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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兰州理工大学技术工程学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题
Hemighthavebeenkilled(
)thearrivalofthepolice.
问题1选项
A.exceptfor
B.butfor
C.with
D.for
【答案】B
【解析】考查词组辨析。butfor“要不是,如果没有”;exceptfor“除了…以外”。句意:要不是警察来了,他可能已经被杀了。mighthavebeenkilled是对过去的推测,故B项正确。
2.单选题
Tomakeiteasiertoreturnanypurchases,savetheoriginalpackaging,especiallyforelectronicandhousehold().
问题1选项
A.instruments
B.facilities
C.appliances
D.equipment
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。instrument“工具,乐器”;facility“设施,设备”;appliance“器具,装置”;equipment“设备,装备”。句意:为了退货方便,需要保留原来的包装,尤其是电子产品和家用电器。选项C符合题意。
3.单选题
His(
)directionsconfusedus;wedidnotknowwhichofthetworoadstotake.
问题1选项
A.ambiguous
B.complicated
C.arbitrary
D.intricate
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。ambiguous“模糊不清的”;complicated“复杂的”;arbitrary“任意的,武断的,专制的”;intricate“复杂的,错综的”。他模糊不清的指导使我们困惑,我们不知道该走哪条路。选项A符合题意。
4.单选题
Whenyouarecamping,therearemanyinconveniencesthathavetobe().
问题1选项
A.putupwith
B.caughtupwith
C.comeupwith
D.keptupwith
【答案】A
【解析】考查词组辨析。putupwith“忍受,容忍”;caughtupwith“给…迷住,入迷”;comeupwith“提出,想出,赶上”;keptupwith“赶得上,和…保持联系”。句意:当你露营时,你不得不忍受许多不便。A项符合题意。
5.单选题
IV.(CriminalLaw)
Theacrimoniousdebateovercapitalpunishmenthascontinuedforcenturies.Inrecentdecades,thedebatehasheatedupintheU.S.followingtheSupremeCourt-imposedmoratoriumoncapitalpunishment.Currently,severalstatesareconsideringachangeintheirpoliciesregardingthestatusofthedeathpenalty.Nebraska’slegislature,forexample,recentlypassedatwo-yearmoratoriumonexecutions,whichwas,however,vetoedbythestate’sgovernor.Tenotherstateshaveatleastconsideredamoratoriumlastyear.ThegroupincludesOklahomawhoselegislaturewillsoonconsiderabillimposingatwo-yearmoratoriumonexecutionsandestablishingataskforcetoresearchtheeffectivenessofcapitalpunishment.ThelegislatureinNebraskaandIllinoishasalsocalledforsimilarresearch.InMassachusetts,however,theHouseofRepresentativesvoteddownabillsupportedbythegovernortoreinstatethedeathpenalty.
Animportantissueinthisdebateiswhethercapitalpunishmentdetersmurders.Psychologistsandcriminologistswhoexaminedtheissueinitiallyreportednodeterrenteffect.EconomistsjoinedthedebatewiththepioneeringworkofEhrlich.Ehrlich’sregressionresults,usingU.S.aggregatetime-seriesfor1933-1969andstatelevelcross-sectionaldatafor1940and1950,suggestasignificantdeterrenteffect,whichsharplycontrastswithearlierfindings.ThepolicyimportanceoftheresearchinthisareaisborneoutbytheconsiderablepublicattentionthatEhrlich’sworkhasreceived.TheSolicitorGeneraloftheUnitedStates,forexample,introducedEhrlich’sfindingstotheSupremeCourt,insupportofcapitalpunishment.
CoincidingwiththeSupremeCourt’sdeliberation,ontheissue,Ehrlich’sfindinginspiredaninterestineconometricanalysisofdeterrence,leadingtomanystudiesthatusehisdatabutdifferentregressionspecifications—differentregressorsordifferentchoiceofendogenousvs.exogenousvariables.ThemixedfindingspromptedaseriesofsensitivityanalysesonEhrlich’sequations,reflectingafurtheremphasisonspecification.
