考研考博-英语-山东药品食品职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东药品食品职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Hesaidthathe’dsoonerdiethan（

）.

问题1选项

A.betray

B.tobetray

C.betrayed

D.begraying

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他声称自己宁死也不会背叛自己的祖国。

固定搭配。hadsooner+动词原形+thandosth.宁可做某事而不做某事。

2.单选题

3.

问题1选项

A.Heisgoingtogetmarried.

B.Heisgoingtogethisbachelor'sdegree.

C.Hewillcountonthewomanforhelp.

D.Hewillbringhisownboozetotheparty.

【答案】A

【解析】W:We’llthrowTomabachelorparty.

M:Thencountmein.

W:Great.Beatourhouseat8p.m,andbringyourownbooze.

Q:WhatistrueaboutTom?

【解析】细节题。男士表示想去单身汉晚会，女士确认了时间为晚上八点，并且要自带酒水。

3.单选题

Thepurchaseofahouseandacarhasbecomethe（

）ofthenewgenerationofwhite-collarworkers,alongwithholidaysoverseas.

问题1选项

A.aspiration

B.inspiration

C.attraction

D.tenacity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项aspiration“渴望；抱负”；B选项inspiration“灵感；鼓舞”；C选项attraction“吸引力；引力”；D选项tenacity“韧性；固执”。句意：买房买车已经成为新一代白领的······，当然还有去国外度假。句中的“买房买车”、“去国外度假”符合“渴望”的内容。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Noonecanfunctioniftheyare（）ofadequatesleep.

问题1选项

A.deprived

B.ripped

C.stripped

D.contrived

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项deprive“使丧失，剥夺”，常和介词of搭配；B选项rip“撕裂”；C选项strip“剥去”；D选项contrive“谋划，设法做到”。句意：如果剥夺了充足的睡眠，没有人能正常工作。deprive和strip都有剥夺的意思，但是strip较普遍，多指剥削金钱，土地等物质上的东西。而deprive除了前面的意思，还可以特指权利，势力等东西。所以选项A更符合语境。

5.单选题

（）,heremainsverymodest.

问题1选项

A.Thoughhiscontributions

B.Hemadegreatcontributions

C.Forallhisgreatcontributions

D.Howeverhisgreatcontributions

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法知识。Though与however为连词，后面要接句子，不能接名词，所以选项A和D排除；选项B是一个完整的句子，空格后面也是一个完整的句子，中间没有任何连词，所以选项B排除。选项C符合题意。

6.翻译题

1.Eventhoughtheywerealreadylate,they

(

)

（宁愿停下来欣赏美丽的景色）thanjustgoon.

2.Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionbetweenthetwoparties,as

(

)

（任何一方都不肯放弃自己的立场）.

3.Thepills(

)

（本来可以治愈那位癌症病人的）,buthedidn'tfollowthedoctor'sadviceandtakethemregularly.

4.Itis(

)

（你真好，给了我那么多帮助）;Ireallyfeelobligedtoyou.

5.Thewarleftthefamilyscatteredallovertheworld,anditwasthirtyyears

(

)（他们才得以重聚）.

【答案】1.Eventhoughtheywerealreadylate,theywouldratherstopforthebeautifulview（宁愿停下来欣赏美丽的景色）thanjustgoon.

2.Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionbetweenthetwoparties,aseithersiderefusestosoftentheirpositions（任何一方都不肯放弃自己的立场）.

3.Thepillscouldhavecuredthecancerpatient

（本来可以治愈那位癌症病人的）,buthedidn'tfollowthedoctor'sadviceandtakethemregularly.

4.Itisreallykindofyoutogivemesomuchhelp（你真好，给了我那么多帮助）;Ireallyfeelobligedtoyou.

5.Thewarleftthefamilyscatteredallovertheworld,anditwasthirtyyearsbeforetheywereabletoreunite（他们才得以重聚）.

7.单选题

WhenIwasstillanarchitecturestudent,ateachertoldme,"Welearnmorefrombuildingsthatfalldownthanfrombuildingsthatstandup."Whathemeantwasthatconstructionisasmuchtheresultofexperienceasoftheory.Althoughstructuraldesignfollowsestablishedformulas,theactualperformanceofabuildingiscomplicatedbythepassageoftime,thebehaviorofusers,thenaturalelementsandunnaturalevents.Allaredifficulttosimulate.Buildings,unlikecars,can'tbecrash-tested.

