考研考博-英语-山西电力职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山西电力职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Themechanicjackedupthecarandthen（）tochangethetire.

问题1选项

A.advanced

B.went

C.moved

D.proceeded

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项advanced“提出，前进”；B选项went“达到，运转”；C选项moved“移动，搬动”；D选项proceeded“继续，进行”。句意：机械工用千斤顶把汽车顶起来，然后开始换轮胎。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。

2.单选题

Ourprogramisdifferent（）itstressesthetechnicalskillsthatbusinessandindustryseekastheyincorporatetheinternetintotheirenterprisesystems.

问题1选项

A.nowthat

B.inthat

C.incase

D.regardlessof

【答案】B

【解析】nowthat"既然";inthat"由于";incase"万一,假使";regardlessof"不管,不顾"。句意：我们的项目不同,它强调了商业和工业在将互联网融入企业系统时所寻求的技术技能。前后为因果关系。所以选项B正确。

3.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Someoldpeoplearetroubledbythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisajustificationforthisfeeling.Youngmenwhohavereasontofeartheywillbekilledinabattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrowsandhasdonewhateverworkitwasinhimtodo,thefearofdeathissomewhatignoble.Thebestwaytoovercomeit—soatleastitseemstome―istomakeyourinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonal,untilbitbybitthewallsoftheegorecede,andyourlifebecomesincreasinglypartoftheuniversallife.Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver—smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowwider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomepartofthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.

【答案】有些老年人恐惧死亡。要是年轻人这样想.那倒情有可原。那些害怕在战争中阵亡的年轻人，想到自己被生活所欺骗，错失了生命中最美好的东西，感到苦涩理所当然。但对于一个饱尝了人间悲欢离合，实现一生抱负的老人来说，恐惧死亡就有点不光彩了。战胜对死亡的恐惧的最好的方法是——至少对我而言是可行的一一逐步拓宽你的兴趣，并使其不受人际感情的影响，直到自我的围城慢慢地消失，你的生命加快融入到众生之中。一个人应当像一条河流，开始时窄而浅，静静流淌于两岸之中，然后，奔腾冲击于岩石之间，飞流直下于高崖之处。慢慢地，河流越走越宽，河岸逐步退去，水流更显平缓，直到最后，毫无迹象地融入大海，平和地失去了个体的存在。

4.单选题

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotal（）forlivingexpenses.

问题1选项

A.acceptable

B.applicable

C.advisable

D.available

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项acceptable“可接受的”；B选项applicable“可适用的，合适的”；C选项advisable“明智的”；D选项available“可获得的”。句意：一般来说，学生可用于住房的钱应该占全部生活费的五分之一。availablefor意为“可用于……的”，所以选项D正确。

5.翻译题

III.(本题3段，每段10分)

TheoriesofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsconstituteasystemofscientifictheoriesincludingDengXiaopingTheory,theimportantthoughtofThreeRepresents,andtheScientificOutlookonDevelopmentandothermajorstrategicthoughts.ThissystemrepresentstheParty’sadherencetoanddevelopmentofMarxism-LeninismandMaoZedongThoughtandembodiesthewisdomandhardworkofseveralgenerationsofChineseCommunistsleadingthepeopleincarryingouttirelessexplorationsandpractices.Itisanopensystemthatkeepsdeveloping.PracticessincethepublicationoftheCommunistManifestonearly160yearsagohaveprovedthatonlywhenMarxismisintegratedwiththeconditionsofaspecificcountry,advancesinstepwiththetimesarid,istiedtothedestinyofthepeoplecanitdemonstrateitsstrongvitality,creativityandappeal.IncontemporaryChina,tostaytruetoMarxismmeanstoadheretothesystemoftheoriesofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.

Educationshouldbewild,exciting,intoxicating.Thesedays,moreandmoretertiaryeducationestablishmentsspecializeincoursesthattooklikeashort-cuttoasexyjob:youcanstudysport,orjournalism,ortelevision,orpopmusic,evenfashion.Theerror¬—theheresy—istothinkthattheentirepurposeofeducationistogetyouabetterjob;thattheentirefunctionofanindividuallifeistomakeasmuchmoneyaspossible.It’saterribleshame,andIfeelhorriblysadforthepeoplewhomustgothroughitall,carryingtheburdenofeconomicexpectationratherthanthespiritofexplorationandadventure.Wewerealltoobusytryingtosussoutthemeaningoflifetobesidetrackedbysuchside-issuesascareers,untilthetimecametomeetrealityheadon.Thepurposeofmoderneducationistomakeyouawealthyperson.