Dataissues,ontheotherhand,havereceivedfarlessattention.Mostoftheexistingstudiesuseeithertime-seriesorcross-sectiondata.Thestudiesthatusenationaltime-seriesdataareaffectedbyanaggregationproblem.Anydeterrencefromanexecutionshouldaffectthecrimerateonlyintheexecutingstate.Aggregationdilutessuchdistincteffects.Crosssectionalstudiesarelesssensitivetothisproblem,buttheirstaticformulationprecludesanyconsiderationofthedynamicsofcrime,lawenforcement,andjudicialprocesses.Moreover,crosssectionalstudiesareaffectedbyunobservedheterogeneitywhichcannotbecontrolledforintheabsenceoftimevariation.
HashemDezhbakhshandPaulH.Rubin:“DoesCapitalPunishmentHaveaDeterrentEffect?”
63.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthatintheUS___.
64.Whichofthefollowinggroupofpeoplethoughtthatcapitalpunishmenthadnodeterrenteffect?
65.Accordingtothe3rdparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
66.Inthe4thparagraph,theauthorthinksthat___.
问题1选项
A.theexecutivebranchisinoppositeopinionwiththelegislatureatthestatelevelregardingdeathpenalty
B.severalstatesareconsideringreinstatethedeathpenalty
C.Oklahomadecidedtosuspenddeathpenaltyfortwoyears
D.somestates’legislaturehasalsocalledforresearchoncancellationofcapitalsentence
问题2选项
A.Economistsandcriminologists
B.Psychologistsandcriminologists
C.Psychologistsandeconomists
D.EconomistsandEhrlich
问题3选项
A.Ehrlich’sfindingcausedotherstoanalyzethedeterrenceeffectofdeathpenalty.
B.ManypeopleusedEhrlich’sdataintheiranalysisbutinadifferentway.
C.Thefindingofothers’researchwassimilar.
D.Ehrlichprovidedanequationinhisanalysis.
问题4选项
A.crosssectionalstudiesaremoresensitivetoaggregation
B.time-seriesdataarenotinfluencedbyaggregation
C.unobservedheterogeneitycannotbecontrolledforintheabsenceoftimevariation
D.dataissuehadnotbeenpaidenoughattentionasitshouldbe
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:D
【解析】63.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到第一段末ThelegislatureinNebraskaandIllinoishasalsocalledforsimilarresearch.InMassachusetts,however,theHouseofRepresentativesvoteddownabillsupportedbythegovernortoreinstatethedeathpenalty.(内布拉斯加州和伊利诺伊州的立法机构也呼吁进行类似的研究。然而,在马萨诸塞州,众议院投票否决了州长支持的恢复死刑的法案)可知行政部门与州一级的立法机关关于死刑的意见会有分歧,选A选项“在死刑问题上,行政部门与州一级的立法机关持相反意见”,同时可知D选项“一些州的立法机构也呼吁研究取消死刑”错误,一些州的立法机构不赞同取消;B选项“若干国家正在考虑恢复死刑”在第一段未涉及;第一段Tenotherstateshaveatleastconsideredamoratoriumlastyear.ThegroupincludesOklahomawhoselegislaturewillsoonconsiderabillimposingatwo-yearmoratoriumonexecutionsandestablishingataskforcetoresearchtheeffectivenessofcapitalpunishment.(其他十个州去年也至少考虑过暂停。该组织包括俄克拉荷马州,该州的立法机构很快将考虑一项法案,要求暂停执行死刑两年,并成立一个特别工作组来研究死刑的有效性)可知C选项“俄克拉荷马州决定死刑缓期两年执行”错误,俄克拉荷马州只是考虑,并不是决定执行。因此A选项正确。
64.【试题答案】B