ThefirstimportantlessonoftheWorldTradeCentercollapseisthattallbuildingscanwithstandtheimpactofalargejetliner.Thetwintowersweresupportedby59perimetercolumnsoneachside.Althoughabout30ofthesecolumns,extendingfromfourtosixfloors,weredestroyedineachbuildingbytheimpact,initiallybothtowersremainedstanding.Evenso,thedeathtollwasappalling2,235peoplelosttheirlives.

Iwasonceaskedhowtallbuildingsshouldbedesignedgivenwhatwe'dlearnedfromtheworldTradeCentercollapse.Myanswerwas,"Lower,"Thequestionofwhenatallbuildingbecomesunsafeiseasytoanswer.Commonaerialfire-fightingladdersinusetodayare100feethighandcanreachtoaboutthe10thfloor,sofiresinbuildingsupto10storieshighcanbefoughtfromtheexterior.Fightingfiresandevacuatingoccupantsabovethatheightdependonfirestairs.

Thetallerthebuilding,thelongeritwilltakeforfirefighterstoclimbtothesceneofthefire.Sothesimpleanswertothesafetyquestionis"Lowerthan10stories."

Thenwhydon'tcitiesimposelowerheightlimits?A60-storyofficebuildingdoesnothavesixtimesasmuchrentablespaceasa10-storybuilding.However,allthingsbeingequal,suchabuildingwillproducefourtimesmorerevenueandfourtimesmoreinpropertytaxes.Socuttingbuildingheightswouldmeancuttingcitybudgets.

ThemostimportantlessonoftheWorldTradeCentercollapseisnotthatweshouldstopbuildingtallbuildingsbutthatwehavemisjudgedtheircost.Wedidthesamethingwhenweunderestimatedthecostofhurtlingalongahighwayinasteelboxat70milesperhour.Ittookmanyyearsbeforeseatbelts,airbags,radialtires,andantilockbrakesbecamecommonplace.Atfirst,carssimplyweretooslowtowarrantconcern.Later,manufacturersresistedtheseexpensivedevices,arguingthatconsumerswouldnotpayforsafety.Nowwedowillingly.

1.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat（）.

2.WhatcanwelearnfromtheWTCcollapse?

3.Ideally,thepolicyincityconstructionshouldbe（）.

4.Whyaretherestillhighbuildings,orevenskyscrapersinmanycities?

5.WhatisthemostimportantlessonoftheWTCcollapse?

问题1选项

A.architectureissomethingmoreoutofexperiencethanoutoftheory

B.architecturedependsjustasmuchonexperienceasontheory

C.itissaferforpeopletoliveinoldbuildings

D.welearnnotsomuchfromourfailureasfromoursuccess

问题2选项

A.Despitethetwostrongbuildings,thedeathtollwasstillveryshocking.

B.Thestructureofthetwobuildingswasofthefirstclass.

C.Thestructureofthetwobuildingswasnotsostrongaspeoplehadexpected

D.Thestructureofthetwobuildingswasstrongenoughtowithstandanyaccidents.

问题3选项

A.lowerthantenstories

B.thelower,thebetter

C.thehigher,thebetter

D.higherthantenstories

问题4选项

A.Becausetheyarethesymbolofmoderntimes.

B.Becausemanycitiesnowlackbuildingspace.

C.Becausetheyareanimportantfinancialsourceofacity'sbudget.

D.Becausetheyrepresentthelevelofacountry'sscienceandtechnology.

问题5选项

A.Weshouldwearseatbeltswhiledriving.

B.Weshouldbuildlowbuildingsjustasweshoulddriveslowly.

C.Weshouldmaketallbuildingsillegal.

