考研考博-英语-日照航海工程职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-日照航海工程职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Heisnotunderarrest,______anyrestrictiononhim.

问题1选项

A.orthepolicehaveplaced

B.orhavethepoliceplaced

C.northepolicehaveplaced

D.norhavethepoliceplaced

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒装句用法。根据句意，前半句与后半句均表示否定含义，因此后半句用nor引导。nor后应接倒装结构。因此D选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Withthehelpofthegovernment,alargenumberofpeople（

）afterthefloodin1991.

问题1选项

A.survived

B.suspended

C.suffered

D.subjected

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。survive“幸存，生还”；suspend“延缓”；suffer“遭受，允许，宽恕”；subject“使遭受”。句意：在政府的帮助下，很多人在1991年的洪水中幸存下来。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

ThepoetCarlosWilliamwasaNewJerseyphysician.

问题1选项

A.professor

B.doctor

C.physicist

D.resident

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。physician“内科大夫”，A选项professor“教授”；B选项doctor“医生”；C选项physicist“物理学家”；D选项resident“居民”。句意：诗人威廉姆•卡洛斯是新泽西州的一名内科大夫。只有B选项与physician含义相近。

4.单选题

Hetoldmethatthenumberofstudentsattendingthemeeting（

）over100.

问题1选项

A.are

B.were

C.is

D.was

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他告诉我参加会议的学生人数超过了100人。

语法题。考查主谓一致。此句为宾语从句。宾语从句的主语为thenumber,因此其谓语动词应该用单数形式。而且主句的时态为一般过去时,所以宾语从句时态与主句保持一致。故选D。

5.单选题

Literacyinthecountryhasincreased,withtheliterateproportionofthepopulationrisingto52.1%from43.6%adecadeago.

问题1选项

A.influential

B.educated

C.diligent

D.sophisticated

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.influential有很大影响的B.educated受过教育的

C.diligent孜孜不倦的；勤勉的D.sophisticated见多识广的；老练的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】literacy表示“读写能力”，literate是literacy的形容词形式，那么literate表示“有读写能力的”，即受过教育的，B项词义与之相近，故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】该国的识字率有所提高，识字人口比例从十年前的43.6%上升到52.1%。

6.单选题

ThankstosomehelpfromprofessorsattheuniversityinCanberra，theAustralianauthoritiesarelettingmetobringmybiologicalsamplesintothecountrywithouttheusualthree-week

quarantine.

问题1选项

A.Thankstosomehelpfrom

B.attheuniversityinCanberra

C.arelettingmetobring

D.three-week

E.没有问题

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。C项中去掉to。Letsb.dosth.为固定搭配。

7.单选题

Manoftenwondershowtheearthevolvedfromahot,violentbirthtothecelebratedwateryplanetthat_______inpicturesfromspace.

问题1选项

A.standsfor

B.standsby

C.standsup

D.standsout

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“standsfor”意为“代表；意味着”；B选项“standsby”意为“支持；袖手旁观；准备；站在旁边”；C选项“standsup”意为“站起来；坚持；竖立；站得住脚；拥护”；D选项“standsout”意为“突出；杰出；坚持到底；坚决反对”。句意：人们常常想知道地球是如何从一个炙热、狂暴的诞生演变成这个著名的含水星球，并从太空照片中脱颖而出的。由题干可知，inpicturesfromspace（在太空照片中），说明从太空层面来看，地球与其他星球截然不同，是个含水的星球，由此脱颖而出。因此D选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Allthememoriesofhischildhoodhad（）fromhismindbythetimehewas65.

问题1选项

A.faded

B.illustrated

C.confined

D.concerned

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。fade“褪色，逐渐消失”；illustrate“阐明，举例说明”；confine“限制，紧闭”；concern“影响，牵挂，关系到，涉及”。句意：他大脑中童年时代的所有记忆在他65岁时都逐渐模糊。A项符合题意。

9.单选题

Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.

Sinceabout1970,newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.

Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.

Inonestudy,researchersexaminedthebrainofalearning-disabledpersonwhohaddiedinanaccident.Theyfoundtwounusualthings.Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.

ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwind,anearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshoulD.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.

Otherstudiesdidnotexaminebraintissue.Instead,theymeasuredthebrain’selectricalactivityandmadeamanoftheelectricalsignals.

FrankDuffyexperimentedwithhistechniquesatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.

1.Scientistfoundthatthebraincellsofalearning-disabledpersondifferfromthoseofanormalpersonin______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

3.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat______.

4.DoctorDuffybelievedthat______.

5.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethatfurtherresearchshouldbemade______.

问题1选项

A.structureandfunction

B.colorandfunction

C.sizeandarrangement

D.colorandarrangement

问题2选项

A.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromtheunknownareaofthebrain

B.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromdamagetoawideareaofthebrain

C.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromabnormalorganizationofbraincells

D.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain

问题3选项

A.manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder

B.alearning-disabledpersonshowsnooutwardsigns

C.readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation

D.thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren

问题4选项

A.hefoundtheexactcauseoflearningdisabilities

B.theproblemoflearningdisabilitieswasnotlimitedtotheleftsideofthebrain

C.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesresultedfromtheleftsideofthebrain

D.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesdidnotlieintheleftsideofthebrain

问题5选项

A.toinvestigatepossibleinfluencesonbraindevelopmentandorganization

B.tostudyhowchildrenlearntoreadandwrite,andusenumbers

C.tohelplearning-disabledchildrentodeveloptheirintelligence

D.toexplorehowtheleftsideofthebrainfunctionsinlanguagelearning

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章第四段“Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.”，中文翻译为：其中一个是大脑左侧控制语言的细胞。这些细胞通常是白色的。然而，在学习障碍者中，这些细胞是灰色的。研究人员还发现，许多神经细胞并没有按照应有的方式排列。神经细胞混合在一起。根据关键词“white”“gray”可排除A、C选项，以及“cellswerenotinaline”（细胞不在一条线上）可排除B选项，因此可判断D选项“颜色和排列”正确。

2.推理判断题。通读全文，A选项“学习障碍可能来自大脑的未知区域。”在文中并没有提及，因此可知A选项正确。B选项“学习障碍可能是由于大脑大面积受损造成的。”在文中第五段“Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.”中文翻译：他认为大脑的这一侧不能正常发育。他说，很可能那里的神经细胞并没有正常连接。所以大脑就像一个电线交叉的电子装置。可推测，大脑受损导致学习障碍。因此B选项正确，可排除。C选项“学习障碍可能是由脑细胞的异常组织引起的。”在文中第二段“Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.”中文翻译：毫无疑问，所有的学习障碍都是由大脑组织方式的差异造成的。因此C选项符合原文意思，可排除。D选项Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.“学习障碍可能是由左脑问题引起的。”可定位到文中第五段“DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.”中文翻译：Geschwind博士提出学习障碍主要是由左脑问题引起的。因此，D选项也是直接来自原文，可排除。

3.推理判断题。A选项“manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder”（许多因素导致了学习障碍），可定位到文中第二段第二句“Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings”，中文翻译：科学家们现在知道有许多不同种类的学习障碍，它们是由许多不同的事情引起的。因此A选项正确。B选项“alearning-disabledpersonshowsnooutwardsigns”（有学习障碍的人没有外在的迹象），可定位到原文第三段“Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.”中文翻译：你不能看着一个孩子就知道他或她是否有学习障碍。没有这种紊乱的外在迹象。因此B选项正确。C选项“readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation.”（阅读障碍是影响10%人口的一个常见问题），可定位到文中第一段第二句“Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.”中文翻译：大约有10%的儿童患有这种疾病。与C选项不符，因此C选项错误。D选项“thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren.”（学习障碍儿童的大脑活动与正常儿童不同），可定位到文中第四段，可知学习障碍者控制语言的左脑细胞是灰色的，而这些细胞通常是白色的。可推测学习障碍儿童的大脑活动与正常儿童不同。因此选项D正确。综上所述，C选项为正确答案。

4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“DoctorDuffy”可定位到文中最后一段FrankDuffyexperimentedwithhistechniquesatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.中文翻译：达菲在波士顿儿童医院医疗中心试验了他的技术。达菲博士

说，他的研究证明，阅读障碍不仅会损害大脑的左侧，还会损害大脑的大部分区域。A选项“他找到了学习障碍的确切原因”，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“学习障碍的问题不仅限于左脑”，达菲博士的研究证明“阅读障碍还会损害大脑的大部分区域”，因此，选项B正确。C选项“学习障碍的问题是由左脑造成的”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“学习障碍的问题并不在于大脑的左侧”不符合题意，可排除。综上所述，B选项为正确答案。

