考研考博-英语-北京大学考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Wemustensurearationalproportionbetween（）andconsumption.

问题1选项

A.conformation

B.acceleration

C.coordination

D.accumulation

【答案】D

【解析】conformation构造,一致；acceleration加速,促进；coordination协调,对等；accumulation积聚,累积。根据句意可知,这里应填入consumption的反义词,只有选项D符合语境。

2.单选题

Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual-thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisreared.Ifanindividualishandicappedenvironmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.

Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual’sintelligencecanbedemonstratedbythecase—historyoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMarkX.Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedinseparatefosterhomes.Peterwasrearedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalopportunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectually.Thisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregiventeststomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel.

1.Thisselectioncanbestbetitled________.

2.Thebeststatementofthemainideaofthispassageisthat________.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theaverageI.Q.is________.

4.Thecasehistoryofthetwinsappearstosupporttheconclusionthat________.

5.Thispassagesuggeststhatanindividual’sI.Q.________.

问题1选项

A.theCaseofPeterandMark

B.HowthebraininfluencesIntelligence

C.MeasuringYourIntelligence

D.IntelligenceandEnvironment

问题2选项

A.environmentiscrucialindeterminingaperson’sintelligence

B.personshavingidenticalbrainswillhaveroughlythesameintelligence

C.humanbrainsdifferconsiderably

D.thebrainapersonisbornwithisimportantindetermininghisintelligence

问题3选项

A.110

B.125

C.85

D.100

问题4选项

A.lackofopportunityblocksthegrowthofintelligence

B.changesofenvironmentproducechangesinthestructureofthebrain

C.individualwithidenticalbrainsseldomtestatsamelevel

D.anindividual’sintelligenceisdeterminedonlybyhisenvironment

问题5选项

A.canbeincreasedbyeducation

B.isdeterminedbyhischildhood

C.canbepredictedatbirth

D.staysthesamethroughouthislife

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段第四句Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.（但是，不管一个人的大脑有多好，除非他有机会学习，否则他的智力水平就会很低。），文章第一段提出天生的大脑和成长的环境决定智力高低，并且后天环境的影响比天生的因素更重要，随后在第二段举出彼得和马克的案例来证明天生大脑一样，后天环境对智力有很大影响，文章表达的重点在于环境对智力的影响，D选项“智力与环境”正确。A选项“彼得和马克的案例”：不足以概括全文。B选项“大脑如何影响智力”和C选项“测量你的智力”：文中没有具体提到。因此D选项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第四句Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.（但是，不管一个人的大脑有多好，除非他有机会学习，否则他的智力水平就会很低。），可知相比于天生的大脑，环境对个人智力影响更大，A选项“环境在决定个人智力方面至关重要”正确，B选项“有相同大脑的人有大致相同的智力”和D选项“大脑天生的因素在决定他的智力方面很重要”错误。C选项“人类的大脑差别很大”：文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据文章倒数第二句Mark’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.（马克的智商是125，比平均水平高25分，比他的同卵兄弟整整高40分。），可知平均智商是100，D选项“100”正确。A选项“110”，B选项“125”和C选项“85”错误。因此D选项正确。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】语义推测题。根据文章最后一句Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel.（如果机会均等，拥有相同大脑的双胞胎的测试水平大致相同。），结合双胞胎因为环境不同而智力不同的案例，可知机会的多和少影响他们各自的智力，A选项“缺乏机会阻碍智力的增长”正确。B选项“环境的变化产生大脑结构的变化”：文中没有讲到环境对大脑结构的具体改变。C选项“具有相同大脑的个体很少在相同水平上测试”：文中只讲了一个案例，不足以得出此结论。D选项“一个人的智力只由他所处的环境决定”：文中还提到天生的大脑影响智力。因此A选项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三句Thisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregiventeststomeasuretheirintelligence.（这种环境差异一直持续到双胞胎十八九岁的时候，那时他们接受了测试，以衡量他们的智力。），这种环境差异指的是受教育的机会和程度，可知教育可以提高智力，A选项“可以通过教育提高”正确。B选项“由童年决定”：这里两个双胞胎童年的差距就是教育，A选项更符合题意，而且教育可以在除了童年以外的时期进行。C选项“可以在出生时预测”和D选项“一生保持不变”：环境中教育的因素会影响智力，所以智力会因为教育而改变。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