D.Weshouldpayforsafetywhileconstructingtallbuildings.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。第一段第二句指出:Whathemeantwasthatconstructionisasmuchtheresultofexperienceasoftheory(他的意思是建筑物既是经验的结果，也是理论的结果)。由此可知B项“建筑不仅依赖于理论，也依赖于经验”正确。

第2题:判断推理题。根据题干关键词WTCcollapse定位至第二段:Evenso,thedeathtollwasappalling2,235peoplelosttheirlives(即使（两座建筑物没有倒塌），付出的伤亡代价却是惊人的——2235人失去了生命)。由此推断A项“尽管两座建筑物很牢固，但付出的伤亡代价却是惊人的”正确。

第3题:事实细节题。第三段指出:Sothesimpleanswertothesafetyquestionis“Lowerthan10stories.”(所以安全问题的简单答案是“低于10层楼”)。因此A选项“低于十层”正确。

第4题:事实细节题。第四段指出:Socuttingbuildingheightswouldmeancuttingcitybudgets(因此削减楼层高度等于削减城市预算)。因此在许多城市里还有高楼大厦，甚至摩天大楼是因为“它们是城市预算的重要财政来源”。答案为C。

第5题:判断推理题。最后一段提到从世贸中心倒塌事件得到的一个重要经验:Later,manufacturersresistedtheseexpensivedevices,arguingthatconsumerswouldnotpayforsafety.Nowwedo–willingly(之后，厂商拒绝使用这些昂贵的设施，认为消费者不会为安全买单。但是现在我们的确愿意了)。因此D项“在建造高层建筑时，我们应该为安全问题买单”正确。

8.单选题

Theprisonerswhois______inchainsinacellhasbeendeprivedoffreelife.

问题1选项

A.constrained

B.refrained

C.retained

D.attained

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项constrain“驱使，强迫”，B项refrain“节制，克制”，C项retain“保留”，D项attain“取得，获得”。根据句子意思“那些用铁链……牢房里的囚犯被剥夺了生活的自由”可推断，空格处应该表示“限制，束缚”，四个选项中只有A项意思与之相近。句意：用铁链束缚在牢房里的囚犯被剥夺了自由生活。因此，该题选择A项正确。

9.单选题

WhentheAmericanpsychologistWayneOatesdiedin1999,theNewYorkTimesbeganhisobituarybynotingtwofacts.First,themanhadauthoredanastonishing57books.Second—andpresumablynotcoincidentally—hehadcoinedthewordworkaholic.Oatesinventedthenew-ubiquitoustermina1968essay,inwhichheconfessedthathisownadditiontoindustriousnesshadbeenadisordersimilartosubstanceabuse.Ofcourse,heacknowledged,workaholismismuchmorerespectablethandrinkingafifthaday—morethesortofpersonalitytraitthatmighthelpsomeone,say,earnanobitinthepaperrecord.

Whatprecisely,qualifiessomeoneasaworkaholic?There’sstillnosingleacceptedmedicaldefinition.Butpsychologistshavetriedtodistinguishpeoplemerelydevotedtotheircareersfromthetrueaddicts.Aseminal1992paperonhowtomeasuretheconditionarguedthatsufferersworknotonlycompulsivelybutalsowithlittleenjoyments.Newerdiagnostictestsattempttosingleoutthosewho,amongotherbehaviors,bingeandthensufferfromwithdrawal—justassomeonewouldwith,say,agamblingorcocainehabit.

Evenasthepreciseoutlinesofworkaholismremainabitfuzzy,variousstudieshavetriedtoidentifyitsphysicalandemotionaleffects.AttheriskofcarryingonlikeaPfizerad:researchhasassociateditwithsleepproblems,weightgain,highbloodpressure,anxiety,anddepression.Thatistosaynothingofitstollonfamilymembers.Perhapsunsurprisingly,spousesofworkaholicstendtoreportunhappinesswiththeirmarriages.Havingaworkaholicparentishardlybetter.Astudyofcollegeundergraduatesfoundthatchildrenofworkaholicsscored72percenthigheronmeasuresofdepressionthanchildrenofalcoholics.Theyalsoexhibitedmore-severelevelsof“prettification"—atermfamilytherapistsuseforsonsanddaughterswho,asthepaperputit,’’areparentstotheirownparentsandsacrificetheirownneeds...toaccommodateandcarefortheemotionalneedsandpursuitsofparentsoranotherfamilymember."

Howmanypeoplearetrueworkaholics?Onerecentestimatesuggeststhatabout10percentofU.S.adultsmightqualify;theproportionisashighas23percentamonglawyers,doctors,andpsychologists.Stillmorepeoplemaybeinclinedtocallthemselvesworkaholics,whetherornottheyactuallyare:in1998,27percentofCanadianstoldthecountry'sSocialSurveythattheywereworkaholics,including38percentofthosewithincomesover$80,000,(Evenamongthosewithnoincome,22percentcalledthemselvesworkaholics!Presumablysomewerebusyhomemakersandstudents.)

