考研考博-英语-北京信息职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京信息职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Itcanbepainfulforparentswhentheirchildrenfeeloutofsyncwithothers,butitisunwise______ontheimportanceoffittingin;childrengetenoughofthatmessageintheoutsideworld.

问题1选项

A.layingalotofimportance

B.toputtoomuchemphasis

C.togivealargeamountofconcern

D.throwingagreatdealofanxiety

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.layingalotofimportance强调重要性B.toputtoomuchemphasis强调重要性

C.togivealargeamountofconcern大量关注D.throwingagreatdealofanxiety造成极大的焦虑

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】根据unwise可知，unwisetodo是固定搭配，表示“做某事是不明智的”，根据句意“当孩子感到与他人不同步时，父母可能会感到痛苦，但______重要性是不明智的”可知，空格处表示“过分强调，过分关注”符合句意，所以B项符合。

【干扰项排除】

A项importance一般和attach搭配；

C项concern是不可数名词，要用much搭配；

D项不符合unwisetodo（做某事不明智）的搭配。

【句意】当孩子感到与他人不同步时，父母可能会感到痛苦，但过分强调融入的重要性是不明智的；孩子们从外面的世界中已经足够了解这一点了。

2.单选题

Afteran（）tourperformance,theactressdecidedtoflytoHawaiitohaveafullrelaxation.

问题1选项

A.generous

B.exhausting

C.favorite

D.numerous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项generous“慷慨的，大方的”；B选项exhausting“使人筋疲力尽的”；C选项favorite“最受喜爱的”；D选项numerous“许多的”。句意：在一场使人筋疲力尽的巡回演唱会之后，这位女演员决定飞往夏威夷度假放松。根据句意女演员决定飞往夏威夷度假放松可知前面的演唱会让人筋疲力尽所以才想要放松。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

Duringperiodsofsocialandculturalstability,manyartacademiesaresofirmlycontrolledbythatallrealcreativeworkmustbedoneby（

）thedisenfranchised.

问题1选项

A.managers

B.dogmatists

C.imposters

D.specialists

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。disenfranchised被剥夺公民权的；manager“经理；管理人员”；dogmatist“教条主义者；独断家；独断论者”；imposter“骗子；冒名顶替者”；specialist“专家；专门医师”。句意：在社会和文化稳定时期，很多艺术学院如此牢固地被教条主义者控制，以至于所有真正有创造性的工作都由被剥夺了公民权的人来完成。由allrealcreativeworkmustbedonebythedisenfranchised.可知B项符合题意。

4.单选题

Tosaythatasoldierfoughtinbattlelikelionmaybeadescriptive（

）,butitdoesnotmeanthathewasonallfoursroaringandwagginghistail.

问题1选项

A.analogue

B.analogy

C.analytic

D.node

【答案】B

【解析】句意:将一个在战争中的战士说成狮子一样可能是一个不错的比喻，但是这并不意味着他四肢着地摇着尾巴大声咆哮着。

形近词辨析。Analogue类似物，相似物;analogy比喻，相似;analytic分解的;anode阳极。题目中的Tosaythatasoldierfoughtinbattlelikelion这个部分是将战士比喻成狮子。故选B。

5.单选题

Theyhavelaunchedacampaigntogetonlineticketingcompaniesto（）addedcoststocustomerswhenbuyingtickets.

问题1选项

A.clarify

B.justify

C.identify

D.magnify

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项clarify“澄清，阐明”；B选项justify“证明……是正当的，替……辩护”；C选项identify“确定，鉴定，识别，辨认出”；D选项maglify“放大，赞美，夸大”。句意：他们发起了一项运动，让在线票务公司……消费者购票时增加的成本。

6.翻译题

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Scholars,writersandteachersinthemodernacademiccommunityhavestrongfeelingsaboutacknowledgingtheuseofanotherperson’sideas.IntheEnglish-speakingworld,thetermplagiarismisusedtolabelthepracticeofnotgivingcreditforthesourceofone’sideas.Simplystated,plagiarismis“thewrongfulappropriationandpublicationasone’sownoftheideas,ortheexpressionofideasofanother.”