InaspeechthatwillsetChina’sdirectionforthefuture,hespokeoftheneedtoaddresstheproblemsofenvironmentaldegradation,politicalcorruptionandincomeinequalitybetweentherichcitiesontheeasternseaboardandvillagesinthepoorwesterninterior.HetoldChinese:“Growthisnotouronlygoal.Sustainabilityandcuttinginequalityishighonagenda.”But,headmittedthatthepartyhadstruggledtokeeppacewiththerapidchangesinsociety.“Whilerecognizingourachievements,wemustbewellawarethattheystillfallshortoftheexpectationsofthepeople.”hesaid,“Thegovernmentcapabilityofthepartyfallssomewhatshortoftheneedtodealwiththenewsituationandtasks.”

【答案】中国特色社会主义理论体系，是包括邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观等重大战略思想在内的科学理论体系。这是我们党对马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想的坚持和发展，是几代中国共产党人领导人民不懈探索和实践的智慧和汗水的结晶。它是一个不断发展的开放体系。《共产党宣言》发表近160年来的实践证明，马克思主义只有同具体国情相结合、与时俱进、同人民命运紧密相连，才能展现出强大的生命力、创造力和感召力。在当代中国，坚持马克思主义，就是坚持中国特色社会主义理论体系。

教育应该是狂野的、令人兴奋的和令人陶醉的。如今，越来越多的高等教育机构专门开设一些课程，这些课程似乎是获得一份有吸引力的工作的捷径：你可以学习体育，或新闻，或电视，或流行音乐，甚至时尚。错误的一个想法（异端邪说）就是，认为教育的全部目的就是为你找到一份更好的工作，而生活的全部目的就是尽可能多地赚钱。这是一种可怕的耻辱，我为那些必须经历这一切的人感到非常难过，他们背负着经济期望的重担，而不是探索和冒险的精神。我们总是忙于追寻人生的意义，直到现实砸在我们的脑袋上之前，我们都不考虑一些次要的事情，比如职业什么的。现代教育的目的就是让你成为一个富有的人。

在这篇将为中国未来指明方向的演讲中，他谈到了解决环境恶化、政治腐败以及东部沿海富裕城市与西部贫困内陆农村之间收入不平等等问题的必要性。他对中国人说：“增长不是我们唯一的目标。可持续发展和减少不平等是议程上的重点。”但他承认，共产党一直在努力跟上社会的快速变化。他说：“我们在看到成绩的同时，也要清醒地看到，我们的成绩与人民的期待之间有差距；党的管理能力与处理新形势新任务的需要有一定差距。”

6.单选题

Hewasfilledwithapprehensionaboutthefuture.

问题1选项

A.fear

B.hesitation

C.excitement

D.eagerness

【答案】A

【解析】根据句意可知，apprehension意为恐惧。fear害怕，恐惧；hesitation犹豫；excitement刺激，兴奋；eagerness渴望，热心。选项A与之意思相近。

7.单选题

Ifyouwanttoteachyourchildrenhowtosaysorry,youmustbegoodatsayingityourself,especiallytoyourownchildren.Buthowyousayitcanbequitetricky.

Ifyousaytoyourchildren“I’msorryIgotangrywithyou,but...whatfollowsthat“but”canrendertheapologyineffective:“Ihadabadday”or“yournoisewasgivingmeaheadache”leavesthepersonwhohasbeeninjuredfellingthatheshouldbeapologizingforhisbadbehaviorinexpectinganapology.

Anothermethodbywhichpeopleappeartoapologizewithoutactuallydoingsoistosay“I’msorryyou’reupset”;thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone.

Thenthereisthegeneral,allcoveringapology,whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting,andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain.Saying“I’muselessasaparent”doesnotcommitapersontoanyspecificimprovement.

Thesepseudo-apologiesareusedbypeoplewhobelievesayingsorryshowsweakness.Parentswhowishtoteachtheirchildrentoapologizeshouldseeitasasignofstrength,andthereforenotresorttothesepseudo-apologies.

Butevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition,childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry.Athree-year-oldmightneedhelpinunderstandingthatotherchildrenfeelpainjustashedoes,andthathittingaplaymateovertheheadwithaheavytoyrequiresanapology.Asix-year-oldmightneedremindingthatspoilingotherchildren’sexpectationscanrequireanapology.A12-year-oldmightneedtobeshownthatraidingthebiscuittinwithoutaskingpermissionisacceptable,butthatborrowingaparent’sclotheswithoutpermissionisnot.

1.Ifamotheradds“but”toanapology（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,saying“I’msorryyou’reupset”mostlyprobablymeans

（

）.

3.Itisnotadvisabletousethegeneral,all-coveringapologybecause

（

）.

4.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinteachingchildrentosaysorry

（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatapologizingproperlyis（

）.

问题1选项

A.shedoesn’tfeelthatsheshouldhaveapologized

B.shedoesnotrealizethatthechildhasbeenhurt

C.thechildmayfindtheapologyeasiertoaccept

D.thechildmayfeelthatheowesheranapology

问题2选项

A.Youhavegoodreasontogetupset

B.I’mawareyou’reupset,butI’mnottoblame

C.1apologizeforhurtingyourfeelings

D.I’matfaultformakingyouupset

问题3选项

A.itgetsoneintothehabitofmakingemptypromises

B.itmaymaketheotherpersonfeelguilty

C.itisvagueandineffective

D.itishurtfulandinsulting

问题4选项

A.thecomplexitiesinvolvedshouldbeignored

B.theiragesshouldbetakenintoaccount

C.parentsneedtosetthemagoodexample

D.parentsshouldbepatientandtolerant

问题5选项

A.asocialissuecallingforimmediateattention.

B.notnecessaryamongfamilymembers

C.asignofsocialprogress

D.notassimpleasitseem

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“如果一个母亲在道歉后加一个‘但是’……”。文章第二段提到“但是后面的内容可以让该道歉变得无效……”（whatfollowsthat“but”canrendertheapologyineffective…），选项D“小孩可能会觉得自己还欠母亲一个道歉”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，‘很抱歉让你烦恼了’意味着……”。文章第三段提到“这表明你在某种程度上是错误的，让你自己因为他人的所作所为感到烦恼”（thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone），选项B“我意识到你心烦了，但这不是我的错”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“不建议使用笼统的、涵盖一切的道歉是因为……”。文章第四段对“笼统道歉”的解释是避免需要去提及特别令人受伤或者受辱的具体行为，道歉的人应该承诺不会再犯（whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting,andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain），这种道歉并不会起作用，比如“我是一个无用的家长”，并不会让一个人去具体改进，因此这种含糊其辞的道歉是不可取的，选项C符合题意。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“从最后一段教小孩子道歉可知……”。文章最后一段提到“但是即使孩子看到了真诚悔过的例子，他们仍然需要帮助去认识到道歉的复杂性”（Butevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition,childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry），随后举了不同年龄阶段的孩子应该怎样教授道歉，由此可以推断在教小孩子道歉时，年龄是需要考虑的因素，选项B符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章中可知，适当的道歉……”。文章提到了道歉需要技巧；道歉并没有那么简单，在教授孩子道歉时要考虑其年龄等，说明道歉并没有看上去那么容易，选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Themayor（

）hisspeechtosuitthecrowdofhomelesspeoplegatheredinhisoffice.

问题1选项

A.intoned

B.expanded

C.tailored

D.shortened

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。intone“吟诵，吟咏”；expand“扩大，扩展”；tailor“剪裁;使合适”；shorten“缩短，变短”。根据句意‘为了迎合聚集于自己办公室的无家可归的人，市长（

）自己的演说。’确定C选项正确。

9.单选题

TheprefixMachisusedtodescribesupersonicspeed.ItwasnamedforErnstMach(1838-1916),aCzech-bornAustrianphysicist,whocontributedtothestudyofsound.Whentwicethespeedofsound,itisMach2.Whenitisnearbutbelowthespeedofsound,itsspeedcanbedesignatedatlessthanMach1,forexample,Mach0.9.Machisdefinedas“theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityofsoundinthemediumbeingconsidered.”

Whenaplanepassesthesoundbarrier—flyingfasterthansoundtravels—listenersintheareahearthunderclaps,butthepilotoftheplanedoesnothearthem.

Soundisproducedbyvibrationsofanobjectandistransmittedbyalternateincreaseanddecreaseinpressurethatradiateoutwardthroughamaterialmediaofmolecules—somewhatlikewavesspreadingoutonapondafterarockhasbeentossedintoit.

Thefrequencyofsoundisdeterminedbythenumberoftimesthevibratingwavesundulate（波动）persecondandismeasuredincyclespersecond.Theslowerthecycleofwaves,thelowerthefrequency.Asfrequenciesincrease,thesoundishigherinpitch.

Soundisaudibletohumanbeingsonlyifthefrequencyfallswithinacertainrange.Thehumanearisusuallynotsensitivetofrequenciesoffewerthan20vibrationspersecond,ormorethanabout20,000vibrationspersecond—althoughthisrangevariesamongindividuals.Anythingatapitchhigherthanthehumanearcanhearistermedultrasonic.

Intensity,orloudness,isthestrengthofthepressureoftheseradiatingwavesandismeasuredindecibels.Thehumanearrespondstointensityinarangefromzeroto120decibels.Anysoundwithpressureover120decibelsispainfultothehumanear.

Thespeedofsoundisgenerallyplacedat1.088feetpersecondatsealevelat32degreesFahrenheit.Itvariesinothertemperaturesandindifferentmedia.Soundtravelsfasterinwaterthaninair,andevenfasterinironandsteel.Ittravelsamilein5secondsinair,itdoesamileunderwaterin1second,andittravelsthroughironin1/3second.Ittravelsthroughicecoldvaporatapproximately4,708feetpersecond;ice-coldwater,4,938;granite,12,960;hardwood,12,620;brick,11,960;glass,16,410to19,690;silver,8,658;gold,5,717.

1.Accordingtothispassage,“Mach”refersto（

）.

2.Soundisproducedby

（

）.

3.Decibelis

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisaTRUEstatement?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.theratiooftheairspeedofanaircrafttothespeedofsound

B.amachine

C.aCzech-bornAustralianphysicist

D.thepilotoftheplane

问题2选项

A.vibrationsofanobjectpassingthroughtheair

B.spreadingofwavesafterarockbeingtossedintoapond

C.thunders

D.aflyingplane

问题3选项

A.thefrequencyofradiatingwaves

B.thepressureofradiatingwaves

C.theunitformeasuringtheintensityofsound

D.thespeedofsound

问题4选项

A.Soundtravelsfastestthroughthehardestthing.

B.Soundtravelsatdifferentspeedindifferenttemperaturesandindifferentmedia.

C.Soundtravelsfastestinhottesttemperature.

D.Soundtravelsfastestincoldesttemperature.

问题5选项

A.ThePrefixMach.

B.TheSpeedofSound.

C.TheFrequencyofSound.

D.TheIntensityofSound.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节判断题。根据题干关键词Mach定位到文章第一段中，由Machisdefinedas“theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityofsoundinthemediumbeingconsidered.”（马赫被定义为“在被考虑的媒介中，火箭或飞机的速度与声速的比率”）可知选A。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Soundisproducedbyvibrationsofanobjectandistransmittedbyalternateincreaseanddecreaseinpressurethatradiateoutwardthroughamaterialmediaofmolecules（声音是由物体的振动产生的，并通过分子的物质介质向外辐射的压力的交替增加和减少而传播）可知A选项“物体通过空气的振动”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词decibel定位到文章倒数第二段中，由Intensity,orloudness,isthestrengthofthepressureoftheseradiatingwavesandismeasuredindecibels.（强度，或响度，是这些辐射波的压力强度，以分贝为单位）可知C选项“测量声音强度的单位”符合题意。

4.推理判读题。文章最后一段的“Itvariesinothertemperaturesandindifferentmedia.（它在其他温度和不同的介质中变化）”中的it指的是前句中的“thespendofsound（声音的速度）”，然后介绍了在不同介质中传播的速度不同，因此B选项“声音以不同的速度在不同的温度和不同的介质中传播”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。A选项仅适合文章第一段的主题；C选项仅适合第四段和第五段的主题；D选项仅适合第六段的主题。文章首段与尾段都提到了声音的速度，中间也有提到，因此B选项“声音的速度”符合题意。

10.单选题

Lungcancerhasnowexceededbreastcancerasa____killerofAmericanwomen.

问题1选项

A.preliminary

B.primary

C.potential

D.physical

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.preliminary初步的B.primary主要的

C.potential潜在的D.physical身体的

【答案】C

【考查点】修饰语与被修饰语的搭配

【解题思路】空格前后语义为“肺癌已经超过乳腺癌成为美国女性的____杀手”。空格处所填词修饰的对象为“杀手”，根据句意，原文指的是，肺癌是美国女性去世的可能原因，C选项potential“潜在的”符合原文前后搭配。

【干扰项排除】

A选项preliminary“初步的”，与“杀手（killer）”搭配不当；

B选项primary“主要的”，原文没有足够的语义说明，肺癌是美国女性死亡的主要原因，而只要她们可能因肺癌去世就可以说“潜在原因”，因此，C选项更合适；

D选项physical“身体的”，与“杀手（killer）”搭配不当。

【句意】肺癌已经超过乳腺癌成为美国女性的潜在杀手。

11.单选题

Modemindustryisbasedonthe（）ofthemaximumproductionatthelowestcost.

问题1选项

A.plan

B.project

C.conception

D.idea

【答案】C

【解析】句意：现代产业所基于的理念是低成本高产量。选项C符合语境。

12.单选题

Flood,（）andfaminearenaturaldisastersoftenfacingthepeopleinthepeninsula.

问题1选项

A.war

B.sanction

C.overpopulation

D.drought

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项war“战争，斗争，军事，竞争”；B选项sanction“制裁，处罚，认可，支持”；C选项overpopulation“人口过剩”；D选项drought“干旱，久旱”。句意：洪水、（）和饥荒是半岛人民经常面临的自然灾害。题干中主要谈论naturaldisasters自然灾害，空格前后也都是自然因素。因此D选项正确。

13.写作题

Youaretowriteacompositionofnolessthan250wordsanddoyourcompositionneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingtopic:

OnKnowledgeandAbility

【答案】OnKnowledgeandAbility14.单选题

Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelopmentattheculminationofGreekcivilization,advancedsoslowlyfortwothousandyearsandwhyinthefollowingtwohundredyearsaknowledgeofnaturalandmathematicalsciencehasaccumulated,whichsovastlyexceedsallthatwaspreviouslyknownthatthesesciencesmaybejustlyregardedastheproductsofourowntimes—arequestionwhichhaveinterestedthemodemphilosophernotlessthantheobjectswithwhichthesesciencesaremoreimmediatelyconversant.Wasittheemploymentofanewmethodofresearch,orintheexerciseofgreatervirtueintheuseoftheoldmethods,thatthissingularmodemphenomenonhaditsorigin?Wasthelongperiodoneofarresteddevelopment,andisthemodemeraoneofnormalgrowth?Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?

Theexplanationwhichhasbecomecommonplace,thattheancientsemployeddeductionchieflyintheirscientificinquiries,whilethemodemsemployinduction,provestobetoonarrow,andfailsuponcloseexaminationtopointwithsufficientdistinctnessthecontrastthatisevidentbetweenancientandmodemscientificdoctrinesandinquiries.Forallknowledgeisfoundedonobservation,andproceedsfromthisbyanalysis,bysynthesisandanalysis,byinductionanddeduction,andifpossiblebyverification,orbynewappealstoobservationundertheguidanceofdeduction—bystepswhichareindeedcorrelativepartsofonemethod;andtheancientsciencesaffordexamplesofeveryoneofthesemethods,orpartsofonemethod,whichhavebeengeneralizedfromtheexamplesofscience.

Afailuretoemployortoemployadequatelyanyoneofthesepartialmethods,animperfectionintheartsandresourcesofobservationandexperiment,carelessnessinobservation,neglectofrelevantfacts,byappealtoexperimentandobservationthesearethefaultswhichcauseallfailurestoascertaintruth,whetheramongtheancientsorthemodems;butthisstatementdoesnotexplainwhythemodemispossessedofagreatervirtue,andbywhatmeansheattainedhissuperiority.Muchlessdoesexplainthesuddengrowthofscienceinrecenttimes.

Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthisphenomenonintheantithesisof“facts”and“theories”or“facts”and“ideas”—intheneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatter—provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.Theories,iftrue,arefacts—aparticular,classoffactsindeed,generallycomplex,andifalogicalconnectionsubsistsbetweentheirconstituents,haveallthepositiveattributesoftheories.

Nevertheless,thisdistinction,howeverinadequateitmaybetoexplainthesourceoftruemethodinscience,iswellfounded,andconnotesanimportantcharacterintruemethod.Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,ariddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,onepossiblereasonforthegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmodemtimesis

（

）.

3.Thedifferencebetween“fact”andtheory”

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,mathematicsis（

）.

问题1选项

A.Philosophyofmathematics

B.TheRecentGrowthinScience

C.TheVerificationofFacts

D.MethodsofScientificInquiry

问题2选项

A.thesimilaritybetweenthetwoperiods

B.thatitwasanactofGod

C.thatbothtriedtodeveloptheinductivemethod

D.duetothedeclineofthedeductivemethod

问题3选项

A.isthatthelatterneedsconfirmation

B.restsonthesimplicityoftheformer

C.isthedifferencebetweenthemodemscientistsandtheancientGreeks

D.helpsustounderstandthedeductivemethod

问题4选项

A.aninductivescience

B.nneedofsimpleverification

C.adeductivescience

D.basedonfactandtheory.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要是在对为什么从希腊文化顶峰时期后两千年来归纳法和数学科学发展如此缓慢，而后的两百年又超越了前人这一问题进行科学探究，所以D选项“科学探究的方法”适合做文章标题。

2.推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?’’或去我们是否点当把两个阶段的特点归因于所谓的历史的偶然性归因于客观环境结合的影响。这一点除非以指导一切的上帝的智慧和无限权利来解释，否则难以说清楚。”确定B选项‘这是上帝的行为’正确。

3.细节事实题。根据文章最后三句“Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,ariddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.”“事实是一个提议。而理论，若是真理论，就有事实的一切特性（除非其证实只能通过非直接的，遥远的和困难的方式实现），把理论转成事实必须用简单的证实，理论因此具有事实的一切特性。”确定A选项“后者需要证实”是事实和理论之间的区别。

4.推理判断题。根据文章第一句话“Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences...”可以推断出数学不是inductivescience，排除A选项；根据上一题可知需要简单证实的是理论，排除B选项；D选项“数学基于理论和事实”这一观点没有在文章中体现，排除；所以通过排除法得出C选项正确。

15.单选题

Afterhislongillness,theoldmanappearedsothinand（

）thatagustofwindmighthaveblownhimaway.

问题1选项

A.flimsy

B.powerless

C.frail

D.faint

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。flimsy意为“劣质的，不结实的，薄而易损坏的”；powerless意为“无影响力的，无权的，无能为力”；frail意为“脆弱的，虚弱的”；faint意为“（光、声、味）微弱的，不清楚的”。由句中的longillness（长期生病）和thin（瘦小的）可知选C。

句意：这位老人病了很久，看上去如此瘦小虚弱以致于一直狂风就可能把他吹走。

16.单选题

Anetworkofminiaturetoxindetectorshasbeen（

）in30Americancitiesforthesakeofbio-security.

问题1选项

A.deployed

B.committed

C.indulged

D.immersed

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。A选项deploy“部署，有效利用”；B选项commit“犯罪，保证”;C选项indulge“沉溺”；D选项immerse“沉浸，陷入”；根据主语‘Anetworkofminiaturetoxindetectors微型毒素探测器网络’确定A选项正确。

17.单选题

ThedestructionoftheEarth’sozonelayer,forexample,couldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowingultravioletraystoharmplantsandanimals.

问题1选项

A.sufficient

B.improvement

C.prosperity

D.poverty

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项sufficient“足够的；充分的”；B选项improvement“改进，改善；提高”；C选项prosperity“繁荣，成功”；D选项poverty“贫困；困难；缺少；低劣”。句意：例如，地球臭氧层的破坏会使紫外线伤害动植物，从而加剧贫困化的进程。结合此处关键词impoverishment“贫穷；致使贫乏或贫瘠之事物；穷困化状况”，得知D选项正确。

18.单选题

Between1815and1915,morethan30millionimmigrantsarrivedintheUnitedStates.ThesewerepeoplefromothercountrieswhocametomaketheUnitedStatestheirhome.