【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段Psychologistsandcriminologistswhoexaminedtheissueinitiallyreportednodeterrenteffect.EconomistsjoinedthedebatewiththepioneeringworkofEhrlich.(最初研究这个问题的心理学家和犯罪学家报告说没有威慑作用。经济学家们以埃利希的开创性工作加入了这场辩论)可知最初是心理学家和犯罪学家报告说没有威慑作用,经济学家们随后加入辩论,选B选项“心理学家和犯罪学家”;A选项“经济学家和犯罪学家”,C选项“心理学家和经济学家”以及D选项“经济学家和埃利希”不符合原文。因此B选项正确。
65.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到第三段第一句CoincidingwiththeSupremeCourt’sdeliberation,ontheissue,Ehrlich’sfindinginspiredaninterestineconometricanalysisofdeterrence,leadingtomanystudiesthatusehisdatabutdifferentregressionspecifications—differentregressorsordifferentchoiceofendogenousvs.exogenousvariables.(与最高法院对该问题的审议一致,埃利希的发现激发了对威慑的计量经济学分析的兴趣,导致许多研究使用了他的数据,但回归规格不同——不同的回归者或内生变量与外生变量的不同选择)可知A选项“埃利希的发现引起了其他人对死刑威慑效应的分析”,B选项“很多人在他们的分析中使用了埃利希的数据,但是是以不同的方式”正确;第三段第二句ThemixedfindingspromptedaseriesofsensitivityanalysesonEhrlich’sequations,reflectingafurtheremphasisonspecification.(这些研究结果综合对埃利希的经济计量公式进行了灵敏度分析,进一步强调了参数的重要性)可知C选项“其他人的研究结果是相似的”错误,并没有说其他人的研究结果是相似的,D选项“埃利希在他的分析中提供了一个方程”正确。因此C选项符合题意。
66.【试题答案】D
【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到第四段第一句Dataissues,ontheotherhand,havereceivedfarlessattention.(另一方面,数据问题受到的关注要少得多)可知作者第一句话就表明观点——研究分析中所利用的数据问题并没有被给予足够的重视,接下来作者论述大多数现有的研究使用的都是时间序列数据或截面数据,这两种数据都各有弊端,选D选项“数据问题没有得到应有的重视”;第四段Crosssectionalstudiesarelesssensitivetothisproblem(横断面研究对这一问题不太敏感)可知A选项“横断面研究对聚集更敏感”错误;第四段Thestudiesthatusenationaltime-seriesdataareaffectedbyanaggregationproblem.(使用国家时间序列数据的研究受到聚集问题的影响)可知B选项“时间序列数据不受聚合影响”错误;第四段Moreover,crosssectionalstudiesareaffectedbyunobservedheterogeneitywhichcannotbecontrolledforintheabsenceoftimevariation.(此外,横断面研究受到未观察到的异质性的影响,这在没有时间变化的情况下是无法控制的)可知C选项“在没有时间变化的情况下,无法控制未观察到的异质性”逻辑关系错误。因此D选项符合题意。
6.单选题
Themayorisawomanwithgreat()thereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.
问题1选项
A.intention
B.instinct
C.integrity
D.intensity
【答案】C
【解析】名词词义辨析。intention意图,目的;instinct本能,直觉;integrity正直,廉正;intensity强度,紧张。句意:市长是一位非常廉正的女性,因此值得我们给予政治上和财政上的支持。选项C符合句意。
7.单选题
Ishallexplaintherules______wehavereceivedmanyobjections.
问题1选项
A.towhich
B.towhere
C.towho
D.towhom
【答案】A
【解析】考查语法。空格处需要选择一个定语从句的引导词,而先行词是物,所以只能用which或者that,但是先行词在从句中充当的宾语,objectionto表示“反对”,因此前面引导词要用towhich。句意:我将解释一下之前收到许多反对意见的条例。因此A项正确。
8.单选题
Thenewrangeofproducts()lastautumnisalreadysellingfarbetterthanisexpected.
问题1选项
A.launched
B.marketed
C.prevailed
D.envisioned
【答案】A
【解析】动词词义辨析。launch“上市”;market“销售”;prevail“盛行”;envision“想象”。句意:去年秋天上市的新产品销量比预期要好。选项A符合题意。
9.不定项选择题
WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanSpymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthegreatgameofespionage—spyingasa“profession”.ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyremadesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.
Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit“open-sourceintelligence”,andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.
AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatwww.S.
StraifordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster’sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’llsuddenlyget500newInternetsign-upsfromUkraine,”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.
Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.
1.TheemergenceoftheNethas().
2.Donovan’sstoryismentionedinthetextto().
3.Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobablymeans().
4.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph4that().
5.Straitfordismostproudofits().
问题1选项
A.receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan
B.remoldedtheintelligenceservices
C.restoredmanycommonpastimes
D.revivedspyingasaprofession
问题2选项
A.introducethetopicofonlinespying
B.showhowhefoughtfortheUS
C.giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar
D.honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA
问题3选项
A.causingthebiggesttrouble
B.exertingthegreatesteffort
C.achievingthegreatestsuccess
D.enjoyingthewidestpopularity
问题4选项
A.Straitford’spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue
B.Straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation
C.Straitford’sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability
D.Straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation
问题5选项
A.officialstatus
B.nonconformistimage
C.efficientstaff
D.militarybackground
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:A
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:B
【解析】第1题:该题考查了考生对一段的文意的总体把握。解题的关键在于第一段的最后一句话:“ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyremadesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.”其中考生要把握好“Donovan’svocation”这个短语的含义,它指的就是“intelligenceservices”,也就是情报行业,而“reshape”意为改造,那么结合这两点就可以发现B选项就是这两点的转述说法,意为“改造了情报工作”。A选项错误在于Donovan并不是互联网的粉丝,因为从第一句虚拟语气可以看出在他的年代并没有互联网,因此A错误;C选项也不对,第一段写的是“remade”和restored还是有区别的;选D选项的是考生没有区分“reshape”和“revive”的含义,revive意为使复活,从原文中我们并不能得到互联网什么时候消失过,所以也不存在复活,因此答案为B。
第2题:该题需要考生有全局观念,它和文章大意相关,需要结合全文进行作答。作者举一个例子一定是为了体现他的主旨观点,因此,Donovan的故事也是一个引子,目的是引出作者真实想要表达的观点,这就是全文的重点和主旨,本文的主旨是在第一段的最后一句有体现,并且之后的几段也都是围绕着互联网影响了情报工作这一点来展开的,因此和这个主旨最匹配的是A选项。C选项并不对,因为全文的重点并不是信息战争,只是提及了它而已。
第3题:本题考查了考生对文中词组词义的猜测能力及对全文的掌握程度。这个词组的直译含义是“做出了最引人注目的效果”,如果不知道这个词组的含义也没有关系,我们可以从后文得知:Straitford是这个领域的新兴佼佼者,因此它肯定是在这个行业获得了成功的,而其他选项在全文中均无明显体现,找不到相关依据。
第4题:本题考查了学生的推理及引申能力,考生需要对第四段有一个总体的把握和细节的追究。第四段主要讲了Friedman对于互联网的态度如何,以及他们公司是如何利用互联网来进行盈利的,文中举出了乌克兰(Ukraine)为例说明了他们公司利用网络对于形势的预测水平。A选项的说法是主观推断,因为文中并没有提及关于乌克兰的预测是否正确,属于过度推断;B选项说法太过绝对,根据常识我们也知道互联网的信息不能保证百分百正确,并且在文中第四段的最后一句说了“这些开放资源的利用也是有风险的”,这一句也提示了我们信息并不一定是百分百正确的;C选项说他们公司的特点是不可预测性,这一点在全文中均未体现,并且该公司就是做风险预测的,更不存在公司的特点是不可预测性这一说;D选项的话,根据第四段的最后一句,“互联网收集情报有风险,而该公司会帮助客户辨别信息真伪”可以推断出,该公司的信息还是有一定的可靠性的,虽然不能保证百分百真实,但是还是经过筛选的信息,较为可靠。
第5题:本题考查了考生对最后一段的理解程度,解题的关键是本段的最后一句话:“Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.”这句话告诉了我们Straitford公司引以为傲的是它有着独立的立场,这就是它不同于其他公司的独特之处,而B选项“nonconformistimage”的意思就是有自己独特的形象,不默守陈规,因此B选项是正确答案的转述,答案为B。
10.单选题
Itisreportedthatthirtypeoplewerekilledina()ontherailwayyesterday.