Theconditionmaywellhaveacertainsocialcachet;asthepsychologistBryanRobinsononcepartinworkadditionmightbe“thebest-dressedmentalhealthproblem”ofthemall.Inoneoftherareeconomicsstudiesonthesubject,researchersfoundthattheeducatedandaffluentweremuchmorelikelythanlower-incomeAmericanstoputoffretirement,apossiblesignofworkaholisminaddition.Suchdelayedretirementcertainlygivesnewmeaningtothephrase“worktodeath”.Forwhatitisworth,theconceptwouldnotraisemanyeyebrowsinJapan,wheregruelingjobhourshavelongbeenanorm,andthereisawordfordeathbyoverwork-karoshi.Thecountry’scourtshaveevenrecognizeditasabasisforwrongful-deathsuits.

1.AllofthefollowingstatementsaboutWayneOatesaretrueEXCEPTthat（）.

2.Whatisthedefinitionofworkaholicsgivenbytheseminal1992paper?

3.WhichofthefollowingresultisNOTrelatedtoworkaholism?

4.Whatcanbeimpliedfrom"whetherornottheyactuallyare'’inthefourthparagraph?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.hethoughtworkaholismwasnotsociallyrespectable

B.hehadwritten57books

C.hebroughtthetermworkaholictotheworld

D.headmittedhisownadditiontowork

问题2选项

A.thosewhoworkwillinglyandhappily

B.thosewhoworkhardandhappily

C.thosewhoworkunwillinglyandunhappily

D.thosewhoworkhardandunhappily

问题3选项

A.Sleepdisorder

B.Weightloss

C.Depressionandanxiety

D.Unhappymarriages

问题4选项

A.Nobodyishardworkingatall.

B.Somepeoplearenotashardworkingasothersthink.

C.Allthepeoplearenotashardworkingasothersthink.

D.Somepeopleprefertoberegardedashardworking.

问题5选项

A.Thereasonswhypeoplebecomeworkaholics.

B.Thedefinitionandharmofworkaholism.

C.Thecountriesthathavethemostworkaholics.

D.Themethodsofnotbeingaworkaholic.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪个选项对WayneOates的描述不对？”文章第一段提到他写了57本书（First,themanhadauthoredanastonishing57books），因此选项B的描述是正确的，排除；第一段提到他创造了workaholic这个词(hehadcoinedthewordworkaholic),因此选项C的描述是正确的，排除；第一段提到他承认自己沉迷于工作（heconfessedthathisownadditiontoindustriousness），因此选项D的描述是正确的，排除。综上，选项A符合题意。

第2题:2.细节事实题。题目问的是“1992年的那篇论文对工作狂的定义是什么？”文章第二段提到1992年的研究认为工作狂是那些不仅强迫自己工作并且不享受工作的人（Aseminal1992paperonhowtomeasuretheconditionarguedthatsufferersworknotonlycompulsivelybutalsowithlittleenjoyments），因此选项C符合题意。

第3题:3.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪项不是工作狂导致的结果？”文章第三段第二句话提到与工作狂相关的问题有睡眠问题、体重增加、高血压、焦虑和抑郁（AttheriskofcarryingonlikeaPfizerad:researchhasassociateditwithsleepproblems,weightgain,highbloodpressure,anxiety,anddepression），因此选项B符合题意。

第4题:4.推理判断题。题目问的是“第四段中的‘他们是否是真的（是工作狂）’暗示了什么？”文章第四段提到有更多人倾向于称他们自己是工作狂，不论他们是不是（Stillmorepeoplemaybeinclinedtocallthemselvesworkaholics,whetherornottheyactuallyare），即无论他们是不是真正的工作狂，都希望被别人看到热衷于工作，因此选项D符合题意。

第5题:5.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章的主旨是什么？”文章主要讲述了工作狂这个词的由来，它的定义，以及它所带来的不良后果，因此选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtime______thelastbus.

问题1选项

A.tohavecaught

B.tocatch

C.catching

D.havingcaught

【答案】B

【解析】考查目的状语。在整个句子中，过去时态体现在谓语动词上，根据语境，没有时间赶上最后一班公交车，表明横线部分为目的状语，不需要体现时态，所以A选项tohavecaught和D选项havingcaught不符合题意，同时sb.havetime后面的目的状语用todo，所以B选项tocatch符合题意。C选项catching表示伴随状态，不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

Shesaidthatthetreatmentshehadreceivedinthehospitalhascompletely（

）herasherdignity.

问题1选项

A.thrived

B.suspended

C.deprived

D.contrived

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。thrive“繁荣”；suspend“延缓，推迟”；deprive“使丧失，剥夺”；contrive“设计，发明”。句意：她说在医院接受的治疗完全剥夺了她的尊严。选项C符合题意。

12.不定项选择题

Theword“biodiversity”isatermheardwithincreasingfrequencyintheongoingdebateoverhowbesttoprotecttheworld’senvironment,andmorespecifically,howtopreserveitsrapidlydwindlingnumbersofplantandanimalspecies.Inverygeneralterms,“biodiversity”referstothenumberofplantandanimalspeciesthatcanbefoundinaparticularhabitatorecosystem.Thisisapparentlyaverysimpleconcept,butthesimplicityofitbeliesitssignificance.Abetterpopularunderstandingoftherealmeaningofbiodiversityandofitsimportancetothecircumstancesinwhichwepresentlyfindourselvesiscriticaltothesuccessofeffortstoprotecttheenvironment,andthereforeessentialtoourownsurvival.

Globalbiodiversity,whichisthetotalnumberofplantandanimalspeciesexistingontheplanetatanyonetime,canonlybeestimated;andonlyveryroughlyestimatedatthat.Undoubtedly,manyspeciesremaintobediscovered.Someofthese,suchasinsectsandmicroscopiclife,aresmallenoughtohaveescapedournotice,whileothersdwellinareaswehaveonlybeguntoexplore;thespeciesinhabitingthedeepestoceandepths,forexample.Itmustalsoberememberedthatweareinthemidstofamassextinctionevent.Speciesarenowdisappearingatarateestimatedtobebetween1,000and10,000timesfasterthantheaverageforthehistoryoflifeonearth.Takentogether,thesetwouncertainelementspreventtheglobalbiodiversityestimatefrombecomingmuchmorethananeducatedguess.Thecurrentbestestimateissomewhereintheneighborhoodof100to200millionspecies.

Thisnumber,whileitmaybeofsomeinteresttononscientists,isn’tofmuchrealvaluetoresearchers.Theyaregenerallymoreconcernedwithlocalbiodiversity.Despitetheapparentenormityofthenumberofspeciesthatinhabittheearthasawhole,localbiodiversity—thenumberofspeciesfoundinanyonehabitat—fluctuatesgreatlyaswecrosstheboundariesseparatingtheecosystemsthatmakeuptheEarth’sbiosphere.Itreachesitshighestlevelsonthecoralreefsandinthetropicalrainforestswheretheremaybethousandsofspeciesperacre.

Ofcourse,itisthisvalue—themeasureoflocalbiodiversity—thatismostusefulforanyoneconcernedwithassessingthehealthofanecosystemorprotectingitfromdestruction.Inmeasuringthebiodiversityofaparticularecosystem,biologistsareusuallyquiteimpartialwhenweighingtherelativesignificanceofeachspecies.Mostareassignedavalueofone,thetotalnumberofspeciesthenrepresentingthetargetvalue.However,therearetwoconditionsunderwhichonespeciesmaybeweightedmoreheavilythanothers.Thiswouldcertainlybethecaseforanyspeciesthatbyvirtueofitsgeneticuniquenesswouldconstituteaspeciallosstotheglobalgenepoolintheeventofitsextinction.Thetuataraisagoodexampleofjustsuchaspecies.Astheonlysurvivingmemberofafamilyofreptilesthat,exceptforit,diedout60millionyearsago,thetuataraqualifiesongroundsofgeneticuniquenesstobeweightedmoreheavilyincalculatingthebiodiversityofitshabitat.

Aspeciesmaybeaccordedbonuspointsinthebiodiversityequationforanotherreasonaswell;itmaybedeemedmoresignificantbyvirtueoftheroleitplaysintheecosystem.AnexampleofthiswouldbetheCaliforniaseaotter.[A]Thepreferredfoodofthisspeciesofmarinemammalistheseaurchin;amarineinvertebrate,whichfeedsonacertaintypeofseagrassknownaskelp.[B]Wereitnotfortheotter’scontributionincontrollingtheseaurchinpopulation,theunderseakelpforestwouldsurelybedecimatedbyadramaticincreaseinthepopulationofseaurchins.[C]Thiswouldremoveakeysupportingelement—thekelp—fromthehabitatofmanyfishandinvertebratespeciesthatdependonit.[D]This,inturn,wouldfundamentallyalteranentireunderseahabitatandundoubtedlyputariskanumberofdifferentspeciesthathaveadaptedtoitspeculiarcharacteristics.Therefore,thebehavioroftheotterinactivelymaintainingthelocaldiversityofspeciesdictatesthatitshouldbeassignedahigherbiodiversityvalue.

13.Whatwastheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?

14.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatwedon’thaveanaccuratemeasureofglobalbiodiversitybecause（）.

15.Thewordenormityinthepassageisclosestinthemeaningto（）.

16.Accordingtothepassage,thelargestnumberofspecieswouldbefound（）.

17.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTimportantinassessingbiodiversity?

18.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythepassage?

19.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Theeffectofthiswouldbeadramaticlossoflocalbiodiversity.

Wherewouldthesentencebestfit(A,B,CorD)?

20.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheitalicizedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

问题1选项

A.Toexplainwhybiodiversityisessentialtooursurvival.

B.Toexplaintheconceptofbiodiversity.

C.Toshowwhylocalbiodiversityismoreimportantthanglobalbiodiversity.

D.Toclarifythedangersthatresultfromdecliningbiodiversity.

问题2选项

A.thenumberofspeciesisconstantlychanging

B.populationsofanimalsmovefromplacetoplace

C.wedon’tknowtheecologicalroleplayedbyallspecies

D.thedefinitionofbiodiversityisnotclearenough

问题3选项

A.important

B.quality

C.vastness

D.accuracy

问题4选项

A.onthecoralreefs

B.intheboundaryareasbetweenlocalecosystems

C.intheunderseakelpforests

D.infreshwaterlakesandstreams

问题5选项

A.Thespecialfunctionaparticularspeciesplaysinanecosystem.

B.Thenumberofspeciespresentinanecosystem.

C.Thegeneticuniquenessofthespecieswithinanecosystem.

D.Thesizeoftheareaanecosystemcovers.

问题6选项

A.Localbiodiversitymaychange,butglobalbiodiversitydoesnot.

B.Allspecieshavethesamesignificancewhenconsideringbiodiversity.

C.Theconceptofbiodiversityisoflittlevaluetoecologists.

D.Theearthisexperiencingareductioninglobalbiodiversity.

问题7选项

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

问题8选项

A.Asthelastofa60millionyearoldfamilyofreptilestodieout,thetuatarawassogeneticallyspecialthatitwouldhaveraisedthecalculatedbiodiversityvalueofthehabitatinwhichitlived.

B.Thetuataradeservesaheavierbiodiversityweightingbyvirtueofthefactthatallothergeneticallysimilaranimalsvanished60millionyearsagoandtherefore,itaddsanunusualamounttothelocalbiodiversityvalue.

C.Thetuatarasgeneticuniquenessmakesitmorelikelytodieoutliketheothermembersofitsfamilywhichdisappeared60millionyearsago,andthereforeitshouldbegivenahigherbiodiversityvalue.

D.Becauseofthehigherbiodiversityvaluecontributedbythetuataratoitshabitat,thetuataraqualifiesforspecialstatustopreventitfromvanishingliketheothermembersofitsfamilydid60millionyearsago.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:D

第7题:D

第8题:B

【解析】13.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章首先引出“生物多样性”的定义，介绍了全球大概的物种数量，接着介绍了研究生物多样性的意义，说明本文的主要目的是介绍生物多样性的概念。因此B选项“解释生物多样性的概念”正确。A选项“解释为什么生物多样性对我们的生存至关重要”，原文只提到生物多样性对我们的生存至关重要，没有具体阐述，所以A错误。C选项“说明为什么当地的生物多样性比全球的生物多样性更重要”只是原文的一部分内容，不能概括全文主旨，所以C错误。D选项“阐明生物多样性的减少所带来的危险”，原文没有讲到生物多样性减少的危害，所以D错误。

14.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段，第二段中说到Undoubtedly,manyspeciesremaintobediscovered…Itmustalsoberememberedthatweareinthemidstofamassextinctionevent…Takentogether,thesetwouncertainelementspreventtheglobalbiodiversityestimatefrombecomingmuchmorethananeducatedguess.（毫无疑问，还有许多物种有待发现……还必须记住，我们正处于大规模灭绝事件之中……综合来看，这两个不确定因素使全球生物多样性的估计不能成为一个有根据的猜测。），说明物种的数量有增有减，在不断的变化中，所以不能准确衡量生物的多样性。因此A选项“物种的数量在不断变化”正确。B选项“动物的种群从一个地方移到另一个地方”，C选项“我们不知道所有物种在生态方面的作用”在文中没有提及，所以B，C错误。D选项“生物多样性的定义还不够明确”，原文明确给出了生物多样性的定义，即在一个特定的栖息地或生态系统中发现的植物和动物物种的数量，所以D错误。

15.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干关键词“enormity”可以定位到文章第三段第三句Despitetheapparentenormityofthenumberofspeciesthatinhabittheearthasawhole,localbiodiversity—thenumberofspeciesfoundinanyonehabitat—fluctuatesgreatlyaswecrosstheboundariesseparatingtheecosystemsthatmakeuptheEarth’sbiosphere.（尽管存在于整个地球上的物种数量明显很庞大，但当我们跨越分隔地球生物圈的生态系统的界限时，当地的生物多样性——在任何一个栖息地中发现的物种数量都会极大地波动。），说明“enormity”在文中是指“数量庞大”的意思。因此C选项“大量”准确。A选项“重要”，B选项“质量”，D选项“准确”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。

16.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Itreachesitshighestlevelsonthecoralreefsandinthetropicalrainforestswheretheremaybethousandsofspeciesperacre.（它在珊瑚礁和热带雨林中达到最高水平，那里每英亩可能有数千种物种。），说明物种数量最多的地方在珊瑚礁和热带雨林。因此A选项“珊瑚礁”正确。B选项“在当地生态系统之间的边界地区”，C选项“在海底的海藻林中”，D选项“在淡水湖泊和溪流中”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。

17.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】客观细节题。由A选项关键词“specialfunction”可以定位到文章最后一段第一句itmaybedeemedmoresignificantbyvirtueoftheroleitplaysintheecosystem.（由于它在生态系统中发挥的作用，可能被认为更重要。），说明物种在生态系统中发挥的作用是评估生物多样性的要素，A选项“一个特定的物种在一个生态系统中发挥的特殊功能”表述正确，排除A。由B选项关键词“numberofspecies”可以定位到文章第三段第三句localbiodiversity—thenumberofspeciesfoundinanyonehabitat—fluctuatesgreatlyaswecrosstheboundariesseparatingtheecosystemsthatmakeuptheEarth’sbiosphere.（当我们跨越分隔地球生物圈的生态系统的界限时，当地的生物多样性——在任何一个栖息地中发现的物种数量都会极大地波动。），说明物种的数量是评估生物多样性的要素，B选项“一个生态系统中存在的物种数量”表述正确，排除B。由C选项关键词“geneticuniqueness”可以定位到文章倒数第二段最后一句thetuataraqualifiesongroundsofgeneticuniquenesstobeweightedmoreheavilyincalculatingthebiodiversityofitshabitat.（在计算其栖息地的生物多样性时，鳄蜥的基因独特性更值得重视。），说明基因独特性是评估生物多样性的要素，C选项“一个生态系统中的物种的基因独特性”表述正确，排除C。D选项“一个生态系统所覆盖的区域的大小”在文中没有提及，不属于评估生物多样性的要素，本题选D。

18.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第四、五句Itmustalsoberememberedthatweareinthemidstofamassextinctionevent.Speciesarenowdisappearingatarateestimatedtobebetween1,000and10,000timesfasterthantheaverageforthehistoryoflifeonearth.（我们还必须记住，我们正处于大规模灭绝事件之中。物种正在以比地球生命历史平均速度快1000到10000倍的速度消失。），说明全球生物多样性在减少。因此D选项“地球正经历着全球生物多样性的减少”正确。A选项“局部的生物多样性可能会改变，但全球的生物多样性不会改变”，由原文可知全球的生物多样性在不断的变化中，所以A错误。B选项“在考虑生物多样性时，所有的物种都有相同的意义”，由原文可知，一些有基因独特性或者在生态系统中发挥特殊作用的物种对于生物多样性有着更重要的意义，所以B错误。C选项“生物多样性的概念对生态学家没有什么价值”，原文说的是物种数量对研究人员来说没有多大实际价值，而不是生物多样性这个概念，理解生物多样性的真正意义是至关重要的，所以C错误。

19.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干中的句子Theeffectofthiswouldbeadramaticlossoflocalbiodiversity.（这个的后果将是局部生物多样性的急剧丧失。）讲的是某种做法的结果，会导致生物多样性急剧丧失，D处前文说到如果没有海獭捕食海胆，海胆就会大量消灭海藻，许多生物将会失去栖息地，那么下文应该说到它的后果，即局部生物多样性急剧丧失。因此该句放在D处最合适。

20.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段最后一句Astheonlysurvivingmemberofafamilyofreptilesthat,exceptforit,diedout60millionyearsago,thetuataraqualifiesongroundsofgeneticuniquenesstobeweightedmoreheavilyincalculatingthebiodiversityofitshabitat.（鳄蜥是爬行动物族中唯一幸存的成员，除它之外，该族其他物种在6000万年前就灭绝了。在计算其栖息地的生物多样性时，鳄蜥的基因独特性更值得重视。），说明鳄蜥作为唯一幸存下来的物种，其基因独特性使它在计算生物多样性时更重要。因此B选项“由于所有其他基因相似的动物在6000万年前就消失了，鳄蜥应该得到更大的生物多样性权重，因此它为当地的生物多样性增加了不寻常的价值。”正确。A选项“作为一个有着6000万年历史的爬行动物家族中最后一个灭绝的物种，鳄蜥在基因上非常特殊，它将提高所居住栖息地的生物多样性计算值。”，由原文可知，鳄蜥没有灭绝，所以A错误。C选项“鳄蜥的基因独特性使它更有可能像6000万年前消失的其他家族成员一样消亡，因此它应该被赋予更高的生物多样性价值。”，由原文可知，鳄蜥的基因独特性使它更容易存活下来，所以C错误。D选项“由于鳄蜥对其栖息地具有更高的生物多样性价值，鳄蜥有资格获得特殊地位，以防止其像6000万年前的其他家族成员一样消失。”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。

13.单选题

UnderOregon’sDeathwithDignityAct,whichcameintoforcein1997,physician-assistedsuicidehasaccountedforbetween0.06and0.14percentoftotaldeaths,orsomewherearound40peryear.TheestimatefordeathsinBritain,（

）,is650.

问题1选项

A.shouldtheproposedlegislationbecomelaw

B.aslongastheproposedlegislationbecamelaw

C.soonaftertheproposedlegislationbecomeslaw

D.theproposedlegislationshouldbecomelaw

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。由空格句中的词estimate可知这一立法建议目前在英国尚未被采纳，因此是虚拟。当if引导的虚拟条件句中谓语动词部分含有助动词should时，可省略if并把should前置，形成倒装。因此A选项符合题意。

14.单选题

PresidentBushcametohisparent’scentury-oldsummerhomeontheMainecoastforalittlerelaxation,adistantcousin'sweddingandsomefamilytime.However,severalhundredanti-wardemonstrators()onhisvisit.

问题1选项

A.intruded

B.invaded

C.intwined

D.inturned

【答案】A

【解析】intrudeon打扰，侵扰；invade侵略，侵犯；intwine盘绕，缠绕；inturned内弯的。句意：布什总统来到他父母位于缅因州海岸的百年避暑别墅，来放松一下，参加一个远房表亲的婚礼，并与家人共度时光。然而，数百名反战示威者侵扰了他的观光。选项A符合句意。

15.单选题

Eventhoughyoumaybeexcitedaboutrelocating,youmaystillmournthelossofafamiliarhome,wayoflife,familyandfriendsleftbehind.“Underestimatingtheemotionalimpactofmovingisthebiggestmistakepeoplemake,”saysPatriciaNida,Psychologistandrelocationconsultant.“Peoplethinkthereissomethingwrongwiththemiftheycan’tcopewiththeemotional