InNewOrleans,MoonWalk—apathwayalongastretchoftheMississippi—nowprovidesthepublicaccessthathadpreviouslybeendenieD.It'sacharmingplace,whereonenightrecentlyabandplayedonthewalkastouristsandresidentsoftheadjacentVieuxCarre(theOldQuarterorFrenchQuarter)strolledpast.Afewfeetwest,thepaddlewheelerNatchezsoundeditswhistle,signalingitsimminentdeparture.

NowthecityplanstoextendpublicaccesstotheareaadjoiningMoonWalkinanambitiousdesignthatwill,thecityhopes,beapartofitsdevelopmentforthenextworld'sfair.Thismoreambitiousconceptforthewaterfrontwillbelikelytostirconsiderabledebateascompetingprojectsviefortheopportunitiesforprofit.Thedevelopmentwillthereforerequiresubstantialparticipation,cooperationandscrutinybycitizenstomakesurethatwhileprivateprofitabilityismaintained,thepublic'sneedsaresatisfied,too.

Thejointeffortsofenvironmentalists,business-people,civicleadersandpoliticianshavetransformedabandonedportlandscapesincitiesthroughoutAmericaintoexcitingcommercialandrecreationalcenters.ExamplesarethecanneryinSanFrancisco,theRiverfrontWalkinSanAntonioFaneuilhallMarketinBostonandHarborplaceinBaltimore.

It'seasytounderstandwhytheportareaswereneglecteD.Whichmanycitiesweregrowingupalongrivers,lakesandnaturalharbors,dependingonwater-bornecommerce,waterfrontsthriveD.AfterWorldWarII,however,technologicalchangesintransportation—improvedplanesandairports,theinterstatehighwaysystemlargertracksforfreighttrainsandcontainerizedshipping——mademanyoldportfacilitiesobsolete.Waterfrontareasbecameperipheraltothelifeofthecity.Pierswereabandoned,andthewater¬frontslayidleinmanyoldercities,parallelingthemoregeneralurbandecay.

Withthe1970'scameaperiodofreflectiononthisconditionandaresurgenceofurbanpride.Urbanrenewalstoppedbeingalicenseforlarge—scaledemolition:politiciansandplannerstookahardlookattheiravailableresourcesandbegantoexperimentwithnewdevelopmenttechniques.Waterfrontsbecomeonefocusofthelargeurbanrevitalizationeffort.

1.TheoverallimpressionofMoonWalkconveyedinthefirstparagraphisthatitis（）.

2.Asusedinthepassage,theword"vie"(Para.2,Line4)mostnearlymeans（）.

3.Theauthorimpliesthatsuccessfulrenewalofawaterfrontarearequiresthat（）.

4.BetweenWorldWarIIandthe1970's,waterfrontsbecame（）.

5.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageistodescribe（）.

问题1选项

A.crowded

B.noisy

C.large

D.pleasant

问题2选项

A.ask

B.compete

C.prepare

D.provide

问题3选项

A.bothpublicandprivateinterestsbeconsidered

B.designslikethatofMoonWalkbeused

C.technologicalchangesintransportationbemade

D.historicalmonumentsbepreserved

问题4选项

A.centersforwater-bornecommerce

B.commercialandrecreationalcenters

C.sitesofurbandecay

D.thefocusofrevitalizationefforts

问题5选项

A.therenewalofwaterfrontareas

B.MoonWalkinNewOrleans

C.thecausesofurbandecay

D.businessexpansionofurbanareas

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节推断题。根据第一段的内容可知,MoonWalk给人的总体印象是一个迷人的地方,说明能使人愉悦,所以选项D正确。