问题1选项
A.collision
B.collaboration
C.corrosion
D.confrontation
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。A项collision“碰撞,冲突”,B项collaboration“合作”,C项corrosion“腐蚀”,D项confrontation“对抗,面对”。把四个选项分别代入句子中,可知只有collision符合。句意:据报道,昨天有30人在铁路相撞中丧生。因此,该题选择A项正确。
11.单选题
Bothsidesattheconflicthaveagreedtemporarilyto()hostilities.
问题1选项
A.suspend
B.reconcile
C.compromise
D.negotiate
【答案】A
【解析】动词词义辨析。Suspend"延缓,推迟";reconcile"使一致,使和解";compromise"妥协,和解";negotiate"谈判,交涉"。句意:冲突双方已同意暂时停止敌对行动。选项A符合句意。
12.单选题
Dogsareoftenpraisedfortheir()theyalmostneverabandontheirmasters.
问题1选项
A.faith
B.loyalty
C.trust
D.truthfulness
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。faith“信仰,信念”;loyalty“忠实,忠心”;trust“信任,信赖”;truthfulness“坦率,正当”。句意:狗经常因其对主人忠实而受到表扬,他们几乎从不会抛弃他们的主人。由后半句句意可知B项符合题意。
13.翻译题
Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.
中国人的住宅
从前中国人在盖房子的时候,都要先请人看风水,看似迷信,也并非没有道理。按照中国人的想法,任何建筑物都不应该破坏大自然的和谐,而且要让建筑物和大自然融为一体。住在这种房子里的人,会觉得自己不是关在笼子里,而是生活在宁静的大自然里面。所以,中国人盖房子,通常都坐北朝南,以便接受冬天的阳光和夏日的清风。这种房子冬暖夏凉,住在里面非常舒服。
【答案】Chinesepeopleusedtoinviteexpertstoadvisetheminfengshuiprinciplesbeforebuildingahouse.Itseemstobesuperstitious,butsomehowmakessense.AccordingtotheChinesepeople,nobuildingshouldmartheharmonyofnature,butinsteadblendintonature.Thoselivinginsuchhouseswouldnotfeelconfinedincages,butasiftheywerelivinginserenenature.Thus,Chinesehousesusuallyfacethesouthsoastohavewarmsunshineinwinterandcoolbreezesinsummer.Thehouse,warminwinterandcoolinsummer,iscomfortableforaccommodation.
14.单选题
“You(
)borrowmynotesprovidedyoutakecareofthem,”Itoldmyfriend
问题1选项
A.could
B.should
C.must
D.can
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我对我的朋友说“假如你好好保管,你就可以借用我的笔记。”。
语法题。考查情态动词。由句中关键词“borrowmynotes用我的笔记”与“providedyoutakecareofthem假如你照顾他们”的对应知这里表示一种“现实可能性”,故A“could”正确。此外,虽然“can”也可用来表示现在的可能性,但是它一般用在问句或否定句中。should“应该”;must“必须;一定”。
15.单选题
Becauseofthestroke,thespeakingcenterofthebrainwasdeaD.Whenshesays“speaking”,shemeanscommunicationinanyform:writing,drawing,bodylanguage,gestures—anymeansofexpressingherselfbesides______sounds.
问题1选项
A.vibrating
B.intoning
C.recording
D.vocal
【答案】D
【解析】考查近义词词义辨析。A选项vibrating“振动,(使)震动;颤抖;共鸣”;B选项intoning“缓慢庄重地说;吟咏”;C选项recording“录音;记录;录像”;D选项vocal“歌唱的;声音的,有声的”。句意:由于中风,大脑的说话中枢已经死亡。当她说“说话”,意味着任何形式的沟通:写作,画画,肢体语言,手势,任何方式表达自己除了……的声音。联系前文,她有多种形式表达沟通,但是除了……的声音,可以推测,她由于中风不能发出声音,因此D选项vocal(有声的)符合句意,可知D选项正确。
16.单选题
Howmanytimesdidtheclock(
)?