Immigrantscameformanyreasons.Someweredrivenawayfromhomebyhardshipssuchashunger,poverty,overpopulation,orpoliticalandreligioustroubles.SomewereattractedtotheUnitedStatesbythepromiseofabetterlife.Theyhadheardstoriesaboutcheapland,highwages,andevenaboutstreetspavedwithgold.Somecamebecauseofthepromiseofgreaterfreedominthisnewnation.

Inthemid-1800s,theUnitedStatesneededworkersalmosteverywhere.Workerswereneededtobuildrailroadsandbridges.TheywereneededintheslaughterhousesofChicagoandintheironandcoalminesofOhioandPennsylvania.Theywereneededinfactoriesandonfarms.Theywereneededtobuildhomesandbuildingsinthegrowingcities.AmericancompaniesadvertisedinEuropeforpeopletocometotheUnitedStates.

Thereweretwoperiodswhenimmigrantscameingreaternumbersthanusual.Between1815and1860,largenumbersofpeoplecamefromnorthernEurope.ThelargestgroupswereIrishandGermans.SomeAsians,mostlyChinese,alsocameduringthistime.

In1815,IrelandwasthemostcrowdedcountryinEurope.Mostpeoplehadnolandandlittlefoodormoney.FamilieswouldsendtheiryoungermemberstotheUnitedStates.Theyoungpeopleinturn,wouldfindjobsandsendmoneyhome.ThenthewholefamilywouldmovetotheUnitedStates.Inthe1840s,thepotatocropsfailedinIreland.Everywherepeoplediedofstarvationandfewer.Withintenyears,1.5millionIrishpeopleleftfortheUnitedStates.

MostIrishimmigrantslandedinNorthernportcitiessuchasBoston,NewYork,andPhiladelphia.Theydidnothaveenoughmoneytobuyfarms.Mostsettledinthepoorestareasofthesecities.Irishpeoplegottheworstjobsandlowestpay.Themendugcanals,builtroadsandrailroads,andworkedintextilefactories.Thewomenworkedinfactoriesorashouseholdservants.

MostGermanimmigrantscouldmoveonfromtheEasternportcities.ManyboughtfarmsintheMidwestorstartedbusinessinthenewerWesterncitiesofDetroit,Milwaukee,andChicago.

Thegoldrushof1849broughtmanyChinesetoCalifornia.Floods,typhoons,andhungerhadforcedmanyChinesetoleavetheirhomes.FromUnitedStatesmerchantshipsreachingChina,theyheardabouthighwagesandgold.In1850alone,25,000youngChinesearrivedinCalifornia.TheChineseworkedinthegoldmines.Theyhelpedbuildthefirstrailroadtocrossthenation,whichwasfinishedin1869.Later,theyworkedinlumbering,fishing,andcanningcompanies,andonfarmsinCalifornia.

ThesecondgreatwaveofimmigrantscamemostlyfromeasternandsouthernEuropebetween1890and1910.GiantfactoriesandbusinessesintheUnitedStatesneededmoreandmoreworkers.After1900,asmanyas15,000peoplewouldarriveinoneday.

ManyoftheseimmigrantswereJewsfromdifferentpartsofEuropeseekingreligiousfreedom.SouthernItaliansalsocameinlargenumbers.TheyweredrivenawayfromItalybyaverydifficultlife.SomeSicilianworkersmadeonly8centsaday.Peoplehadtoliveinstrawhousesandsometimesintombsandcaves.

Greeks,Hungarians,Russians,andPolesalsocametotheUnitedStatesduringthistime.MexicanstravelednorthtocitiesandfarmsthroughouttheUnitedStatesSouthwest.JapanesepeoplearrivedontheWestCoast.Theretheytookjobsasfarmworkersandservants.Manyeventuallyboughttheirownland.

LifeintheUnitedStateswasverydifficultforalmostallthenewimmigrants.Andyet,manyfoundsomeoftheirdreamscomingtrue.

1.Animmigrantisapersonwho（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingreasonsisNOTtrue?

3.ChineseimmigrantscametotheUnitedStatesmainlybecauseof

（

）.

4.Whohelpedbuildthefirstrailroad,whichwasfinishedin1869,tocrossthe-nation?

5.LifeintheUnitedStateswasverydifficultfor（

）.

问题1选项

A.dreamsofahappierlifeandwantsabetterjob

B.leavesone’sowncountryandsettlesinanother

C.comesasasettlerintoanothercountry

D.doessomeoddjobsinsparetime

问题2选项

A.Somewereat