2.词义判断题。根据原文"competingprojectsviefortheopportunitiesforprofit."既然是竞争型的项目,当然是为赢得利益的机会进行竞争,所以选项B符合原文句意。

3.细节判断题。根据第二段的最后一句"Thedevelopment...thepublic'sneedsaresatisfied,too."发展将需要公民的大量参与、合作和监督,以确保在保持个人盈利的同时,也能满足公众的需求。所以选项A符合原文。

4.细节判断题。根据关键词"the1970's"定位到最后一段,本句中所提到的现象即上一段末尾提及的"Waterfrontareasbecame...generalurbandecay."海滨地区成了城市的边缘地带。码头被废弃了,滨水地区在许多老城市中闲置着,类似于城市哀退的状况。所以选项C正确。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知本文主要是讲述滨水地区的复兴问题,即重建滨江区,所以选项A正确。

4.单选题

SomeinfluentialfriendshelpedJohntogetagoodjob.

问题1选项

A.capable

B.effective

C.powerful

D.efficient

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项capable“有能力的，有才干的（侧重做某项具体行为的能力）”；B选项effective“有效的，起作用的”；C选项powerful“有权势的，有影响力的”；D选项efficient“有效率的，有能力的（一般是在某项工作或任务上）”。句意：一些有影响力的朋友帮助约翰找到了一份好工作。在本句中，原划线词的意思是“有影响力的”，因此他们应该是很有话语权的/影响力，因此C选项符合题意。

5.单选题

ThereismuchIenjoyaboutthechangingseasons,butmyfavoritetimeisthe______fromfalltowinter.

问题1选项

A.transmission

B.transformation

C.transition

D.transfer

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项transmission“传动装置，传递，传送”，B项transformation“转化，转换，改革”，C项transition“过渡，转变”，D项transfer“转让，转接，移交”。根据关键信息fromfalltowinter“从秋天到冬天”可知，空格处填入transition“过渡”符合句子语境。句意：季节的变化有很多我喜欢的地方，但我最喜欢的时间是秋冬之交。因此，该题选择C项正确。

6.单选题

Thelaserrepresentsatruemarriagebetweenscienceandtechnologyinthatthemenwhodeviseditwere（）engineersandphysicists.

问题1选项

A.spontaneously

B.homogenously

C.instantaneously

D.simultaneously

【答案】D

【解析】句意:激光代表了科学和技术的真正结合，因为发明激光的人同时是工程师和物理学家。

考查副词辨析。spontaneously自发地；自然地；homogenously同样地；instantaneously突如其来地；即刻；simultaneously同时地。根据前半句句意可知这里表示“发明激光的人既是工程师，也是物理学家”，故选D。

7.单选题

Oncethequestionisput,weknow（

）trytoobtaintheanswer.

问题1选项

A.toproceedindirectionto

B.wheredirectionproceedto

C.inwhichdirectiontoproceedto

D.whichdirectionproceedtoward

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法结构。分析句子结构可知，know后面的成分为它的宾语，填空处缺少的是方式状语。选项A不定式做主语或目的状语；选项B中where引导地点状语；选项D缺少先行词。所以只有选项C正确。

8.单选题

Duringtheadolescence,thedevelopmentofpoliticalideologybecomesapparentintheindividual;ideologyhereisdefinedasthepresenceofroughlyconsistentattitudes,moreorlessorganizedinreferencetoamoreencompassing,thoughperhapstacit,setofgeneralprinciples.Assuch,politicalideologyisdimorabsentatthebeginningofadolescence.Itsacquisitionbytheadolescent,ineventhemostmodestsense,requirestheacquisitionofrelativelysophisticatedcognitiveskills:theabilitytomanageabstractness,tosynthesizeandgeneralize,toimaginethefuture.Thesearcaccompaniedbyasteadyadvanceintheabilitytounderstandprinciples.