问题1选项
A.hit
B.knock
C.beat
D.strike
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的固定搭配。strike可以用来表示“敲打钟表”,其他的词则不行,所以选项D符合题意。
17.翻译题
教育很可能是现在争议最大、争议最多的一个题目。在一个国家未来的经济增长越来越依靠科学和技术的时候,教育在一个国家未来的前途中起着决定性的作用。今天,享受教育的特权已不再限于极少部分人。教育的发展是如此之快,它现在已成为一个大行业。事实上,它是最大的行业,其雇佣的人数和所付的工资比其他任何一个全国性企业的都要多。有一些教育机构包装得非常漂亮,借以提高知名度和吸引学生。在一定意义上讲,教育已经变成一种商品。从事教育的人对商业化这个说法会感到很不舒服,但是,恐怕除了少数例外,很多大学已经陷入了演变成有利可图的大规模制造厂的过程中。培养心智不再吃香;推销可出售的技能成了时髦。这就是教育的悲剧。不用说,某种拯救教育以防其更加衰落的具有想象力的办法和共同努力早就该出台了。竞争性的考试应该由素质教育取代,死记硬背应该让位于创造性和解决实际问题的能力的培养。只有这样,我们才能迎来教育的真正进步。
Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.
【答案】Nowadayseducationisprobablyoneofthemostcontroversialandhotlycontestedtopics.Whenacountry'seconomicgrowthinthefuturedependsmoreandmoreonscienceandtechnology,educationplaysadecisiveroleinitsfuture.Todayenjoyingtheprivilegeofreceivingeducationisnotconfinedtoaverysmallnumberofpeople.Thedevelopmentofeducationissorapidthatithasnowbecomeahugeindustry.Asamatteroffact,itisthebiggestindustry,whichemploysmorepeopleandpaysmorewagesthananyothernationalenterprise.Someeducationalorganizationsareveryattractiveinpackingwherebytheycanenhancetheirpopularityandattractstudents.Inasense,educationhasbecomeacommodity.Educatorsmayfeeluncomfortablewiththeideaofcommercialization.Butexceptforsomeexceptions,mostcollegesanduniversitiesarealreadyinvolvedintheprocessofevolvingintolarge-scaleprofitablemanufacturers.Cultivatingmentalityisnolongersought-after;promotingsalableskillshasbecomeafashion,whichisthetragedyofeducation.Needlesstosay,acertainimaginativewaytorescueeducationfromitsdeclineandjointeffortsshouldhaveappearedlongago.Competitivetestsshouldbereplacedbyquality-orientededucation;learningbyroteshouldgivewaytocultivatingcreativityandabilitytosolvepracticalproblems.Onlyinthiswaycanwegreetagenuineprogressineducation.
18.单选题
PeoplewillinsistthatwatchingTV()children’simaginations.
问题1选项
A.blunders
B.blunts
C.blushes
D.blends
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项blunders“犯大错;误入某地”;B选项blunts“减弱;使迟钝”;C选项blushes“脸红;感到羞愧”;D选项blends“使混合;使交融”。句意:人们会坚持说看电视……了儿童的想象力。前因是watchingTV“看电视”;后果是阻碍了children’simaginations“儿童的想象力”。在所有选项中只有blunt有减弱,使迟钝的意思。因此B选项符合题意。
19.单选题
Endangeredspeciesareplantsandanimalsthatareinimmediatedangerofextinction.Extinctionisactuallyanormalprocessinthecourseofevolution.Sincetheformationoftheearth,manymorespecieshavebecomeextinctthanthoseexisttoday.Thesespeciesslowlydisappearedbecauseofchangesofclimateandtheirfailuretoadapttosuchconditionsascompetitionandpredation(捕食).Sincethe1600s,however,theprocessofextinctionhasgreatlyacceleratedasaresultofbothhumanpopulationgrowthandtechnologicalencroachment(侵犯)onnaturalecologysystems.Todaythemajorityoftheworld’senvironmentsarechangingfasterthantheabilityofmostspeciestoadapttosuchchangesthroughnaturalselection.