5.推理判断题。A选项“研究可能对大脑发育和组织的影响”，B选项“研究儿童如何学习读写和使用数字”，C选项“帮助学习障碍儿童发展智力”，D选项“探讨左脑在语言学习中的作用”。根据题干，可以定位到文中最后一段最后一句“达菲博士说，他的研究证明，阅读障碍不仅会损害大脑的左侧，还会损害大脑的大部分区域。”，由此可推测接下来的研究会探讨“大脑发育和组织的影响”，因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

1.Recentreportsthatbedbugs［臭虫］haveinfiltratedofficebuildings,movietheatersandstoresinNewYorkdidnotcomeasasurprisetoWesTyler,generalmanagerofaprestigioushotelindowntownSanFrancisco.“Shortofputtingabedbug-sniffingbeagleatyourdoortocheckeveryarrivingguestbeforetheycomein,you’regoingtogetbedbugs，”hesaid.“Dealingwiththemisthecostofdoingbusinessthesedays.”

2.Anemployeefirstdiscoveredabedbuginthe137-roomhotelin2003,andMr.Tyler

hassinceinstitutedacomprehensivebedbugdetectionprogramtofindtheblood-suckinginsectsbeforeaguestdoes.Forstarters,Mr.Tylercreatedapositioncalled“bedbugtechnician”——anemployeewhosesolejobistogofromroomtoroomcheckingforbedbugs.Thereisalsoabedbugbountyof$10paidtoanyemployeewhofindsone.Ifabedbugisfound,theroomandalladjacentroomaretakenoutofserviceforuptofivedayswhiletheyaresteam-cleanedandchemicallytreatedtoeliminatethebugsandtheireggs.Themattressesintheroomsarealsodiscarded.Thetotalcostforeachroomis$2,500,includinglostbookings.“Itsoundslikealotofmoney,butthevalueofagoodreputationisinfinite,”Mr.Tylersaid,“Yourbiggestfearisthatsomeonewillgetbittenandpostsomethingaboutitonanonlinetravelsite,andthat’dbeakiller.”

3.Bedbugsusedtobesolelyaresidentialproblem,buttheyareshowingupincommercialsettings,andnotjustinplaceswithbedslikehotels,nursinghomesandapartmentcomplexes.Increasingly,pestcontrolcompaniesreportfindingbedbugsinofficebuildings,movietheaters,clothingstores,foodplants,factoriesandevenairplanes.Fortheaffectedbusinesses,theexpensecanrunintothehundredsofthousandsofdollars.Forthecompaniesthatdealwiththescourge,itisabonanza,withbusinessdoublingandtripling.

4.Thecostsofcopingwithbedbugsaresignificant,andtheyarenotcoveredbymostinsurancepoliciesbecausetheyareseenasamaintenanceissue.Hiringbedbug-sniffingdogs,whichisconsideredthemosteffectivedetectiontechnique,costsabout$250fora1,200-square-footretailstoreandasmuchas$10,000foramillion-square-footdepartmentstore."Tostayaheadofbedbugs,Irecommendusingthedogstodoathoroughinspectionquarterly/'saidPepePeruyero,chiefexecutiveofacompanyinFloridathattrainsbedbug-sniffingdogsandoffersinspectionsforlargebuildingslikedepartmentstoresandschooldormitories.However,headded,manycustomerscannotafforditandinsteadchoosetorelyonthevigilanceofemployeesafteraninitialdogcheckcomesupclean.

5.Eliminatinginfestationsisalsocostly,rangingfrom$750forafewroomsinanofficebuildingto$70,000foralargeapartmentcomplex.Andthatisjustfortheapplicationofthecombinationofpesticidesthatkillsbedbugs.Itcostsanadditional40percentforthemostthoroughregimen:placingallthecontentsofanofficeorretailspaceintoaheatchamber——bedbugsdieat120degreesFahrenheit—andthensprayingpesticidesinthetemporarilyemptyrooms.’’Ittakesaboutfourtosevenhoursperroom”forthecombinationheatandpesticideprocedureandacoupleofhoursonthreeseparateoccasionsifusingpesticidesalone,saidJudyBlack,technicaldirectorforalargefirmbasedinCharlotte,NorthCarolina,whichprovidespestcontrolandotherqualitycontrolservicestocommercialcustomers."Gettingridofbedbugsisnotquickoreasy.”