Thechild’srapidacquisitionofpoliticalknowledgealsopromotesthegrowthofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence.ByknowledgeImeanmorethanthedreary“facts”,suchasthecompositionofcountygovernment,thatthechildisexposedtointheconventionalninth-gradecivicscourse.NordoImeanonlyinformationoncurrentpoliticalrealities.Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent’sabsorption,oftenunwitting,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundofunderstanding,forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.Thus,politicalknowledgeistheawarenessofsocialassumptionsandrelationshipsaswellasofobjectivefacts.Muchofthenaivetethatcharacterizestheyoungeradolescent’sgraspofpoliticsstemsnotfromanignoranceof“facts”butfromanincompletecomprehensionofthecommonconventionsofthesystem,ofwhatisandnotcustomarilydone,andofhowandwhyitisorisnotdone.

YetIdonotwanttooveremphasizethesignificanceofincreasedpoliticalknowledgeinformingadolescentideology.OvertheyearsIhavebecomeprogressivelydisenchantedaboutthecentralityofsuchknowledgeandhavecometobelievethatmuchcurrentworkinpoliticalsocialization,byrelyingtooheavilyonitsapparentacquisition,hasbeenmisledaboutthetempoofpoliticalunderstandinginadolescence.Justasyoungchildrencancountmembersinserieswithoutgraspingtheprincipleofordination,youngadolescentsmayhaveintheirheadsmanyrandombitsofpoliticalinformationwithoutasecureunderstandingofthoseconceptsthatwouldgiveorderandmeaningtotheinformation.

Likemagpies,children’smindspickupbitsandpiecesofdata.Ifyouencouragethem,theywilldroptheseatyourfeet—republicansandDemocrats,thetripartitedivisionofthefederalsystem,perhapseventhecapitalofMassachusetts.Butuntiltheadolescenthasgraspedtheencompassingfunctionthatconceptsandprinciplesprovide,thedataremainfragmented,random,disordered.

1.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcontributestothedevelopmentofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence?

3.Thepassagesuggeststhat,duringearlyadolescence,achildwouldfindwhichofthefollowingmostdifficulttounderstand?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementaboutschools?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’sevaluationoftheaccumulationofpoliticalknowledgebyadolescents?

6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheorganizationoftheauthor’sdiscussionoftheroleofpoliticalknowledgeintheformationofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence?

问题1选项

A.explainwhyadolescentsaregenerallyuninterestedinpoliticalarguments

B.disputethetheorythatapoliticalideologycanbeacquiredduringadolescence

C.clarifythekindsofunderstandinganadolescentmusthaveinordertodevelopapoliticalideology

D.explainwhyanadolescent’spoliticalideologyusuallyappearsmoresophisticatedthanitactuallyis

问题2选项

A.Consciousrecognitionbytheadolescentofhisorherownnaivete.

B.Thoroughcomprehensionoftheconceptofordination.

C.Rejectionofabstractreasoninginfavorofinvolvementwithpragmaticsituations.

D.Intuitiveunderstandingofrelationshipsamongvariouscomponentsofsociety.

问题3选项

A.Abookchroniclingthewaysinwhichthepresidentialinaugurationceremonyhaschangedovertheyears.

B.Adebateinwhichtheparticipantsargue,respectively,thatthefederalgovernmentshouldorshouldnotsupportprivateschools.

C.Asummaryoftherespectiveresponsibilitiesofthelegislative,executive,andjudicialbranchesofgovernment.

D.AnarticledetailingthespecificreligiousgroupsthatfoundedAmericancoloniesandtheguidingprinciplesofeachone.

问题4选项

A.Theyshouldpresentpoliticalinformationaccordingtocarefullyplanned,schematicarrangements.