Thepenaltiesforplagiarismvaryfromsituationtosituation.Inmanyuniversities,thepunishmentmayrangefromfailureinaparticularcoursetoexpulsionfromtheuniversity.(46)Intheliteraryworld,wherewritersareprotectedfromplagiarismbyinternationalcopyrightlaws,thepenaltymayrangefromasmallfinetoimprisonmentandaruinedcareer.Protectionofscholarsandwriters,throughthecopyrightlawsandthroughthesocialpressuresoftheacademicandliterarycommunities,isarelativelyrecentconcept.

(47)Students,asinexperiencedscholarsthemselves,mustavoidvarioustypesofplagiarismbybeingself-criticalintheiruseofotherscholars’ideasandbygivingappropriatecreditforthesourceofborrowedideasandwords,otherwisedireconsequencesmayoccur.Thereareatleastthreeclassificationsofplagiarismasitisrevealedinstudents’inexactnessinidentifyingsourcesproperly.Theyareplagiarismbyaccident,byignorance,andbyintention.

Plagiarismbyaccident,oroversight,sometimesistheresultofthewriter’sinabilitytodecideorrememberwheretheideacamefrom.Hemayhavereaditlongago,hearditinalecturesinceforgotten,oracquireditsecond-handorthird-handfromdiscussionswithcolleagues.(48)Althoughthistypeofplagiarismmustbeguardedagainstitistheleastseriousand,iflessonslearned,canbeexemptfrombeingseverelypunished.

Plagiarismthroughignoranceissimplyawayofsayingthatinexperiencedwritersoftendonotknowhoworwhentoacknowledgetheirsources.Thetechniquesfordocumentation—note-taking,quoting,footnoting,listingbibliography—areeasilylearnedandcanpreventthewriterfrommakingunknowingmistakesoromissionsinhisreferences.(49)Although“thereisnocopyrightinnews,orinideas,onlyintheexpressionofthem.”thewritercannotpleadignorancewhenhissourcesforideasarechallenged.

Themostseriouskindofacademicthieveryisplagiarismbyintention.Thewrite,limitedbyhislazinessanddullness,copiesthethoughtsandlanguageofothersandclaimsthemforhisown.Henotonlysteals,hetriestodeceivethereaderintobelievingtheideasareoriginal.Suchwordsasimmoral,dishonest,offensive,anddespicableareusedtodescribethepracticeofplagiarismbyintention.

Theoppositeofplagiarismisacknowledgement.Allmatureandtrustworthywritersmakeuseoftheideasofothersbuttheyarecarefultoacknowledgetheirindebtednesstotheirsources.(50)Students,asdevelopingscholars,writers,teachers,andprofessionalleaders,shouldrecognizeandassumetheirresponsibilitytodocumentallsourcesfromwhichlanguageandthoughtsareborrowed.Othermembersoftheprofessionwillnotonlyrespectthescholarship,theywilladmirethehumilityandhonesty.

【答案】【参考译文】

46.在文学界，作者受到国际版权法的保护，免受剽窃，处罚范围从小额罚款到监禁和毁掉职业生涯不等。

47.作为没有经验的学者，学生必须避免各种类型的剽窃和抄袭，在使用其他学者的想法时要自我批评，对借用的思想和词语的来源给予适当的赞扬，否则会发生可怕的后果。

48.尽管这类剽窃必须加以防范，但它是最不严重的，如果吸取了教训，可以免于受到严厉的惩罚。

49.尽管“新闻和思想没有版权，只有它们的表达方式”，但当作者的思想来源受到质疑时，他不能以无知为借口。

50.作为发展中的学者、作家、教师和职业领袖，学生应该意识到并承担自己的责任，记录所有引用的语言和思想的来源。

7.单选题

Theageofthegeneralpractitionerisover.Moreandmoregraduatesofmedicalschoolstendto（

）,thatis,toconcentrateonlimitedareasoftheirresearch.

问题1选项

A.generalize

B.rationalize

C.study

D.specialize

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。generalize“概括”；rationalize“使合理化”；study“研究，学习”；specialize“专攻”。句意：全科医生的时代过去了。越来越多的医科学校的毕业生倾向于专攻，即专心把精力集中在有限的领域。选项D符合题意。

8.问答题

ThereisextraordinaryexposureintheUnitedStatestotheriskofinjuryanddeathfrommotorvehicleaccidents.Morethan80percentofallhouseholdsownpassengercarsorlighttrucksandeachoftheseisdrivenanaverageofmorethan11,000mileseachyear.Almostone-halfoffatallyinjureddrivershaveabloodalcoholconcentration(BAC)of0.1percentorhigher.Fortheaverageadult,overfiveouncesof80proofspiritswouldhavetobeconsumedoverashortperiodoftimetoattaintheselevels.Athirdofdriverswhohavebeendrinking,butfewerthan4percentofalldrivers,demonstratetheselevels.Althoughlessthan1percentofdriverswithBAC'sof0.1percentormoreareinvolvedinfatalcrashes,theprobabilityoftheirinvolvementis27timeshigherthanforthosewithoutalcoholintheirblood.