Speciesbecomeextinctorendangeredforanumberofreasons,buttheprimarycauseisthedestructionofnaturalhabitats(栖息地).Drainageofwetlands(沼泽地),cuttingandclearingofforests,growthofcities,andhighwayanddamconstructionhaveseriouslyreducedavailablenaturalhabitats.Asthevarioussurroundingsbecomefragments,theremaininganimalpopulationscrowdintosmallerareas,causingfurtherdestructionofnaturalsurroundings.Speciesinthesesmallislandslosecontactwithotherpopulationsoftheirownkind,thusreducingtheirgeneticvariationandmakingthemlessadaptabletoenvironmentchanges.
Sincethe1600s,commercialexploitationofanimalsforfoodandotherproductshascausedmanyspeciestobecomeextinctorendangered.Introduceddiseasesandparasiteshavealsogreatlyreducedsomespecies.Pollutionisanotherimportantcauseoftheirextinction.
Someprivateandgovernmentaleffortshavebeenorganizedtosavedecliningspecies.Lawsweremadeinsomecountriesintheearly1900stoprotectwildanimalsfromcommercialtradeandkilling.InternationalendeavorsareshownintheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpecies,approvedby51nations.Itspurposeistorestrictexploitationofwildanimalsandplantsbyregulatingandrestrictingtradeincertainspecies.Howeffectivesuchlawswillbeinvariouscountries,however,dependsonenforcement(实施)andsupportbythepeopleandthecourts.Becauseofalackoflawenforcement,thewillingnessofsomesegmentsofsocietytotradeinendangeredspecies,theactivitiesofpeoplewhocatchandkillanimalsillegallyanddealerswhosupplythetrade,thefutureofmanyspeciesisindoubtinspiteoflegalprotection.
1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactorcausingtherapidextinctionofmanspeciessincethe17thcentury?
2.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theword“islands”refersto_______.
3.Thispassagementionsallofthefollowingreasonsthatcausetheextinctionofmanspeciesexcept______.
4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostimportantinsavingdecliningspecies?
5.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheprospectofprotectingendangeredspeciesfrombeingextinct?
问题1选项
A.Humanbeingsarenotawareoftheimportanceofpreservingendangeredspecies.
B.Someendangeredspecieshavealreadyreachedtheendoftheirlifespaninevolution.
C.Thedevelopmentofhumansocietyhasgreatlyaffectednaturalecologysystems.
D.Theworld’sclimatehaschangedsogreatlythatmostspeciescannotsurvive.
问题2选项
A.thelandsthatarecompletelysurroundedbywater
B.thewildanimals’breedinggroundsprotectedbylaw
C.thepiecesoflandseparatedbymodembuildingsandroads
D.thesmallandisolatedareasinhabitedbycertainspecies
问题3选项
A.naturalselectionofspecies
B.variousnaturaldisasters
C.commercialtradeandkilling
D.destructionofnaturalsurroundings
问题4选项
A.Governmentsshouldmakesomelawstoprotectendangeredspecies.
B.Peopleshouldpaymoreattentiontotheprotectionofnaturalsurroundings.
C.Relevantlawsmustbemadeandenforcedwiththesupportofthepeople.
D.Someorganizationsshouldwarnpeoplenottotradeinendangeredanimals.
问题5选项
A.Worried.
B.Optimistic.
C.Indifferent.