6.Businesseslosemoneywhentheyhavetointerruptoperations.Inaddition,theymayhavetodestroybedbug-infestedmerchandise.Onewell-knownchainofsportinggoodsstores,forexample,hadtoclosetwoofitsoutletsinNewYorkinJuly,oneforfourbusinessdaysandanotherforfive,todealwithbedbuginfestations.Arepresentativeconfirmeddisposingofmerchandisebutdeclinedtocommentonthecost.

7.ThemanagementsoftheEmpireStateBuilding(afamousNewYorkCityskyscraper)andtheAMCTheaterchainweresimilarlytightlippedaboutthecostofdealingwithrecentbedbuginfestations."Nobodywantstotalkaboutthiseventhoughit'shappeningeverywhere,"saidRonHarrison,directoroftechnicalservicesforaAtlanta-basedpestcontrolcompanywhosecommercialbusinesshasmorethantripledsince2008."IspokebeforeachapteroftheNationalApartmentAssociationinoneAlabamacityandaskedforashowofhandsofthosewhohadexperiencedproblemswithbedbugs,andnotasinglehandwentup——yetrightthereinfrontofmewerethreeofourcustomerswhoIknowhadusedourservicestodeadwithbedbugsintheircommercialproperty."

8.Thesilence,ofcourse,istoavoidthestigmaofaninfestation.Evenifbusinesses

managetoavoidmediaattention,theymayendupononeofseveralwebsiteslikeand,whichencouragepeopletoreporthotels,apartmentcomplexes,officesandretailerswheretheysaworwerebittenbybedbugs."It’sbeennonstopdramadealingwithhotelsdisputingclaims,"saidMattCeglowski,acomputerprogrammerinSanFranciscowhostartedinNovember2006afterhewasbittenbybedbugsinalocalhotel."Everyoneisscaredofbeingpubliclyoustedandlosingbusiness."

9.Thereisalsoarealfearofliability.Bedbug-relatedlawsuitshavebeenincreasingsince2003,andseverallawyersnowadvertisethemselvesasspecialistsinsuchlitigation.TypicalisarecentcasefiledagainstalargePennsylvaniafurnitureestablishmentbyawomanwhocontendsthatfurnituresheboughttherehadbedbugs.Incourtdocuments,shesaidshewantedatleast$50,000incompensationbecausethebedbugsnotonlygaveheritchyweltsbutalsocausedhertoloseherhairandherjobasanattendantatanursinghome."Mostbedbugsuitsaresettledoutofcourtforlessthan$5,000,butI’veseendamagesgoashighassixfigures,”saidChristianHardigree,associateprofessorattheCollegeofHotelAdministrationattheUniversityofNevada,LasVegas,andalawyerwhohasconsultedonbedbugcasesinvolvinghotels,cruiseships,movietheatersandnursinghomes."Itcanbeanightmareforbusinessesbecausealotofclaimantsinthesecasesaretreatingthelitigationsystemlikealotteryandaregoingafterthebigwin."

10.Inadditiontopersonal-injurylawfirms,otherbusinessesbenefitingfromthebedbugscourgeincludeafirmbasedinChicagothatmanufacturesenvelopingmattresscasestokeepoutmitesandbedbugs.Thecompanydevelopedtheproductin2004andhadsalesof$10millionlastyear,twiceasmuchasinthepreviousyear,accordingtoJamesBell,thecompany’schiefexecutive.Hepredictsanevenlargerjumpinsalesthisyear.“Theresponsehasbeenenormous,”hesaid.

11.BedbugsgaveLindaDevelascoofsuburbanChicagoanewcareerwhenshewaslaidofffromherjobasanew-accountsmanageratVerizontwoyearsago.Havinglearnedaboutbedbugsinthehospitalityindustryfromherfiance,whowasgeneralmanagerofahotel,sheboughtabedbug-sniffingbeaglenamedScoobyfor$9,700.Sherecoupedtheexpensewithinthreemonthsbydoingonetothreeinspectionseachweek."Hewaswortheverypenny,"saidMs.Develasco,whohadbeendoingmostlyresidentialworkbutwithinthelastweekbeganinspectingofficebuildings,retailstoresandmovietheaters.“It’sbeencrazy.”

12.Exterminatorsarealsoenjoyingawindfallafterseveralyearsofdecliningrevenueascustomerscutbackonpestcontroltreatmentstosavemoneyinthetighteconomy.“Ijustgota$60,000contracttotakecareofbedbugsinanapartmentcomplex”.TonyEsposito,ownerofasmallpestcontrolcompanyinTexas,shoutedintohiscellphoneashedrovetoinvestigateanotherbedbugcomplaintinnearbyHouston.“Ihadtopullmytruckoveranddoahappydance."

1.Ofthefoursuggestedtitlesbelow,thebestoneforthisarticleis（

）.

2.Mr.Tyler,theCalifornianhotelmanager（

）.

3.WhenMr.Tylerisquotedasusingthewordkillerinparagraph2,hemeans（

）.

4.Theuseoftraineddogstodetectbedbugs（

）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,insurancecompaniesare（

）.

6.Wemaydeducefromtheinformationinthearticlethatwhenbusinessesdiscoverbedbugstheytendtolosemoneyforeveryreasonexcept（

）.

7.WhenLindaDevelascousesthewordcrazyinparagraph11,sheismostprobablydescribing（

）.

8.Accordingtothearticle,pestexterminators（

）.

问题1选项

A.Arebedbugsbadforbusiness?Itdependsonthebusiness

B.Eek!BedbugsarenowturnupineverycomerofAmerica

C.Doyouhavebedbugs?Herearesomesuggestionsonhowtodefeattheinvaders

D.Getready!Bedbugsthreatenusall

问题2选项

A.recommendsusingtraineddogstopreventbedbugsfromenteringhotels

B.believesthattheonlyeffectiveresponsetobedbugsistowaittillcustomersfindthem

C.claimsthathishotelhasneverhadamajorbedbuginfestation,unlikeotherhotelsinSanFrancisco

D.believesthestrugglewithbedbugsisaninevitablepartofhotelmanagementnowadays

问题3选项

A.amurderer

B.somethingdevastatingforhishotel’sappealtocustomers

C.somethingthatwouldenhancehishotel'scommercialreputation

D.aterriblehealthhazard

问题4选项

A.ischeapenoughtoallowbothhomeownersandbusinessmentodothisasamatterofcourse

B.is,accordingtooneexecutivequotedinthearticle,necessaryonamonthlybasisforeffectivecontrolofthepests

C.is,accordingtoPepePeruyano,sufficientlyexpensivetomakeitsomethingmanybusinessownersdoonlyonce,iftheycanmanageit

D.ismoreimportantinplaceslikeFloridathaninotherpartsoftheUS,accordingtoPepePeruyano

问题5选项

A.usuallyunwillingtoinsureagainstbedbugsbecausetheybelievetheirpresenceorabsencedependsonhowwellownerskeeptheirpropertyclean

B.reluctanttoissuebedbuginsurancebecauseangrycustomerscansoeasilywincompensationfromthecourtsforexposuretobedbugs

C.unwillingtoinsurecommercialpropertiesagainstbedbugsunlessthepropertiesareregularlyinspectedbypestcontrolprofessionalsusingtraineddogs

D.happytoinsurecommercialpropertiesagainstbedbugs

问题6选项

A.ahikeintheirinsurancerates

B.ahaltintheiroperationswhilebedbugsareexterminated

C.expertinspectionoftheirfacilities

D.theneedtogetridofinfestedgoods

问题7选项

A.hermentalstateasaresultofbeingfirstlaidoffandthenhavingtoworkwithdogs

B.thedisgustshefeelsathavingtospendherworkinghoursdealingwithbedbugs

C.hershockatdiscoveringbedbugsinsomanydifferentsortsofenvironments

D.thepaceofherworksinceshebegantodobedbuginspectionswithherbeagleScooby

问题8选项

A.faceadecliningdemandfortheirservices

B.havemanagedtoconvincehome-ownersoftheneedfortheirservicesdespitetheeconomictroublesintheUS

C.havebedbugstothankfortheircurrentprosperityafteraperiodoffallingincome

D.withsmallbusinessesarecurrentlydoingwell,butthisisnottrueoflargercompaniesthatprovidepestcontrolservices

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:A

第7题:C

第8题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章首先提出了臭虫入侵纽约各大写字楼、电影院和商店的问题；随后通过实例对臭虫入侵给各大酒店带来的困扰和损失进行了详细介绍；最后文章指出臭虫的入侵在给各大酒店带来损失的同时却为另外一部分的行业另外一些行业却来带了巨大的利润。因此A项最适合做文章标题。

2.细节事实题。第三段:Anemployeefirstdiscoveredabedbuginthe137-roomhotelin2003,andMr.Tylerhassinceinstitutedacomprehensivebedbugdetectionprogramtofindtheblood-suckinginsectsbeforeaguestdoes(2003年，一名员工在137间客房的酒店里首次发现了一只臭虫，之后泰勒先生制定了一个全面的臭虫检测计划，目的是在客人发现之前先发现吸血的昆虫)。因此选D:泰勒先生认为与臭虫斗争是当今酒店管理中不可避免的一部分。

3.词义题。Killer出现在第二段的最后一句:Itsoundslikealotofmoney，butthevalueofagoodreputationisinfinite,”Mr.Tylersaid,“Yourbiggestfearisthatsomeonewillgetbittenandpostsomethingaboutitonanonlinetravelsite,andthat’dbeakiller(这听起来是很大的一笔钱，但是良好声誉的价值却是不可限量的，Tyler先生补充道，最让人担心的是有人被咬之后会到在线旅游网站上发表一些东西，这将会是一种……)。句子前半部分指出“良好声誉的价值不可限量”而被咬的人在网站上面发表的东西固然会对酒店的声誉构成损害，故可以推断出四个选项中与killer意思最相近的是选项B(酒店对顾客吸引力的破坏)。

4.细节事实题。第四段:However,headded,manycustomerscannotafforditandinsteadchoosetorelyonthevigilanceofemployeesafteraninitialdogcheckcomesupclean(然而，他补充说，许多客户支付不起雇佣‘臭虫搜寻狗’的费用，从而在首次雇佣‘臭虫搜寻狗’之后会选择依靠工作人员)，因此可知C项“比较贵。哪怕是能负担得起,很多企业著也只会支付一次”。

5.推理判断题。第四段:Thecostsofcopingwithbedbugsaresignificant,andtheyarenotcoveredbymostinsurancepoliciesbecausetheyareseenasamaintenanceissue(应对臭虫的费用很高，并且大部分保险政策都不针对与臭虫相关的问题，因为这些问题应该属于日常护理范畴),由此推断A项“保险公司通常不愿意为臭虫投保，因为他们认为臭虫的存在或不存在取决于主人如何清洁”正确。

6.推理判断题。根据题干关键词losemoney定位至第六段:Businesseslosemoneywhentheyhavetointerruptoperations(当需要暂停营业时，商家就会亏损)。题干问的是发现臭虫时，商家会亏损,除了…。故选A“保险费率提高”。

7.词义题。定位至第11段,LindaDevelasco用一种臭虫搜寻小猎犬挣了很多钱，但是以前她只在住宅区提供臭虫搜寻服务，但后来很快就开始在办公区、零售商店以及电影院等场所提供臭虫搜寻服务。crazy出现在段尾。因此可以推断出她所说的“这太疯狂了”是因为臭虫出现的场所从住宅区扩张到办公区、零售商店以及电影院等众多场所。

8.细节事实题。最后一段:Exterminatorsarealsoenjoyingawindfallafterseveralyearsofdecliningrevenueascustomerscutbackonpestcontroltreatmentstosavemoneyinthetighteconomy(在经历了几年的收入下降后，灭虫人员也获得了一笔横财，因为消费者为了在经济紧张的情况下节省开支而削减了害虫防治措施)。故选C。

11.单选题

Inthe19th-century,thereusedtobeamodelofhowtobeagoodperson.Thereareallthesetorrentsofpassionflowingthroughyou.Yourjob,ascaptainofyoursoul,istoerectdamstokeepthesepassionsincheck.Yourjobistojustsaynotolaziness,lust,greed,druguseandtheothersins.