Thereareanumberofdifferentapproachestoreducinginjuriesinwhichintoxicationplaysarole.Basedontheobservationthatexcessiveconsumptioncorrelateswiththetotalalcoholconsumptionofacountry'spopulation,ithasbeensuggestedthathighertaxesonalcoholwouldreduceboth.Whiletheheaviestdrinkerswouldbetaxedthemost,anyonewhodrinksatallwouldbepenalizedbythisapproach.

Tomakedrinkinganddrivingacriminaloffenseisanapproachdirectedonlyatintoxicateddrivers.Insomestates,thelawempowerspolicetorequestbreathtestofdriverscitedforanytrafficoffenseandelevatedBACcanbethebasisforeveryarrest.TheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationestimates,however,thatevenwithincreasedarrests,thereareabout700violationsforeveryarrest.Atthislevelthereislittleevidencethatlawsserveasdeterrentstodrinkingwhileintoxicated.InBritain,motorvehiclefatalitiesfell25percentimmediatelyfollowingimplementationoftheRoadSafetyActin1967.AsBritishersincreasinglyrecognizedthattheycoulddrinkandnottobestopped,theeffectivenessdeclined,althoughinthefollowingthreeyearsthefatalityrateseldomreachedthatobservedinthesevenyearspriortotheAct.

【答案】IntheUnitedStates,peopletakeaveryhighriskofmotorvehicleaccidentcasualties.Almostone-halfdeadlyaccidentscausedbyexcessivedrinking.Andonethirdofdriverswhohavebeendrinking,butfewerthan4percentofalldrivers,reached0.1%orhigher.Althoughonlyfewoftheminvolvedinfatalcrashes,theprobabilityoftheirinvolvementis27timeshigherthanforthosewithoutalcoholintheirblood.

Therearemanydifferentwaystoreducetheinjuriesofintoxication.Someonesuggestsraisingtaxesonalcohol.Theheaviestdrinkerswouldbetaxedthemost,anyonewhodrinksatallwouldbepenalized.

Tomakedrinkinganddrivingacriminaloffenseisanapproachdirectedonlyatintoxicateddrivers.However,thelawhardlythreatendrinkingwhileintoxicated.Insomestates,thelawempowerspolicetorequestbreathtestofdriverscitedforanytrafficoffenseandelevatedBACcanbethebasisforeveryarrest.Evenso,withincreasedarrests,therearestillabout700violationsforeveryarrest.

9.单选题

Wehadnowaytomeasuretheexactdistancewehadtraveled,butwethoughtitwas（

）fivemiles.

问题1选项

A.precisely

B.appropriately

C.approximately

D.apparently

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我们没有办法精确测量我们的实际旅程，但是我们认为大概是5英里。

副词辨析。Precisely精确地;appropriately适当地;approximately大约，大概;apparently显然。因此C符合句意。

10.单选题

Heistheauthorofthisnovelwithhigh（）inthecountry.

问题1选项

A.coherence

B.prestige

C.consequence

D.commitment

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析。句意：他是这本小说的作者，在这个国家有很高的（）。coherence统一，连贯性；prestige声望，名望；consequence结果，推论，重要性；commitment承诺，委托。因此，B项符合句意。

11.写作题

Directions:Humanidentity,theideathatdefineseachandeveryoneofus,couldbefacinganunprecedentedcrisis.Itisacrisisthatwouldthreatenlong-heldnotionsofwhoweare,whatwedoandhowwebehave.Accordingtoneuroscientists,thiscrisiscouldreshapethewaywethink,welearnandweinteractwitheachother,alterwhatmakesushappy,andmodifyourcapacityforreachingourfullpotentialasindividuals.Itiscausedbyonesimplefact:Weareexcessivelyreliantontheuseoftheinformationtechnology.Likewise,thewaywetraditionallylearnandteachinclassroomsisunderthreatfromthemoderntechnologyandfailstoattractthepost-1990s,whohavebeennegativelystereotypedasaselfishgrouporlabeledasIphonefansorWechat-(orQQ-)addictedkids.