B.Theythemselvesconstitutepartofageneralsociopoliticalsystemthatadolescentsarelearningtounderstand.

C.Iftheyweretointroducepoliticalsubjectmatterintheprimarygrades,studentswouldunderstandcurrentpoliticalrealitiesatanearlierage.

D.Becausetheyaresubsidiarytogovernment,theircontributiontothepoliticalunderstandingofadolescentmustbelimited.

问题5选项

A.Itisunquestionablynecessary,butitssignificancecaneasilybeoverestimated.

B.Itisimportant,butnotasimportantasistheabilitytoappearknowledgeable.

C.Itdelaysthenecessityofconsideringunderlyingprinciples.

D.Itisprimarilyrelevanttoanunderstandingoflimited,localconcerns,suchascountrypolitics.

问题6选项

A.Heacknowledgesitsimportance,butthenmodifieshisinitialassertionofthatimportance.

B.Heconsistentlyresiststheideathatitisimportant,usingaseriesofexamplestosupporthisstand.

C.Hewaversinevaluatingitandfinallyusesanalogiestoexplainwhyheisindecisive.

D.Hecarefullyrefrainsfrommakinganinitialjudgmentaboutit,butlaterconfirmsitscriticalrole.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:A

【解析】1.作者意图题。根据文章第二段第四句，“Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent’sabsorption,oftenunwitting,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundofunderstanding,forexample,whatthestatecan‘appropriately’demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe‘proper’relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.”，这些都是知识的方面，但与青少年对政治体系中许多不言而喻的假设的理解相比，他们显得没那么关键，比如国家可以对公民提出什么适当的要求，反之亦然，或者政府与附属社会机构（如学校和教堂）之间的适当关系。可判断出本文的主要内容旨在阐明青少年必须具备哪些理解能力才能形成一种政治意识形态。选项C符合题意。

2.判断推理题。根据文章第二段，“Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent’sabsorption,oftenunwitting,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundofunderstanding,forexample,whatthestatecan‘appropriately’demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe‘proper’relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.”，这些都是知识的方面，但与青少年对政治体系中许多不言而喻的假设的理解相比，他们显得没那么关键，比如国家可以对公民提出什么适当的要求，反之亦然，或者政府与附属社会机构（如学校和教堂）之间的适当关系。可判断出对社会各组成部分之间关系的直观性理解才有利于青少年政治意识形态的形成。选项D符合题意。

3.判断推理题。根据文章第二段，“Muchofthenaivetéthatcharacterizestheyoungeradolescent’sgraspofpoliticsstemsnotfromanignoranceof‘facts’butfromanincompletecomprehensionofthecommonconventionsofthesystem,ofwhatisandnotcustomarilydone,andofhowandwhyitisorisnotdone.”，青少年对政治的无知，在很大程度上并非源于对事实的无知，而是源于不完全理解共同的制度惯例、习惯上该做什么和不该做什么，以及这些事情该如何处理应对，做与不做的原因何在。所以可以判断出青少年对于应该或不应该做某事的决策的理解是最困难的。选项B符合题意。

4.判断推理题。根据文章第二段，“Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent’sabsorption,oftenunwitting,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundofunderstanding,forexample,whatthestatecan‘appropriately’demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe‘proper’relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.”，这些都是知识的方面，但与青少年对政治体系中许多不言而喻的假设的理解相比，他们显得没那么关键，比如国家可以对公民提出什么适当的要求，反之亦然，或者政府与附属社会机构（如学校和教堂）之间的适当关系。可判断出学校构成了青少年正在学习理解的一般社会政治体系的一部分。选项B符合题意。

5.判断推理题。根据文章第二段，“Thechild’srapidacquisitionofpoliticalknowledgealsopromotesthegrowthofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence.”，儿童对政治知识的快速习得可以促进青少年时期政治意识形态的成长。所以作者肯定政治知识对于青少年政治意思形态成长的作用。又根据文章第三段，“YetIdonotwanttooveremphasizethesignificanceofincreasedpoliticalknowledgeinformingadolescentideology.”，作者不想过分强调增加政治知识对形成青少年意识形态的重要性。可判断出在作者看来青少年对政治知识的积累无疑是必要的，但其重要性很容易被高估。选项A符合题意。

6.判断推理题。根据文章第二段，“Thechild’srapidacquisitionofpoliticalknowledgealsopromotesthegrowthofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence.”，作者肯定政治知识对于青少年政治意识形态成长的作用。又根据下文“Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent’sabsorption,oftenunwitting,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundofunderstanding...”，那些政治知识只是知识的方面，但与青少年对政治体系中许多不言而喻的假设的理解相比，他们显得没那么关键。可判断出作者对于政治知识在青少年政治意识形态形成中的作用的观点发生了转变，一开始承认它的重要性，但随后改变了他最初对其重要性的断言。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Theyboughtthelandwithaneye（

）buildingaschoolforchildreninthevillage.

问题1选项

A.to

B.of

C.at

D.with

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。固定搭配withaneyeto“着眼于，考虑到”。句意：他们考虑为这个村子的小孩修建一所学校而买了这块地。答案A

10.单选题

Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity,MissKingiscertainlyonthe______ofabrilliantcareer.

问题1选项

A.threshold

B.edge

C.porch

D.course

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项threshold“入口；门槛；开始；极限；临界值”；B选项edge“边缘；优势；刀刃；锋利”；C选项porch“门廊；走廊”；D选项course“科目；课程；过程；进程；道路；路线，航向；一道菜”。onthethresholdof...“处于……的开端”；ontheedgeof...“处于……的边缘”；inthecourseof...“在……的进程中”。句意：作为大学里最年轻的教授之一，金女士无疑正处于她辉煌事业的开端。因此A选项正确。

11.单选题

Thenoisewasso（）thatonlythosewithexcellenthearingwereawareofit.

问题1选项

A.dim

B.quiet

C.gentle

D.faint

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项dim“不亮的；看不清的”；B选项quiet“安静的”；C选项gentle“温和的；文雅的；高尚的”；D选项faint“微弱的；模糊的；不清楚的”。句意：噪音非常……，以至于只有具有良好听力的人才能听到。词组sothat“如此……以至于……”后半句只有听力非常出色的人才能听到，由此可知，噪音是非常微弱的。故选D。

12.单选题

Thepatient’sprogresswasencouraging,ashecould（

）getoutofbedwithouthelp.

问题1选项

A.only

B.nearly

C.hardly

D.badly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。空格后是动词，因此空格处填入副词修饰。A选项only“只，仅仅”；B选项nearly“差不多；密切地”；C选项hardly“几乎不；刚刚”；D选项badly“非常；严重地”。句意：病人的进步是令人鼓舞的，因为他……不需要帮助就能下床。由句中“encouraging”可知，此处表示病人“几乎不需要帮助就可下床”，因此B选项正确。

13.填空题

A:Areyougoingtotellyourbosstodaythatyou'requittingyour（1）?

B:Ican’tmakeupmymind（2）totellhimtodayornot.

A:I’dtellhimtodayifI（3）you.Whydelay?

B:ButwhatifI（4）mymind?

A:I（5）thatyou’dmadeafirmdecision.

B:Well,yesterdayIhadaconversationwithsomeonewho（6）

toworkforthecompanythatwantstohireme.（7）

tohim,there’sa

lotofdissatisfactionamongtheemployees.

A:Didhesaywhatthe（8）ofthedissatisfactionwas?

B:Hementionedanumberofthings.I’llstaywithmycurrentfirmifthealternativeisacompanywithmajormanagementproblems.They’reofferingmeahigher，butistheadditionalpayenoughtomakeupforabunchofnew（9）headaches?