D.Confident.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:B
第4题:C
第5题:A
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第五句,“theprocessofextinctionhasgreatlyacceleratedasaresultofbothhumanpopulationgrowthandtechnologicalencroachmentonnaturalecologysystems.”,可知灭绝速度加快的原因是人类人口的增长和科学技术对自然生态系统的侵犯。选项C符合题意。
2.语义题。根据第二段第三句,“Asthevarioussurroundingsbecomefragments,theremaininganimalpopulationscrowdintosmallerareas…”,可知环境变成了碎片,剩下的动物聚集在更小的区域里,下文的smallislands就是指这些区域。根据“Speciesinthesesmallislandslosecontactwithotherpopulationsoftheirownkind”,可知生活在这个小区域里的物种与其他同类中种群失去了联系。所以是孤立的。选项D符合题意。
3.细节理解题。考查对物种灭绝的原因的理解。根据文章第一段第一句,“anormalprocessinthecourseofevolution”,可知物种灭绝是进化中的一个正常过程,选项A可排除。根据第二段第一句,“…thedestructionofnaturalhabitats…”,栖息地的破坏也是物种灭绝的原因,选项D可排除。根据文章最后一段第二句,“…protectwildanimalsfromcommercialtradeandkilling.”,商业买卖和杀害也是原因,选项C可排除。选项B符合题意。
4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段,“Howeffectivesuchlawswillbeinvariouscountries,however,dependsonenforcementandsupportbythepeopleandthecourts.”,使法律有效发挥作用的关键在于人们和法院的实施和支持,所以相关法律需要在人们的支持下制定和实施是最重要的。选项C符合题意。
5.作者态度题。根据文章最后一段最后一句,“thefutureofmanyspeciesisindoubtinspiteoflegalprotection.”,可知作者认为尽管有法律保护,许多物种的未来仍然尚存疑问。所以作者是担忧的态度。选项A符合题意。
20.单选题
IpassedalltheothercoursesthatItookatmyuniversity,butIcouldhaveneverpassedbotany.Thiswasbecauseallbotanystudentshadtospendseveralhoursaweekinalaboratorylookingthroughamicroscopeatplantcells,andIcouldneveronceseeacellthroughamicroscope.Thisusedtoenragemyinstructor.Hewouldwanderaroundthelaboratorypleasedwiththeprogressallthestudentsweremakingindrawingthestructureofflowercells,untilhecametome.Iwouldjustbestandingthere.“Ican’tseeanything”Iwouldsay.Hewouldbeginpatientlyenough,explaininghowanybodycanseethroughamicroscope,buthewouldalwaysendupinafury,claimingthatIcould,too,seethroughamicroscopebutjustpretendedthatIcouldn’t.“Ittakesawayfromthebeautyofflowersanyway.”Iusedtotellhim.“Wearenotconcernedwithbeautyinthiscourse,”hewouldsay.“WeareconcernedsolelywithwhatImaycallthemechanicsofflowers.”“Well,”I’dsay,“Ican’tseeanything”“Tryitjustonceagain,”he’dsay,andIwouldputmyeyetothemicroscopeandseenothingatall,exceptnowandagainanebulousmilkysubstance—aphenomenonofmaladjustment.Youweresupposedtoseeavivid,restlessclockworkofsharplydefinedplantcells.“Iseewhatlookslikealotofmilk,”Iwouldtellhim.This,heclaimed,wastheresultofmynothavingadjustedthemicroscopeproperly,sohewouldreadjustitforme,orrather,forhimself.AndIwouldlookagainandseemilk.
Ifinallytookadeferredpass,astheycalledit,andwaitedayearandtriedagain.(Youhadtopassoneofthebiologicalsciencesoryoucouldn’tgraduate.)Theprofessorhadcomebackfromvacationbrownasaberry,bright-eyedandeagertoexplaincell-structureagaintohisclasses.“Well,”Hesaidtome,cheerily,whenwemetinthefirstlaboratoryhourofthesemester,“We’regoingtoseecellsthistime,aren’twe?”“Yes,sir,’’Isaid.Studentstotherightofmeandtotheleftofmeandinfrontofmewereseeingcells;what’smore,theywerequietlydrawingpicturesofthemintheirnotebooks,Ofcourse,Ididn’tseeanything.
“We’lltryit,theprofessorsaidtomegrimly,“witheveryadjustmentofthemicroscopeknowntoman.AsGodismywitness.I’llarrangethisglasssothatyouseecellsthroughitorI’llgiveupteaching.Intwenty-twoyearsofbotany,I···”Hecutoffabruptlyforhewasbeginningtoquiverallover,likeLionelBarrymore,andhegenuinelywishedtoholdontohistemper;hissceneswithmehadtakenagreatdealoutofhim.
So,wetrieditwithev
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