WhatdoyouthinkofthepossiblechangesthatcouldbemadeintheChinesetertiaryeducationtobeadaptedtothelearningneedsofthepost-1990sintheneweraofinformationtechnology?Writeacompositionofabout250wordsexpressingyourownopinions.Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeorexperiencetogeneratesupportforyourargument.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

Note:Inthefirstpartofyourwritingyoushouldstateclearlythethesisstatement(i.e.,yourmainargument),andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

【答案】略

12.单选题

（）dullhemaybe，heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.

问题1选项

A.Although

B.Whatever

C.As

D.However

【答案】D

【解析】考查句子结构。A、B、C、D四个选项中，后面可以直接修饰形容词的只有D选项however。A选项although“尽管，虽然”，作为连词可以引导让步状语从句，后面接句子，应用到这个句子里面应该是：althoughhemaybedull；B选项whatever“不论什么”，后面应该接名词；C选项as“尽管，正如”，作为连词可以引导让步状语从句，后面接句子，应用到这个句子里面应该是：dullashemaybe；句意：无论他多么迟钝，他都是一名当之无愧的成功高层主管人员。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。

13.翻译题

Passage1

Severalpromisingdrugdevelopmentstrategiesareemerginginthefightagainsttuberculosis(TB),whichcontinuestoclaimnearlytwomillionlivesworldwideeachyear,largelyindevelopingcountries.AstheTBbacteriumevolvestoresistanti-TBdrugs,andpatientsfinditdifficulttosticktoexistingdrugregimesthesearchisonforbothnewdrugsandgooddiagnostics.Somepromisingdrugsareinearlyclinicaltrials,whichcouldreducethetimeneededtotreatTB—buttheoddsarestackedagainstthembecausefewerthantenpercentofantibioticsthatenterearlyclinicaltrialsevergainapproval.Butresearchesarefindingthatfieldsinvolvingthestudyofgenes,proteinsandmetabolismofferthepotentialtounlocknewinformationaboutthebacteriumanditsinteractionswithpeopleinunprecedenteddetail.

Passage2

AsfarasWeb2.0isconcerned,biggerisdefinitelybetter.Biggertext,thatis.Largetextiseasyontheeye,andcoupledwithsnappycopywritingmakesinformationeasytoabsorb.ThelayoutofWeb2.0sitesmightbedescribedasminimal.Withafocusonlegibilityandeaseofuse,gooduseismadeofwhitespace.Whitespaceallowsimportantinformationtostandapart,providesrestfortheeye,andimpartsasenseofcalmandorder.Generousleadingalsomakestextcopyeasierfortheeyetofollow.SomeWeb2.0layoutsaresominimalthattheyvergeonboring,butdesignedwell,anunclutteredpagecanbeincrediblytasteful.Friendly,informalcopywritingallowsamorepersonalrelationshipwithwebsitevisitors.

Passage3

Theprojectmanagementteammustbecarefulnottoconfusequalitywithgrade.Lowqualityisalwaysaproblem;lowgrademaynotbe.Determininganddeliveringtherequiredlevelsofbothqualityandgradearetheresponsibilitiesoftheprojectmanagerandtheprojectmanagementteam.Inaddition,qualityimprovementinitiativesundertakenbytheperformingorganizationcanimprovethequalityoftheprojectmanagementaswellasthequalityoftheprojectproduct.However,thereisanimportantdifferencethattheprojectmanagementteammustbeacutelyawareof—thetemporarynatureoftheprojectmeansthatinvestmentsinproductqualityimprovement,especiallydefectpreventionandappraisal,mustoftenbebornebytheperformingorganizationsincetheprojectmaynotlastlongenoughtoreaptherewards.

ChooseONLYONEtextfromthefollowingpassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovided.IfmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】Passage1

在反击结核病的战争中,几种有前景的药物开发策略正在出现。结核病如今每年仍在夺去将近两百万人的生命,其中大多发生在发展中国家。随着结核分枝杆菌进化成可以耐受抗结核药物,而患者感到很难接受现有的药物治疗框架,科学家正在寻找新药和好的诊断方法。一些有前景的药物正在进行早期临床试验,这可能缩短结核病治疗时间,但是他们面临的情况不利,因为只有不到10%的进入早期临床试验阶段的抗生素获得了批准。但研究人员发现,研究基因、蛋白质和代谢的领域提供了破解关于这种细菌及其与人类相互作用的空前详细的新信息的潜力。

Passage2

对于Web2.0来讲,越大肯定是越好。大的文字就是,大的文字看起来不累,配合流畅的文字内容使得信息容易被吸收。Web2.0网站的排版布局（难度）可说是微乎其微。利用好空白可以使重点突出,易读,易用。空白能让重要信息凸显,让眼睛得以休息,并给予一种安定和秩序的感觉。宽松的行间距也让视线易于跟随文本流动。一些Web2.0网站的布局简单到令人感到无聊的地步,但若设计上出色的话,一个四平八稳的页面也能成为绝顶的美味大餐。友好、活泼的行文方式会使作者与访问者建立更多良好的关系。

Passage3

项目管理队伍必须注意不能将质量与等级混淆。质量低常成为一个问题,但等级低则不是。确定和传达所需的质量及等级水平是项目经理和项目管理队伍的责任。另外,执行组织主动采取质量改进不仅能提高项目管理的质量,也可提高项目产品质量。但是,项目管理队伍必须清楚知道一个重要的区别一项目的临时性意味着对产品质量改进的投资,特别是缺陷的预防和评估,必须由执行组织承担,因为项目可能不会持续到获得回报的时候。

14.单选题

（）iscallederosion.

问题1选项

A.Thewearingawayofland

B.Whenlandwearsaway

C.Landwhichwearsaway

D.Wearingawayland

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词辨析。非谓语动词有三种形式，不定式，动名词以及过去分词。根据语法结构，可排除B、C选项。句意：……叫作侵蚀。结合句意，A选项Thewearingawayofland“土地的磨损”符合句意。因此答案为A选项。

15.单选题

Ourteacherdidn’thavetimesofartogointoit（

）,buthegaveusanideaabouthisplan.

问题1选项

A.inturn

B.athand

C.inconclusion

D.atlength

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析。inturn“依次，轮流地”；athand“手头，在手边”；inconclusion“综述，总结”；atlength“终于，详尽地”。句意：到目前为止，我们老师没有时间详细讨论，但他给了我们一个关于他计划的想法。选项D符合题意。

16.单选题

Morethanone-thirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia,（

）inSanFrancisco.

问题1选项

A.previously

B.predominantly

C.practically

D.permanently

【答案】B

【解析】previously以前，预先；predominantly主要地，显著地；practically实际地，事实上；permanently永久地。句意：在美国，超过三分之一的华人居住在加州，主要居住在旧金山。选项B符合句意。

17.单选题

Thisisanillnessthatcanresultintotalblindness（）leftuntreated.

问题1选项

A.after

B.if

C.since

D.unless

【答案】B

【解析】考查条件状语从句。if引导的条件状语从句，如果从句和主句的主语一致，则从句中的主语和be动词可以一同省略，此句省略了theillnessis。句意：这种疾病如果不加以治疗，就会导致完全失明。因此B选项正确。

18.单选题

Hardly（

）thehelicopter（

）whenthewaitingcrowdrantowardsit.

问题1选项

A.had...landed

B.has...landed

C.would...land

D.was...landing

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是条件状语从句中的部分倒装用法。当hardly位于句首时，这个时间条件状语从句的主句必须采取倒装的表达，即将had提到句子主语前。因为主句的动作是发生在从句的动作之前，故主句用过去完成时态，而从句使用一般过去时。句意为：直升飞机一降落，一旁等待的士兵就冲了上来。故选项A正确。

19.单选题

Whatwecallnatureis,______,thesumofthechangesmadebyallthevariouscreaturesandnaturalforcesintheirintricateactionsandinfluencesuponeachotherandupontheirplaces.