A:Itsoundstomeasifyou'd（10）talktosome（11）currentorpastemployeesbeforeyouacceptthenewfirm’s

offer.

大意:

A.你会今天告诉老板，你要离职的事吗？

B.我不确定是否今天告诉他。

A.如果我是你，我会今天告诉他。为什么推迟呢？

B.但是，要是我改变主意了呢？

A.我觉得你己经决定了。

B.昨天，我和一个之前在想雇我的那个公司中工作过的人谈话。据他所说，员工间有很多不满。

A.他有说不满的原因是什么吗？

B.他说了很多事。如果这个公司主要是管理问题的话，我会呆在现在的公司。他们会给我提供更高的薪水，但是，这额外的工资足以弥补一连串新的麻烦吗？

A.这听起来，在接受新工作之前，好像，你最好和现在或者之前的雇员多谈谈。

【答案】1.job

2.whether

3.were

4.change

5.thought

6.used

7.According

8.cause

9.salary

10.better

11.more

【解析】1.词汇题。根据上下文推测此处填job。Quitone’sjob辞职。

2.固定搭配。Whetherornot是否。

3.语法题。考查虚拟语气。根据If以及主句中动词时态“would/shouldtell”可知,此处是if引导的虚拟语气。而且,根据today判断,这是对现在的虚拟,故填

4.词汇题。句意:但是，要是我改变主意了呢？

5.词汇题。句意:我觉得你已经做好了决定。再根据后面的you’dmade判断此处为think的过去式thought。

6.词汇题。此处为定语从句修饰someone。此处的someone指在这个公司工作或曾经工作过的人,所以此处填used，与后面的to搭配表示“曾经”。

7.固定搭配。Accordingto根据…。

8.词汇题。句意:他有说不满的原因是什么吗？

9.词汇题。根据语境推测此处填salary(工资,薪水)。

10.固定搭配。You’dbetter你最好是…。

11.词汇题。A希望B能在接受新公司邀请之前和目前或之前的员工谈谈。此句已经完整,因此应填入程度副词，故填more，即多了解情况。

14.填空题

A:Isn’tthatyourcar?

B:No,it（1）.Mineis（2）redoneoverthere

【答案】1.isn’t

2.the

【解析】1.语法分析。此处是否定回答。

2.语法分析。句意:我的是红色那辆。此处为特指,所以用定冠词the。

15.单选题

W.SomersetMaughamafterwardswalkedthewardsofSt.Thomas’sHospital（）practicinginmedicine.

问题1选项

A.withaviewto

B.withregardsto

C.withtheaimat

D.withtheobjectfor

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项withaviewto“着眼于，考虑到，意在，以……为目的”，表示会尽力去完成自己所追求的这件事；B选项withregardsto“关于，至于”；C选项withtheaimat“为了……”，aim常指短期内的目标，往往比较具体、实际、明确，不是理想性的，努力程度一般；D选项withtheobjectfor“目的是”，object常指比较明确具体的单个目标，往往出于直接的需要和愿望，没有明确表明是否会尽力。句意：后来，W.萨默塞特•毛姆走进圣托马斯医院的病房，（）行医。而毛姆是想要迫切做好这件事的，因此A选项符合题意。

16.单选题

DoyouknowTim’sbrother?Heis（）thanTim.

问题1选项

A.muchmoresportsman

B.moreofasportsman

C.moreofsportsman

D.moreasportsman

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词的程度比较。对于一些可显示程度的名词，把带of的数量词放在其前面可以表示程度的修饰，且这种结构只能与单数可数名词连用，名词前要加不定冠词。moreofasportsmanthanTim表示他比蒂姆更爱好运动，因此B选项正确。

17.单选题

EachMondayinfour（）weeksiscalledfour（）Mondays.

