplaintailoredclothing.Asonemaleadministratorconfessed,“Anattractivewomanisdefinitelygoingtogetalongerinterview,butshewon’tgetajob.”

1.Theauthorbelievesthatwecanuseclothesto（）.

2.Thephrase“agreeon”(Line1,Para.3)canbestbereplacedby“（）”.

3.Itiscommonlyagreedthat（）.

4.Bysayingthat“ithasbeenotherwiseforwomen”,theauthormeansthat（）.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,maleadministratorstendtohireawoman（）.

问题1选项

A.leadotherstobelievewearewhoweappeartobe

B.makeacorrectjudgmentonpeople’spersonalities

C.improveoursocialstatus

D.influencepeople’smood

问题2选项

A.singhighpraiseof

B.beinfluencedby

C.beunanimousin

D.followtheexampleof

问题3选项

A.newscastersshouldbeconservative

B.collegestudentsplayanactiveroleininterpersonalrelationships

C.clothesenablespeopletobeconfident

D.jobinterviewsandcourtappearancesarestressfulsituations

问题4选项

A.womencouldn'tachievesuccessaseasilyasmen

B.womendon’thaveawell-defineddresscode

C.womenhavetomerge“masculine"attributesintoclothing

D.womenenjoymorefreedominthechoiceofclothing

问题5选项

A.withoutfeminineattributes

B.withamasculineappearance

C.withsomemasculineattributes

D.attractiveandfemininely-dressed

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。根据第二段的首句“Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,wecanusethemtomanipulatepeoplesimpressionofus.由于衣服是社会信息的重要来源，我们可以利用它来改变人们对我们的印象。”，也就是说，可以让别人相信我们就是我们所看起来的这个样子。选项A符合原文。选项B“对人们的个性做出准确的判断”不正确，因为衣服只是提供线索，不一定判断就是准确的；选项C“提高社会地位”和选项D“影响人们心情”都是改变人们对我们的印象，让别人相信我们就是我们所看起来的这个样子。所以选项A正确。

第2题:2.语义题。这个词组在原文中所在句的意思是“人们往往会某些衣服类型的含义”，“agreeon”本意表示“同意”，再根据下文的举例，“青春期的女孩很容易那些穿某种服装的女孩的生活方式，包括她们可能有多少男朋友，她们是否抽烟或喝酒”。两处“agreeon”表达的是同样的意思，所以这里是指“形成相同的看法”。所以选项C符合原文。

第3题:3.细节事实题。根据第三段的第三句“新闻播音员，或者是那些在电视上读新闻的播音员，当他们穿着保守的时候会被认为更有说服力，更诚实，更有能力”，原文并没有说新闻播音员应该保守，所以选项A曲解了原文意思，不正确；再根据下一句“那些认为自己在人际关系中扮演积极角色的大学生说，他们关心的是成功扮演这些角色所必须穿的服装”，并不能说明大学生在人际关系中起着积极的作用，所以选项B也不正确；根据第三段的最后一句“当你预期会有压力的时候，比如面试或出庭，或许你会用衣服来获得自信”，选项C“衣服使人自信”，这里的clothing并不是指任何的clothing，而是指特定的某种clothing，所以选项C所指过泛；选项D“工作面试和出庭都是压力很大的情形”符合原文。所以本题答案为选项D。

第4题:4.判断推理题。根据最后一段第一句“Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess.”可知，在工作场所，男性长期以来都有明确定义的成功的先例和榜样。对于女性来说情况则完全不同，说明男性有明确的穿衣模式，女性没有。后文又讲到商业中的女性不知道该如何选择合适的着装，由此可知选项B“女性没有定义好的穿衣模式”符合原文。

第5题:5.判断推理题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Maleadministratorstendtojudgewomenmorefavorablyformanagerialpositionswhenthewomendisplayless‘feminine’grooming—shorterhair,moderateuseofmake-up,andplaintailoredclothing.”可知，男性管理者倾向于选择那些女性特质少的人任职管理岗位，也就是打扮得不那么具有“女人味”，要带有一些男性特质，比如短发、适度化妆、穿着简单的定制套装。所以选项C正确。

9.单选题

TheyweretheBoyScouts（）tohelpelderlypeoplecrossthestreet.

问题1选项

A.whosewasthetask

B.towhomitwasthetask

C.itwaswhosetask

D.whosetaskitwas

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句辨析。结合选项与题干可知本题考查的是定语从句。句意：他们是童子军……帮助老人过马路。定语从句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式部分，故答案为C项。

10.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

1.Theideawasapowerfulvariableinexplainingwhysomecountriesfaredfarbetterthanothers:topromoteincomegrowthovermanyyears,heavyinvestmentinschoolingwasnecessary.Andithelpedexplaintheshrinkageoffamiliesinwealthycountries:ifincreasingvalueisplacedonhumancapital,parentsmustinvestmoreineachchild,makinglargefamiliescostly.ManycriticsbristledatBecker’smarket-drivenlogic,whichseemedtoreducepeopletocold,calculatingmachine.

2.Whichisit?Thehomeoffreespeech,theruleoflawandtherichworld’smostdynamiceconomy?Oralandofsocialdecay,septicpoliticsandtherichworld’sworstroadsandschools?Americadividesforeignobserves.Itdividesforeignfirms,too.Somebossesfallheadoverheelsforitsinsatiableconsumersanddazzlingtechnology.Otherexecutivesareputoffbyitsinsufferablelawyersandhypocriticalprotectionism.DonaldTrumppromisestogiveforeignfirmsarudeawakeningwhenhereachestheWhiteHouse:lastmonthhebeatupToyotaformakingcarsinMexicoandsellingthemnorthoftheborder.ButintruthmanyforeignfirmsfelloutoflovewithAmericayearsago.

【答案】1.在解释为何一些国家比其他国家过得好得多时，这个观点是一个强有力的变量：对教育进行大量的投资是有必要的，为了促进多年来的收入增长。而且该观点也有助于解释富裕国家里的家庭规模缩小的原因：如果人力资本的价值不断増加，那么父母就必须要为在每个孩子身上投入更多，而这会使得大家庭的成本更大。许多批评者对贝克尔的市场驱动逻辑感到愤怒，该逻辑似乎让人变得冷漠、精于计算。

2.美国属于哪一种呢？是言论自由、法治之地、富裕世界中最具活力的经济体？还是社会堕落、政治腐败、道路和学校状况都是发达国家中最糟糕的国家？外国观察家对美国的情况看法不一。外国公司也同样如此。一些老板为其无法满足的消费者和眼花缭乱的技术而神魂颠倒。其他高管则对其令人难以忍受的律师和虚伪的保护主义而感到厌恶。唐纳德•特朗普承诺当他入主白宫后，会让外国公司如梦初醒：上个月，他严厉谴责了丰田在墨西哥生产汽车并向美国北部销售的行为。但事实上，许多外国公司在多年前就失去了对美国的兴趣了。

11.单选题

Manyreportedthatthegeneralmilitarymessagetheyreceivedwasthat,asnurses,theywereex-pectedtobe（）strong.

问题1选项

A.empirically

B.eminently

C.emulously

D.emotionally

【答案】D

【解析】副词辨析。句意：许多人声称，他们收到的一般军事信息是，作为护士，他们应该在坚强。empirically凭经验地，经验为主地；eminently突出地，显著地；emulously好胜地，

竞争性地；emotionally感情上，心理上。因此，D项符合句意。

12.单选题

The（）emphasisonexaminationsisbyfartheworstformofcompetitioninschools.

问题1选项

A.negligent

B.edible

C.fabulous

D.disproportionate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“疏忽的，粗心大意的”；B选项“可食用的”；C选项“惊人的，大量的”；D选项“不成比例的，太多的”，句意：（）强调考试是目前学校中最糟糕的竞争形式。而本题空格处讲的应该是过多地强调考试，因此D选项符合题意。

13.单选题

I’d（）hisreputationwithotherfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.

问题1选项

A.takeintoaccount

B.accountfor

C.makeupfor

D.makeout

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项takeintoaccount“考虑、顾及”；B选项accountfor“说明、解释”；C选项makeupfor“补偿、填补”；D选项makeout“理解、辨认”，句意为：我想知道他在当地其他农民和商人中的声望，然后决定是否批准贷款。D选项符合句意，因此选D。

14.单选题

OnFebruary10,theworldofpsychiatrywillbeasked,metaphorically,tolieonthecouchandanswerquestionsaboutthestateitthinksitisin.ForthatisthedaytheAmericanPsychiatricAssociation(APA)planstoreleaseadraftofthefifthversionofitsDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders(DSM-V).Mentalillnesscarryingsuchstigma(污名)asitdoes,andthebrainbeingaslittle-understoodasitis,revisingtheDSMisalwaysacontroversialundertaking.Thistime,however,someofthequestionsaskedoftheprocessarelikelytobeparticularlyprobing.

TheDSM,thefirstversionofwhichwaspublishedin1952,listsrecognizedpsychologicaldisordersandthesymptomsusedtodiagnosethem.IntheUnitedStates,whatisinitinfluenceswhethersomeonewillbediagnosedwithanillnessatall,howhewillbetreatedifheissodiagnosed,andwhetherhisinsurancecompanywillpayforthattreatment.ResearchersinothercountriesgenerallydefertotheDSM,too,makingthemanual’sdefinitionsalinguafrancaforthescienceofmedicalpsychology.And,perhapsmostprofoundly,theDSMinfluenceshowmentalillnessisunderstoodbysocietyatlarge.

AnewDSM,then,isanimportantdocument.TheAPAhasbeenworkingonthelatestrevisionsince1999,andwillnotreleasethefinalversionuntilMay2013.Butsomepeoplearealreadyaccusingitofexcessivesecrecyandbeingtooambitiousaboutthechangesitproposes.Thosecriticswillbepickingoverthedraftnextweektoseeiftheirfearshavebeenrealized.

TheoriginalDSMreflectedthe“psychodynamic”viewofmentalillness,inwhichproblemswerethoughttoresultfromaninterplaybetweenpersonalityandlifehistory.(ThinkFreud,Jungandlonghoursrecountingyourchildhoodanddreams.)Thethirdversion,whichwaspublishedin1980,tookamoremedicalapproach.Mentalillnesseswereseenasdistinctandclassifiable,likephysicaldiseases.DSM-IIIcamewithchecklistsofsymptomsthatallowedstraightforward,unambiguousdiagnosis.Psychiatrybegantoseemlesslikeanartformandmorelikeascience.

DSM-IIIalsointroducedmanymorediagnosesthanhadappearedbefore.Theseincludedattention-deficitdisorder,post-traumaticstressdisorderandsocialphobia.Infact,thenumberofspecificdiagnosesmorethandoubledbetweenDSM-1andDSM-III,from106to265.DSM-IV,publishedin1994,increasedthenumbe