问题1选项

A.incommonsense

B.fromasense

C.bythesense

D.inasense

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.incommonsense普通常识B.fromasense从一种感觉

C.bythesense凭感觉D.inasense在某种意义上

【考查点】插入语。

【解题思路】分析句子可知，句子结构意义完整，而空格处位于系动词和表语之间，且用逗号隔开，可推知空格处填入一个插入语，按照句意“我们所称的自然，______，就是一切不同的生物和自然力在其相互作用和相互影响的过程中所发生的变化的总和”可知，空格处填入D项符合句意，故该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项都不符合句意。

【句意】从某种意义上说，我们所称的自然，就是一切不同的生物和自然力在其相互作用和相互影响的过程中所发生的变化的总和。

20.单选题

Youwillhavetochangeyouroflifenowthatyouhavegotababy.

问题1选项

A.mode

B.mound

C.mood

D.form

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项moden.模式，方式，风格；B选项moundn.高地；土堆；土丘；C选项moodn.语气，情绪，心境；D选项formn.形式，形态，模式，表格。根据句意，现在有了孩子就应该改变自己的生活方式。因此正确答案为A选项。

21.单选题

TheUnitedNations（）muchtoworldpeaceandorder.

问题1选项

A.hasattributed

B.haveattributed

C.hascontributed

D.havecontributed

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。attribute…to“把……归因”，contribute…to“对……作贡献”。

表示国家、地名等专用名词做主语时，后面谓语用单数形式，句意：联合国为世界和平与秩序做出了巨大贡献。所以本题的正确答案是C选项。

22.单选题

Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetooldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsand,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Someotherresearcherswhostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthoserewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.

Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparksingrade-schoolchildrensuggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalPersonalityandSocialPsychology.

“Iftheyknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEsenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”

Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Esenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefallinggrades.

Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomics,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.

1.Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward（）.

2.Whatistheviewheldbymanyeducatorsconcerningexternalrewardsforstudents?

3.Accordingtotheresultofthestudymentionedinthepassage,whatshouldeducatorsdotostimulatemotivationandcreativity?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingfactsabout“tokeneconomics”isNOTcorrect?

问题1选项

A.thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragementandmonetaryrewards

B.theappropriateamountofexternalrewards

C.thestudyofrelationshipbetweenactions

D.theeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudents’performance

问题2选项

A.Theyapproveofexternalrewards

B.Theydon'tthinkexternalrewards

C.Theyhavedoubtsaboutexternalrewards

D.Theybelieveexternalrewardscanmotivatesmallchildren,butnotcollegestudents

问题3选项

A.Giverewardsforperformanceswhichdeservethem

B.Alwayspromiserewards

C.Assigntaskswhicharenotverychallenging

D.Bemoretoleranttostudentswhenmistakesaremade

问题4选项

A.rewardingpoorperformancemaykillstudents'creativity

B.punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewarding

C.failinguninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverallacademicstandards

D.discouragingthestudents’anticipationforeasyrewardsismatterofurgency

问题5选项

A.Studentsareassignedchallengingtasks

B.Rewardsaregivenforgoodperformances

C.Studentsareevaluatedaccordingtotheefforttheyputintothetask

D.Withtokeneconomics,students，creativitycanbeenhanced

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。由第一段“Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsand,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Someotherresearcherswhostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthoserewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.研究行为和行为之间关系的行为主义者认为，奖励可以提高工作和学习表现。其他一些研究精神生活各个方面的研究人员认为，这些奖励会鼓励人们依赖他人的认可和礼物，从而破坏创造力。”可知研究者对于奖励是否能提高工作和学习表现持相反意见。故D项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第二段“Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.后一种观点得到了许多人的支持，尤其是教育工作者。”后一种观点即第一段提到的反对观点。故B项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第三段“Iftheyknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEsenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”如果他们知道自己是为了奖励而工作，并且能够专注于一项相对具有挑战性的任务，他们就会表现出最大的创造力，”特拉华大学纽瓦克分校的RobertEsenberger说。但如果对表现不佳的学生进行奖励，或者让学生对奖励有太多的预期，就很容易扼杀创造力。可知C项正确。

4.细节事实题。由倒数第二段“Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Esenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefallinggrades.Esenberger认为，如果一个老师不断地把注意力放在奖励上，或者对一般的成绩给予高分，那么他最终只能培养出缺乏灵感的学生。作为后一种观点的例证，他指出，主要大学正在努力加强评分标准，恢复下降的成绩。”可知A项正确。

5.细节事实题。由最后一段“Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomics,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.这位特拉华大学的心理学家称，在较早的年级，所谓的代币经济学（tokeneconomics）的使用显示出提高努力程度和创造力的潜力。代币经济学指的是让学生处理具有挑战性的问题，并根据表现获得分数，从而获得有价值的奖励。可知B项“对好的表现给予奖励”不正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

23.单选题

Whenyouchoseapieceofcloth,themostimportantthingthatyoushouldpayattentiontoisits______.