问题1选项

A.successive,consecutive

B.continuous,consecutive

C.consecutive,successive

D.consecutive,continuous

【答案】C

【解析】考查近义词辨析。successive，consecutive，continuous都有“连续的”的意思，successive侧重指一个接着一个连续发生；consecutive侧重指事情按照次序连续发生，强调连贯性；continuous强调一件事情在不断地进行着，没有间断。句意：连续四周的每个星期一被称为连续四个星期一。连续四周指的是按照次序连贯的四周，用consecutive表示，连续四个星期一指有先有后，依次发生的星期一，用successive表示。因此C选项正确。

18.单选题

Thegreatestcontributiontocivilizationinthecenturymaywellbetheair-conditioning—andAmericanleadsjustasamazingisthespeedwithwhichthissituationcametobe.Air-conditioningbegantospreadinindustriesasaproductionaidduringWorldWarⅡ.TodaymostAmericansneedtotakeair-conditioningforgrantedtohomes,offices,factories,theatres,shops,studios,schools,hotels,andrestaurants.

ButnoteverybodyisawarethathighcostandeasycomfortaremerelytwooftheeffectsofthevastcoolingofAmerican.Infact,airconditioninghassubstantiallyalteredthecountry’scharacterandcustoms.

Manyofthebyproductsaresoconspicuousthattheyarescarcelynoticed.Tobeginwith,air-conditioningtransformedthefaceofAmericabymakingpossiblethoseglassy,boxy,sealed-inskyscrapers.Ithasbeenindispensable,noless,tothefunctioningofsensitiveadvancedcomputers,whosehighoperatingtemperaturesrequirethattheybeconstantlycooled.

Ithas,atwill,forcedfamiliesintoretreatingintofamilieswithcloseddoorsandshutwindows,reducingtheinteractionsofneighborhoodlife.Itisreallysurprisingthatthepublic’softennotedwithdrawalintoself-pursuitandprivacyhascoincidedwiththehistoricspreadofair-conditioning.Thoughsciencehaslittlestudiedhowhabitualair-conditioningaffectsmindandbody,somemedicalexpertssuggestthat,likeothertechnicalavoidanceofnaturalvariationsinclimate,air-conditioningmaydamagethehumancapacitytoadapttostress.Ifso,air-conditioningisonlylikemanyothergreatlyusefultechnicaldevelopmentsthatliberatemanfromnaturebyincreasinghisproductivityandpowerinsomeway—whileindirectlyweakeninghiminothers.

1.Accordingtothisselection,whichofthefollowingconstitutestheuniquecharacterofU.S.?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thechiefconsequencebroughtaboutbythewideapplicationofair-conditioningis________.

3.Thetoneofthisselectionrevealsthatair-conditioning________.

4.Whobenefitstheleastfromair-conditioningaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardsair-conditioning?

问题1选项

A.Itsexcessiveuseofair-conditioning.

B.Itsadvancedcomputerizedcivilization.

C.Itspublic’sretreatingintoself-pursuit.

D.Itsgreatestcontributiontohumancivilization.

问题2选项

A.thelossofhumancapacitytoadapttochangesinclimate

B.thereductionofsocialcommunicationsofneighborhoodlife

C.theactivelifestyleofallitsusers

D.thedecreasedhumanproductionandpower

问题3选项

A.haslittleeffectonitsusers

B.hasmoreeffectonbodythanonmind

C.bringsmorebenefitsthandamagetoitsusers

D.doesharmaswellasgoodtoitsusers

问题4选项

A.Factorylaborers.

B.Consumers.

C.Medicalexperts.

D.Manufacturers.

问题5选项

A.Critical.

B.Compromising.

C.Neutral.

D.Objective.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Infact,airconditioninghassubstantiallyalteredthecountry’scharacterandcustoms.（事实上，空调已经极大地改变了这个国家的性格和习俗。），可知空调在很大程度上影响着美国，A选项“空调的过多使用”正确。B选项“先进的计算机文明”：根据第三段最后一句Ithasbeenindispensabl