Thesedaysthatmodelisoutoffashion.Youusuallycan’tchangeyourbehaviorbysimplyresolvingtodosomething.Knowingwhattodoisnotthesameasbeingabletodoit.Yourwillpowerisnotlikeadamthatcanblockthetorrentofself-indulgence.It’smorelikeamuscle,whichtireseasily.Moreover,you’reasocialbeing.Ifeverybodyaroundyouisovereating,you’llprobablydoso,too.

The19th-centurycharactermodelwasbasedonanunderstandingoffreewill.Today,weknowthatfreewillisbounded.Peoplecanchangetheirlives,butorderingchangeisnotsimplebecausemanythings,evenwithinourselves,arebeyondourdirectcontrol.Muchofourbehaviour,forexample,isguidedbyunconscioushabits.ResearchersatDukeUniversitycalculatedthatmorethan40percentoftheactionswetakearegovernedbyhabit,notactualdecisions.Researchershavealsocometounderstandthestructureofhabits—cue,routine,reward.

Youcanchangeyourownpersonalhabits.Ifyouleaverunningshortsontheflooratnight,that’llbeacuetogorunninginthemorning.Don’ttrytoignoreyourafternoonsnackcraving.Everytimeyoufeelthecueforasnack,insertanotherroutine.Takeawalk.

Theirresearchthusimpliesadifferentcharactermodel,whichissupposedtomanipulatetheneuralnetworksinside.

Tobeaneffectiveperson,underthismodel,youaresupposedtocoollyexamineyourownunconscioushabits,andthehabitsofthoseunderyourcare.Youaresupposedtodevisestrategiestoalterthecuesandroutines.Everyrelationshipbecomeslightlymanipulative,includingyourrelationshipwithyourself.You’retryingtoarousecertainresponsesbyimplantingcertaincues.

Thisisabitdisturbing,becausetheimportanthabitualneuralnetworksarenotformedbymereroutine,norcantheybereversedbyclevercues.Theyareburnedinbyemotionandstrengthenedbystrongyearnings,liketheyearningsforadmirationandrighteousness.

Ifyouthinkyoucanchangeyourlifeinacleverway,thewayanadvertisercangetyoutobuyanairfreshener,you’reprobablywrong.AstheVictoriansunderstood,ifyouwanttochangeyourlife,don’tjustlookforaclevercue.Committosomelargerglobalbelief.

21.Whichofthefollowingisakeyelementinthe19th-centurycharactermodel?

22.The19th-centurymodelsupposedlydoesnotworkbecause______.

23.WhatisthemainimplicationoftheresearchatDukeUniversity?

24.Accordingtothenewcharactermodel,personalbehaviourcouldbealteredthrough______.

25.Welearnfromthepassagethatthenewcharactermodel______.

问题1选项

A.Passion.

B.Determination.

C.Capability.

D.Action.

问题2选项

A.ithasworkedunsatisfactorilymostofthetime

B.thecomparisonoffreewilltoadamisgroundless

C.whatonewishestodoshouldbeconsideredcarefully

D.thereweremanyotherfactorsbeyondone’scontrol

问题3选项

A.Habitiskeytoone’sbehaviour.

B.One’sbehaviourisdifficulttochange.

C.Bothhabitandwillpowerareimportant.

D.Habithasanunidentifiedstructure.

问题4选项

A.cuestomanipulatethehabitualneuralresponses

B.cuestostopalltheformerunconscioushabits

C.techniquestodevisedifferentphysicalcues

D.techniquestosupplementoldroutines

问题5选项

A.hasbeenusedchangebehavioursuccessfully

B.dealsbetterwithemotionalaspectsofbehaviour

C.stressestheneuralandpsychologicalaspectsofhabitchange

D.canbringaboutchangesinone’slifelikewhatadvertisersdo

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】21.【选项释义】

21.Whichofthefollowingisakeyelementinthe19th-centurycharactermodel?21.以下哪一项是19世纪性格模范的关键因素？

A.Passion.A.激情，热情

B.Determination.B.决心

C.Capability.C.能力

D.Action.D.行动

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据关键词the19th-centurycharactermodel定位第一段倒数第二句“作为灵魂的船长，你的工作就是建立水坝来控制这些激情（keepthesepassionsincheck）”，以及最后一句“你的工作就是对懒惰、欲望、贪婪、吸毒和其他罪恶说不（sayno）”，可知，在19世纪，最首要的性格模范就是“决心”，B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项