问题1选项

A.textile

B.content

C.style

D.texture

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项textile“纺织品”；B选项content“含量；（书、讲话、节目等的）主题，主要内容”；C选项style“设计式样；（某个时期或群体的艺术）风格”；D选项texture“质地，手感；口感”。句意：当你选择一块布的时候，最重要的是要注意它的质地。根据语境，这里在讲如何挑选布料，布料的______非常重要，D选项texture“质地，手感”符合题意；而C选项style“设计式样；（某个时期或群体的艺术）风格”形容服装更合适，布料没太多设计样式和风格可言。因此D选项正确。

24.写作题

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark’'Livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass"Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexplainwhatyouwilldotomakeyourlifemoremeaningful.Youshouldwriteatleast200words.PutyouressayonAnswerSheet.PartICloze

【答案】略

25.单选题

Today,mostcountriesintheworldhavecanals.Somecanals,suchastheSuezorthePanama,（1）shipsweeksontimebymakingtheirvoyageathousandmilesshorter.Othercanalspermitboatstoreachcitiesthatarenotlocatedonthecoast（2）othercanalsdrainlandswherethereistoomuchwater,helpor（3）fieldswherethereisnotenoughwater.

The（4）ofacanaldependsonthekindofboatsgoingthroughit.Thecanalmustbewideenoughtopermittwoofthe（5）boatsusingitto（6）eachothereasily.Itmustbedeepenoughtoleaveabouttwofeetofwater（7）thekeelofthelargestboatusingthecanal.

Somecanalshaveslopingsides,whileothershavesidesthatarenearly（8）canalsthatarecutthroughrockcanhavenearlyverticalsides.（9）canalswithearthbanksmay（10）iftheangleoftheirsidesistoosteep.Somecanalsarelinedwithbrick,stone,orconcretetokeepthewater（11）soakingintothemud.Thisalsopermitsshipstogoat（12）speeds,sincetheycannotmakethebanksfallinby（13）upthewater.Insmallcanalswithmudbanks,shipsandbarges(大平底船)must（14）theirspeed.

Whenthecanalgoes（15）differentlevelsofwater,theshipsmustbe（16）orloweredfromoneleveltotheother.Thisisgenerallydoneby（17）oflocks.Ifashipwantstogouptohigherwater,thelowerendofthelockopenstolettheboatin.Thenthisgatecloses,andthewaterisletintothelockchamberfromtheupperlevel.Thisraisedthelevelofthewaterinthelock.（18）itisthesameastheupperlevelofwater.Nowtheuppergatescanbeopenedto（19）theshipintothehigherwater.Sometimesacanalcontainsaseriesoflockswhenthe（20）inlevelsisverygreat.

问题1选项

A.take

B.save

C.cost

D.waste

问题2选项

A.Some

B.Many

C.Even

D.Still

问题3选项

A.disperse

B.drain

C.irrigate

D.flood

问题4选项

A.width

B.depth

C.length

D.size

问题5选项

A.largest

B.longest

C.heaviest

D.tallest

问题6选项

A.pass

B.encounter

C.overtake

D.confront

问题7选项

A.down

B.beneath

C.above

D.below

问题8选项

A.flat

B.straight

C.vertical

D.horizontal

问题9选项

A.Meanwhile

B.Hence

C.Therefore

D.However

问题10选项

A.collide

B.corrupt

C.crumble

D.deteriorate

问题11选项

A.away

B.from

C.down

D.off

问题12选项

A.slower

B.faster

C.lower

D.greater

问题13选项

A.revolving

B.stirring

C.mixing

D.rotating

问题14选项

A.limit

B.confine

C.decrease

D.increase

问题15选项

A.across

B.along

C.down

D.through

问题16选项

A.raised

B.promoted

C.hoisted

D.alleviated

问题17选项

A.ways

B.methods

C.means

D.approaches

问题18选项

A.after

B.until

C.by

D.during

问题19选项

A.free

B.retrieve

C.release

D.expose

问题20选项

A.distance

B.variance

C.contrast

D.difference

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:A

第7题: